IGC-208

1999

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY

KALDIS: A COMPUTER CODE SYSTEM FOR CORE DISkWPTIVE

ACCIDENT ANALYSIS OF FAST REACTORS
R. Harish, IXathiasheela, G.S. Srinivasan, and Otn Pal Singh

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT

KALDIS is a computer code system developed to analyse the pre-disassembly

phase, disassembly phase and mechanical work potential calculations of core disruptive
accidents in fast reactors. The code system essentially consists of 2 sets of codes, that is,
PREI)IS, an in-house developed code for analysing the pre-disassembly phase and
VENUS II, an ANL code for analysing disassembly phase. Mechanical work potential
calculation module developed at IGCAR has been incorporated in the code VENUS 11.
The report describes in detail the various models involved in the pre-disassembly phase
calculations, and a brief description is given on disassembly phase calculations and
mechanical work potential calculations, The report also includes a sample problem input
and output for a ULOF transient.

KALDE3: A COMPUTER CODE SYSTEM R(3R CORE DISRIJP1WE ACCIDENT

ANALYSIS OF FAST REACTORS
R. Harish, T. Sathiyasheela, G. S. Srinivasan and Om Pal Singh
1.

INTRODUCTION

A Core Disruptive Accident (CDA) may get initiated if there is a mismatch between
bleat generation and heat removal. This is possible by reactivity transient (heat generation >
heat removal) or by transient under cooling. There are sufficient design provisions in fast
reactors to preclude these transients [1,2,3], The probability of such CDA is less than 10-6
per reactor year and hence these accidents are called Beyond Design Basis Accidents
(BDBA). The analysis of these accidents is normally carried out with optimistic assumptions
and not the conservative [4] to provide design measures to mitigate the consequences of
these accidents and planning the emergency evacuation procedures.
.

The analysis of CDA is carried out by dividing the accident progression in different
phases depending upon the physical phenomena and time scale involved. On the initiation of
the accident, the calculations are pefiormed for core neutronics, reactivity feedbacks, thermal
hydraulics, sodium boiling and fiel and clttd melting and slumping till the fhel temperature at
peak power node reaches the boiling point and/or reactor attains super-prompt criticality.
This is called the pm-disassembly phase. Beyond this point, accident progression is fast, fbel
starts dispersing, reactivity effect of fhel displacement dominate and the time scale is so short
(of the order of milliseconds) that all the feedbacks other than Doppler and fbel displacement
can be ignored. The core loses its integrity. This phase is called the disassembly phase. Predisassembly phase provides the initial conditions for the disassembly phase. The phase lasts
till the reactor attains subcriticality (~ff = 0.95) due to fbel dispersal. At the end of the
disassembly phase, though the reactor is in shut down state neutronically, core is still
expanding and the thermal energy release is capable of doing mechanical work. Total
mechanical work potential is calculated assuming the isentropic expansion of the fiel vapour
into the available volume or atmospheric pressure. This phase is the mechanical workpotential phase. The schematic of the analysis sequence is given in Fig. 1. A computer code
package called KALDIS has been developed to analyse all the above three phases. That is,
the pre-disassembly phase, the disassembly phase and the mechanical work-potential phase.
This report describes the details of the modeling of the physical phenomena involved in the
various phases of the accident and presents some sample results.
The other aspects like the mechanical and thermal impact of the accident on the main
vessel, sodium release in the reactor containment buildlng (RCB) and the subsequent pressure
and temperature rise due to sodium fire, radiological source term in RCB and radiation dose
rates outside RCB are also evaluated but by different groups of scientists and engineers at
IGCAR.
KALDIS employs 2-codes, i.e., PREDIS: the code for pre-disassembly phase analysis
and VENUS-II: the code for disassembly phase analysis and the evaluation of mechanical
work potential for the thermal energy release in the accident. The PREDIS code has been
*Reactor Physics Divisio~ IGC~

Kalpakkam.
1

developed at IGCAR Kalpakkam. The code VENUS-II was developed at ANL, Illinois, USA
[5]. The calculation of mechanical work potential at the end of the disassembly phase is
incorporated in the code VENUS-II using the formulation given in [1].

DISASSEMBLY PHASE
I
I

Figure 1: Calculation Sequence in KALDIS

II.

PHYSICAL MODELS AND BASIC EQUATIONS

PREDIS

The code PREDIS assumes a 2-D cylindrical model fix the reactor core with
hexagonal cross section for the subassemblies. It also assumes an upper axial blanket and a
lower axial blanket. A radial blanket surrounds the central core, All the calculations are done
within these regions. The flow diagram of the code PREDIS is given in Fig. 2. The details of
both the codes are discussed below.
The code PREDIS uses a single pin model, The entire reactor is divided into several
radial cylindrical rings depending on the flow zoning of the reactor. Different rings have
different number of subassemblies and each subassembly has fixed number of pins. All
calculations are done for a representative pin in the ring. This is a conservative approach.
There is considerable variation of linear heating rate in the axial direction. Hence, the axial
height of the core is divided into several axial meshes, The calculations are done for the
product of the number of radial rings (meshes) and the number of axial meshes in the reactor.
The schematic of the reactor geometry and the single iiel pin are given in Figs. 3 and 4
respectively.

lhemodelling in the code on modular basis is described below.

Some calculations are carried out in the main program itself, First the input data is
read, Steady state linear power and temperature calculations are done for two powers: the
nominal power of P. and a higher power. The temperature differences corresponding to these
two powers are converted to temperature and power coefficients.
2

.,
.

START

READ INPUT

& /t=o

t>()
POINT KINETICS

FEEDBACK

F!5
t=()

_-+

TRANSIENT
TEMPERATURES

TEMPERATURE
ANQ POWER
COEFFICIENTS

IFPROBLEM CONT$UES

IFPROBLEM ENDS

STOP

TRANSIENT
L

Vigure 2: Flow Diagram of PREDIS Code

OUTPUT

UPPER AXIAL BLANKET

CORE-1

CORE-2

MIXAI.
BLANKET

LOWER AXIAL BLANKET

..

Figure 3: 2-D (R - Z Geometry) Schematic of Reactor

Figure 4: Schematic of Fuel Pin Geometry

.

The fuel, clad and coolant temperatures are calculated by the following equations valid for
steady state.

T(r,z) = Tf,(z) + q(r,z) (1 - r2/a2)/hl

(1)

Tf,(z) = T~i(z)+ q(r,z)/hz

(2)

T,(r,z) = T,o(z) + q(r,z)/hs

(3)

T,.(z) = Tc(z) + q/~

(4)

T{r,z) is the temperature of the fiel pin along the radial and axial directions. Tfi(z) is
the temperature of the fuel surface at z. T,i(z) is the clad inner surface temperature at z. T,.(z)
is the temperature of the clad outer surface temperature at z. T,(r,z) is the clad temperature at
(r,z). Tc(z) is the bulk temperature of the coolant at z, which is calculated by the equation,
(5)

dTc(z)/dz = q(r,z)/(Ccv)
where,
linear power at mesh (r,z) (W/cm)
4nKf (W/cm.C)
2nbh~ (W/cm.C)
2nK~ln(c/b) (W/cm.C)
2nch (W/cm.C)
fiel thermal conductivity (W/cm.C)
steel thermal conductivity (W/cm.C)
fiel pellet radius (cm)
clad inner surface radius (cm)
clad outer surface radius (cm)
coolant flow velocity (cm)
fuel centre line temperature (at r=O) (C)
coolant specific heat (J/cm.C)
gap conductance between fhel and clad (W/cm2.C)
melting temperature of fiel (C)
average fiel temperature (C)
sodium saturation temperature (C)

q(r,z)
hl
h2
h~
h
Kf
K,

c
v
TfC

c.
h~
T.
Tfi.l
T,,~
A.

Point Kinetics Module

The point kinetics model is assumed to be adequate to calculate the neutronics

because of tight neutronic coupling in medium sized LMH3Rs. Six groups of delayed
neutrons are used for the calculations. The equations for power and the precursor
concentrations are,
dP(t)/dt = (p(t)-~) P(t)/A + Z
dCj(t)/dt = ~jP(t)/A - LjCj(t)
where,
t

time (s)

hj Cj(t)
forj=l,...,6

(6)
(7)

P(t)
~j
P
?Lj
Cj
A
1
km

total neutronic power (W)

delayed neutron fraction of the jti group
~j=l,6

pj = total

delved

neutron

= fhp

fraction

decay constant of the jti precursor (s-l)

delayed neutron precursor concentration of the jti group (W)
prompt neutron generation time = l/kw (s)
prompt neutron lifetime (s)
effective multiplication factor

The net reactivity p is calculated as a sum of any external reactivity

reactivity pm. The feedback reactivity pfi is given by
pfb

+ Pf,axexp + %,axexp + Pf,radexp + (%,rad=xp+ %wrap + Pc, w

p..

ml

the

feedback

Pvoid+

Ptbmmd-ax + Pflbound,l-2 + ~~bound,core-radbl+ Pcr + Pgp + Ihnrp

(8)

The vario~s components of reactivity are described in the section on feedback,

The method of solution is based on the scheme used in the point kinetics code,
ALREK-111developed in ANL using the methodology by Cohen [6]. The predictions of the
point kinetics module have been checked against analytical predictions for step change in
reactivity [7].
B.

Heat Transfer Module

The heat transfer calculations from fiel pinto the coolant is effected in one of the two
ways. The first is by using lumped heat transfer model and the second is by solving the
Fourier heat conduction equations. The former method is fast and easy to use but is
approximate in the sense that it assumes the same temperature profile during the transient as it
existed during the steady state. Also it gives one representative temperature each for the fiel,
clad and coolant in each mesh. The fiel melt fraction is also calculated in an approximate way
using the average temperature calculated by lumped heat transfer model. The lumped model is
good for slow transients and thin pins, However, for more accuratecalculations, (ex: study of
fast transients, calculation of fission gas release) it is desirable to use the exact heat conduction
model and calculate the temperatures in the fiel, clad and coolant at as many points (pellet &
clad) as desired. The method is accurate and useful in fiel mechanics but slow in computation
as compared to the lumped model because of the requirement of iteration techniques.
1.

Lumped model of heat transfer

The temperatures in each mesh are calculated by solving the mass-momentum and
energy balance equations by finite difference method. The time step chosen is determined by
the requirement of the point kinetics calculations (see above). The equations are solved in one
phase or two phases as required. The lumped model is found to be adequate for accident
analysis. The calculations below are for unit length of the fuel pin.
The single phase equations are given below:

Energy balance equations for each channel at a given axitil position are:
(9)

Cf (dT~dt) = q - hf, (Tf - T,)

C, (dT,/dt) = hf,(Tf - T,) -h,c (T, - Tc)
C. (dT~dt) = h,C(T, - Tc) - C.

(dT~dz)

(lo)
(11)

The heat transfer coefficients usedin the (9-11) are given by

l/hf, = U2h1 + l/hz + l/2h3
llh,. = l/2h3 + llh
h= K(5 + 0.025 (Re.Pr)O8)/de
de= 4A/211c = hydraulic diameter= 4*flow area/perimeter
Re,.Pr = (pCvde/p).(yC+iQ
Tf
=
average fiel temperature (C)
T,
=
average clad temperature (C)
TC
=
average coolant temperature (C)
Cf =
specific heat of fhel per unit length (W/cm,C)
c,
=
specific heat of clad per unit length (W/cm.C)
A=
cross sectional area of the flow (cm2)
thermal conductivity of the coolant (W/cm.C)
L=
viscosity of the coolant (g/cm.s)
P=
pc
=
density of the coolant (g/cm3)

(12)
(13)

The equations (9-1 1) are solved by the finite difference method. In equation (11) the
term dTJdz is the gradient of coolant temperature in the axial direction calculated by taking
the difference of coolant temperatures in the successive meshes. The equations are applied to
calculate the temperatures in all the meshes in the reactor. Since lumped model is used for the
calculations in the transient, the initial conditions are obtained by averaging the fuel
temperature in the pellet, and in the clad. The initial condition for the coolant is the bulk
temperature calculated in the steady state.
It should be noted that the temperature profiles in fiel, clad and coolant are not
calculated in lumped model. Also constant values of thermal conductivities for the materials
are used, The temperature dependent thermal conductivities are used when exact heat
conduction equations are solved, where spatial distribution of temperatures are calculated,
which is discussed in the next section,
When the average fiel temperature reaches the melting point, the fraction of molten
fhel ~ as well as the fiel temperature after the latent heat has been absorbed is calculated as
follows. The average temperature of fiel is calculated as though no melting has taken place
(specific heat = constant) and the excess temperature above the melting point, multiplied by
the specific and divided by the latent heat of fhsion is taken as the fiel melt fraction,
f= Q (Tf. T.)~

(14)

Tf = T~ + (c(Tf - T~)-h)/Q

(15)
7

where,
f= melt fraction of fhel
T~= fiel average temperature calculated without latent heat of melting (C)
L~= latent heat of melting of fbel (J/g)
r{ = fuel temperature above its reeking point (C)
q= specific heat of fiel (J/g.C)
2.

Exact model of heat transfer (Fourier law)

To study the behaviour of heat transfer, the following second order partial differential
equations are solved.

c, p, (dr$dt) = & V2 T,

(17)

c. P. A.(n@t)

(18)

= ha. (T, - T.) - c@GAv(&r~dZ)

where,
Cs
cc

=
=

specific heat of steel (J/g.C)

specific heat of coolant (J/g.C)
density of fhel (g/cm3)
Pf
=
p,
=
density of steel (g/cm3)
In the case of steady state equations (16-18) can be solved analytically [8]. The
temperatures are given by the equations (l-5).
In the transient state, the equations (16-18) are descretised and converted into a set of
algebraic equations, which can be put in ma~rixfo~. The matrix equation is given below,
~

TfI
Tfz
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Arl Ar2
Ar3

T*s

TfI.l

T~l

TsI

T.rv.
~

T8n

T..

____

Gap

ArL ArL+l

Brl

I
I
B,?

