( mcc@iii.org.

tw )
1

2010.05.26.

1)
2)

3)

4)

Facebook

Google

Source: 02/2009
www.spectrum.ieee.org
4

Paradigm Shift

My Yahoo

Google

Salesforce

Open Table

Consumer Web Platforms

3
2
Traditional Open Source Outsourcing

SW

$4000/user
(one time)

Support $800/user/
year

Management

$0/user

$1600/user/
year

Hybrid Hybrid+

$4000/user $4000/user
(one time) (one time)
$800/user/
year

$800/user/
year

$300/user/
month

Bid
$150/user/
<1300/user
month
/month
@H

@C

@H

Source:
Timothy Chou, Seven Business Models,
2008
9

@C

@H

@C

SaaS Internet
<$100/
user/
month

Ads
Transactions
Embedded
(< $10/user/
Month)

Definition

10

Grid Computing

(US NIST, 2009)

Cloud
Services &
Computing
a Disruptive New Paradigm

Software
as a
Service

Utility
Computing

Year 1990
Parallel
Computing

Year 2009
Resource as a
metered service

Applications
via subscription
11

Internet applications
through virtualization

Hybrid Clouds

Private
Cloud

Community
Cloud

(SaaS)

Public Cloud

(PaaS)

(IaaS)

Source:
NIST, 2009

Massive Scale

Resilient Computing

Homogeneity

Geographic Distribution

Virtualization

Service Orientation

Low Cost Software

Advanced Security

12

1/2

13

2/2
3-Layer
Architecture

Software-as-aService (SaaS)

Platform-as-aService (PaaS)
Infrastructure-asa-Service (IaaS)

IBM

FP7

Forrester
Research

People Service

User

WebSoftbased
wareService aaS

Service

ApplicationComp.-aaS

Business
Service
Application
Service

Platform
Service

Infrastructure
Service
14

ServicePlatform-aaS
Virtualization

Virtual-IaaS

Physical

Physical-IaaS

2009
1990

(Cloud Computing)
(SaaS)
(Utility Computing)

(Grid Computing)

IT

1960
90

Virtual Server

2008

2001
Virtual Application Virtual Services

Virtual Platform

MIC
15

Market
Segmentations
16

(1/2)
2013

1500

Source:

2009
17

26%

(2/2)

Source:
18

2009

(SaaS)

(PaaS)

(IaaS)

19

2007

30%

Amazon
20

Public Cloud Vendors

Source: The 451 Group, 10/2008

21

Vendors Created Private Clouds

Source: The 451 Group, 10/2008

22

SaaS Maturity Level

by Forrester Research

23

Ecosystem
24

Cloud Computing Ecosystem (by Forrester 2008)

(7) Cloud Devices

Sa
aS

(2) Web-based Services

(1) SaaS
System Integrator End users

Example: Maps End users

(3) PaaS- App-components

Pa
aS

Google Maps API

UrMap

Yahoo!Map API IT vendors

(4) PaaS- Platform-only

Google App Engine Force.com IT vendors

(5) IaaS- Virtual

Ia
aS

Amazon EC2

Akamai IT vendors

(6) IaaS- Physical

Savvis IT vendors
25

2009.9.129.

mark.baker@computer.org
26

27

20
100
300
2,400

/
MSN
Live ID

/
/
/
5

50
(

Facebook

Source: www.spectrum.ieee.org 02/2009

28



2012

(Green Data Center)

Source:
iThome, 2009
29



http://www.china-cloud.com

http://www.chinacloud.cn

30

Core Technology

31

2009

2010
32

Source: Tashi output from Open Cirrus, 2010

33



Virtualization
Virtual Desktop
Layer Architecture
Multi-tenancy
Cluster Computing

34

(Virtualization)
(virtual machine monitor, hypervisor, or virtualization
layer)
(
)

(devices)
systems)

(operating

Source: Mendel Rosenblum

Stanford U., 1998
Linus, Window,
NetBSD
Xen, KVM, VMWare

35

Virtual Resources
 Substitutes for real resources: same interfaces/functions, different attributes.
 Part of a physical resource or may span multiple physical resources.
Virtualization a substitution process
 Creates virtual resources and "maps" them to real resources.
 Primarily accomplished with software and/or firmware.
Resources
 Components with architected interfaces/functions.
 Usually physical. May be centralized or distributed.
 Examples: memory, disk drives, networks, servers.

