Tourism in Rajasthan

1.1 About Tourism:Wealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of the world to see great buildings or other works of art, to learn new languages, to experience new cultures, or to taste new cuisine. The League of Nations first used the words tourists and tourism as official terms in 1937 but the tourism industry is much older than that. It was defined as people traveling abroad for periods of 24 hrs, but the term may also include traveling within ones own country and in a broader sense it can include daytrips. The word tour gained acceptance in the eighteen century, when the Grand tour of Europe became part of the upbringing of the educated and wealthy British noblemen or cultured gentlemen. Grand tours were taken in particular by young people to complete their aesthetic interest, such as Rome, Tuscany and The Alps. Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. Tourism is traveling for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "Travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited". Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals.

Every year, more than 3 million tourists visit the Taj Mahal in Agra. Again the leisure industry was a British invention, for sociological reasons. Britain was the first European country is industrializes and the industrial society was the first society to offer time for leisure to a growing number of people. Leisure travel had developed as an offshoot of cultural tourism, partly as health tourism. Some English travelers, after visiting the warm lands of the south of Europe, decided to say there either for the cold season or the rest of their lives, but this was a very minor development. Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism because many countries are experiencing tough competition for inbound tourists. Some national policymakers have shifted their priority to the promotion of intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy.

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1.2 Definition of Tourism:Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for the purpose of leisure, business, and other purposes. One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, "bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region." Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity." In 1976 Tourism Society of England defined it as "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981 International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined Tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment.

Definition of the World Tourist Organization (WTO): Tourists are people who are "travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited" In other words: A tourist is a person who goes to another place for private interest or who is sent there (for example by a company), but is not employed at this place. Business tourists may go to this place for a conference, a workshop or further education. Private tourists may go there for adventure, recreation, education, pilgrimage or other purposes.

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1.3 Types of Tourism:All types of tourism in India have registered phenomenal growth in the last decade ever since the Indian government decided to boost revenues from the tourism sector by projecting India as the ultimate tourist spot. The reason why India has been doing well in all types of tourism in India is that India has always been known for its hospitality, uniqueness, and charm attributes that have been attracting foreign travelers to India in hordes. The Indian government, in order to boost tourism of various kinds in India, has set up the ministry of tourism and culture. This ministry recently launched a campaign called incredible India! in order to encourage different types of tourism in India. The result was that in 2004, foreign tourists spent around us$ 15.4 billion during their trips to India. Being a country with tremendous diversity, India has a lot to offer in terms of tourism and related activities. The diversity that India is famous for ensures that there is something to do for all tourists in India, no matter what their interests.  Adventure tourism As a kind of tourism in India, adventure tourism has recently grown in India. This involves exploration of remote areas and exotic locales and engaging in various activities. For adventure tourism in India, tourists prefer to go for trekking to places like Ladakh, Sikkim, and Himalaya. Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir are popular for the skiing facilities they offer. Whitewater rafting is also catching on in India and tourists flock to places such as Uttaranchal, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh for this adrenalinpacked activity.

Skiing in Manali, Himachal Pradesh

 Wildlife tourism India has a rich forest cover which has some beautiful and exotic species of wildlife some of which that are even endangered and very rare. This has boosted wildlife tourism in India. The places where a foreign tourist can go for wildlife tourism in India are the Sariska wildlife sanctuary, Keoladeo Ghana national park, and Corbett national park.

Royal Bengal Tiger in Sundarbans. The world's largest mangrove forest as well as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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 Medical tourism Tourists from all over the world have been thronging India to avail themselves of cost-effective but superior quality healthcare in terms of surgical procedures and general medical attention. There are several medical institutes in the country that cater to foreign patients and impart top-quality healthcare at a fraction of what it would have cost in developed nations such as USA and UK. It is expected that medical tourism in India will hold a value around us $2 billion by 2012. The city of Chennai attracts around 45% of medical tourists from foreign countries.  Pilgrimage tourism India is famous for its temples and that is the reason that among the different kinds of tourism in India, pilgrimage tourism is increasing most rapidly. The various places for tourists to visit in India for pilgrimage are Vaishno Devi, Golden Temple, Char Dham, and Mathura Vrindavan.  Eco tourism Among the types of tourism in India, ecotourism have grown recently. Ecotourism entails the sustainable preservation of a naturally endowed area or region. This is becoming more and more significant for the ecological development of all regions that have tourist value. For ecotourism in India, tourists can go to places such as Kaziranga national park, Gir national park, and Kanha national park.  Cultural tourism India is known for its rich cultural heritage and an element of mysticism, which is why tourists come to India to experience it for themselves. The various fairs and festivals that tourists can visit in India are the Pushkar Fair, Taj Mahotsav, and Suraj Kumbhmela. The types of tourism in India have grown and this has boosted the Indian economy. That it continues to grow efforts must be taken by the Indian government, so that the tourism sector can contribute more substantially to the nations GDP.