Cooiant
I
I
BrN BKN+I

A,, -P,, O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
A,, -P,, O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-k
0
-Pf3 AfB -p,,
o
0
h4
%4
-P:s 0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
o
o
0
0
-P,, A,, -Pf, O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -p,, Af~
0
Pf7000000
o
0
0
0
0 -p,, Af7 -P,,
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
:,8
-;,,
O
0
0
0
0
+,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
b
.% +,,
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -P,Io A,,. -p,,, :
:
:
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 k
ABI -(L2 o
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -IL? A,z -p., :
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
A,s --:
-gs3
0
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
00
-bcl
,

(19)

where,
Q = volumetric heat generation rate (W/cm)
Afl = lhxfl + ~n
Afi = l/cxfi+ ~fi+ ~fi+l
~i = l/~i + ~Si+ ~Si+l
& =1/w3 + pa + p,.
&o= lhxco+ pm
~fi = 2At /~<Ari+12 - Ar;z),
(x, i= 2At /c,p,(Bri+12- Bri2)
ct,o= c,pC(C2-B,42)/ At + h,cB,i
p.= [Krfr)Ar2 / (AI-2+AW2A3-J ]
~fi =
pm=

[&@)Ari/
K~T)kII

(Ari+t-Ari-1)

i=2,3,.,10
i=l,2

i=l,2...,lo
i=l,.,3

i=3,4,.,10

/ (z~mfh-fb)

h&3rl/2
~,~= K@rJ(Br~-Br~)
DO= K@rq/(Bri-Br~)
pm= h,~rd
DI = Tfl [1/c@z] + Tt2[@2]+ @[&%2]
Di = Tfi.lt [pi] +Tfit [1/Ct,fi-(3fi-~fi+
l]+Tfi+I[~fil-l]+Qi[~i+12-&2]
~,1 =

i= 2,3,..,,9
[~sl]+Qi[Ar102-Ar112]
DIO= T@t[pi] +Tfl$ [l/~flo-~flo-~S1]+TS1
DU = Tf10[~,1] + T,lt[l/%l- Pw~s2] + h [bs21
Dlz = T,: [~,z] + T,2[UCX,Z~,2-~,s]+ T,St[~,3]
D13= T,; [~,3] + T,@%3- P,3-P..] + To [IL]
D14 = T,3[B,3]+ T,z[1/cx.0-~,0-ccvp.(C2-B,42)/Az]
-+TcZ.lt[cCvpC(C2-Br42)/Az
]

where the superscript t refers to temperatures at time t, At is the time step and Az is
the axial height of the mesh.
The solution of the equation (19) is obtained by using the Thomas algorithm [9], The
fhel melt fraction is calculated as is done in the lumped model.
From the above, the temperatures can be calculated at any location in the pin. These
are calculated at the mesh points in the pin and used as initial conditions for the solution of the
exact heat conduction model given by equations (16-18).
3.

Hot and Cold Pool Temperatures

The calculation of the hot and cold pool temperatures is effected by the following
equations. The hot pool is connected to the primary side of intermediate heat exchanger, from
which heat is transferred to the secondary side of IHX, The secondary side of IHX is not
modelled in this code. The heat transfer fi-om the primary to secondary side of lHX is
assumed to be at a steady rate and is provided as input.

(20)

dTm/dt = (Qm - QHO)/GIp

CIHXdTmx/dt = Q c, (THP- TEES) - HER

(21)

dTcp/dt = Q c, (TIHX TcP)/CcP

(22)

QHI = Q

(23)

C. Tcout

(24)

QHO = Q C. THP

where,
mass flow rate through the core (g/s)
heat capacity of the hot pool (J/C)
heat capacity of the cold pool (J/C)
heat capacity of the IHX (J/C)
average temperature of IHX (C)
heat transfer fkom primary to secondary side of lHX (W)
core outlet temperature (C)
hot pool temperature (C)
cold pool temperature (C)

Q=

4,

cHp
Ccp
cm

=
=

Tm
Hw
TCOti
THp
TCP

=
=
=
=
=

Thermocouple Temperatures

The thermocouple temperatures are calculated by the following equations. The

portion of the subassembly above the core top is divided into two portions labelled 1 and 2.
The temperature of the coolant and the structural material are calculated at the end of these
regions by a simple finite differencing, by the heat transfer equations described below. The
thermocouple temperatures are also calculated making use of the time constant. The
thermocouple temperatures are not used in any finther calculations and are only meant to
initiate trips based on the core outlet temperature rise.
Cl dTC1/dt= Q CC(TCi TCI)+ ~l(TCbl- TS1)

(25)

C,l dT,l/dt = htl (TCbl T,l)

(26)

Tcb~

(27)

=C(TCI+ TCi)/2

CZdTc,4dt= Q Cc(TC1 Tco)+ hti (T,z T.bz)

(28)

TCb~= (TC2+ TC,))/2

(30)

~CdTddt = T.. T~

(31)

where,
c,

heat capacity of coolant in region 1 above the core of

subassembly (J/C)

10

C2

Tt
TCi
k

Q
cc

c.

heat capacity of coolant in region 2 above the core of

subassembly (J/C)
temperature of coolant at the top of region 1 (C)
temperature of coolant at the top of subassembly (region 2) (C)
temperature of structural material at the top of region 1 (C)
temperature of structural material at the top of subassembly
(region 2) (C)
temperature of thermocouple (C)
temperature of coolant at top of core (C)
heat transfer coefficient between coolant and structural material in
region 1 (W/C)
heat transfer coefficient between coolant and structural material in
region 2 (W/C)
mass flow rate through subassembly (g/s)
thermocouple time constant (s)

Hydrodynamics of Two Phase Flow

In the course of the accident when the sodium temperature exceeds its saturation
value, sodium vapour begins to form, It is necessary then to solve the two phase
hydrodynamics equations.
The conservation equations for two phase flow are
mass balance

(W[wg + (1 - (x)p,]+ Kvi?z = o

(32)

momentum balance
dG/i3t+ (i?/dZ)[a(&/Pg + (1 - U) G~/pi] + @/dZ + g[apg + (1 - U) PI] + (@/dZ)&= O
(33)
energy balance
(d/dt)[ap,H, + (1 - @p,H1]+ (d/dz)G[xH, + (1 - x)Hj] ~ (p(z,t)
where
x

Y
P
(p(z,t)

vapour quality
vapour density (g/cm3)
liquid density (g/cm3)
G[ + Gg, mass flow rate (g/cm2.s)
fictional pressure gradient (g/cm2.s2)
vapour enthalpy (J/g)
liquid enthalpy (J/g)
ratio of channel perimeter to cross sectional area (cm-l)
pressure (g/cm.s2)
heat flux at channel wall at time t (W/cm2)
11

(34)

acceleration due to gravity (cm/s2)

The equations for single phase flow are recovered by setting a=O. The momentum
pressure gradient can be written as
(ap/i3z)nt,tn= (d/~z)[aG#pg + (1 - @ G?/Pd = (~/~)[G2/P@X2/~ -t (1 - x)?(l - et)]

(35)

where ~ = pl/p~.

The static head term can be written in terms of ~ as

(ai~z)tit = g[W%+(l-@PIl=gPl[@3 - ~ + 11

(36)

The friction gradient is

(37)

(d@Z)fiC = flPG2(l - X)a(p?/(2plDIJ

where
a
~,~
f
;h

=
=
=
=

0.2
two phase fiction multiplier = fl(Xtt)
single phase fiction factor
channel equivalent diameter (cm)

The Lockhart-Martinelli flow parameter Xttis given by

(38)

Xtt = ((1 - x)/x))09(pJp,)05(y,/~g)

1
where
~~=vapour viscosity (g/cm.s)
p,
=
liquid viscosity (g/cm.s)
ct=ctl+cxg.

The above equations are solved by finite difference method along with the point kinetics
equations.

D.

Reactivity Feedback Calculations

The reactivity term appearing in the point kinetics equations is a sum of the external
reactivity and the feedback reactivity. The feedback reactivity term is a sum of several
components. These are the fuel axial and radial expansion, sodium expansio~ Doppler
feedback, apparent insertion of control rods and grid plate expansion. These are applicable
during normal transients. For accidents, additional feedbacks due to sodium voiding, steel
vaporisation and fiel melting and slumping become available, All the feedbacks are attributed
to change in temperature. Whereas Doppler feedback arises due to broadening of fissile or
fertile resonances, the axial and radial expansion feedbacks are due to the material density
changes. The sodium voiding and slumping and steel vaporisation feedback are due to phase
changes. Hence, the reactivity coefficients are measured in terms of the temperature reactivity

12

coefficients or the removal (or addition) worths. The removal worth (per/mesh) of fiel, steel
(structural material + clad) and coolant as also Doppler coefllcients are calculated by first
order perturbation method and used as input. These removal worths are then converted into
the temperature reactivity coefficients and used for calculating the feedback reactivity as
detailed below.
1.

Axial Expansion Feedback Due To Fuel And Steel

(39)
(40a)
(40b)

I%,wmp
= ~ AK, CGATC(l - f.lad)

2*

Sodium expansion feedback

(41)

pc,exp= x 3&wATc(l-a)
where

feedback due to axial expansion of fhel (pcm)

feedback due to axial expansion of clad (pcm)
feedback due to axial expansion of subassembly wrapper (pcm)
feedback due to expansion of coolant (pcm)
reactivity worth per mesh of fhel (pcm)
reactivity worth per mesh of clad (pcm)
reactivity worth per mesh of coolant (pcm)
volume fraction of steel in clad
linear thermal expansion coefficient of fbel (C-l)
linear thermal expansion coefficient of steel (C-l)
linear thermal expansion coefficient of coolant (Cl)
increment in fiel temperature over the steady state (C)
increment in steel temperature over the steady state (C)
increment in coolant temperature over the steady state (C)
coolant void fraction

Pf,axexp
Ps,axexp
ps,mp
Pexp

AKf
AK,
AK

f~l,d
af
as
ac
ATf
AT,
AT.
a

3.

Radial expansion feedback due to fuel and steel

The flowe~ng of the core due to heating Upof the spacer pad buttons gives rise to the
radial feedback (Fig. 5). These are calculated by accounting for the increment in the
temperature of fhel and steel at the spacer pad location. The weights Wj for other axial nodes
are calculated by assuming cantilever type bending of subassemblies. The corresponding
equations for fbel and steel are
(42)
(hdexp

= ~

(43)

2~ATJdKwj

where
13

JSP
=
pf,radexp
=
Ps,radexp
=
ATjsp =

axial node of spacer pad location

fhel radial expansion feedback (pcm)
steel radial expansion feedback @cm)
coolant temperature rise at spacer pad location (C)

SpacerPadPositj6n
Top of core /

Figure 5: Schematic of Cantilever Bending of Subassembly

The weights W, are calculated by the cantilever model shown in Fig. 5 are given by
W.= (1/2c2)~(3-zlc)
Wz = (1/2)(3 z/c-1)

O<z<c
G<z<L

The reactivity contribution due to the subassembly wrapper is given like that of clad by
(44)

PwmP= X ~,~ATc~,wr,p
where,
fa,wrap=

volume fraction of steel in subassembly wrapper,

The summations in equations (39-44) are over ail the meshes.

4.

Feedback due to axial boundary movement

The reactivity contribution due to the expansion of core into the upper blanket is given

by
.,

14

(45)

~~,bOimd.ax
c ~ AzAT~&i

the summation being over all the axial meshes in ring i and also over all the rings
where,

5*

pf,b.und-ax

reactivity due to core boundary movement axially (pcm)

Ci

reactivity due to core bounda~ movement axially per unit

length of core for ring i (pcm/cm)

Feedback due to radial boundary movement

There are two more reactivity contributions due to radial core expansion. PREDIS
assumes two enrichment zones. When the core expands radially, the expansion of the first
enrichment zone of radius RI, into the second enrichment zone at the boundary at position ~
is calculated as

~f,bouM-2
= z{~I + (Ri+l- Ri)@ArJspwj]2

- R12}Ej/(2Rl

1)

(46)

The feedback due to movement of core into the radial blanket is given by

pf,b.~b-,adbl
= ~ {[~ + (Ri+I
- Ri)~sATJsPwj]2
- R2}%/(~R~1)

(47)

The summation in equation (46) is over all meshes axially and over the rings within the
first enrichment zone. The summation in equation (47) is over all the meshes, where,

6.

RI
&
Dj

=
=

Ej

radius of the first enrichment zone (cm)

radius of the core (end of second enrichment zone) (cm)
reactivity coefficient per unit boundary movement of core into
radial blanket at axial location j (pcm/cm)
reactivity coefficient per unit boundary movement of first enrichment
zone into second enrichment zone at axial location j. (pcm/cm)

Feedback due to Doppler effect

The Doppler reactivity is calculated by
(48)

PDW
= XKDin (TJT~)
where,
K~
=
Doppler coefficient (pcm)
fuel temperature at steady state (C).
Tm
=
The summation is over all the meshes.
7.

Feedback due to sodium voiding

The coolant void reactivity is calculated as

(49)

15

The summation is over the meshes where a # 0.

8.

Feedback due to fuel slumping

The reactivity due to fiel slumping when it starts melting after the latent heat is added
is calculated in the following way. Two iGffcalculations are done, one for the complete core
and the other for the configuration where middle one third of the core has slumped into the
lower one third, and the d~erence between the two values is taken as the reactivity effect of
the complete core slumping. In case of partial fiel melting and slumping of specific riigs of
subassemblies, the difference in ~ff is appropriately weighted with the number of
subassemblies in the ring.
(50)

(%lump
= Xi(l/2)@2fM,i

where,
g
t

=
=

acceleration due to gravity (cm/s2)

time after initiation of melting (s)

slumping reactivity per unit length of ring i ($/cm)

The summation in equation (50) is over all the rings where melting has taken place.
Psl,i

9.

Feedback due to apparent insertion of control rods

The apparent insertion of control rods due to heating up of the control rod drive
mechanism is depicted in Fig. 6. The reactivity effect is given by

sodium level

control rod

core

Fig. 6: Apparent Insertion of Control Rod Drive Mechanism

(dashed lines represent the expanded core and control rod positions)

16

(51)
(52)

P., = WcrGcr

dG.,/dt = (THP-TcP-@her
.

where,

10.

Pcr

W,,
THP
T@
cCr
G.,

=
=
=
=
=

reactivity due to apparent insertion of control rods (pcm)

reactivity due to unit length of control rock (pcm/C)
temperature of hot pool of sodium (C)
temperature of cold pool of sodium (C)
time constant associated with the insertion of control rods (s)
control rod gripper temperature (C)

Feedback due to grid plate expansion

(53)
(54)

pw = WwG@

dG~dt = (TCP-TCPO-Gm)/~w
.

where,
PSP

Tcpo
~w

=
=

GW

Wm

reactivity due to expansion of grid plate (pcm)

reactivity due expansion of grid plate (pcrn/C)
temperature of cold pool of sodium in steady state (C)
time cofistant associated with the expansion of grid plate (C)
grid plate temperature (C)

The reactivity effects due to the apparent insertion of control rods and the expansion of
grid platerequire the temperatures of the hot pool and cold pool of sodium and are associated
with large time constants. They are important for transients of very long duration only. These
are not accounted for in accident analysis calculations. They are not validated against any
experiments or benchmark problems. The net reactivity wlich is a sum of the external and the
feedback reactivity terms is calculated by equation (8) and used in the point kinetics equations
after converting into absolute value.
.

VENUS-II
The disassembly code VENUS-II is discussed in detail in the ANL Report [5]. Here a
short description of the code is given.
VENUS-II is a neutron point kinetics - hydrodynamic disassembly code. The switch
over to this code is made at the end of the predisassembly phase when the core has become
either super prompt critical or has lost its integrity due to fbel melting and boiling.