Source: 2006
Jim Rymarczyk,
IBM Fellow

 Separates presentation of resources to users from actual resources

 Aggregates pools of resources for allocation to users as virtual resources
36

Virtual
Resources

Sharing

Virtual
Resources

Aggregation

Resources

Resources

Examples: LPARs, VMs, virtual disks, VLANs Examples: Virtual disks, IP routing to clones
Benefits: Resource utilization, workload
Benefits: Management simplification,
manageability, flexibility, isolation
investment protection, scalability
Resource
Type Y

Virtual
Resources

Virtual
Resources

Insulation

Emulation
Resource
Type X

Add, Replace,
or Change

Resources

Resources

Examples: Arch. emulators, iSCSI, virtual tapeExamples: Spare CPU subst., CUoD, SAN-VC
Benefits: Compatibility, investment protectionBenefits:
,
Continuous availability, flexibility,
interoperability, flexibility
investment protection
37

(Open Source Cloud Stack)

Open Cirrus

Reservoir

Globus/Nimbus

OpenNebula

Open Cloud
Consortium

TeraGrid

PlanetLab

EmuLab

Red Hat

EUCALYPTUS

Spring Source

10gen

38

Google

Salesforce

Amazon

Microsoft

Enomaly

IBM ( )

HP ( )

Source: Intel 2009

-

--

--

Frameworks

MapReduce,
App Engine

EMRHadoop

Azure

--

--

--

--

EC2, Xen

Fabric Controller

Borg

--

Fabric Controller

GFS, BigTable

S3, EBS

SQL service,
blobs, tables,
queues

Borg

Borg

Fabric Controller

Borg

--

Fabric Controller

SaaS

PaaS
Software Infra
Virtualization
Job Scheduling

IaaS

Storage
Management
Monitoring
Hardware Infra

39

Publicly accessible

Applications

Open Cirrus
Publicly accessible

SaaS Applications
PaaS Frameworks

Software Infra
Virtualization

IaaS

Job Scheduling
Storage
Management

Source:
http://opencirrus.org 2009

Monitoring
Hardware Infra
40

Facebook

Web Servers

Scribe Servers
Hiv
e

Analysts

Qu
er

Network
Storage

ies

es
i
r
ma
m
Su

Hadoop Cluster
MySQL

Oracle RAC
41

42

43

1/3
Cloud in Hype Cycle 1/2

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle 2009

44

44

2/3
Source:

45

7/2009

3/3
Source:

46

7/2008

Source: www.cloud-standards.org
47

Opportunities
48

1/2


26%

(ITeS)







49

2/2







ERPSaaS


(cloud
appliance)
50

Challenges
51

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

lower up-front costs

faster time to market
reduced financial risk
lower CapEx
lower OpEx
downtime
and delays

7)
52

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

53

locked-in

54
54

55

Reputation Fate
Sharing

Offer reputation-guarding
services like those for email

Source: Above the Clouds, UC Berkeley, 2009

56
56

Summary
57

1
2


26%




100





58

IBM 1964
59

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Forrester Research, SaaS Maturity Model, 2008.

Forrester Research, Cloud Ecosystem, 2009.
Gartner, Sizing the Cloud, 2009.
Gartner, Hype cycle for emerging technology, 2008, 2009.
IBM, Virtualization Technology Outlook, 2006.
Open Cirrus, Open Cirrus: A Global Testbed for Cloud Computing
Research, IEEE Computer, April 2010.
UC Berkeley, Above the Cloud, 2009.
2008.8.
2009.9.
2010.5.19.
2010.2.
2010.5.10.
2009.9.

60