Chem Data Booklet

First examinations 2009
Chemistry
Diploma Programme
Data booklet
Diploma Programme
Chemistry Data booklet
First examinations 2009
International Baccalaureate Organization Buenos Aires Cardiff Geneva New York Singapore
Diploma Programme Chemistrydata booklet
Published March 2007 International Baccalaureate Organization Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales GB CF23 8GL United Kingdom Phone: +44 29 2054 7777 Fax: +44 29 2054 7778 Web site: http://www.ibo.org International Baccalaureate Organization 2007 The International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) was established in 1968 and is a non-profit, international educational foundation registered in Switzerland. The IBO is grateful for permission to reproduce and/or translate any copyright material used in this publication. Acknowledgments are included, where appropriate, and, if notified, the IBO will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. IBO merchandise and publications in its official and working languages can be purchased through the IB store at http://store.ibo.org. General ordering queries should be directed to the sales and marketing department in Cardiff. Phone: +44 29 2054 7746 Fax: +44 29 2054 7779 E-mail: sales@ibo.org
Printed in the United Kingdom by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
4019a
Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Some relevant equations Physical constants Fundamental particles Names of the first 103 elements The periodic table Melting points and boiling points of the elements First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the elements Atomic and ionic radii of the elements Covalent bond lengths Average bond enthalpies at 298 K Organic compoundsthermodynamic data Enthalpies of combustion Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental and theoretical values) Standard electrode potentials Strengths of organic acids and bases Acidbase indicators Infrared data
1
1 2 3 4 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 23 24 26
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
H NMR data
2-Amino acids
20. 21. 22.
Structural formulas of some important medicines and drugs Structural formulas of some important biological molecules Structural formulas of some important food chemistry molecules
29 32 35
Notes This booklet cannot be used for paper 1 of the examination (SLP1 and HLP1), but the periodic table given on page 4 will be available as part of these examination papers. Clean copies of this booklet must be made available to candidates for papers 2 and 3 (SLP2, SLP3, HLP2 and HLP3).
Chemistry data booklet
1. Some relevant equations

t1 =
2
0.693 k
Ea
log10 ln k =
I0 = lc I
Ea + ln A RT
k = Ae RT
E = hf G = H T S
PV = nRT
International Baccalaureate Organization 2007
2. Physical constants
Avogadros constant (L) = 6.02 1023 mol1 Gas constant (R) = 8.31 J K1 mol1 Molar volume of an ideal gas at 273 K and 1.01 105 Pa = 2.24 102 m3 mol1 (= 22.4 dm3 mol1) Plancks constant (h) = 6.63 1034 J s Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 kJ kg1 K1 (= 4.18 J g1 K1) Ionic product constant for water (Kw) = 1.00 1014 mol2 dm6 at 298 K 1 atm = 1.01 105 Pa 1 dm3 = 1 litre = 1 103 m3 = 1 103 cm3
3. Fundamental particles
Proton Neutron Electron
Mass (kg) Charge (C)
1.672648 1027 1.602189 1019
1.674954 1027 0
9.109534 1031 1.602189 1019
4. Names of the first 103 elements

Element Symbol Atomic number Element Symbol Atomic number
actinium aluminium americium antimony argon arsenic astatine barium berkelium beryllium bismuth boron bromine cadmium caesium calcium californium carbon cerium chlorine chromium cobalt copper curium dysprosium einsteinium erbium europium fermium
Ac Al Am Sb Ar As At Ba Bk Be Bi B Br Cd Cs Ca Cf C Ce Cl Cr Co Cu Cm Dy Es Er Eu Fm
89 13 95 51 18 33 85 56 97 4 83 5 35 48 55 20 98 6 58 17 24 27 29 96 66 99 68 63 100
fluorine francium gadolinium gallium germanium gold hafnium helium holmium hydrogen indium iodine iridium iron krypton lanthanum lawrencium lead lithium lutetium magnesium manganese mendelevium mercury molybdenum neodymium neon neptunium nickel
F Fr Gd Ga Ge Au Hf He Ho H In I Ir Fe Kr La Lr Pb Li Lu Mg Mn Md Hg Mo Nd Ne Np Ni
9 87 64 31 32 79 72 2 67 1 49 53 77 26 36 57 103 82 3 71 12 25 101 80 42 60 10 93 28
Names of the first 103 elements
Element
Symbol
Atomic number
Element
Symbol
Atomic number
niobium nitrogen nobelium osmium oxygen palladium phosphorus platinum plutonium polonium potassium praseodymium promethium protactinium radium radon rhenium rhodium rubidium ruthenium samarium scandium selenium
Nb N No Os O Pd P Pt Pu Po K Pr Pm Pa Ra Rn Re Rh Rb Ru Sm Sc Se
41 7 102 76 8 46 15 78 94 84 19 59 61 91 88 86 75 45 37 44 62 21 34
silicon silver sodium strontium sulfur tantalum technetium tellurium terbium thallium thorium thulium tin titanium tungsten uranium vanadium xenon ytterbium yttrium zinc zirconium
Si Ag Na Sr S Ta Tc Te Tb Tl Th Tm Sn Ti W U V Xe Yb Y Zn Zr
14 47 11 38 16 73 43 52 65 81 90 69 50 22 74 92 23 54 70 39 30 40
6
5. The periodic table