The code assumes that core cooling is no longer available and hence heat transfer
calculations are not resorted to. The only available feedbacks are due to the Doppler
brodening of resonances and the hydrodynamic displacement of the molten fiel. Since, the
displacement of the core even in its molten state does not exceed a few per cent, the point
kinetics equations are assumed to hold. A short description of the calculation procedure is
given below.

17

l%epoint kinetics, equations (6-7) are solved as in the predisassernbly phase. The heat
accumulated is given by
(55)

E(t) = ~P(@dz.

Since heat transfer is not allowed, this energy is used to heat up the fiel. The temperature rise
is then governed by the specific heat. The pressure exerted by the two-phase fiel mixture as
a fimction of the temperature is given by various equations of state available in the literature.
In the present set of calculations, we use the IWGFR equation of state [10] developed for the
IJOZ-PU02fiel. The pressure gradient which develops because of the temperature gradient that
exists in the fhel as a result of the flux profile, drives the fiel outward. This outward fhel
movement is calculated by the radial and axial equations of motion ,
pf d2r/dt2 = - dP*/dr

(56)

pf d2zldt2==- dP*/dz

(57)

and

~heIWGFR equation of state is of the form,

P(T) = A+ B/T -t C in(T)

(58)

The pressure P*, is of the form

p=p+q
where

(59)

fiel vapour pressure (g/cm.s2)

c1

.-

viscous pressure (g/cm.s2)

where, A, B and C are given as input. The feedback mechanisms are only due to Doppler
effect and hydrodynamic disassembly. The Doppler feedback can be calculated for both the
cases, when sodium is present and when sodium is absent (wet and dry Doppler coefficients).
The Doppler feedback is calculated in the same way as in the predisassembly phase. The
hydrodynamic feedback is calculated by,
A~i~ = ~p~r,z,t) /p@,z,O)[Ar iN?(r,z)/ i%+ Az dY(r,z)/ i%] dv
A~i% ~
reactivity due to material dkplacement
1P
=
reactivity worth of material (cm-3)
(iv

(60)

displacement volume (cm3)

The transient terminates when the neutron multiplication factor ~ becomes less than
1.0 due to the expading core and the Doppler feedback. Usually the calculations are
terminated when km falls below 0.95.

18

Mechanical work-potential
At the end of the disassembly phase when the reactor is neutronically shutdown,
however, the core will still be in avery hot and molten state. This fuelvapom-bubble can
expand till it fills the available volume (upto cover gas volume) or till it comes into equilibrium
with the ambient pressure in the reactor. This phase is the mechanical work potential phase.
In KALDIS system, the
Tha calculation of the mechanical work is not done in VENIJS-11.
mechanical work calculations are done in a subroutine MERC at the end of the disassembly
phase. The formulation is taken from [1] and the material properties are taken from [11]. The
formulation of these calculations is given below.

The mechanical work done in expanding each mesh volume fi-om the thermodynamic
state 4 at the end of the disassembly phase to the thermodynamic state 5 (expansion up to

EM3OF 131SASSEM8LY

CRITICAL

I
LIQUID

% LID

rMELT

74)

50 LllWAPOR

FUEL ENFROPY

Fig. 7: Temperature-entropy diagram for core bubble expansion.

normal atmospheric pressure) tier the expansion of the core bubble [1].(Fig. 7)
W = Mf [CP(T4 - T5) - hf~(~s- x4)+

Rf

(x5T5-

x4T4)I

(61)

where,
T4
T5

=
=

R=
Mf
hf~

=
.

temperature of the mesh before expansion (K)

temperature of the mesh after expansion (K)
gas constant for UOZ-FUOZsystem (8.317/270 J/g.K)
mass of fhel in the mesh (g)
fbel latent heat ofvaporisation (J/g)

X4and X5are given by

X4=

(vfmf

- v14)l(vg4

(62)

- V14)

19

X5=

+ CPln(T1/T5)/hf~)

T5(XJT4

(63)

where,
V14

V84

Vf

V14

saturated liquid specific volume (cm3/g)

saturated gasspecific volume (cm3/g)
,finalmesh volume attheend of disassembly (cms)
I/p,

where
pl = 10.9277 + 1.7169E-4 T~ -6,8182E-4 Ti
V~d= Exp( 46.4564- 1.85322E-2 Ti + 2.6899E-6 Ti2-1.39106 T?) [1 1]
Ti
~
temperature of fhel at boiling point (K)
The work done thus calculated by each of these meshes is summed up over the entire
reactor to calculate the total work done by the expanding core.

III.

SAMPLE PROBLEM AND OUTPUT

We have chosen a flow coast down incident as a sample problem. The flow coast down
is given by the law,
v(t) = vo/(1 + t%)
where V. is the flow velocity at normal operating conditions and v(t) is the flow at time t, with
a flow halving time l/t Due to the decrement in the heat removal capability of the core, there
is an increase in the coolant temperature, which gives rise to positive reactivity (for medium
and large fast reactors). This leads to a power rise and hence to increase in fuel temperature,
lheincreased fiel temperature drives the Doppler feedback as also fiel expansion, which
leads to negative reactivity and decrement of power. However, the continued decrement in the
flow velocity of the coolant causes its temperature to rise monotonically. When the sodium
temperature crosses the corresponding saturation temperature, it begins to boil and after some
time there is a rapid build Upof poistive reactivity due to its voicling. The clad temperature
also rises and the inability of the coolant to remove the heat causes clad dry out and later leads
to fiel melting and slumping. This is the situation when the core loses its integrity, the reactor
isalmostat prompt critical and the switch over to the disassembly phase is done. The detailed
code description is given in the Appendix A.
Input and Output Description
The input for UNIT 15 and UNIT 16 are given in Appendix B-1 and Appendix B-2
respectively. The output file UNIT 11 is given in Appendix B-3. The detailed output file,
which can be piped from the screen, is given in brief in Appendix B-4. The file UNIT 13,
which is the input to VENUS-II is given in Appendix B-5. Some results at the end of the
disassembly phase and the results of mechanical work-potential calculations are given in
Appendix B-6,

20

A: Code Structure
The flow diagram of the code PREDIS is given on page 3. Many of the calculations
are done in the main program itself First the input is read in two files, UNIT 15 and UNIT
16. The file UNIT 15 contains the run conditions, thermophysical parameters of the reactor
materials, the geometric parameters and the kinetic parameters. It also consists of certain
input that is required by the disassembly phase code VENUS-H, The file UNIT 16 consists of
the removal worths per mesh of fbel, clad and coolant, the power densities and Doppler
coefficients. After suitable conversion into proper units, the code calculates the linear powers
and the steady state temperatures for two different steady state powers. The steady states are
used to calculate the static temperature coefficients and power coefllcients due to the various
components by making use of the feedback contributions using the subrouthe, FEEDBR.
Thereafter, the point kinetics calculations are initiated for the incident to be studied. The time
step for the calculations are controlled by choosing between the lower and upper time steps
specified in input data and the error criterion evaluated by the subroutines, DF and DSET.
The transient heat transfer calculations are done in either of the subroutines, TCTR12 or
EXIEM. The subroutine TCTR12 calculates the average temperatures in fhel, clad and
coolant as described in the text, by lumped model of heat transfer. The solution method is
fast and efficient. However, if accurate calculations are required, exact heat conduction
equations are solved in the subroutine, EXTEM. The details of the calculations are given in
the text.
If the coolant temperature in any part of the core exceeds its saturation temperature at
that single phase pressure, the subroutine, SBOIL is called to calculate the coolant void
fraction. The subroutine, FEEDBR calculates the feedback reactivity. Based on the
temperatures calculated in TCTR12 or EXTEM, the thermocouple temperatures with its time
constant are calculated by the subroutine, THCOUPLE. If the pool dynamics are to be
calculated, the subroutine, HCPOOL is called.
Module

Subroutines

Input, Steady state Heat Transfer, Temperature

and Power Coefficients and Point Kinetics
Calculations
Transient Heat Transfer
- lumped model
- exact heat conduction model
Thermocouple Temperature Calculations
1lot and cold pool temperatures
Time step and Accuracy Calculations
Feedback Reactivity Calculations
Two Phase Fluid Flow and Sodium Void Fraction
Calculations
Display of Output in Tabular Form
Input Preparation for VENUS-II

21

TCTR12
EXTEM
THCOUPLE
HCPOOL
DSET and DF
FEEDBR
SBOIL
DISPLY
PWF

Finally the input for the disassembly phase is prepared by the subroutine PWF. Below is given
a brief description of the subroutines used in PREDIS and their functions. The details of the
code VENUS-II is to be found in [5].
Input data

B.

Ihe input is read in two files. The file is UMT 15. where the mn conditions,
thermophysical properties, kinetic parameters etc., are read, The details are given below:
Card 1. (A 80)

Title

Card 2 (A 80)

Title

Card 3 (A 80)

Variable labels

Card

(1216)

R
Jx

=
.=
=

QAr~_5 (A80)

number of rings (channels) in core

number of rings in reactor (core+ radial blanket)
number of axial meshes
Variable labels

Card 6 (1216)
IGNF13

=
=
=

-.
.

if radial feedback required

0
if radial feedback not required
IAXLFB
1
if axial feedback required
0
if axial feedback not required
IDOPFB
1
if Doppler feedback required
0
if Doppler feedback not required
IKCR
1
if feedback due to apparent insertion of control rod required
0
if feedback due to apparent insertion of control rod not
required
IKGRID
=
if grid plate expansion required

.
if grid plate expansion not required
IPoO[.J
=
if pool dynamics required

-
if pool dynamics not required
Not(> : IKCR and IKGRID are effective only if IPO(.)L =1.
ICOAST
=
O
loss of flow given in the form
V(t) = VOe-t
if flow coast down not required ~ = O(see card 40)

.1
flow coast down of the form

v(t) = vo/(l +tT)

loss of flow with pipe rupture
for O<t<TRUP
V(t) + V. (1+-(FRUP-1).t/TRUP)
for TRUP < t
v(t)
==VO
FRUP
loss of flow because of pump seizure given in tabular form.
22

o
o

IE301L
Em

=
#

o
o
1

IFLO

Card 7. (A80)
.

(see card 72)

if GEM (gas entrained model) required
if GEM not required
integer chosen to print already read input data (see code for
details)
calculations to continue beyond boiling
calculations to stop at the onset of boiling
if input Doppler worth are given as Doppler coefficients, KD
(i.e. Ak~= K~ln (T~Ti))
if input Doppler worths are given as Ak~
Number of rows in tabular form ofilow if ICOAST = 3
(see card 72)

Variable labels

card ~ (1216)

#o
=0
*O
=0
=0
#o
=.o
~.1

U?SSCL
lLOCA
lPCOEF
lPREDS

steel removal by melting feedback included

steel removal by melting feedback not included
LOCA calculations done
LOCA calculations not done
calculations to continue beyond power coefficient calculation
calculations to stop after power coefficient calculations
input for VENUS-II not prepared
input for VENUS-II prepared
print detailed tabulated values of power, temp etc., in DISPLY
subroutine
otherwise
scram initiated on any trip signal
scram not initiated

JPRINT

=1

lPROT

=o
= 1
:= o

Card 9 (A80)

Variable names

card].

(1216)
IRC 1
JSP
NPJN
L12V2
L12V3
NPINBL

.Card 11 (A80)

=
=
=
~

number of rings in the first enrichment zone.

axial zone number where spacer pad buttons are placed on the
subassembly
number of pins in a fuel subassembly
axial mesh number of bottom of core
axial mesh number of top of core
number of pins in blanket subassembly (radial)

Variable names

Card 12 (6E12.5)

23

PM
ENBP
PToI?
HL
Hv
HI
Card 13 (A80)

.-

-.

upper limit of power to be allowed in the calculations (W)

upper limit of factor multiplying initial power
pressure of cover gas (atm)
lower limit of time step (s)
upper limit of time step (s)
initial time step (s)

Variable names

Card 14 (6E12,5)
AT2
AT3
TT2
TT3
Card 15.(A80)

.
.

reactivity due to apparent insertion of control rod (pcrn/ MW)

reactivity due to grid plate expansion (pcrn/MW)
time constant associated with AT2 (s)
time constant associated with TT3 (s)

Variable names

Card 16 (6E12.5)
RHOF 1
RHOS 1
RHOC1
VFF 1
VFs 1
VFc 1
Card 17 (A80)

fbel density in core (g/cm3)

steel density in core (g/cm3~
coolant density in core (g/cm:;)
volume fraction of fiel
volume fraction of steel
volume fraction of coolant

Variable names

Card 18 (61312.5)
RHOF4
RHOS4
RHOC4
VFF4
VFS4
VFc4

Card 19 (A80)

-..=
.=
.

fiel density in blanket @/cm3)

steel density in blanket (g/cm3)
coolant density in blanket (g/cm3)
volume fraction of fbel in blanket
volume fraction of steel in blanket
volume ii-action of coolant in blanket

Variable names

Card 20 (6E12.5)
CFUEL
CSTEEL
CPNA
ALFL
ALSS

~
=.
...
.-

specific heat of tiel (J/g.C)

specific heat of steel (J/g.C)
specific heat of coolant (J/g,C)
linear expansion coefficient of fiiel (C-)
linear expansion coefficient of steel ((;-l)
24

.,

ALNA
Card 21 (A80)

linear expansion coefficient of coolant (C-)

Variable names

Card 22 (6E12.5)
TMELTF
TMELTS
TFBOL
HEATF
HEATS
.Card ~~ (A80)

melting temperature of fiel (C)

melting temperature of steel (C)
boiling point of fiel (C)
heat of fusion of he] (J/g)
heat of fision of steel (J/g)

Variable names

Card 24 (6E12.5)
HW
mm
CF
Cs
cc

Card 25 (A80)

n
=
=
.

steel to coolant heat transfer coefficient (W/cm.C)

fiel to clad heat transfer coefficient (W/cm.C)
specific heat of fiel per unit length (J/cm.C)
specific heat of steel per unit length (J/cm. C)
specific heat of coolant per unit length (J/cm.C)

Variable names

Card 26 (6E12.5)
H1OMP

H20MP

H30MP

H40MP

flird 27 (A80)

fuel central line to fiel surface heat transfer coefficient

(W/cm,C)
fiel surface to clad inner surface (bond gap) heat transfer
coefficient (W/cm.C)
clad inner surface to clad outer surface heat transfer
coefficient (W/cm.C)
clad outer surflacecoolant heat transfer coefficient (W/cm.C)

Variable names

Card 28 (6E12.5)
H1OMI?BL
H20MPBL
H30MPBL
H40MPBL
HSCBL
HFSBL
.Card 29 (A80)

=
=.
n
R
R

same as HIOMP in blanket

same as H20MP in blanket
same as H30MP in blanket
same as H40MP in blanket
same as HSC in blanket
same as HFS in blanket

Variable names

.C.ard30 (6E12.5)

CFBL
CSBL
CCBL
FRUP

.
.
-.
.