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1.4 Sectors of Tourism Industry:The tourism industry is divided into five different sectors:-

SECTORS OF TOURISM INDUSTRY

ACCOMMODATION

FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICES

RECREATION AND ENTERTAINMENT TRANSPORTATION

TRAVEL SERVICES

The diversity of these five sectors shows that the career options in the tourism industry are unlimited. Depending on your interests and skills, you can work indoors or out, nine to five or midnight to noon. You can work in an office, an airport or out of your home. You can have one career in the winter and another in the summer. In short, you can make your career fit the lifestyle you want. One of the most important tasks of a hospitality and tourism business is to develop the service side of the business, specifically, a strong service culture. The service culture focuses on serving and satisfying the customer.

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1.5 Tourism Industry:1.5.1 Tourism as Industry:Tourism can also be defined as a service industry with three:

Transport: Bringing people from one place to another

Accommodation: Giving people a place to stay

Services: Offering goods and manpower in order to fulfill the wishes of the travelers

1.5.2 Tourism Industry in India:Tourism is the largest service industry in India, with a contribution of 6.23% to the national GDP and 8.78% of the total employment in India. India witnesses more than 5 million annual foreign tourist arrivals and 562 million domestic tourism visits. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4% annual growth rate. The Ministry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the development and promotion of tourism in India and maintains the "Incredible India" campaign. According to World Travel and Tourism Council, India will be a tourism hotspot from 20092018, having the highest 10-year growth potential. The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2007 ranked tourism in India 6th in terms of price competitiveness and 39th in terms of safety and security. Despite short- and medium-term setbacks, such as shortage of hotel rooms, tourism revenues are expected to surge by 42% from 2007 to 2017. India has a growing medical tourism sector. The 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi are expected to significantly boost tourism in India. Indian tourism industry can be attributed to several factors.  The tremendous growth of Indian economy has resulted in more disposable income in the hands of middle class, thereby prompting increasingly large number of people to spend money on vacations abroad or at home.
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 India is a booming IT hub and more and more people are coming to India on business trips.  Aggressive advertising campaign "Incredible India" by Tourism Ministry has played a major role in changing the image of India from that of the land of snake charmers to a hot and happening place and has sparked renewed interest among foreign travelers. Travel & tourism industry's contribution to Indian industry is immense. Tourism is one of the main foreign exchange earners and contributes to the economy indirectly through its linkages with other sectors like horticulture, agriculture, poultry, handicrafts and construction. Tourism industry also provides employment to millions of people in India both directly and indirectly through its linkage with other sectors of the economy. According to an estimate total direct employment in the tourism sector is around 20 million. Travel & tourism industry in India is marked by considerable government presence. In the year 2002, the Government of India announced a New Tourism Policy to give boost to the tourism sector. The 7-S Mantra of Swaagat (welcome), Soochanaa (information), Suvidhaa (facilitation), Surakshaa (security), Sahyog (cooperation), Sanrachnaa (infrastructure) and Safaai (cleanliness). Some of the salient features of the Tourism Policy are:  The policy proposes the inclusion of tourism in the concurrent list of the Constitution to enable both the central and state governments to participate in the development of the sector.  No approval required for foreign equity of up to 51 per cent in tourism projects. NRI investment up to 100% allowed.  Automatic approval for Technology agreements in the hotel industry, subject to the fulfillment of certain specified parameters.  Concession rates on customs duty of 25% for goods that are required for initial setting up, or for substantial expansion of hotels.  50% of profits derived by hotels, travel agents and tour operators in foreign exchange are exempt from income tax. The remaining profits are also exempt if reinvested in a tourism related project. Government has taken several other measures for the promotion of tourism. A multi-pronged approach has been adopted, which includes new mechanism for speedy implementation of tourism projects, development of integrated tourism circuits and rural destinations, special capacity building in the unorganized hospitality sector and new marketing strategy. The outlook for travel industry in India looks extremely bright. India as a tourism destination is the toast of the world at the moment. Conde Nast ranked India amongst the top 10 tourist destinations. JBIC ranked her as the fifth most attractive investment destination.