1
1
2
Atomic number 4
0
2
H
1.01 3
He
4.00 5 6 7 8 9 10
Element
Atomic mass
Li
6.94 11
Be
9.01 12
B
10.81 13
C
12.01 14
N
14.01 15
O
16.00 16
F
19.00 17
Ne
20.18 18
Na
22.99 19
Mg
24.31 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Al
26.98 31
Si
28.09 32
P
30.97 33
S
32.06 34
Cl
35.45 35
Ar
39.95 36
K
39.10 37
Ca
40.08 38
Sc
44.96 39
Ti
47.90 40
V
50.94 41
Cr
52.00 42
Mn
54.94 43
Fe
55.85 44
Co
58.93 45
Ni
58.71 46
Cu
63.55 47
Zn
65.37 48
Ga
69.72 49
Ge
72.59 50
As
74.92 51
Se
78.96 52
Br
79.90 53
Kr
83.80 54
Rb
85.47 55
Sr
87.62 56
Y
88.91 57
Zr
91.22 72
Nb
92.91 73
Mo
95.94 74
Tc
98.91 75
Ru
101.07 76
Rh
102.91 77
Pd
106.42 78
Ag
107.87 79
Cd
112.40 80
In
114.82 81
Sn
118.69 82
Sb
121.75 83
Te
127.60 84
I
126.90 85
Xe
131.30 86
Cs
132.91 87
Ba
137.34 88
La
138.91 89
Hf
178.49
Ta
180.95
W
183.85
Re
186.21
Os
190.21
Ir
192.22
Pt
195.09
Au
196.97
Hg
200.59
Tl
204.37
Pb
207.19
Bi
208.98
Po
(210)
At
(210)
Rn
(222)
Fr
(223)
Ra
(226)
Ac
(227)
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Ce
140.12
Pr
140.91
Nd
144.24
Pm
146.92
Sm
150.35
Eu
151.96
Gd
157.25
Tb
158.92
Dy
162.50
Ho
164.93
Er
167.26
Tm
168.93
Yb
173.04
Lu
174.97
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Th
232.04
Pa
231.04
U
238.03
Np
(237)
Pu
(244)
Am
(243)
Cm
(247)
Bk
(247)
Cf
(251)
Es
(254)
Fm
(257)
Md
(258)
No
(259)
Lr
(260)
6. Melting points and boiling points of the elements

14 Melting point (K) 1
H
20 454 1551
Element
Boiling point (K) 2573 4100 63 55 54
He
4 25
Li
1600 371
Be
3243 922
B
3931 936
C
5100 1683
N
77 317
O
90 392
F
85 172
Ne
27 84
Na
1156 337
Mg
1363 1112 1814 1933 1973 2130 1517 1808 1768 1726 1357 693
Al
2740 303
Si
2628 1211
P
553 1090
S
718 490
Cl
239 266
Ar
87 117
K
1047 312
Ca
1757 1042
Sc
3104 1780
Ti
3560 2125
V
3650 2741
Cr
2755 2890
Mn
2235 2445
Fe
3023 2583
Co
3143 2239
Ni
3005 1825
Cu
2840 1235
Zn
1180 594
Ga
2676 429
Ge
3103 505
As
886 904
Se
958 723
Br
332 387
Kr
121 161
Rb
961 302
Sr
1657 983
Y
3611 1194
Zr
4650 2503
Nb
5015 3269
Mo
4885 3680
Tc
5150 3453
Ru
4173 3327
Rh
4000 2683
Pd
3413 2045
Ag
2485 1338
Cd
1038 234
In
2353 577
Sn
2543 601
Sb
2023 545
Te
1263 527
I
458 575
Xe
166 202
Cs
952 300
Ba
2023 973
La
3730 1320
Hf
5470
Ta
5698
W
5930
Re
5900
Os
5300
Ir
4403
Pt
4100
Au
3080
Hg
630
Tl
1730
Pb
2013
Bi
1833
Po
1235
At
610
Rn
211
Fr
950
Ra
1413
Ac
3470
7. First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the elements