TRu.P

Card 31 (A80)

specific heat of fhel in blanket (J/cm.C)

specific heat of steel in blanket (J/cm.C)
specific heat of coolant in blanket (J/crn.C)
minimum fraction of fiow upto which flow coasts down in case
of pipe rupture (ICOAST = 2)
time at which FRUP is attained (s)

Variable names

Card 32 (6E12.5)
REAGEM
FRC
XXNS
HYD
AREA
ALMD

Card 33 (A80)

=
=

GEM reactivity ($)

initial decay power as a fraction of total power
total number of fbel subassemblies
hydraulic diameter of flow (cm)
flow cross sectional per subassembly (cm2)
latent heat of boiling of coolant (J/g)

Variable names

Card 34 (6E12.5)
FRIC
TSLUMP
FSSCL
FSSST
AREABL
CORER
CORE1
Card 33 (A80)

-.

=
.
=

friction factor in core of subassembly

time for slumping of 1/3 of subassembly (s)
clad fraction of steel
wrapper fraction of steel
flow cross sectional area in blanket subassembly (cm2)
radius of the core (cm)
radius of the first enrichment zone (cm)

Variable names

Card 36 (6E12,5)
FRSOD
FRDOP
FDOP

=
.

DOPT1

DOPT2

Card 37 (A80)

factor for multiplying sodium void coefficient

factor for multiplying Doppler coefficient
factor to reduce Doppler coefkient from voided core to wet
core
lower value of temperature range in which Doppler coefficient is
evaluated (C)
upper value of temperature range in which Doppler coefficient
is evaluated, DOPT2 > DOPT1 (C)
.

Variable names

Card 38 (6E12.5)

26

AL
AU
FLMIN

=
=

RO
B
ELL

=
-
=

.Card 39 (A80)

lower limit for accuracy calculation

upper limit for accuracy calculation
minimum flow as fraction of total flow allowed in flow
coast down incidents (for lCOAST ==O)
step reactivity at t = Os (pcm)
delayed neutron &action
prompt neutron generation time (s)

Variable names

Card 40 (6E 12.5)

maximum time allowed for the transient study (s)
print interval for output (s)
flow coast down rate, same as z used if ICOAST = O, 1
source term for kinetics calculations (W)
reactivity insertion rate for control rod withdrawal incidents
(pCm/s)
maximum reactivity inserted by control rod withdrawal incidents
(pcm)

TIMEM
PRDEL
TAOV
s
R?R
RrRTMAx

Variable names

card 41 (A 80)
.CardLII(61312,5)

sodium saturation temperature at STP (C)

mass of tie] (t)
initial power (W)

TSATNA
ENO
Card 43 (A80)

Variable names

Card 44 (6E12.5)
PFTRIP
TTRIP
Card 45 (A80)

==.

factor multiplying ENO at which trip on power is initiated

time delay in actuating trip after trip level has been reached (s)

Variable names

~~d1~ (6E12.5)
SLUMP(I)
Card 47 (A80)

slumping reactivity in each of the rings ($/cm)

Variable names

,~ard 48 (6E12.5)

2?

axialmesh positions starting horn bottom of lower axial blanket

(cm)
card 49 (A80)

Variable names

Card 50 (6E12.5)
XNSA(I)

Card 51 (A 80)

number of subassemblies in each of the rings, E XNSA(I) =

ms

Variable names

Card 52 (6E12.5)
.RAD(I)
Card 53 (A80)

radial positions of the rings (cm)

Variable names

Card 54 (6E12.5)
V(I)
Card 55 (.480)

flow velocities in each of the rings (cm/s)

Variable names

card 56 (6E12.5)
TIN(I)
Card 57 (A80)

..

coolant temperatures at bottom of the lower blanket zones (C)

Variable names

Card 58 (6E 12.5)

FR(I)

--

normalised delayed neutron fractions of the six groups

ZFR(I) = 1

Variable names

..
.

decay constants of delayed neutron precursor (s-l)

Variable names

..-.

weight factors for calculating radial feedback due to heating of

load pad spacer buttons

28

Card 63 (A80)

Variable names

Card 64 (6E12.5)
CI(I)

Card 65 (A80)

reactivity due to core axial boundary movement to the upper

axial blanket in each of the rings (pcrn/cm)

Variable names

Card 66 (6E12.5)
DJ(J)

Card 67(A80)

reactivity due to core radial boundary movement to radial

blanket (pcrdcm).

Variable names

Card 68 (6E12.5)
EJ(I)

card 69 (A80)

reactivity due to boundary movement between first enrichment

zone and second enrichment zone (pcrrdcm)

Variable name

Card 70 (6E12.5)
TFLO(I)

_c@7_l (A80)

tabular form of time values for flows for pump seizure

(ICOAST=3) (s) (see card 72)

Variable names

.Card 72 (6E12.5)
VFLO(I)

(;ard 73 (A80)

tabular form of flow values for flows for pump seizure

(ICOAST = 3) (CI1l/S)
(I represents radial rings&J represents axial zones)

Variable names

~lard 74 (6E12.5)
FACFUEL
FACSTEEL
FACSOD
l?ACDOP

=
=

factor
factor
factor
factor

multiplying fuel worths

multiplying steel worths
multiplying sodium worths
multiplying Doppler worths

These are used for uncertainty analysis.

2!?

The following ~ards in PREDIS are used to prepare input for the disassembly phase
calculations (VENUS-II) and are read in the PWF subroutine. Additional details of the
parameters can be found in the ANL VENUS-II manual [5]
Card 75 (1216)
INDEX

IOUTA
ICYCLA
INUMBA
IOUTB
ICYCLB
10TCRT
lCYCLT
D?LPWR

IFLTHT

IFLKT
Il?LVF

VALUE read on Card 77 is the maximum number of time

steps allowed in the calculation
VALUE read on Card 77 is the maximum mesh distortion
No high accuracy data edit requested
High accuracy data edit requested
Frequency of this type of edit (ICYCLA time steps if IOUT=l)
Maximum number of time steps at which the above edit will be
made
No limited accuracy data display requested
Limited accuracy data display requested
Frequency of this type of edit (~ ICYCLA)
No plots of the spatial grid-mesh requested
plot the spatial grid mesh every lCYCLT time steps
frequency of grid mesh plots
power densities read in at reactor centre lines
power density distribution to be read at each mesh position
(choose 2)
input initial fbel temperature region wise
input initial temperature at each mesh position
initial temp determined by the code (choose 2)
input EOS indices region wise (choose 1)
input the material densities and volume i%actionsregion wise
input the material densities and volume fractions at each mesh
position (choose 1)

Card 76 (1216)
ISTEP2
lFLTMP
WLPRS
NTMPPT
NPRSPT
KNAPP

output data at each time step

time history plots not requested
temperature vs time plots requested
no plots requested
same as IFLTMP for pressure
number of mesh cells at which temperature V, time plots are
requested (< 10)
same as NTMPPT for pressure
required ifvapour pressure EOS is used
MARS EOS
ANL EOS
BNWL EOS
initial delayed neutron precursor concentration calculated
assuming steady state
30

IFLXKF

-=1

=2

IFLDP

=1

II?LDP
ISP1O

=2
=N

lSP1l

=0
=o
=1

ISP12

=o
#o

initial reactivity feedback extrapolation

coeillcients
initial reactivity feedback extrapolation coefficients
determined by fitting to date obtained in a pre-disassembly
calculation and supplied as input.
a three dimensional plot of the spatial pressure distribution is
requested every ICCLB time steps
ignore this option
calculate and edit the region wise and direction wise
displacement feedback every NUtime step
ignore this option
ignore this option
restrain the radial motion of each mesh position until the
pressure difference across it exceeds SP(l 2) and suppress all
pressures that fall below SP(13)
ignore this option
use a fixed iower-boundary condition (i,e., the upper half of a
symmetrical reactor is being specified)

,Card77 (6E12.5)
VALUE

DELT
DELTMAX
DELTMN
TSTOP

=
=
=
.

TMAX

number of time steps allowed if INDEX=l

maximum distortions allowed if INDEX=2
Initial time step size (s)
maximum allowed time step size (s)
minimum allowed time step (s)
the minimum time, t, allowed in calculating the reactivity
insertion finction if t > TSTOP, the reactivity fi.mction
t = TSTOP (S)
remains constant at the value given by
maximum allowed excursion time (s)

(S)

flmlm78 (816, 2E12, 5)

NOREG
NDELAY
ISP1
ISP2
ISP3

=
=
=
=
==0
*O

ISP4

#o
=

1SP5

*O
=0

ISP6
N%
SI?7

= AT
= T1

total number of regions

number of delayed neutron groups
time step number for first modification to the time step size
time step number for second modification to the time step size
use default values for pressure iteration parameters
override the pressure iteration parameters
apply the controlled void space option
ignore this option
override WMAX limits
use default values for WMAX
number of points in table of input reactivity versus time
for use in controlled void space option
is controlled void space option

31

(coefF.multiplied by t)

Card 79 (6E12.5)

reactivity addition rate ($/s)

coefficient multiplied by t2
lower limit for neutron multiplication factor the problem is
terminated if K< XKLIM
7Ki = A& + REXTL*t + BK*t2

REXTL
BK
XKLIM

Card 80 (6E12.5)
PPSUP
PFINAL
RHOCRT
SP1
SP2

upper limit the power is allowed to reach (W)

final power level (output power of PREDIS) (W)
critical fkel density (g/cm3)
first time step modification
second time step modification

Card 81 (6E12.5)
EI%l
EPS2
EPS3

convergence criterion used in point kinetics calculations

same as above, recommended values EPS 1=EPS2=0.O
maximum fractional power decrease allowed
maximum fractional power increase allowed
pressure iteration parameter
pressure iteration convergence parameter

EPS4
SP3
SP4

Card 82 (6EL2.5)

C!P1,CP2
CP3,CP4,CP5

coefficients for fhel specific heat used below melting point

coefficients for fuel specific heat used above melting point

card 83 (6E12.5)
=

P~PRB,PRC
?OTWO

equation of state parameters

total material reactivity worth

Card 84 (6E12.5)
DOPL~DOPLB,DOPLC, DOPLN =
Doppler broadening feedback parameters
Wr
Doppler weighting factors
#o
Card 85.(6E12.5)
TEMPNA
THWPSS
KEGTEM

T, an estimate of average sodium temperature (C)

T,, an estimate of average steel temperature (C)
average initial fhel temperature (C)

32

RHQREG
EPSI1O

-.

overall average density (g/cm3)

void fiacticm assumed in a mesh cell

Card 86 (6E12.5)
v
RF
CP
XL

PF

VFIN

XNSA

=
.

specific volume of fuel vapour (cm3/g)

specific gas constant (J/mol.K)
specific heat of fhel (J/g.C)
latent heat of fiel (J/g)
mass of fiel in core (t)
number of atmospheres to which fhel vapour to be expanded to
calculate mechanical work potential
final volume upto which expansion to be allowed to calculate
mechanical work potential (cm3)
defined previously

The second input file UNIT 16 reads the following :

card 1 (A80)

Variable name

@~_.2 (6E12.5)

((POWD (K,L), K=I, JX), L =1, DIN)

power densities (arbitrary units per unit volume) for all the meshes

.Card 3 (A80)

Variable names

,Card4 (6E12.5)

((DOP (K,L)>K=I, JX), L =1, IRN)

Doppler coefficients (pcm)
Variable name

Card 5,(A80)
Card 6 (61312.5)

((FUEL (K,L), K=I, JX), L =1, IRN)

Fuel worths per mesh

@ar~ (A80)

Variable names

Card 8 (6E12.5)

((STEEL (K,L), K=I, JX), L =1, RN)

Steel worths per mesh

Card ~}(A80)

Variable name

Card ,!0 (6E12.5)

((SOD (K,L), K=I, JX), L =1, RN)

sodium worths per mesh

c*

Out~ut description

PREDIS outputs in difllerent forms. The file connected to UNIT 11 gives the
description of the output of the transient studies every PRDEL time intervals. It contains the
time histov of fission and decay powers, period, average fuel, clad and coolant temperatures,
33

net reactivity and its components. The file is most suited for a comprehensive visual
inspection and is very usefil for plotting in any standard software.
The file connected to UNIT 13 consists of the input required for running the
disassembly code VENUS-II. The detailed description will follow at the end of this section.
At each PRDEL time interval, a complete description of the output in terms of the
detailed feedback description, power and temperatures is printed on the screen as the
calculation is in progress. It can be easily piped to an output file if required, In addition
temperature, coolant void fkactioq linear power, fiel melt fraction, distribution in space is also
printed in 2D geometric form by the subroutine DISPLY.
Output file UNIT 13
Card 1 (A79)

Title

Card 2 (216, F6.2)

IRN, ~

XNATM

number of atmospheres of pressure the core is allowed to expand at the

end of disassembly phase for evaluating mechanical work potential.