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1.6 Benefits of Tourism:There are a number of benefits of tourism for both the tourist and the host destination.  On a large scale it offers a good alternative to some more destructive industries for generating income both on nationally and privately.  The tourism industry encompasses many different areas, so it also creates jobs in many different areas. With tourism come hotels, restaurants, car rental agencies, tour companies, service stations, sports equipment rentals, and much more. All of this creates many different levels of employment for people in a given community.  In many places the introduction and development of tourism allows local people an opportunity for economic and educational growth that would not otherwise be available. In addition, it allows both the tourist and the local community a chance to experience other cultures, which broadens understanding.  If properly used, tourism generated income can be tremendously beneficial to the host country and its local communities. Tourism generated income can be used on a national and local level to better education, improve infrastructure, to fund conservation efforts, and to promote more responsible tourism.

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1.7 Objective of the Study: To have an insight into the working of Punjab Travels Co.  To study the scope of tourism in Rajasthan.

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1.8 Limitation of the Study:At the every stage of human life, there are certain limitations obstruct the path for what he wants to do, act or think and many times he gets success and sometimes could not.  Most of the information in my project is collected through secondary data, so there is a chance of some mistake.  The analysis and some details are covered in my project as per my understanding of concerned subject.

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2.1 About Company:Gujarat - India based travel agent & tour operator, Punjab Travels Co. offers unparalleled tour packages which suits the budget traveler as well as the most luxurious holiday seeker. We are in the business since 2000. Based in Gujarat, India, Punjab Travels Co. is one stop travel house. Punjab Travels Co. is not just a name, but it a commitment. We are a reputed and professionally managed company which has been in the business of Travel & Entertainment. With over a decade of experience in the field the company has already established a wide network of clients. Highly qualified and experienced personnel are employed who understand your travel needs more than you do. Exploring India can be one of the most rewarding experiences in life. However, planning a trip can be extremely frustrating especially when one doesnt know where to start. We understand travel needs of all and deliver the best through meticulous planning. We have received your valued patronage for more than 10 years in our endeavor to provide you best quality travel services. In the same way we expect your continued support in the upcoming years, and we accept full responsibility for your all travel needs. We have made appropriate changes in our travel medium as per the demand of time, in order to provide you maximum facilities and extended our services with such modifications as were required and have extended the scope of our services with attractive offers. In past, you have been contacting us personally, by post, over telephone and thereafter by mobile (Cellular). Now, with changing times, we have also changed and in order to make our lively contact possible by internet. You are our central and most prominent person with whom we want to keep contact by any of the medium. We assure you that we shall always strive to be in contact with you in future also. Our medium is ready to provide you all the services relating to travels by way of hiring wide range of vehicles to make your journey most comfortable and luxurious. We strive that you may enjoy the journeys undertaken by you. We assure you that during the journey, you will get all the facilities like lodging, boarding and all other facilities through our experienced staff.

2.2 Mission: Taking People to Places & making them, Travel through Time, Travel with Taste and Travel from Tradition to Technology.  To be your friendly tour Operator, offering friendly advice and guidance for all your travel needs.  Our aim is to give you exceptional value for money.  We aim to provide fast and efficient service, from the first contact email till the end of operations/programme.  We aim to anticipate your needs and work towards providing maximum customer satisfaction.

2.3 Team:The team at Punjab Travels consisting of field staff and administrative personnel has more than decade of experience in serving the most demanding customers. We have the most experienced managing team and our staff (of drivers) is one of the most competent in the city to ensure that results are delivered. Our impressive list of corporate clients will vouch for our quality. And our leisure clients will second that without a doubt.

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2.4 Services:Your satisfaction is our first priority. We always give our best to customers to fulfill their requirements. We are providing following services in all over India: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Tours for Educational Institutes like Schools, Colleges, and Classes etc. L.T.C. Tours Marriage Functions Tours Customized Tours Corporate Tours Transportation Inter-City Tours

Punjab Travels Agency was established in a view to providing better bus services among the passengers and to serve with great dedication to all the passengers and providing best facilities among the bus services. Having providing the best facilities Punjab Travel Agency has made a very good name among all the people of India. Punjab Travel Agency contains largest flit of air-condition deluxe and super deluxe buses which are highly comfortable in India.