1310 72
8
H
2.1 519 52 900
First ionization energy (kJ mol 1)
Electron affinity (kJ mol 1)
2370
He
799 29 1090 120 1400 3 1310 142 1680 348 2080 (O +844)
Element Be
1.5
Li
1.0 494 71 736
Electronegativity
B
2.0 577 47
C
2.5 786 180
N
3.0 1060 70
O
3.5
Ne
4.0
Na
0.9 418
Mg
1.2 590 632 661 648 653 716 762 757 736 745 908 577
Al
1.5 762
Si
1.8 966
P
2.1
1000 200 1260 364 1520 (S +532)
S
2.5 941
Cl
3.0
Ar
1140 342 1350
K
0.8 402 548
Ca
1.0 636
Sc
1.3 669
Ti
1.5 653
V
1.6 694
Cr
1.6
Mn
1.5 699 724
Fe
1.8 745
Co
1.8 803
Ni
1.8 732
Cu
1.9 866
Zn
1.6 556
Ga
1.6 707
Ge
1.8 833
As
2.0 870
Se
2.4
Br
2.8
Kr
1010 314 1170
Rb
0.8 376 502
Sr
1.0 540
Y
1.2 531
Zr
1.4 760
Nb
1.6
Mo
1.8 770 762
Tc
1.9 841
Ru
2.2 887
Rh
2.2 866
Pd
2.2 891
Ag
1.9
Cd
1.7 1010 590
In
1.7 716
Sn
1.8 703
Sb
1.9 812
Te
2.1 920
I
2.5
Xe
1040
Cs
0.7 381 510
Ba
0.9 669
La
1.1
Hf
1.3
Ta
1.5
W
1.7
Re
1.9
Os
2.2
Ir
2.2
Pt
2.2
Au
2.4
Hg
1.9
Tl
1.8
Pb
1.8
Bi
1.9
Po
2.0
At
2.2
Rn
Fr
0.7
Ra
0.9
Ac
1.1
8. Atomic and ionic radii of the elements

30
H
154 (1) 152 112
Atomic radius (1012 m) Element

88 77 70 66 58
He
Li
68 (1+) 186
Be
30 (2+) 160
Ionic radius (1012 m)
B
16 (3+) 143
C
260 (4) 117
N
171 (3) 110
O
146 (2) 104
F
133 (1) 99
Ne
Na
98 (1+) 231
Mg
65 (2+) 197 160 146 131 125 129 126 125 124 128 133
Al
45 (3+) 141
Si
42 (4+) 271 (4) 122
P
212 (3) 121
S
190 (2) 117
Cl
181 (1) 114
Ar
K
133 (1+) 244
Ca
94 (2+) 215
Sc
81 (3+) 180
Ti
90 (2+) 68 (4+) 157
V
88 (2+) 59 (5+) 141
Cr
63 (3+) 136
Mn
80 (2+) 60 (4+) 135
Fe
76 (2+) 64 (3+) 133
Co
74 (2+) 63 (3+) 134
Ni
72 (2+) 138
Cu
96 (1+) 69 (2+) 144
Zn
74 (2+) 149
Ga
62 (3+) 166
Ge
53 (4+) 272 (4) 162
As
222 (3) 141
Se
202 (2) 137
Br
196 (1) 133
Kr
Rb
148 (1+) 262
Sr
110 (2+) 217
Y
93 (3+) 188
Zr
80 (4+) 157
Nb
70 (5+) 143
Mo
68 (4+) 137
Tc
137
Ru
65 (4+) 134
Rh
86 (2+) 135
Pd
138
Ag
126 (1+) 144
Cd
97 (2+) 152
In
81 (3+) 171
Sn
112 (2+) 71 (4+) 175
Sb
245 (3) 170
Te
222 (2) 140
I
219 (1) 140
Xe
Cs
167 (1+) 270
Ba
34 (2+) 220
La
115 (3+) 200
Hf
81 (4+)
Ta
73 (5+)
W
68 (4+)
Re
Os
67 (4+)
Ir
66 (4+)
Pt
Au
137 (1+) 85 (3+)
Hg
127 (1+) 110 (2+)
Tl
95 (3+)
Pb
120 (2+) 84 (4+)
Bi
120 (3+)
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
9. Covalent bond lengths