XNATM

Card 3 (1216)

INDEX IOUT~ ICYCL~ INUMB~IOIJTB, ICYCLB, IOTCRT,

ICYCLT, IFLPWE~ IFLTHT , IFLKT, I13LVF

Card 4 (1216)

ISTEP2> IFLTMP, IFLPRS, NTMPPT, NPRSPT, KTVAPP, IFLC,

IFLXKF, IFL3DP, ISP1O, ISP 11, ISP12

Card 5 (6E12.5)

VALUE, DELT, DELTMX, DELTMN, TSTOP, TMAX

Card 6,(6E12.5)

(RAD (I), 1=1, IRN+l)

Card 7 (6E12.5)

(AXZ (J), J=l, JXi-l)

Card 8 (6E12.5)

((pow

(J,I), 1=1, lR), J=l, JX)

Card 9 (816, 2E12.5) NOREG, NDELAY, ISP1, ISP2, ISP3, MP4, ISP5, ISP6, SP6, SP7
Card 10-15 (6E12.5) FR (I), EL (I), CJ(I), 1=1,6
CJ(I) = precursor decay concentrations
Card 16 (6E12,5)

DELKO, RINSRT, BK, ELL, XKLIM

DELKO = net reactivity at the end of the predisassembly phase

Card 17(6E12.5)

PPSUP, PZERO, PFINAL, RHOCRI, SP1, S112

PZERO = total power at the end of the predisassembly phase

Card 18.(6E12.5)

EPS 1, EPS2, EPS3, EPS4, SP3, SP4

34

C;ard 19 (1216)

2,2, IKN-t2, 2,2,2,

.Card 20 (1216)

~,

Card 21. (6E12.5)

Axz (Jx+l),

Card 22 (6E12.5)

1/2 ((RAD (1)+ RAD (1+1), 1=1, IRN)

Card 23 (6E12.5)

1/2 ((AXZ (J)+AXZ (J+l), J=l, JX

Card 24 (6E12.5)

((-FUEL (J, I)*lO/Vfi,1=1, NUN), J=l, JX

m m,

JX+2, IRN+2, JX+2, lREGKT

Jx

AxZ(l),

o,RAD(IRN+I)

VU,==olume of the mesh ij

Card 25(6E12,5)

CPO, CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4, CP5

Card 26 (6E12.5)

P~

Card 27 (6E12.5)

DOPLA, DOPLB, DOPLC, DOPLN, WT

Card 28 (6E12.5)

((EDOP (J, 1)*105, 1=1, RN), J = 1, JX)

Card 29 (6E12.5)

TEMPN~ TEMPSS, REGTEM, RHOREG, EPSI1O

Card 30 (6E12.5)

((TFUEL (J, I), 1=1, RN), J = 1, JX)

Card 31 (6E12.5)

((RHOF1), 1=1, Ill), (RHOF4), 1=1, RN-JR, J = 1, JX)

@d_3~ (6E12. 5)

((RHOC1), 1=1, III), (RHOC4), 1=1, IRN-1~ J = 1, JX)

Card 33 (6E12.5)

((RHOS1), 1=1, IR), (RHOS4), 1=1, IRN-Il\ J= 1, JX)

Card 34 (6E12.5)

((VFF1, 1=1, R), (VFF4, 1=1, IRN-IR), J=l, JX)

.Card 35 (6E12.5)

((VFC1, 1=1, IR), (VFC4, 1=1, IRN-IR), J==l,JX)

Card 36 (6E12,5)

((VFS1, 1=1, IR), (VFS4, 1=1, IRN-IR), J=l, JX)

card 3;z (1216)

L12V2, L12V3, IR

Cl@3~ (6E12.5)

PRA*(10)**6.O, PRB, PRC, V, RF, CP, XL, XMF, PF,

TF130L+273.0, VFIN

card 39 (6E12.5)

(XNSA (I), 1=1, IR))

PRB, PRC, TMELT, HFUSE, TOTWO

35

APPENDIXB-l
Input

File

for l?RIZIIIS
for ULOF with
(UNIT 15)

l?low Halving

~ime

of 8 s

title card
pfbr-o//dba study//lofa 8s
ir,irnrjx,ifb,iprtab
7
10
14
1
0
ignfb,iaxlfb, idopfb, ikcr, ikgrid,ipool, icoast,igem, iprint,iboil,ikd, ifl.o
3
1
11
0
1
18
0
0
0
0
1
ifssclr iloca,ipcoefr ipredsr jprint,iprot

.ircl,jsp,npin,l12v2, l12v3,npinbl
4
13
217
3
12
61
pmrenbp,ptop, hl,hurhi
.looooe-P21 .10000e+05 ,14500e+Ol .10000e-07
at2,at3rtt2rtt3
-.80000e+O0 -.10000e+O1
.64000e+02 .30000e+02
rhofl,rhosl, rhoclrvfflrvfsl, vfcl
.94200e+Ol
.77000e+01 .84230e+O0 .33260e+O0
rhof4,rhos4, rhoc4, vff4,vfs4,vfc4
.94200e+01
.77000e+01 .84230e+O0 .50510e+O0
cfuelrcsteer cpna,alfl, alss,alna
.32500e+O0
.57000e+O0 .12680e+01 .l1200e--O4
tme.ltf,tmelts,tfbol,heatf, heats
,27500e+04
.14270e-t-04 .33870e+04 .28000e+03
hscrhfs,cf,cs,cc
.93968e+01
.40270e+O0 .88460e+O0 ,41320e+O0
hlomp,h20mp, h30mprh40mp
.27640e+O0
.87960e+O0 .803~oe+O~ .24880e+02
hlompbl,h20mpbl,h30mpbl,h40mpbl,hscbl, hfsbl
.27640e 00 .15600e 01 .15050e 02 .53910e 02
cfbl,csbl? ccbl,frup, trup
.47790e+Ol .l1300e+01 .55990+00
.23000e+O0
reagem,frc, xxns,hyd,area, almd
-.10000e+O1
.50000e-01 .18000e+03 .56716ei-00
fric,tslump, fsscl,areabl, corer,corel
.33500e01
.26100e+O0 .65600ei-00 .32270e 02
frsod,frdop,fdop, doptl,dopt2
.1000Oe+Ol
.10000e+O1 .79700e+O0 .47300e+03
al.,au,flmin,rO,b,ell
.40000e-03
.40000e-02 .0000Oe+OO -.00000e+04
timem,prdel, taov,s,rir, rirtmax
.20000e+03
,10000e+O~ .12500e+O0 .0000Ue+OO
tsatnaramf,enO
.89900e+03
.10110e+02 .l1670e+l.O .l1670e 10
pftrip,ttrip, rtxip
.1.1.000ei-01.70000e+O0 -.50000e+04
slump(i) ,i=l,irn
.12100e-01
.25950e+O0 .19340e+O0 .21930ei-00
.19300e-01
axz(j),j=l,jxp
.0000Oe+OO
.15000e+02 .30000e+02 .40000e+02
.)OOOOe+02 .80000e+02 .90000ei-02 .l.0000e+03
.~.31)OOe+03 .14500e+03 .16000e+03

.50000e-02

.10000e-04

.23890e+O0

.4103e+O0

.19470e+O0

.28200e+O0

.20000e-04

,95000e-04

.27000e+03
.27420e+O0

,19315e 0.2 .40270e 00

.20000e 01
.56220e+02

.40000e+04

.96310e+02

.66000e-t02

.l.1730e+04
.33730e-02

.39412e-06

.0000Oe+O1

.30000e 06

.26340e+O0

.28450e+O0

.50000e+02 .60000e+02
.l:L.000e+03 .12000e+03

36

xnsa(i) ,i=l,irn
.29999e+02 .24013e+02 .29976e+02 .30000e-P02 .41996e+02
.10002e+01
.24170e+02 .54052e+02 .10791e+-03
.23989e+02
rad(i) ,i=l,irm
. 76770e+02
,71600ei-01 .39860e+02 .531.00e+-02 . 66000e+02
.0000Oe+OO
03
.96310e+02 .10254e+03 .l1526e 03 .:13717e
.89700e+02
v(i),i=l,i.rn
.75780e+03 .75780e+03 .66410e+03 . 60910e+03 .69870e+-03 .57740e+03
.44030e+03
.17250e 03 .14770e 03 .10280e 03
tin(i),i=l,irn
.39700e+03
,39700e+03 .39700e+03 .39700ei-03 .39700e+03 .39700e+03
.39700e+03
.39700e+03 .39700e+03 .39700e+03
fr(n),n=l,nd
.80470e-04
.74150e-03 .63920e-03 .12150e-02 .53710e-03 . 15830e-03
el(n),n=l,nd
.12900e-01
,31200e-01 .13420e+O0 .34390e+O0 .13903e+01 .37265e+01
wf(j),j=l,jx
.28240e+O0
,34370e+O0 .43200e+O0 .47859e+O0 .52662e+O0 .57595e+O0
.62643e+O0
.67792e+O0 .73028e+O0 .78330e+O0 .83701e+O0 .89110e-tOO
.10000e+O1
.10270e+01
c:i(i),i=l,irn
.l.5640e+Ol .38870e+02 .23942e+02 .25313e+02 .25447e+02 .23939e+02
.81240e+01
.0000Oe 01 .0000Oe 01 .0000Oe 01
dj(i),i=l,jx
.0
.0
.15330ei-02 .28040ei-02 . 42380e-+02 .54780e+-02
.62250e+02
.63040e+02 .56920e+02 .45300e+02 .30970e-t02 .17660e+02
.00000e+02
.00000e+02
ej (i),,i=l,jx
.0
0.
-.10500e+02 -.19040e+02 -.28450e-t02 -.36550e+02
-.41460e+02 -.42050e+02 -.38200e+02 -.30820e+02 -.21660e+02 -.13080e+02
.0000Oe+OO
.0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO
Lflo(i) ,i=l,18
.0000Oe 00 .20000e 00 .40000e 00 .60000e 00 .80000e 00 .10000e 01
.15000e 01 ,17000e 01 .20000e 01 .25000e 01. .30000e 01 .40000e 01
.50000e 01 .60000e 01 .70000e 01 .80000e 01 .90000e 01 .1000Oe 02
vflo(i),i=l,18
.62100e 04 ,58707e 04 .52820e 04 .441.56e04 .33273e 04 .24310e 04
,18512e 04 .18253e 04 .18276e 04 .18325e 04 .18369e 04 .18448e 04
.18510e 04 .18555e 04 .18588e 04 .18609e 04 .18622e 04 .18635e 04
facfuel
facsteel
facsod
facdop
.10000e 01 .10000e 01 .10000e 01 .10000e 01
1
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
2
1
.10000e+04
.20000e-04 .50000e-04 .50000e-06 .10000e+O1 .1000Oe+Ol
1
6
0
0
o
0
o
0 .0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO
.50
e+02
.0000Oe+OO .99500e+O0
.10000e+35
.10000e+O1 .30000e+01 .0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO
.0000Oe+OO
.0000Oe+OO .50000e-01. .50000e-01 .0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO
.0000Oe+OO
.0000Oe+OO .50000e+O0 .0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO
.68300e+02 -.80541e+05 -.56410e+01
.10033e+Ol
.0000Oe+OO -.43500e-02
.0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO .0000Oe+OO
.10000e+04
.10000e+04 .28000e+04 .33900e+01 .10000e+O1
.32280e+O0
.31000e-01 .50000e+O0 .20000e+04 .79000e+01 . 1000Oe+Ol
.l1500e+06
.l.2400e+Ol .29780e+02 ,26470e-t-02 .33550e+02 .29500e+02 .42120e+02
.17730e+02
.0000Oe+OO .0000Oe-4-00 .000006?+00
3
12

37

2XPS?END1X B-2
Input

File

for PREDIS

for ULOF with

(UNIT 16)

Flow Halving

Time

of 8 s

AVERAGE POWER DENSITY IN THE SUBZONES (W/CC)- PFBR OXIDE CORE-5/6/98

0.121.09E+02 0.28480E+02 0.33202E+03 O.43O1OE+O3 0,51465E+03 0.57346E+03
0.60169E+03 0.59740E+03 0.56099E+03 0,49522E+03 0.40580E+03 0.30495E+03
0.25236E+02 0.94452E+01 0.11780E+02 0.27616E+02 0.31,978E+03 0.40903E+03
0.48704E+03 0.54168E+03 0.56791E+03 0.56360E+03 0,52889E+03 0.46600E+03
0.37928E+03 0.27683E+03 0.21483E+02 0.71895E+01 0.I0596E+02 0.25236E+02
0.29184E+03 0.37126E+03 0.44118E+03 0.49038E+03 0,51402E+03 0.51002E+03
0.47838E-I-030.42087E+03 0.34083E+03 0.24349E+03 0.18027E+02 0.53705E+01
0.95216E+01 0.22999E+02 0.26289E+03 0,33723E+03 0,40218E+03 0.44773E+03
0.46965E+03 0.46615Ei-03 0.43728E+03 0.38477E+03 0.31190E+03 0.22405E+03
0.17040E+02 0.50876E+01 0.78513E+01 0.19942E+02 0.28867E+03 0.37326E+03
0.44685E+03 0.49834E-I-030.52319E+03 0.51952E+03 0.48748E+03 O.4291OE+O3
0.34816E+03 0.25052E+03 0.15278E+02 0.45745E+01 O.61O65E+O1 0.15469E+02
0.22583E+03 0.29552E+03 0.35536E+03 0,39702E+03 0.41716E+03 0.41441E+03
0.38897E+03 0.34260E+03 0.27881E+03 0.20520E+03 0,13318E+02 0.44903E+01
0.45329E+01 O.11O66E+O2 0.16974E+03 0,22248E+03 0.26780E+03 0.29941E+03
0.31.47413+030.31276E+03 0.29367E+03 0.25889E+03 0.21136E+03 0.15733E+-03
0.99107E+01 0.36369E+01 0.46222E+01 O.1O747E+O2 0.20782E+02 0.28840E+02
0.35053E+02 0.39261E+02 0.41285E+02 O.41O29E+O2 0,38520E+02 0.33916E+02
0.27467E+02 0.19439E+02 O.9751OE+I)1 0.38176E+01 0.29456E+01 0.59173E+01
0.IO126E+02 0,13654E+02 0.16525E+02 0,18502E+02 0.19460E+02 0,19344E+02
0.18169E+02 0.16020E+02 0,13051E+02 0.95293E+01 0.54280E+01 0.24822E+01
0.12812E+OI 0,19894E+01 0.30460E+01 0.39573E+OI 0.47401E+01. 0.52954E+01
0.55689E+01 0.55384E+01 0.52084E+OI 0.46094E+01 0.38024E+01 0.28882E+01
0.18408E+OI O.1O824E+OI
DOPPLER T*DK/DT
( 473K-1173K ) IN THE SUBZONES
(PCM)
-0.37000E-01-0.27760E+O0-O .32840E+OO-0. 51940E+OO--0,72230E+OO-0 .88830E+O0
-0.97510E+OO-0 .96O90E+OO-O .84900E+OI)-0.66630E+O0-O .45750E+OO-0 .26980E+O0
-0.20450E+00-0,21600E-01-O. 10665E+I)1-0.828O4E+O1-O .95221E+01-0 .14848E+02
-0,20465E-I-02-0,
25061E+02-O .27459E+02-0, 27034E+02-0 ,23847E+02-0, 18600E+02
-0.12391E+02-0 .63253E+Ol-O ,34996E+01-0. 28770E+O0-O .69720E+OO-0.56239E+01
-0.64271E+OI-0 .99622E+01-O .13676E+02-0. 16721E+02-O ,18310E+02-0 .18O2OE+O2
-0.15879E+02-0, 12333E-I-02-O.
80495E+01-0. 36761E+01-O .14050E+01-0 .69900E-01
-0.70560E+OO-0 .55645E+01-0 .62969E+01-0. 97534E+01-O ,13451E+02-0. 16494E+02
o. ~8090E+02-0, 17815E+02-o. 15706E+02--Oo~2218E+02--o,80470E+olo. 38258E+o~
-0.15558E+01-0 .79300E-01-O. 47880E+00-0 .39844E+01-O .38818E+OI-0. 60440E+01
-0.83747E+01-0 .1O3O2E+O2-O .,11318E+02-0.11156E+02--O.98421E+01-0, 76677E+01
-0.50756E+01-0,24071E+01-O .11893E+ol-0, 71000E-01-O ,39490E+00-0. 31907E+01
-0.31897E+OI.-0.5O299E+O1-O .70414E+01-0. 87035E+01-O ,95832E+01-0. 94558E+01
-o.83471E+Ol-0, 65206E+Ol-O .44066E+OI--0.24762E+O1-O .19915E+01-0. 17130E+O0
-o,~~290E+oo-0. 90950E+O0-O .95540E+00-0 .16325E+01-O .23141E+01-0 .28706E+01
-0.31656E+Ol-0.31259E+Ol-O .27612E+01-O.21600E+OI-O .14654E+-01-0.80620E+O0
-0.68490E+00-0 .67200E-01-O .88100E-01-0 .6448OE+OO-O .14454E+01-0 .25187E+01
-0.36017E+01-0.44777E+01-O .49413E+01-0 .48813E+OI-O ,431.32E+01- O.33740E+01
-0.22816E+01-0 .1251OE+O1-O .51770E+00-0. 58400E-01-O .71500E-01-0 .39690E+O0
-0.83370E+OO-0 .14914E+01-0 .21534E+01-0. 26840E+01-O .29644E+01-0. 29294E+01
-0.25886E+01-0 .20231E+01-O .13601E+01-0 .73320E+O0--O.33000E+OO-0. 5O1OOEO1
-0.22800E-01-0 .72000E-01-O .12470E+O0-O.21620E+O0-O .31170E+OO-0 .38890E+O0
-0.42990E+OO-0, 4251OE+OO-O. 37590E+00-0. 29420E+O0-O. 19890E+00-0 .11140E+O0
-0.61200E-01-0 .16300E-01