Punjab Travel Agency is best for daily service Operators. Punjab Travel Agency operates as the daily Service and Tour Operator covering 5 states of India. Punjab Travel Agency has fleet of more than 20 coaches with very well designed infrastructure and seating arrangements. Punjab Travel Agency has highest branches covering more than 20 cities. Punjab Travel Agency deals with more than 4000 people daily.

How are we different :

 Greater Convenience: Convenient ticket booking facility in Punjab Travels offices Multiple telephone lines for ticket enquiries Professionally managed staff Convenient office locations  Well maintained buses: Bus engineers provides supervision and guidance for the maintenance of the buses Punjab Travels also have professional and Certified service staff Punjab Travels is having well equipped, full fledge service station in ahmedabad Regular and preventive maintenance is scheduled and rigorously monitored to ensure condition
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of the buses Customers convenience, Valuable time, and safety are the key priorities of the Punjab Travels  Higher safety: Punjab Travels buses are equipped with worlds based safety features for safety of our valuable customers Punjab Travels onboard staff can be easily identified with Punjab Travels uniform The staff can communicate in regional and English language  More Comfort: Less vibration Less noise High quality suspension Comfortable seating arrangement Sufficient space for luggage Overhead compartments for Cabin bag Can Holder Sufficient leg space with leg rest Onboard flat screen T.V. and DVD Player for digital entertainment Like flight interior for long routes Convenient pickup and dropping points

2.5 Privacy Policy:Punjab Travels has adopted this privacy policy in order to ensure users of our commitment and dedication to privacy. Punjab Travels respects your right to privacy. Punjab Travels invites you to visit our Site to search or browse the Site without revealing who you are or registering with us. However, if you choose to give Punjab Travels personal information via the Internet, for example in response to the careers section, that Punjab Travels may need; it is our intent to let you know how Punjab Travels will use such information. If you tell us that you do not wish to have this information used as a basis for further contract with you, we will make an effort to respect your wishes.  Collection of IP addresses and the use of "Cookies" When you visit our Site, some information such as your Internet protocol address, Internet service provider, operating system, the Site from which you arrived, and the time and date of your visit may be collected automatically as part of the software operation of this Site. This intake of information is entirely anonymous. Punjab Travels uses this information solely for internal marketing purposes. Punjab Travels also collects information through the use of a technology called "cookies". A cookie is a small file that a web site can send to your browser, which is then stored on your system by your browser. The use of cookie technology on www.Punjabtravels.com is solely for internal marketing purposes. If you are uncomfortable accepting cookies from our Site or any other, you can set your browser to notify you when a Site attempts to send you a cookie, giving you the opportunity to decide for yourself whether or not to accept the cookies. You can also set your browser to turn off cookies.  Personal Information Whenever Punjab Travel & Tours collects information that you voluntarily submit, it is Punjab Travels intent to inform you of why this information is being requested and how it is going to be used. Punjab Travels will not sell, distribute, or give your personal information to any third party without your knowledge and consent.

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Tourism in Rajasthan
 Nature of Data on the Internet It is Punjab Travels intent to keep secure any personal information that you submit to us, and Punjab Travels will continue to take steps to maintain the security of this Site. However, the open nature of the Internet is such that data may flow over networks without security measures and may be accessed and used by people other than those for whom the data is intended. Therefore, in submitting personal information to the Site, you assume the risk of a third party obtaining that information.  Important security information - email scam The Punjab Travels website team has been made aware of a number of fake emails that appear to be sent from Punjab Travel & Tours asking users to confirm their email address or password. We would like to reassure users that we will never send you an email asking you to reconfirm your security details. If you do receive a suspicious email like this please delete it straight away and do not click on any of the links contained in it.