Bond Bond length (nm) Bond Bond length (nm)
HH CC C=C CC CC (in benzene) SiSi NN N=N NN PP (P4) OO O=O SS (S8) S=S FF ClCl BrBr II
0.074 0.154 0.134 0.120 0.139 0.235 0.146 0.120 0.110 0.221 0.148 0.121 0.207 0.188 0.142 0.199 0.228 0.267
CH SiH NH PH OH SH FH ClH BrH IH CO C=O CO (in phenol) CN C=N CN CN (in phenylamine) CF CCl CCl (in chlorobenzene) CBr CI SiO
0.109 0.146 0.101 0.142 0.096 0.135 0.092 0.128 0.141 0.160 0.143 0.122 0.136 0.147 0.127 0.116 0.135 0.138 0.177 0.169 0.193 0.214 0.150
10
10. Average bond enthalpies at 298 K

Bond H (kJ mol1) Bond H (kJ mol1)
HH DD CC C=C CC CC (benzene) SiSi GeGe SnSn NN N=N NN PP OO O=O SS FF ClCl BrBr II
436 442 348 612 837 518 226 188 151 163 409 944 172 146 496 264 158 242 193 151
CH SiH NH PH OH SH FH ClH BrH IH CO C=O CN C=N CN CF CCl CBr CI SiO
412 318 388 322 463 338 562 431 366 299 360 743 305 613 890 484 338 276 238 374
11
11. Organic compoundsthermodynamic data

Substance
Formula
State
H f
(kJ mol1)
G f
(kJ mol1)
S
(J K1 mol1)
methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane ethene propene but-1-ene
CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C2H4 C3H6 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C2H2 C3H4 C4H6 C6H12 C6H6 C6H6 C6H5CH3 C6H5CH2CH3 C6H5CHCH2 CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CHCl3 CH3Br CHBr3 CH3I CHI3 C2H5Cl C2H5Br
g g g g l l g g g g g g g g l g l l l l g l l g l l s g l
75 85 104 125 173 199 52 20 1 6 10 227 185 112 156 83 49 12 13 104 82 117 132 36 20 8 141 105 85
51 33 24 16 9 4 68 63 72 67 64 209 194 152 27 130 125 111 120 202 59 63 72 26 3 20 53
186 230 270 310 261 296 219 267 307 301 296 201 248 279 204 269 173 320 255 345 234 179 203 246 222 163 276
cis-but-2-ene trans-but-2-ene
ethyne propyne buta-1,3-diene cyclohexane benzene benzene methylbenzene ethylbenzene phenylethene chloromethane dichloromethane trichloromethane bromomethane tribromomethane iodomethane triiodomethane chloroethane bromoethane
12
Organic compoundsthermodynamic data
Substance
Formula
State
H f
(kJ mol1)
G f
(kJ mol1)
S
(J K1 mol1)
iodoethane chloroethene 1,2-dichloroethane chlorobenzene methanol methanol ethanol ethanol phenol methanal ethanal propanone methanoic acid ethanoic acid benzoic acid ethyl ethanoate ethanamide methylamine ethylamine urea
C2H5I C2H3Cl CH2ClCH2Cl C6H5Cl CH3OH CH3OH C2H5OH C2H5OH C6H5OH HCHO CH3CHO (CH3)2CO HCOOH CH3COOH C6H5COOH CH3COOC2H5 CH3CONH2 CH3NH2 C2H5NH2 CO(NH2)2
l g l l g l g l s g g l l l s l s g g s
31 31 166 11 201 239 235 278 163 116 166 216 409 487 385 481 320 28 49 333 28 37 47 242 285 105 52 80 94 162 166 169 175 51 110 134 152 346 392 245 264 208 314 238 127 282 161 146 219 266 295 129 160 167
13