38

FUEL VOID WORTH TN THE SUBZONES

( l?cr4)
O.211OOE+OO 0.131,64E+OI-0.20961E+02-O .28787EI-02-0.
37188E+02-O .43928E+02
-0.47422E+02-0. 46879E+02-O. 42422E+02-0.35053E+02-O. 264;!8E+02-0.18596E+02
0.30430E+00-0 .66900E-01 0.56834E+OI 0.49395E+02-0 .55122E+03--O.75624E+03
-0. 97610E+030 .11520E+04-O ,12429E+04-0. 12281,E+04-O.ll108E+04-O. 91779E+03
-0.69352E+03-0. 49223E+03-O .21316E+02-0, 41661E+OI 0,258:1.3E+OI0.31850E+02
-0.35687E+03-0. 48750E+03-O. 62796E+03-0 .74033E+03-O .7983613-i-03-O.
78863E+03
-0.71323Jz+03-0.58945E+03-O. 44625E+03-0, 31856E+03-O. 24608E-!-02-0.
30203E+01
0.17937E+01 0.27810E+02-0. 3825OE+O3-O. 52897E+03-0 .68386E+03-0. 80766E+03
-0.87171E+03-0. 86135E+03-O. 77883E+03-0. 64287E+03-0 .48495E+03-O.34274E+03
0.28155E+020. 38396E+01O .81410E+OO-0 .336IOE+OO-O .42978E+030.63632E+03
-0.85518E+03-0. 1O3O5E+O4-O. 11217E+04-0.11O79E+O4-O .99232E+03-0. 80096E+03
-0.57774E+03-0 .37688E+03-O .28429E+02-0 .29251E+OI-O .1,8819E+OI-0.
16911E+02
--0.
4.2722E+03-0.65013E+03-0 .88464E+03-0 .I0723E+04-O .11701E-t04-0.l1561E+04
-0.10335E+040 .82987E+O3-O .59112E+030. 37320E+03-O .23690E+02-0. 30464E+01
-O. 10861E+01-0, 11O68E+O2-O .15924E+03-O.25188E-I-03-O
.34876E+03-0 .42634E+03
.-O.
46690E+03-0 .46137E+03-O .41110E+03-0. 32748E+O3-O .22946E+03-0 .13985E+03
-O. 10836E+020 .12544E-!-OI-O
.17020E+00-0. 58597EI-01-O,15392E+02-0 .19829E+02
-0.21680E+02-0 .22451E+02-0 .22666E+02-0. 22475E+02-0 .21852E+02-0. 20628E+02
-0.18363E+02-0 .13946E+02-O .55521E+01-0 .40990E+O0 .0.191.30E+00-0.
31137E+01
-0.6!34.23E+01.-0
.94357E+Ol-0 .10121E+02-0. IOO58E+O2-O .98717E+01-0. 97921E-tOl,
-0.97961Ei-01-0.96356E+Ol-O .87636E+OI-0 .63466E+OI-O .29806E+01-0.I0470E+O0
0.26650E+00-0 .21140E+O0-O .55010E+OO-0. 732OOE+OO-O .69I8OE+OO-O.5521OE+OO
-0.44780E+00-0 .44620E+O0-O .54260E+00-0 .66560E+O0-O .692;?OE+00-0.5Z270E+O0
-().2~~OOE+O0 0.l~640E+O0
STEEL VOID WORTH IN THE SUBZONES
( PCM )
-0.23170Ei-00-O.12072E+Ol-O ,11480E+O0 0.40078E+OI 0.84009E+01 0.11897E+02
0.13703E+02 0.13422E+02 0.11133E+02 0.73799E+O:1 0.307:11E+01-0.63650E+O0
-0.14557E+OI-0.
29770E+O0-O ,69493E+01-O.28132E+02 0.57682E+01. O.1O746E+O3
0.21719E+03 0,30549E+03 0.35122E+03 0.34357E+03 0.2841.4E+03 0.18649E+03
0.73244E+02-0 .28376E+02-O .53355E+02-0 .78191E+01-O .53830E+OI-0 .20416E+02
0.63911EE01 0.71509E+02 0.14209E+03 0.19935E+03 0.2291,1E+03 O.2241OE+O3
0.18518E+03 0.12106EI-03 0.46287E+02-0. 22446E+02-0 .38799E+02-0 .44127E+Ol
-0.59547E+01-0.22464E+02-O .14970E+01 0.65791E+02 0.13988E+03 0.I.9989EI-03
0.23118E+03 0.22627E+03 0.18613E+03 0.11985E+03 0.42625E+02-0. 271OZE+O2
0.42649E+020 .52110E+01-O ,53328E+01-0 .28251E+02O ,15322E+02 0.33712E+02
0.86769E+02 0.12965E+03 O.1521OE+O3 0,14891E+03 0.I.2087E+03 ().74514E+02
0.20603E+02-0 .29148E+02-O .35273E+02-0.39306E+OI-O ,52018E+01-0 .33181E+02
-0.4204)E+02-0.14782E+02 0,15458E+02 0.39911E-I-020.528;!4E+02 0.51312E+02
0.35914E+02 0.10501E+020 .18480E+02-O .42424E+02-0 .31820E+02O .43363E+OI
-0.18999E+Ol-0 .14022E+02-O .26118E+02-0 .29723E+02-O .32297E+02-0.34132E+02
-0.35020E+02-0, 34780E+02-O .33403E+02-0 .31O38E+O2-O ,278C)3E+02-0.23754E+02
-0.:L2552EI-02-0
.16405E+01-O .62540E+00-0 .53847E+OI-O .11122E+02-0 .16642E+02
-0.21538E+02-0 .25280E+02-O .27191Ei-02-0.26891E+02-O ..24433E+02-O.20300E+-02
-0. :~5242E+02-0.98932E+Ol-O .46982E+OI-0 .561.20E+O0-O.39440E+00-0 .37046EH-01
-0.13217E+01-O.11863E+O2-O.15964E-I-02-0
.19074E+02-O .20662E+02-0 .20432E+02
-Q. .l_8432E+02-0
.l5O52E+O2-O .10892E+020 .65508E+O:i-O.32558E+OI- O.388OOE+OO
-0.23000E-01-0.587:1OE+I)O-O.11211E+OI- O.18911E+0:1.O
.26269E+OI-0. 31869E+01
-0.34727E+OI-0.34348E+01--O.30830E+01-0 .24838E+OIO .17477E+01-0. I0153E+OI
-0.53050E+00-0. 43700E-01

39

1
I

SODIUM VOID WORTH IN THE SUBZONES

(PCM)
-0.62000E-02-0,50090E+O0-O. 35690E+O0 0.13487E+OI 0.31935E+OI 0.46698E+01
0.54335E+01 0.53149E+01 0.43484E+01 0.27682E+01 0.96890E+00-0 .54310E+O0
-0.61020E+OO-0. 637OOE-O1-O. 26180E+00-0. 11537E+02-0. 60398E+01 0.35032E+02
0.80216E+02 0.I1686E+03 0.13588E-I-030.13272E+03 O.1O812E+O3 0.68032E+02
0.22595E+02-0 .15879E+02-O. 18845E+02-0 .15940E+01-O.50790E+OO-0 .83614E+01
-0.28225E+OI 0.23227EI-02 0.52083E+02 0.75695E+02 0.88015E+02 0.85965E+02
0.69977E+02 0.43937E+02 0.14529E+02-0. 1O511E+O2-O .12620E+02-0. 78450E+O0
-0.79370E+00-0 .97582E+01-O. 70982E+01 0.19739E+02 0.49927E+02 0.74576E+02
0.87465E+02 0.85463E+02 0.69029E+02 0.42158E+02 0.11736E+02-0 .13629E+02
-O. 14445E+02-0. 1O427E+O1-O .11531E+01-0. 13118E+02-O .12639E+02 0.65547E+01
0.27647E+02 0.44808E+02 0.53819E+02 0,52557E+02 0.41372E+02 0.23042E+02
0.22805E+OI-0. 15468E+02-O .13028E+02-0, 83570E+O0-O .12979E+OI-0 .15375E+02
-0.24659E+02-0 .15476E+02-O ,48960E+01 0,37811E+01 0.83975E+01 0.78930E+OI
0.24856E+01-0 .63477E+01-0. 16112E+02-0, 23477E+02-O. 13988E+02-0 .11853E+OI
-0.50600E+00-0 .61169E+01-O. 13479E+02-0, 16529E+02-O. 18948E+02-0 .20719E+02
-0.21602E+02-0. 21427E+02-O. 20203E+02-0. 18114EI-02-O.15405E+02-0 .12178E+02
-0.54605E+01-0 .48260E+OO-0. 79500E-01-0, 16757E+01-O. 43677E+01-0 .68637E+OI
-0.89974E+01-0 .1O6O1E+O2-O. 11417E+02-0, 11289E+02-O .10243E+02-0 .84748E+OI
-0.62806E+01-0. 38814E+01-O. 14778E+01-0, 94900E-01--O.10000E-03-0 .85140E+O0
-0.20788E+OI-0. 34328E+01-O. 45274E+01-0, 53071E+01-O. 56942E+01-0. 5631.7E+OI
-0.51308E+01-0 .42707E+01-O. 31542E+01-0. 18664E+01-O .76850E+OO-0 .341OOE-O1
0.37700E-01.-0.523OOE-O1-O. 14380E+00-0. 23570E+O0-O. 29660E+OO-0 .32880E+O0
-0.34110E+OO-0. 3376OE+OO-O. 31870E+00-0 .28130E+O0-O .21920E+OO-0 .I331OE+OO
-0.55100E-01 0.17600E-01

40

APPENDIX

Time

Profiles

B-3

of Power, Average Temperature

With Flow Halving Time of 8s

and Reactivity
(UNIT 11)
..-

......

Temperatures

Time(s) Power (W)

0.00
10.00
20.00
:30.00
31.44
34.24
34.92
36.76
38.06
40.00
44.59
48.1.7
50.00
60.00
/0.00
80.00
88.45
88.47
88.51
88.51

O.123E+1O
O.1O2E+IO
0.869E+09
0.756E+09
0.742E+09
0.716E+09
0.707E+09
0.690E+09
0.676E+09
0.663E+09
O.61OE+O9
0.570E+09
0.548E+09
0.501E+09
0.498E+09
0.449E+09
0.395E+1.1
0.209E+11
O.1O7E+I2
O.1O8E+12

Fuel

Time(s)

Doppler

0.00
10.00

0.000E-FOO 0.000E+OO
0.180E-01 0.420E-01
20.00 0.290E-01 0.870E-01
30.00 0.380E-ol 0.121E+O0
31.44 0.390E-01 0,125E+O0
34.24 O.41OE-O1 0.133E+O0
34.92 O.41OE-O1 0.136E+O0
36.76 0.420E-01 0.142E+O0
38.06 0.430E--O1 0.147E+O0
40,00 0.440E-01 0,153E+O0
44.59 0.450E-01 0,179E+O0
48,1.7 0.460E-01 0.191E+O0
50.00 0.460E-01 0.200E+O0
60.00 0.500E-01 0.222E+O0
70.00 0.560E-01 0.221E+O0
80.00 0.590E-01 0.232E+O0
88.45 0.160E+O0 O.1O7E+O1
88.47 0.162E+O0 -0.112E+01
88.51 0.167E+O0 -0.137E+01
88.51 0.167E+O0 -0.159E+01

.. ..

Radial. Ex

.
0.000E+OO 0.000E+OO
0.560E-01 -0.290E+O0
0.118E+O0 -0.497E+O0
0.168E+O0 --0,649E+O0
0.174E+O0 -0.668E+O0
0.186E+O0 -0.703E+O0
0.190E+O0 -0.709E+O0
0.200E+00 -0,722E+O0
0.207E+O0 -0.729E+O0
0.217E+O0 -0.734E+O0
0.256E+.00 -0.742E+O0
0.276E+O0 -0.744E+OO
0.290E+O0 -0.744E+O0
0.326E+O0 -0,744E+O0
0.326E+O0 -0,745E+O0
0.346E+O0 -0,745E+O0
-0.899E+O0 -0.746E+O0
-0.929EtO0 -0.746E+O0
-0.975E+00 -0,746E+O0
-0.978E+O0 -0,746E+O0

($)
sodium

....
0.576E+%
0.000E+OO 0.000E+OO
0.730E+03 --0.880E-01 0.860E-01
0.838E+03 -0.119E+O0 0.3.44El-00
0.186E+O0
0.918E+03 -0.137E+O0
0.928E+03 -0.139E+O0 0.191E+O0
0.929E+03 -0.142E+O0 0.199E+O0
0,196E+O0
0.929E+03 -0.147E+O0
0.191E+O0
0.929EI-03 -0.148E+O0
0.930E+03. -O.154E+OO 0.178E+O0
0.170E+O0
0.930E+03 -0.149E+O0
0.929E+03 -0.167E+O0 0.950E-01
0.929E+03 --0.196E+.00 0.350E-01
0.929E+03 --0.214E+O0 -0.600E-02
0.929E+03 -0.198E+O0 -0.520E-01
0.929E+03 -0.120E+O0 0.220E-01
0.930E+03 -0.138E+O0 -0.300E-01
0,932E+03 0.925E+O0 0.348E+01
0.932E+O:3 0.858E+O0 0.349E+OI
0.932E+03 0.981E+O0 0.372E+01
0.932E+03 0.973E+O0 0.373E+01

...

Fuel.

... .