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Tourism in Rajasthan

3.1 About Rajasthan:-

Rajasthan, a state situated in North-Western part of India is the largest state by area. The state has a mix of desert area (Thar Desert) in west and Aravali Mountain ranges and plains in other parts. It shares its border with Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Pakistan Rajasthan is where all the country's images and similes appear to have come together. Sand dunes, wooded hills and amazing lakes, palaces and rugged forts, men and women in colorful turbans and skirts, bustling towns and quiet villages, camels, elephants and tigers, harsh sunlight and the cool evening breeze are all there in abundance. It is an incredible destination for the outdoor-tourist take a safari on horses, camels, elephants or even in jeeps, with the Aravalis - India's oldest mountain range as the backdrop. Feast your eyes on spectacular sand-dunes, take the tiger trail, or just watch the birds in the wetlands. You can also choose to pamper yourself in the lavish heritage properties. Rajasthan has something for everyone one just has to choose an activity appropriate to one's temperament.

3.2 History:-

Rajasthan was inhabited by the Rajput family in the 8th century. The waning of their power led to the emergence of Jats, Nath, Ahirs, Gujars, Bhils and Meenas, who established their dominance in the different districts of Rajasthan. It is noteworthy that these families largely influenced the culture of Rajasthan. The 12th century heralded the rule of the Muslims, who were followed by the Mughals. The people, culture and architecture of Rajasthan largely owe to the Mughal Empire.

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The Marwaris (people from Marwar) and Rajasthan's formerly independent kingdom created a rich architectural and cultural heritage, seen even today in their numerous forts and palaces (Mahals and Havelis) which are enriched by features of Muslim and Jain architecture. The development of the frescos in Rajasthan is linked with the history of the Marwaris, who have also played a crucial role in the economic development of the region. Many wealthy families throughout Indian history have links to Marwar. These families include the legendary Birla, Bhandari, Bajaj, Mittal and Mirza families.

3.3 Topography:The State has an area of 343,000 sq km. The capital city is Jaipur. The Aravali Range runs across the State from southwest Gurushikhar Peak (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 mt in height to Khetri in the northeast. This divides the State into 60 per cent in the northwest of the range and 40 per cent in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The area includes the Great Indian (Thar) Desert. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 mt above sea level) and more fertile, has a much diversified topography. In the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast a large area of the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland, and to the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River. Further north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of the alluvial basin of the Yamuna River.

The Thar Desert The Aravali outlines Rajasthan's most important division. The Chambal River, which is the only large and perennial river in the State, originates from its drainage to the east of this range and flows northeast. Its principal tributary, the Banas, rises in the Aravali near Kumbhalgarh and collects all the drainage of the Mewar plateau. Further north, the Banganga, after rising near Jaipur, flows east-wards before disappearing in Bharatpur district. The Luni is the only significant river west of the Aravali. It rises in the Pushkar valley of Ajmer and flows 320 km west-southwest into the Rann of Kachh. Northeast of the Luni basin, in the Shekhawati tract, is an area of internal drainage characterized by salt lakes, the largest of which is Sambhar Salt Lake. In the vast sandy north-western plain extending over the districts of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jalor, Sirohi, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Ganganagar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Pali and Nagaur, soils are predominantly salty. Water is scarce but is found at a depth of 30 to 61 mt. The soil and sand are calcareous (chalky). Nitrate in the soil increases its fertility, and, as has been shown in the area of the Indira Gandhi (formerly Rajasthan) Canal, cultivation is often possible where adequate water supplies are made available.

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The soils in the Ajmer district in central Rajasthan are sandy; clay content varies between three and nine per cent. In Jaipur and Alwar districts in the east, soils vary from sandy loam to loamy sand. In the Kota, Bundi and Jhalawar tract, they are generally black and deep and are well drained. In Udaipur, Chittaurgarh, Dungarpur, Banswara and Bhilwara districts, eastern areas have mixed red and black soils and western areas have red to yellow soils. Rajasthan is a north westerly State of India. It is bound on the west and northwest by Pakistan, on the north and northeast by the States of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, on the east and southeast by the States of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, and on the southwest by the State of Gujarat. The Tropic of Cancer passes through its southern tip in the Banswara district.

3.4 Language:As the State of Rajasthan was formed by merging the princely States, it has many dialects. The four main dialects are Marwari (in western Rajasthan), Jaipuri or Dhundhari (in the east and southeast), Malvi (Malwi in the southeast), and, in Alwar, Mewati is spoken, which shades off into Braj Bhasa in Bharatpur district. The main written and spoken language is Hindi. English is also commonly understood, except at the grassroots. However, tourist guides and interpreters are also available in French, Spanish, German and Japanese.