14
12. Enthalpies of combustion

The values of the molar enthalpy of combustion (H ) in the following table refer to a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1.01 105 Pa (1 atm). c
Substance Formula State
H (kJ mol1) c
Substance
Formula
State
H c
(kJ mol1)
hydrogen sulfur carbon (graphite) carbon (diamond) carbon monoxide methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane octane cyclohexane ethene buta-1,3-diene ethyne benzene methylbenzene
H2 S C C CO CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C8H18 C6H12 C2H4 C4H6 C2H2 C6H6 C6H5CH3
g s s s g g g g g g l l l l g g l l
286 297 394 395 283 890 1560 2220 2877 3509 4194 5512 3924 1409 2542 1299 3267 3909
propan-1-ol butan-1-ol phenylmethanol cyclohexanol phenol ethoxyethane methanal ethanal benzaldehyde propanone pentan-3-one phenylethanone diphenylmethanone methanoic acid ethanoic acid benzoic acid ethanedioic acid ethyl ethanoate
C3H7OH C4H9OH C6H5CH2OH C6H11OH C6H5OH (C2H5)2O HCHO CH3CHO C6H5CHO (CH3)2CO (C2H5)2CO CH3COC6H5 (C6H5)2CO HCOOH CH3COOH C6H5COOH (COOH)2 CH3COOC2H5
1 1 l s s l g l l l l s s l l s s l
2010 2673 4056 3727 3064 2727 561 1167 3520 1786 3078 4138 6512 263 876 3227 246 2246
Substance
Formula
State
H (kJ mol1) c
Substance
Formula
State
H c
(kJ mol1)
naphthalene anthracene chloroethane bromoethane iodoethane (chloromethyl)benzene trichloromethane methanol ethanol
C10H8 C14H10 C2H5Cl C2H5Br C2H5I C6H5CH2Cl CHCl3 CH3OH C2H5OH
l s g l l l l l l
5157 7114 1413 1425 1466 3709 373 715 1371
ethanamide benzamide methylamine ethylamine phenylamine nitrobenzene urea glucose sucrose
CH3CONH2 C6H5CONH2 CH3NH2 C2H5NH2 C6H5NH2 C6H5NO2 CO(NH2)2 C6H12O6 C12H22O11
s s g g l l s s s
1182 3546 1072 1709 3397 3094 634 2816 5644
15
13. Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental and theoretical values)

The lattice enthalpy values (H lattice ) given relate to the endothermic process
MX(s) M+(g) + X(g) in which the gaseous ions of a crystal are separated to an infinite distance from each other.
Experimental values
The data in these two tables are experimental values obtained by means of a suitable BornHaber cycle.
Alkali metal halides
H lattice
(kJ mol1)
Cl
Br
Li Na K Rb Cs
Other substances
1022 902 801 767 716

H lattice
846 771 701 675 645

(kJ mol1) Other substances
800 733 670 647 619

H lattice
744 684 629 609 585

(kJ mol1)
CaF2 BeCl2 MgCl2 CaCl2 SrCl2 BaCl2 MgO CaO SrO BaO
2602 3006 2493 2237 2112 2018 3889 3513 3310 3152
MgS CaS SrS BaS CuCl AgF AgCl AgBr AgI NH4Cl
3238 2966 2779 2643 976 955 905 890 876 640
16
Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental and theoretical values)
Theoretical values
These two tables contain lattice enthalpies calculated from electrostatic principles on the basis of a purely ionic model for the crystal.
Alkali metal halides
H lattice
(kJ mol1)
Cl
Br
Li Na K Rb Cs
Other substances
1004 891 795 761 728

H lattice
833 766 690 674 636

(kJ mol1) Other substances
787 732 665 644 611

H lattice
728 686 632 607 582

(kJ mol1)
CaF2 MgO CaO SrO BaO
2611 3929 3477 3205 3042
AgF AgCl AgBr AgI
870 770 758 736
17
14. Standard electrode potentials