.
0.598E+03
0.749E+03
0.855E+03
0.932E+03
0.942E+03
0.944E+03
0.943E+03
0.944E+03
0.977E+03
0.982E+03
0.980E+03
0.981E+03
0.981E+03
0.999E+03
O.1OOE+O4
0.103E+04
0.143E+04
0.145Ei-04
0.151E+04
0.151E+04

Net

Reactivity ($)
..
Steel

. .. ..

Coolant

. .

Clad

0.167E+04
0.160E+04
0.152E+04
0,148E+04
0.147E+04
0.146E+04
0.146E+04
0.145E+04
0.144E+04
0.143E+04
0.140E+04
0.138E+04
0.137E+04
0.134E+04
0.135E+04
0.135E+04
0.286E+04
0.307E+04
0.338E+04
0.340E+04

Reactivity

(C)

(Total)

for lJLOF

...-

I?uel Slump
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0,000E+OO
0.000E+-00
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E-I-00
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0.000E+OO
0,200E-02
0,175E+O0
0,179E+O0

.-..

APPENDIX

Output

of PREDIS

at Steady State and Transient

Selected Time Points

ULOF

With

Flow Halving

Steady

(c)

Fuel Temperature

14*
13*
12*
~:L*
lo.
9*
8*
-]
*
6*
5*
4*
3*
2*
1*

Time

max

value

1.67464E+-03

_
**
580
605
1043
1223
1365
1460
1502
1488
1421
1305
1150
980
448
418

**
**
579 572
602 593
1004 1050
1166 1231
1294 1375
1379 1472
1415 1515
1401 1502
1337 1433
1228 1313
1083. 1152
923 972
444 437
416 412

**
566
583
956
1090
1201
1275
1306
1292
1233
1133
999
849
428
409

7891O
**
**
563
575
861
957
1036
1088
1107
1091
1042
961
856
740
420
406

525
563
625
674
710
732
739
729
704
664
612
550
476
430

Coolant

Temperature

(C)

max

multiply the table integers by

123456
**
**
5756 5652
5751 5648
5737 5636
5626 5536
5479 5398
5300 5229
5097 5038
4880 4834
4662 4628
4454 4432
4268 4255
4112 4107
3992 3991
3976 3976

**
5703
5699
5688
5587
5446
5272
5075
4864
4651
4448
4266
4112
3992
3976

**
5694
5691
5679
5578
5438
5264
5067
4857
4645
4443
4262
4110
3991
3976

of 8 s

1.0000OE+OO

123456
**
**
594 579
624 606
1168 1103
1353 1293
1513 1448
1623 1554
1674 1602
1661 1590
1584 1519
1449 1392
1265 1223
1058 1034
454 452
421 420

States

State

multiply the table integers by

.

B-4

**
5635
5632
5623
5524
5388
5219
5027
4823
4618
4422
4246
4099
3986
3974

value

. .
**

**

472 429
490 433
516 439
536 444
552 448
.562 450
564 449
558 447
545 443
526 436
501 429
473 421
441 412
418 406

5.75626E+02

1.0000OE-01
**
5577
5574
5564
5467
5334
5171
4986
4789
4591
4402
4233
4092
3985
3974

..-___ ..__.

78910
) **
**
5561 4993
5558 4977
5548 4936
5450 4883
5318 4806
5157 4712
4974 4605
4779 4492
4582 4377
4396 4268
4229 4171
4090 4091
3984 4033
3974 3989

**
4551
4539
4513
4482
4439
4388
4329
4266
4203
4143
4090
4045
4013
3984

**
4221
4213
4200
41.87
4169
4148
4123
4098
4072
4047
4025
4007
3992
3978

..-.

42

at

Transient

State

at Time

....

Fuel

temperature

max

(C)

multiply the table integers by

123456
**
**

3.4*
935
1.3*
954
1.2* 1272
Il.
1373
-J,fJ* 1429
9*
1449
8*
1427
7,: 1365
6*
1265
5*
1133
4*
978
~.
818
2*
436
~*
412
-.c

Coolant

1.4*
13*
12*
1:1*
10*
9*
8*
7*
6*
5*
4*
3*
2*
,1*

..- .-

1.44941E+-03

I.0000OE+OO

**

**

**

920 926
939 942
1228 1199
1314 1285
1371 1334
1390 1346
1371. 1321
1.31.21260
1218 1167
1094 1047
950 911
802 772
435 432
412 411

923
939
1175
1248
1289
1296
1268
1207
1116
1002
871
739
429
409

910
925
1193
1275
1325
1340
1317
1258
1165
1046
907
765
424
407

888
901
1120
1176
1208
1212
1184
1126
1042
935
815
691
419
405

789
**
**
874 631
886 668
1056 715
1090 746
1105 762
1097 764
1063 752
1005 726
928 687
834 640
730 585
627 526
414 464
403 423

10
**
525 446
543 451
564 456
577 460
584 461
584 461
577 458
563 453
543 446
519 438
492 429
464 420
436 412
4:14 405
**

Temperature

(C)

..
..

value

**

max

multiply the table integers by

= 36.76

12
3456
**
**
**
**
9258 9258 9256 9255
9273 9273 9270 9268
9288 9271. 9283 9281
9256 8967 9116 9076
8799 8540 8681 8645
8234 8008 8137 8104
7590 7401 7512 7484
6900 6750 6842 6817
6202 6091 6164 6142
.5535 5461 5514 5496
4934 4893 4927 4914
4430 4414 4432 4424
4041 4039 4041 4040
3991 3990 3991 3990

**
9185
9212
9219
8922
8499
7970
7364
6714
6057
5429
4863
4390
4022
3984

value

9.28834E+02

1.0000OE-01
....

-....

7
8
**
**
8833 6558
88796685
8906 6731
8623 6663
8228 6509
7734 6280
7165 5992
6553 5663
5932 5315
5338 4971
4804 4654
4358 4386
4016 4189
3983 4037

9
10
**
**
5359 4485
5427 4511
5450 4524
5418 4517
5342 4493
5225 4454
5076 4402
4903 4341
4719 4273
4537 4205
4368 4142
4224 4087
41.1.54043
40:1.94000

**
8961
8994
9006
8716
8310
7803
7222
6598
5966
5362
4819
4367
4019
3984

-..

....

43

Values of some Variables at Time = 36.76 s

enb
rb
v(l)
pper
tfmax
tnamax
f~a-fm
fra-vd
sxxa
Sxxb
Sxc
p4rb
dks Z
smdvrd
smdva x
reacxt
sslmp
sxarb
sxbrb
sshet.hr
dkfzrb
dkczrb
tci(l)
tco(l)
tss2(l)

dpr
period
vper
avgper
tssmax
dltfmax
fra-sm
sxa
Sxb
ssheth
p4
dkfz
dkcz
smdvl 1
dop fb
fslmp
dvd
sxxarb
sxxbrb
sxcrb
dkszrb
opfbrb
tcol (1)
Ssl(l)
tin(l)

= 0.64706E+09
=-O.14822E+O0
= 0.13546E+03
= 0.56382E+02
= 0.14494E+04
= 0.92883E+03
= 0.0000OE+OO
= 0.0000OE+OO
=-O.11325E+01
= 0.11535E+O0
= 0.20960E+O0
=-O.20963E-01
= 0.15775E+O0
= 0.55513E+O0
=-O.65037E-01
= 0.0000OE+OO
= o.0000OE+OO
=-O.1O77OE-O3
=-O.12425E-02
=-O.66432E-03
=-O.49382E-02
=-O.1OI36E-OI
= 0.92595E+03
= 0.91925E+03
= 0.65690E+03

Power
Fuel Temperature
Clad Temperature
Coolant Temperature
Net Reactivity
Sodium Reactivity
Steel Reactivity
Fuel Reactivity
Doppler Reactivity
Radial. Expansion Reactivity
Fuel Slumping Reactivity

.
.
.
=
.
=
=
.
=
=

= 0.43253E+08
=-O.1OO98EI-O3
= 0.17875E+02
== 0,11395E+01
= 0.94384E+03
= 0.0000OE+OO
= 0.0000OE+OO
= 0.20718E+O0
= 0,26737E-01
= 0.I.5660E-01
=-O.I.4815E+O0
=-O.49607E+O0
= 0.20960E+O0
=-O.26045E+O0
= 0.19964E+O0
= 0.0000OE+OO
=O.I.9431E-01
=-0,35621E-02
=-O.39818E-02
=-O.1OI36E-O1
=-0,58886E--O2
=:-O.12684E-02
= 0.92586E+03
= 0.92589E+03
= 0.91919E+03

enb + dpr
tfmax
tssmax
tnamax
rb
dkcz + dvd
sxb + ssheath
sxa + smdvax
dopfb
sxxa + smdvrd + smdvll + sxxb
fslmp

43a

Coolant

Void

Fraction

max value

**

**

3.83973E-01

1.0000OE-04

multiply the table integers by

123456
**
**

**

**

7f19
**
**

000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
000000

~4*
3839
14 2661 2276
]3A
0 2323 2040
3298
12*
0000
1.1*
0000
:1.0*
0000
9*
0000
B*
0000
/*
0000
6,
0000
5*
0000
4*
o
000
3*
0000
~.
0000
~*
0000
.-..._

Transient

10
**

**

State

at. Time

..

= 48.:17 s

Fuel Temperature

(C)

max

multiply the table integers by

.._.__

1.37978E+03

1.0000OE+OO
-..

1
**

23
**

**

4567
**
**

935 932 931

1.3*
954 948 945
.L2* 1259 1197 1184
1.1.
*
1315 1284 1253
:1,()* 1.376 1.3211294
9*
1379 1325 1291
8*
1346 1294 1255
7*
1277 1229 1188
6*
1177 1135 1094
S*
1051 1.017 979
4*
907 883 851
3*
761 748 723
2*
431 430 428
1,*
410 410 409

930 929
944 941
1160 1166
1225 1250
1256 1282
1248 1282
121.0 1248
1143 1183
1051 1090
940 975
817 846
695 716
426 421
408 406

)4*

value

**

**

928 920
938 929
1121 1070
1163 1091
1180 1093
1171.1074
1133 1031.
1070 968
984 888
881 795
767 696
653 599
416 412
404 402

..

8
**

9
**

10
**

665
700
741
765
775
770
752
721
679
630
575
51.7
459
421

542
560
578
588
592
589
579
563
541
5.16
488
460
434
413

451
457
462
465
466
464
460
454
447
438
429
420
411
404

...c-

44

Coolant

Temperature

(C)

max value

multiply the table integers by

123456
**
**
9255 9255
9268 9268
9281 9281
9290 9290
9112 8836
8507 8267
7819 7618
7083 6924
6340 6223
5630 5552
4992 4948
4458 4440
4045 4043
3992 3991

**
9253
9266
9278
9286
8991
8407
7739
7024
6300
5609
4985
4459
4046
3992

**

9.29025E+02

1.0000OE-01

**

**

9253 9254
9265 9267
9277 9279
9285 9251
8956 8795
8375 8228
7710 7580
6998 6887
627!36186
5591 5518
4972 4917
4451 4415
4045 4026
3992 3985

9252
9264
9276
9039
8601
8055
7432
6766
6092
5449
4871
4390
4022
3984

789
**
**
9239
9262
9273
8957
8526
7991
7378
6722
6058
5425
4856
4382
4019
3984

6861 5521
6994 5594
7033 5615
6951 5576
6773 5488
6!515 5356
6192 5188
5826 4996
5441 4792
5063 4591
4715 4405
4423 4247
4209 4128
4043 4023

..

Coolant

10
**

**

4542
4572
4586
4577
4551
4507
4449
4379
4305
4229
4159
4098
4050
400.2

.. ..

Void

Fraction

max

multiply the table integers by

value

7.92385E-01

1.0000OE-04

..

123456
**
**
**
**
**
**
1.4* 7923 7462 7439 7259 3124 2537
13
7877 7413 7395 7210 2622 2019
12*
7751 7273 7260 7062
0
0
~:J,*
000000
IO*
000000
9*
000000
8*
00
0000
7*
000000
fj*
000000
5*
000000
4.
000000
3*
000000
2*
000000
:L
*
000000
..___

7
8
**
**
0000
12
0
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000

9
**

10
**

..

45

End of Transient

at Time = 88.51

s
..

..
.

I!ue:l
Temperature

max value

(C)

multiply the table integexs by

I.0000OE+OO
-.

984
1085
2750
2750
3018
3300
3395
3302
3036
2750
2750
2286
564
466

969
1057
2613
2750
2789
3074
3174
3094
2845
2750
2750
2217
559
464

**

**

**

**

957
1035
2402
2750
2750
2788
2880
2803
2750
2750
2590
2068
546
458

955
1028
2268
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2401
1909
534
452

952
1018
2433
2750
2750
2820
2913
2835
2750
2750
2590
2043
514
442

951
1004
2129
2542
2750
2750
2750
2750
2750
2573
2156
1697
489
432

**

**

762
812
874
914
933
931
909
869
812
742
663
579
491
434

596
622
649
665
673
671
658
637
607
572
532
492
452
421

471
479
487
492
494
492
487
479
469
456
443
430
418
408

945
982
1829
2129
2379
2539
2581
2514
2347
2084
1752
1389
465
424

..

Temperature

(C)

max value

multiply the table integers by

..-

78910
**
**

...___

Coolant

3.39571.E+03

123456
**
**

...

..

9.32396E+02

1.0000OE-01

1.

**
:14*
:13
*
12*
.L
:L
*
:Lo*
9*
fj*
7*
(j.
5*
4*
S*
2*
J,*

9251
9262
9273
9280
9288
9295
9302
9309
9316
9323
8145
6220
4258
4066

234567
*+
**
9251 9251
9262 9261
9273 9272
9280 9279
9288 9286
9295 9293
9302 9300
9309 9307
9316 9314
9323 9321
7960 7894
6138 6123
4249 4245
4064 4061

**
9250
S261
9272
9279
9286
9293
9300
9307
9313
9320
7709
6020
4232
4057

**
9251
9262
9273
9280
9287
9294
9301
9308
9315
9322
7745
5992
4178
4036

**
9250
9261
9271
9278
9285
9292
9299
9306
9313
8829
7297
5754
4150
4027

...
..-

**
9250
9260
9270
9277
9284
9291
9297
9304
9311
8226
6892
5550
4122
4020

10
89
A*
**
**
7606 5933 4697
7759 6019 4736
7812 6043 4753
7720 5996 474:1.
7512 5889 4708
7201 5728 4652
6809 5522 4579
6361.5284 4492
5884 5031 4398
5409 4778 4303
4965 4542 4214
4583 4338 4136
4293 4:L81 4074
4072 4044 4013

46

Coolant

Void

Fraction

max value

multiply the table integers by

1.0000OE+OO

1.0000OE-03
.