3.5 Climate:The climate of Rajasthan can be divided into four seasons: summer, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. Summer extends from April to June, and is the hottest season, with temperatures ranging from 32C to 45C. In western Rajasthan the temperature may rise even to 48C, particularly in May and June. At this time, Rajasthan's only hill station, Mt Abu registers the lowest temperatures. In the desert regions, the temperatures drop at night. Prevailing winds are from the west and sometimes carry dust storms (we call them aandhi). The second season, Monsoon, extends from July to September. Temperature drops, but humidity increases, even when there is slight drop in the temperature (35C to 40C). 90 percent of rains occur during this period. The Post-monsoon period is from October to November. The average maximum temperature is 33 C to 38 C, and the minimum is between 18 C and 20 C. Winter season extends from December to March. There is a marked variation in maximum and minimum temperatures and regional variations across the State. January is the coldest month of the year. The temperature may drop to 0C in some cities of Rajasthan like Churu. There is slight precipitation in the north and northeastern region of the State, and light winds, predominantly from the north and northeast. At this time, relative humidity ranges from 50 percent to 60 percent in the morning and 25 percent to 35 percent in the afternoon.

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3.6 Economy:-

Industrial plant near Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Rajasthan's economy is primarily agricultural and pastoral. Wheat and barley are cultivated over large areas, as are pulses, sugarcane, and oilseeds. Cotton and tobacco are the state's cash crops. Rajasthan is among the largest producers of edible oils in India and the second largest producer of oilseeds. Rajasthan is also the biggest wool-producing state in India and the main opium producer and consumer. There are mainly two crop seasons. The water for irrigation comes from wells and tanks. The Indira Gandhi Canal irrigates northwestern Rajasthan. The main industries are mineral based, agriculture based, and textiles. Rajasthan is the second largest producer of polyester fiber in India. The Bhilwara District produces more cloth than Bhiwandi, Maharashtra& the Bhilwara is the largest city in SUITINGS production and export. Several prominent chemical and engineering companies are located in the town of Kota, in western Rajasthan. Rajasthan is pre-eminent in quarrying and mining in India. The Taj Mahal was built from the white marble which was mined from a town called Makrana. The state is the second largest source of cement in India. It has rich salt deposits at Sambhar, copper mines at Khetri, Jhunjhunu and zinc mines at Dariba, Zawar mines at Zawarmala for zinc, rampura aghucha (opencast) near Bhilwara. Dimensional stone mining is also undertaken in Rajasthan: Jodhpur sandstone is mostly used in monuments, important buildings, residential buildings, etc. This stone is termed "chittar patthar". Rajasthan is now the preferred destination for IT companies and North India's largest integrated IT park is located in Jaipur and is named as Mahindra World City Jaipur covering nearly 3,000 acres (12 km2) of land. Some of the companies operating in Rajasthan include Infosys, Genpact, Wipro, Truworth, Deutsche Bank, NEI, MICO, Honda Siel Cars, Coca Cola and Procter & Gamble.

3.7 Culture:-

Camel ride in the Thar desert near Jaisalmer.

A decorated Indian elephant during a fair in Jaipur, India

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Rajasthan is culturally rich and has creative and cultural traditions which reflect the ancient Indian way of life. There is rich and varied folk culture from villages which is often depicted and is symbolic of the state. Highly cultivated classical music and dance with its own distinct style is part of the cultural tradition of Rajasthan. The music is uncomplicated and songs depict day-to-day relationships and chores, more often focused around fetching water from wells or ponds. The Ghoomar dance from Udaipur and Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. Folk music is a vital part of Rajasthani culture. Kathputali, Bhopa, Chang, Teratali, Ghindar, Kachchhighori, Tejaji etc. are the examples of the traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads which relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis (often accompanied by musical instruments like dholak, sitar, sarangi etc.) are also sung. Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zari embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture and handicrafts, carpets, and blue ceramic are some of the things commonly found here. Rajasthan is a shoppers' paradise, with beautiful goods found at low prices. Reflecting the colorful Rajasthani culture, Rajasthani clothes have a lot of mirror-work and embroidery. A Rajasthani traditional dress for females comprises an ankle length skirt and a short top, also known as a lehenga or a chaniya choli. A piece of cloth is used to cover the head, both for protection from heat and maintenance of modesty. Rajasthani dresses are usually designed in bright colours like blue, yellow and orange. The main religious festivals are Deepawali, Holi, Gangaur, Teej, Gogaji, Makar Sankranti and Janmashtami, as the main religion is Hinduism. Rajasthan's desert festival is celebrated with great zest and zeal. This festival is held once a year during winter. Dressed in brilliantly hued costumes, the people of the desert dance and sing haunting ballads of valor, romance and tragedy. There are fairs with snake charmers, puppeteers, acrobats and folk performers. Camels, of course, play a stellar role in this festival.