Oxidized species Reduced species
E (V) 3.03 2.92 2.87 2.71 2.36 1.66 1.18 0.83 0.76 0.44 0.23 0.14 0.13 0.00 +0.15 +0.17 +0.34 +0.40 +0.52
Li+(aq) + e K+(aq) + e Ca2+(aq) + 2e Na+(aq) + e Mg2+(aq) + 2e Al3+(aq) + 3e Mn2+(aq) + 2e H2O(l) + e Zn2+(aq) + 2e Fe2+(aq) + 2e Ni2+(aq) + 2e Sn2+(aq) + 2e Pb2+(aq) + 2e H+(aq) + e Cu2+(aq) + e SO42(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 2e Cu2+(aq) + 2e O2(g) + H2O(l) + 2e Cu+(aq) + e
Li(s) K(s) Ca(s) Na(s) Mg(s) Al(s) Mn(s) H2(g) + OH(aq) Zn(s) Fe(s) Ni(s) Sn(s) Pb(s) H2(g) Cu+(aq) H2SO3(aq) + H2O(l) Cu(s) 2OH(aq) Cu(s)
18
Standard electrode potentials
Oxidized species
Reduced species
E (V) +0.54 +0.77 +0.80 +1.09 +1.23 +1.33 +1.36 +1.51 +2.87
I2(s) + e Fe3+(aq) + e Ag+(aq) + e Br2(l) + e O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e Cr2O72(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e Cl2(g) + e MnO4(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e F2(g) + e
I(aq) Fe2+(aq) Ag(s) Br(aq) H2O(l) 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l) Cl(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) F(aq)
19
15. Strengths of organic acids and bases

The acid strengths in the following tables are given in terms of pKa values, where pKa = log10 Ka. The dissociation constant, Ka, values are for aqueous solutions at 298 K. Base strengths are given in terms of pKb values.
Carboxylic acids
Name Formula pKa
methanoic ethanoic propanoic butanoic 2-methylpropanoic pentanoic 2,2-dimethylpropanoic benzoic phenylethanoic
HCOOH CH3COOH CH3CH2COOH CH3(CH2)2COOH (CH3)2CHCOOH CH3(CH2)3COOH (CH3)3CCOOH C6H5COOH C6H5CH2COOH
3.75 4.76 4.87 4.82 4.85 4.86 5.05 4.20 4.31
Halogenated carboxylic acids

Name Formula pKa
chloroethanoic dichloroethanoic trichloroethanoic fluoroethanoic bromoethanoic iodoethanoic
CH2ClCOOH CHCl2COOH CCl3COOH CH2FCOOH CH2BrCOOH CH2ICOOH
2.86 1.29 0.65 2.66 2.90 3.17
20
Strengths of organic acids and bases
Phenols
Name Formula pKa
phenol 2-nitrophenol 3-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
C6H5OH O2NC6H4OH O2NC6H4OH O2NC6H4OH (O2N)2C6H3OH (O2N)3C6H2OH
10.00 7.21 8.35 7.15 4.01 0.42
Alcohols
Name Formula pKa
methanol ethanol
CH3OH C2H5OH
15.5 16.0
Amines
Name Formula pKb
ammonia methylamine ethylamine dimethylamine trimethylamine diethylamine triethylamine phenylamine
NH3 CH3NH2 CH3CH2NH2 (CH3)2NH (CH3)3N (C2H5)2NH (C2H5)3N C6H5NH2
4.75 3.36 3.27 3.28 4.20 3.07 3.36 9.38
21
16. Acidbase indicators

Colour change Indicator pKa pH range Acid Alkali
methyl orange bromophenol blue bromocresol green methyl red bromothymol blue phenol red phenolphthalein
3.7 4.0 4.7 5.1 7.0 7.9 9.3
3.14.4 3.04.6 3.85.4 4.26.3 6.07.6 6.88.4 8.310.0
red yellow yellow red yellow yellow colourless
yellow
blue blue yellow blue red red
22
17. Infrared data

Characteristic ranges for infrared absorption due to stretching vibrations in organic molecules.
Bond Organic molecules Wavenumber (cm1)
CI CBr CCl CF CO C=C C=O CC OH CH OH NH
iodoalkanes bromoalkanes chloroalkanes fluoroalkanes alcohols, esters, ethers alkenes aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters alkynes hydrogen bonded in acids alkanes, alkenes, arenes hydrogen bonded in alcohols, phenols primary amines
490620 500600 600800 10001400 10501410 16101680 17001750 21002260 25003300 28503100 32003600 33003500
23
18. 1H NMR data

Typical proton chemical shift values () relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) = 0.
R represents an alkyl group, and Hal represents F, Cl, Br, or I. These values may vary in different solvents and conditions.
Type of proton Chemical shift (ppm)
R R
CH3 CH2 R
0.91.0 1.31.4 1.41.6
R3CH
2.02.5
H 3C C R O
2.22.7
CH3
2.53.5
1.83.1 3.54.4
R
R
O R C
O R C
CH2
O
Hal
CH3
3.33.7
3.84.1
O CH2R
9.013.0
O H
4.012.0
24
H NMR data
Type of proton
Chemical shift (ppm)
RHC
CH2
4.56.0
OH
4.012.0
6.99.0
O R C H
9.410.0
25
19. 2-Amino acids