--

123456
**
**
**
**
**
**
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

1000 1000
1000 1000
1000 1000
1000 1000

**

**

999

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000 974

0
0
0

0
0
0

o
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

1000 1000 1000 976 1000 952
974 959 949 923 940 898
910 891 875 694 845
0
000000
000000
0
000000
000000
000000

Fuel Melt

78910
**
**

Fraction

947
910
813
0
0000
0000

max value

multiply the table integers by

000
0000
0000

1.0000OE+OO

1.0000OE-03

123
**
**
**
000
000
110
0
0
773 518 245
1000 1000 738
1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 794
844 655 371
189
47
0
000
000
000

45
**
**
00
00
00
22 278
471 771
755 1000
854 1000
768 1000
518 828
118 392
00
00
00
00

678910
**
**
00000
00000
00000
00000
148
0
396
0
477
0
395
0
166
0
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000

.-

**

**

**

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

...-...

47

APPENDIX

Input

B-5

tc~ VENUS-II

(UNIT 13)

pfbr-o//dba study //lofa 8s

1.0
1.4 1.00
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
2
1
.2
0
0
2
2
0
0
3
2
0.1000OE+04 0.20000E-04 0.50000E-04 0,50000E-06 O.1OOOOE+O1 O.1OOOOE+O1
0,0000OE+OO 0.71.60073+010,39860E+02 O.531OOE+O2 0,66000E+02 0.76770E+02
0.89700E+02 O.9631OE+O2 0,10254E+03 0.11526E+03 0.13717E+03
0.0000OE+OO 0.15000E+02 0.30000E+02 0,40000E+02 0,50000E+02 0.60000E+02
0.70000E+02 0.80000E+02 0,90000E+02 O.1OOOOE+O3 O,l:i.000E+030.12000E+03
0,13000E+03 0.14500E+03 0.16000E+03
O,I21O9E+O2 0.I1780E+02 O.1O596E+O2 0.95216E+01 0.78513E-I-01O.61O65E+O1
0.45329E+01 0.46222E+01 0.29456E+01 0.12812E+01 0.28480E+02 0,27616E+02
0.2.5236E+02 0.22999E+02 0.19942E+02 0.15469E+02 0.11066E+02 0.I0747E+02
0.59:L73E+010.19894E+OI 0.33202E+03 0.31978E+03 0.29184E+03 0.26289E+03
0.28867E+03 0.22583E+03 0,16974E-I-030.20782E+02 O.1OI.26E+O2 0.30460E+01
0.43010E+03 0.40903E+03 0,37126E+03 0.33723E-i-030.37326E+03 0.29552E+03
0.22248E+03 0.28840E+02 0.13654E+02 0.39573E+01 0.5S465E+03 0.48704E+03
0,441J.8E+03 0.40218E+03 0.44685E+03 0.35536E+03 0.26780E+03 0.35053E+02
0.:16525E+02 0.47401E+01 0,57346E+03 0.54168E+03 0.49038E+03 0,44773E+03
0.49834E+03 0.39702E+03 0,29941E+03 0.39261E+02 0.18502E+02 0.52954E+01
0,60169E+03 0.56791E+03 0,51402E+03 0.46965E+03 0.52319E+03 0.41716E+03
0.31474E+03 0.41.285E+02 0.19460E+02 0.55689E+01 0.59740E+03 0.56360E+03
0,51002E+03 0.46615E+03 0,51952E+03 0.41441E+03 0.31276E+03 O.41O29EI-O2
0.I.9344E+02.0.55384E+01 0,56099E+03 0.52889E+03 0.47838E+03 0.43728E+03
0.48748E+03 0.38897E+03 0,29367E+03 0.38520E+02 0,181.69E+02 0.52084E+01
0.49522E+03 0.46600E+03 0.42087E+03 o.38477E+03 0.42910E+03 0.34260E+03
0.2b889E+03 0.33916E+02 0.16020E+02 0.46094E+01 0,40580E+03 0.37928E+03
0.34083E+03 0.31190E+03 0,34816E+03 0.27881E+03 0,21136E+03 0,27467E+02
0.130!)1E+02 0.38024E+OI 0,30495E+03 0,27683E+03 0.24349E+03 0.22405E+03
0.2.50!j2E+030.20520E+03 0,15733E+03 0.19439E+02 0.95293E+OI 0.28882E+01
0.25236E+02 0.21483E+02 0.18027E+02 0.17040E+02 0.15278E+02 0.13318E+02
0.993.07E+01 0,97510E+01 0.54280E+01 0.18408E+OI 0.94452E+01 0.71895E+OI
0.53705E+01 0.50876E+OI 0,45745E+01 0.44903E+01 0.36369E+01 0.38176E+01
0.2482,2E+01 0.I0824E+OI
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.0000OE+OO 0.0000OE+OO
0.804/OE-O4 0.12900E-01 0.13849Ei-14
0.74l.!iOE--O3
0.31200E-01 0.48986E+14
0.63920E-03 0.13420E+O0 0.17817E+14
0.12150E.-O2 0.34390E+O0 0.25418E+14
0.537.LOE-03 0.13903E+01 0.72136E+13
0.15830E-03 0,37265E+OI 0.13618E+13
0.3281.2E--O20.21!325E+O0 0,0000OE+OO 0.39412E-06 0.99500E+O0
0.1000OE+35 0.I0822E+12 O.1000OE+O1 0.30000E+Ol 0.0000OE+OO 0,0000OE+OO
0.0000OE-tOO 0,0000OE+OO 0.50000E-01 o.50000E-ol 0.0000OE+OO 0.0000OE+OO
2
2
12
2
2
16
12
16
1
:10
14
10
14
0,16000E+03 0.0000OE+OO 0.0000OE+OO 0,13717E+03
0.35800E+OI 0.23510E+02 0.46480E+02 0,59550E-I-020.71385E+02 0,83235E+02
0.93005E+02 0.99425E+02 O,1O89OE+O3 0.12621E+03
0.75000E+Ol 0.22500E+02 0.35000E+02 0,45000E+02 0,55000E+02 0.65000E+02
0.75000E+02 0.85000E+02 0.95000E+02 O.1O5OOE+O3 0.11500E+03 0.12500E+03
0.137!~OE-t030.15250E+03

48

--0.87340E-09-o.78440E-09-o .44505E-09-o. 24775E-09 0.11235E-~J9 0.18612E-09

0.18745E-09 0.29154E-10-0. I4653E-1O-O. 10225E-10
--Oe54491K--08-0
.68l73E-O8-O. 54914E-08--0.38411E-O8 0.46385E-10 0.16672E-08
O.191O3I3-O8 0.10037E-08 0.23850E-09 0.81111E-11
0.13015E--O6 0.11412E-06 0.92295E-07 0.79247E-07 0.88970E-07 0.63178E-07
0.41225E-07 0.39549E-08 0.79764E-09 0.31660E-10
0.17874E-06 0.15656E-06 0.12608E-06 O.1O959E-O6 0.13113E-06 0.96143E-07
Oa65209K--07 o.50949E-08 0.lo841E-08 O.42I29E-10
0.23090E-06 0.20208E-06 0.16240E-06 0.14168E-06 0.17703E-06 0.13082E-06
0.90290E-07 0.55705E-08 0.11629E-08 0.39815E-10
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49

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50

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0.41030E+00 O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+00 O.41O3OE+OO 0.28200!3+00
0,28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO O,41O3OE+OO
0.41030E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+O0 0.282OOE+OO 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0
O.41O3OE+OO O,41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+00 O.41O3OE+OO
O,4:1O3OE+OO 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 0.41030E+00 O.41O3OE+OO
O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+O0 0,42.030E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.28200E+O0
0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+O0
0.41030E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+00
O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO O,41O3OE+OO 0,41030E+O0
O,41O3OE+OO 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 0.41.030E+00 O.41O3OE+OO
0,4:1.030E+O0O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+Oo O.41O3OE+OO 0.41,030E+00 0.28200E+O0
0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+00 O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO
O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0 0.28200E+O0
0.41030E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO O,41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E+O0 0.41030E+O0
0.41.030E+00 0.28200E+O0 0,28200E+oo 0.28200E+O0 0,41030E+00 0.41030E+O0
0.4:L030E+O0 O.41O3OE+OO O.41O3OE+OO 0.41030E-l-00O.41O3OE+OO 0.28200E+O0
0,28200E-tOO 0.28200E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
().23890E-t-oO
o.19470E+oo o.19470E+oo o.19470E+oo 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.19470E+O0
0.].9470E+O0 0.19470E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+o0 0.23890EI-00 0.23890E+O0
0.2.3890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.19470E+O0 0.19470E+00 0.19470E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0e19470E+O0 0.19470E+O0 0.19470E-!-000.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+Oo 0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.19470E+O0
0.:194/OE+OO0.19470E+00 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E-I-000.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.19470E+O0 0,19470E+O0 0.19470E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E-toO 0,19470E+oo o.19470E+oo o.19470E+o0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+oo 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.19470E+O0
0.:19470E+O0 0.19470E+00 0.23890E+oo 0.23890E+o0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0,23890E+O0 0.23890E+oo 0.19470E+o0 ().19470E+00 0.19470E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23$90E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.19470E+O0 o.19470E+oo 0.19470E-l-000,23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.19470E+O0
0.:1.9470E+O00.19470E+O0 0.23890E+oo 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E-!-ooo.23890E+oo o.23890E+oo o.19470E+oo 0.19470E+00 0.19470E+O0
().23890E+oo o.23890E+oo o.23890E+oo o.23890E+oo 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.19470E+00 o.19470E-t-Oo0.19470E+00 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0
0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.23890E+O0 0.19470E+00
().l.94-/OE+O0
0.19470E+O()

52

3
1
12
0.821:16E+02-0.80541E+05-O .5641OE+OI
0.20000EE04 0.79000E+01 O,1OOOOE+O1
0.10002E-tOl 0.29999E+02 0.24013E+02
0.23989E+02 0.24170E+02 0.54052E+02

0.32280E+O0 o.3;LOOOE-01 0.50000E+O0

0.36600E+04 0.l1500E+06
0.29976E+02 0.30000E+02 0.41996E+02
0.I0791E+03

APPENDIX

Results of VENUS -II calculations depicting end of disassembly phase and

mechanical work-potential calculations
Input conditions to VENUS-LI
=
=

+ Initialpower
+ Initial reactivity
+ Reactivity addition rate

O.1O822E+12W
0.32812E-02 (0.973 $)
65 $/S

Results of disassemble t)hase calculations ~~NS-11)

Attheend ofdisassembly phase
Therrnalenergy
Doppler reactivity
Displacement reactivity
Net reactivity

=
=
=
=

Total pressureof zones attime

Maximumpressure

=0.008929s(dynes/sq.cm)
=0.58940513E+08 (dynes/sq.cm)

4140 MJ
-0.0011243 (-0.333 $)
-0.009244 (-2.740 $)
-0.005129 (-1.521 $)

2345678
16
15
1.4
13
12
11

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
._________

0000000

10

1:1.

()

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

()
0
()
0
()
0
()

000

1100000
32
45
4
166134
18
430 224
69
589 339 115
524 293
94
267 163
30
74
84
9
6810100
0000000
0000000
0000000

0
1
13
4
25
81
40 133
26 109
23
8
2
4

0
5
8
11
8
9
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

.y

53

000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
000
000
000
000

. .,

Temperature of zones at time

Maximum value of theta

=
=

0.008929 S(C)
0.49669445E+04 (C)

2345678

L
1

.,

16
15
1.4
13
12
1s
so
9
8
,1
6
s
4
3
-.-..._....

10

.
129
144
317
340
443
482
496
491
462
366
346
303
93
78

126
140
303
334
414
455
472
466
437
359
341
302
93
77

124
137
302
325
344
416
432
425
360
348
322
302
90
76

124
136
302
318
335
348
354
355
350
339
303
302
88
75

124
134
302
327
345
421
437
430
361
350
322
302
85
74

124
132
302
303
326
336
342
343
338
317
302
276
81
72

123
129
265
302
302
303
308
304
303
302
281.
226
77
71

104
110
119
125
128
129
127
123
117
109
100
90
78
71

11

87
90
94
96
98
98
97
95
92
88
83
78
73
70

--..

74
75
76
77
77
77
77
?
6
75
74
72
71
69
68
.

Results of work-~otential calculations at the end of disassembly phq~

Average xki at the end of disassembly
Average xkiatthe endofexpansion
Volume ofcorevapour atdisassembly
Volurneofcorevapour participatingin
mechanical work
Volume of core before disassembly
Volume ofcore after disassembly
Percent changein corevolume
Distributed temperature case mechanical
workupto l.O atmosphere pressure
rotal mass of fbel
Total expandedvolurne
Total expandedvolurne withxkiftaken
into account
Fuelvaporfiaction
Fraction ofvapor above fiel melting
point
Mechanical work for expansionupto
afmal volume ofl15000,01itres

0.17961125747253 9D-004
0.248785864446274D-O02
857905.088479487 cms
190490,92501705 lcm3
2914018.38819080 cm3
2916298,94066628 cm3
0.782614304949529D-O0 1
= 96.8868346549273 MJ
= 10450623.2881024 g
= 2048.18905172048 cm3
338.990482110086 cms
= 0,175736075838853
0.937027692498116
= 21.5017708666116MJ

54

REFERENCES

[1:1 A.E. Walter and A.B, Reynolds, Fast Breeder Reactors Pergamon Press, 1981.
[2]

Status of Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors, IAEA Technical Reports Series,
No.246, 1988,

[3:1

Conceptual Design of 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, IGCAR Kalpakkam
Dec. 1997.

[4s

The Safety of Nuclear Reactors Design MEA Draft Report 1998.

[5]

J. F. Jackson and R. B. Nicholson, VENUS-II: An LMFBR Disassembly Progratn,

ANL-7951, ANL, Illinois, USA 1972.

(6]

R. E. Cohen, Some Topics in Reactor Kinetics in Proc. Of the Second United

Nations Conf. On the Peacefid Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, 11,302, 1958.

[7]

B.Sharada and Om Pal Singh, Validation of the Computer Code POKIN Against
SEFOR Experitnental Transient and Analytical Results, RPD/01 117/SNAS-32,
July 1990.
Om Pal Singh, Lecture Notes on Reactor Kinetics, Research Centre for Nuclear
Techniques, Bandung, Indonesia, IAEA-PPTN Project No. INS/04/018/03 Note No. 1
June 1987.
1.Sathiasheela and R, Harish, Numerical Solution of Transient Heat Conduction
Equation With Temperature Dependent Thermal Conductivity, RPD/SAS-92,
Ott 1997.
Summary Report of Specialists Meeting on Equations of State of Materials of
Relevance to the Analysis of Hypothetical Fast Breeder Reactor Accidents,
U4EA-IWGFR/26 1978,

[11-J

A. B, Reynolds, C. A, Erdman and M. Kirbiyik, Fuel Vapour Generation in LMFBR

Core Disruptive Accident, Nuclear Technology 26(165) 1975,

file:kaldis-O,doc kaldis-9.doc

55