3.8 Todays Rajasthan:-

Rajasthan is a kaleidoscopic State where tradition blends with modernity. People are proud of their heritage and yet open to change and western values.

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Modern Rajasthan is now offering in services comparable to those available elsewhere in the world. It has remarkable roads and transport systems. Its roads are trafficked by some of the latest cars and buses, rickshaws, camel carts and horse drawn Tongas as well as improvised tempos. The markets are lined with shopping extravaganzas, with some of its stores being very posh.

Rajasthan offers wide ranging accommodation, from single bed dormitories costing USD 1 per night to some of the most elite and luxurious five-star deluxe hotels in the world. Most of these five-star deluxe hotels are palaces and forts, once home to the Rajasthan nobility. They offer a delightful experience with their regal lifestyle. The State owned RTDC runs a chain of hotels. Invariably available at every destination, these properties are also known as Tourist Bungalows. The chain provides reasonably priced accommodation in dormitory, single room, air cooled rooms and airconditioned rooms. Each hotel has a restaurant and some have a bar. Rajasthan is famous for its vibrant trade and industry. It is rich in mineral resources and a recent exploration also found large deposits of oil. Modern Rajasthan has some of the best banking services and is well serviced by ATMs honoring all international credit and debit cards.

Statistic:
S.NO Item 1. Area 2. Population (i) Urban (ii) Rural (iii) Sex Ratio (per 1000 male) (iv) Density (per sq. km.) Year 2001 2001 """" Unit Sq.Km. Numbers Particulars 342239 56507188 13214375 43292813 921 165 20 41353 17394 6393 49136 0.263 158240

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Cities & Towns (above 1 Lac population) Villages Net area sown Gross area irrigated Livestock (P) Registered Factories Roads
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" " 2003-04 " 1997 2004-05 2003-04

No. " `000 Hectare " '000 No. mn. No. Kms.

Tourism in Rajasthan
10. Educational Institutions 11. Village Panchayats 12. Panchayat Samities 2004-05 1999 1999 No. No. " 74034 9184 237

3.9 Transport:Rajasthan is connected by many national highways. Most renowned being NH 8, which is India's first 4-8 lane highway. Rajasthan also has an inter-city surface transport system both in terms of railways and bus network. All chief cities are connected by air, rail and road.  By Air: There are three main airports at Rajasthan- Jaipur airport, Udaipur airport and Jodhpur airport. These airports connect Rajasthan with the major cities of India such as Delhi and Mumbai.  By Rail: Rajasthan is connected with the main cities of India by rail. Jaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Udaipur and Jodhpur are the principal railway stations in Rajasthan. Kota City is the only Electrified Section served by three Rajdhani Expresses and trains to all cities of India.  By Road: Rajasthan is well connected to the main cities of the country by State and National Highways.

3.10 Important Cities and Towns:There are 33 districts with 222 cities and towns. Main cities of Rajasthan are Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Bikaner, Churu, Bharatpur, Bhilwara, Alwar, Sri Ganganagar, Pali, Makrana, Bundi, chittorgarh, Didwana, Sujangarh, Nagaur, Sikar, Hanumangarh, Pratapgarh Important cities and towns of Rajasthan are as follow:         Ajmer Alwar Bikaner Jaipur Jaisalmer Jodhpur Mount Abu Udaipur

Ajmer:-

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South west of Jaipur, Ajmer is an oasis wrapped in the green hills. The city was founded by Raja Ajay Pal Chauhan in the 7th Century A.D. and continued to be a major centre of the Chauhan power till 1193 A.D. Then Prithviraj Chauhan lost it to Mohammed Ghori, after which Ajmer became home to many dynasties. Today, Ajmer is a popular pilgrimage centre for the Muslims as well as Hindus. Especially famous is the Dargah Sharif-tomb of the Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti, which is equally revered both by the Hindus and the Muslims. Ajmer is a centre of culture and education. Ajmer is also the base for visiting Pushkar (14 km.) which has the distinction of having the only Brahma temple in the world. The Pushkar Lake is a sacred spot for Hindus. During the month of Kartik (Oct/Nov), devotees crowd in large numbers to take a dip in the sacred lake. Ajmer was also a favorite residence for the great Mughals. One of the first contacts between the Mughal King Jahangir and Sir Thomas Roe took place here in 1616. The Scandias took over the city in 1818 and then handed it over to the British. Thus Ajmer was the only region to be directly controlled by the East Indian Company.