Common name Symbol Structural formula
H2N CH CH3 COOH
pH of isoelectric point
alanine
Ala
6.0
H2N
CH CH2
COOH CH2 CH2 NH C NH NH2
arginine
Arg
10.8
H2N
CH CH2
COOH C O NH2
asparagine
Asn
5.4
aspartic acid
Asp
H2N
CH CH2
COOH
2.8
COOH
cysteine
Cys
H2N
CH CH2
COOH
5.1
SH
H2N
CH CH2
COOH CH2 C O NH2
glutamine
Gln
5.7
glutamic acid
Glu
H2N
CH CH2
COOH
3.2
CH2 COOH
glycine
Gly
H2N
CH2
COOH
6.0
26
2-Amino acids
Common name
Symbol
Structural formula
H2N CH CH2 N COOH H N
histidine
His
7.6
isoleucine
Ile
H 2N CH3
CH CH
COOH
6.0
CH2 CH3
H2N
CH CH2
COOH
leucine
Leu
CH3
6.0
CH3
CH
H2N
CH CH2
COOH CH2
lysine
Lys
9.7
CH2 CH2 NH2
H2N
CH CH2
COOH CH2
methionine
Met
5.7
S CH3
H2N
CH CH2
COOH
phenylalanine
Phe
5.5
proline
Pro
H N
COOH
6.3
serine
Ser
H2N
CH CH2
COOH
5.7
OH
H2N
CH CH
COOH
threonine
Thr
CH3 OH
5.6
27
2-Amino acids
Common name
Symbol
Structural formula
H2N CH CH2
N H
COOH
tryptophan
Trp
5.9
H2N
CH CH2
COOH OH
tyrosine
Tyr
5.7
H2N
CH CH
COOH
valine
Val
CH3 CH3
6.0
28
20. Structural formulas of some important medicines and drugs

CH3
O C OH O C O CH3
OH
CH2
C H
CH3
NHCOCH 3
CH3
C H
COOH
aspirin
paracetamol (acetaminophen)
ibuprofen
CH2 CH2 O
OH
CH3 N
CH2 CH2 O
OH
CH3 N
CH2 CH2
OCCH3
CH3
O O
OH
OCH3
OCCH3
morphine
codeine
heroin
O
OH
CH3 N
H3C
CH2 NH CH3
CH2
CH CH3
NH2
HO
CH
N O N CH3
HO
amphetamine
epinephrine (adrenaline)
caffeine
29
Structural formulas of some important medicines and drugs
O R C NH S
CH3 O
CH3 CH3
N
O
N C OH O
Cl
CH3
nicotine
penicillin
diazepam (Valium)
CH3 O N
O HN N
N H
O2N
H2 N
HO
N CH2 CH2 O
N CH2
nitrazepam (Mogadon)
acyclovir
indole
CH3
O O CH3
H3 C
N CH3 O
N CH2 N NH
H3 C
CH2 O
cocaine
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
30
Structural formulas of some important medicines and drugs
O NH2 C O CH2CH2 N
CH2CH3
F 3C CH 2
CH2CH3
CH 2
NH 2 + Cl CH 2
procaine
fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac)
CH3 OH
CH3
O NH C CH2 N H 2C CH3 CH2 CH3
H3C H3C O CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
CH3
CH3
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
lidocaine
H O O P O CH 2 CH 2 H N H O CH 3 N+ CH 3
CH 3O
CH 2
CH 2
NH 2
Cl Pt
NH3
CH 3O OCH 3
Cl
NH3
psilocybine
mescaline
cisplatin
31
21. Structural formulas of some important biological molecules

CH2OH HO O H OH H H 4 OH 3 H 1 H O CH2OH O H
H H CH2OH O H 1 O HOCH2 1 2 H 3 OH O H CH2OH 4 H O H
H
2
H
2
1 OH
HO OH H
H
2
OH
OH
OH
lactose
sucrose
O C HO HO H HO C C C C H
CH2OH
retinol (vitamin A)
ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
H3C CH CH3 CH3
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH
CH3 CH3
H3 C CH CH3
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH CH3
CH3
CH2
HO
HO
cholesterol
vitamin D
32
Structural formulas of some important biological molecules
CH3
OH
CH3 CH3 H3C C O
CH3 CH3
OH
HO
estradiol
progesterone
testosterone
OH HO CH CH2 NH CH3
HO
CH2
CH NH2
COOH
HO
epinephrine (adrenaline)
thyroxine
NH2 C N HC N C C N CH N H
O C HN H2N C N C C N CH N H
O
NH2 C N C N H CH CH
adenine
guanine
cytosine
O C HN O C N H CH CH
O
O C HN C N H C CH CH3
uracil
thymine
33
Structural formulas of some important biological molecules
CH3 CH2 CH2 HO CH2 CH CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH
CH3 C CH2 CH2 CH
CH3 C CH3
H3C N Fe N O C H CH2 HOOC CH2 CH2 CH2 N N
CH
CH2
CH3
COOH
the heme group from cytochrome oxidase
NH2 N N O O P O O O P O O O P O O CH2 O N
OH OH
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
34
22. Structural formulas of some important food chemistry molecules
Some anthocyanins
quinoidal base (blue)
flavylium cation (red)
chalcone (colourless)
carbinol pseudo-base (colourless)
N Fe N
NH
HN
myoglobin
porphyrin
35
Structural formulas of some important food chemistry molecules
chlorophyll
Some preservatives
OH C(CH3)3 OH
C(CH3)3 O CH3 O CH3
2-tert-butyl-4hydroxyanisole (2-BHA)
3-tert-butyl-4hydroxyanisole (3-BHA)
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4hydroxytoluene (BHT)
36
OH HO OH C O C3H7
OH HO OH
COOC3H7
tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)
2,4,5trihydroxybutyrophenone (THBP)
propyl gallate (PG)
Some of the carotenes
alpha-carotene
beta-carotene
HO
lutein
37
HO O
astaxanthin
Some fatty acids

Fatty acid Formula
Octanoic acid Lauric acid Stearic acid Palmitic acid Oleic acid Linoleic acid Linolenic acid
CH3(CH2)6COOH CH3(CH2)10COOH CH3(CH2)14COOH CH3(CH2)14COOH CH3(CH2)7CHCH(CH2)7COOH CH3(CH2)4(CHCHCH2)2(CH2)6COOH CH3CH2(CHCHCH2)3(CH2)6COOH
38

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First examinations 2009

Chemistry Data booklet

First examinations 2009

Diploma Programme Chemistrydata booklet

Printed in the United Kingdom by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire

20. 21. 22.

Chemistry data booklet

1. Some relevant equations

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

Mass (kg) Charge (C)

1.672648 1027 1.602189 1019

9.109534 1031 1.602189 1019

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Chemistry data booklet

4. Names of the first 103 elements

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Names of the first 103 elements

International Baccalaureate Organization 2007

Chemistry data booklet

5. The periodic table

Chemistry data booklet

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6. Melting points and boiling points of the elements

Chemistry data booklet

7. First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the elements

First ionization energy (kJ mol 1)

Electron affinity (kJ mol 1)

1000 200 1260 364 1520 (S +532)

1140 342 1350

1010 314 1170

Chemistry data booklet

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8. Atomic and ionic radii of the elements

Atomic radius (1012 m) Element

Ionic radius (1012 m)

Chemistry data booklet

9. Covalent bond lengths

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10. Average bond enthalpies at 298 K

HH DD CC C=C CC CC (benzene) SiSi GeGe SnSn NN N=N NN PP OO O=O SS FF ClCl BrBr II

CH SiH NH PH OH SH FH ClH BrH IH CO C=O CN C=N CN CF CCl CBr CI SiO

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11. Organic compoundsthermodynamic data

methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane ethene propene but-1-ene

51 33 24 16 9 4 68 63 72 67 64 209 194 152 27 130 125 111 120 202 59 63 72 26 3 20 53

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Organic compoundsthermodynamic data

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12. Enthalpies of combustion

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naphthalene anthracene chloroethane bromoethane iodoethane (chloromethyl)benzene trichloromethane methanol ethanol

C10H8 C14H10 C2H5Cl C2H5Br C2H5I C6H5CH2Cl CHCl3 CH3OH C2H5OH

5157 7114 1413 1425 1466 3709 373 715 1371

ethanamide benzamide methylamine ethylamine phenylamine nitrobenzene urea glucose sucrose

CH3CONH2 C6H5CONH2 CH3NH2 C2H5NH2 C6H5NH2 C6H5NO2 CO(NH2)2 C6H12O6 C12H22O11

1182 3546 1072 1709 3397 3094 634 2816 5644

Chemistry data booklet