Alwar:-

Alwar is known as "Tiger Gate" of San Luis Potosi. Surrounded by lush green Aravali hills and presents a breath taking natural environment. Forests and lakes form the backdrop to this beautiful place. The site is dotted with architectural splendor, surrounded by harsh mountains. The deep valleys and thick forest cover is a safe place for many species of birds and animals. It is one of the oldest cities in the state and its prehistoric and historic sites are an archaeologist's delight. Paradoxically, Alwar is both the oldest and the most recent of the Rajput kingdoms of Rajasthan. The grandeur, beauty and delicacy of the design of innumerable palaces and forts in the region, tranquil lakes, majestic hunting lodges, sites of archaeological importance, thick forests, many birds and animals mixed with an equally diverse socio - cultural configuration have made this region a traveler's delight.

Bikaner:-

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Lying in the north of the desert State, the city is dotted with scores of sand dunes. Bikaner retains the medieval greatness that permeates the city's lifestyle. More readily called the camel country; the city is distinguished for the best riding camels in the world and hence boasts of having one of the largest Camel Research and Breeding farms in the world. The ship of the desert is an inseparable part of life here. A camel besides being a mode of transport, also works on wells. These are built on high plinths with slender minarets on each of the four corners and can be noticed even from a distance. The history of Bikaner dates back to 1486 when a Rathore prince, Rao Bikaji founded his kingdom. Bikaji was one the five sons of Rao Jodhaji the illustrious founder of Jodhpur. But Rao Bikaji was the most adventurous of them. It is said that an insensitive remark from his father about his whispering in the Durbar provoked Bikaji to set up his own kingdom towards the north of Jodhpur. The barren wilderness called Jangladesh became his central point and he transformed it into an impressive city. He accomplished this task with 100 cavalry horses and 500 soldiers, and established his kingdom on 84 villages abandoned by the 'Shankhlas'. When Bikaji died in 1504 his rule had extended to over 3000 villages.

Jaipur:-

Jaipur is 260 km from Delhi and 240 km from Agra and forms the golden triangle of Delhi, Agra and Jaipur. It a busy capital city and a business centre with all the trappings of a modern metropolis but yet flavored strongly with an age-old charm that never fails to surprise a traveler. The old Jaipur painted in Pink can grip any visitor with admiration. Stunning backdrop of ancient forts: Nahargarh, Amer, Jaigarh and Moti Doongari are apt testimonials of the past era and a reminder of their lasting romance and courtesy. Jaipur is named after its founder, the warrior and astronomer sovereign, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh (ruled 1688 to 1744). The decision to move out of his hilltop capital Amer was also compelled by reasons of growing population and lack of water. Moreover in the early 17th century the power of the great Mughals was dwindling with its aging Monarch Aurangzeb. After several centuries of invasions the north was now quiet and the wealth of the kingdom had considerably increased. Jaipur is a corroborative evidence of Sawai Jai Singh's strong grounding in science and astrology and of a Bengali architect Vidyadhar with a strong instinct for planning.

Jaisalmer:-

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The name Jaisalmer evokes absolute magic and vibrancy of the desert. Its straight out of an Arabian Nights fable. The hostile ground despite the warmth and colour of people is simply overwhelming. One of the main draws is the daunting 12th century Jaisalmer Fort. The beautiful Havelis which were built by wealthy merchants of Jaisalmer are yet another interesting aspect of the desert city. And you can let your eyes caress the sloping sand dunes while you ramble your way in a camel safari. The desert stronghold is truly a golden fantasy in the Thar Desert. Bhati Rajput ruler Rawal Jaisal, after whom the city finds its name, founded Jaisalmer in 1156 AD. On advice of a local hermit Eesaal he chose the Tricut Hills as his new house, abandoning his vulnerable old fort at Luderwa just 16 kilometres northwest. In Medieval times, its prosperity was due to its location on the main trade route linking India to Egypt and Arabia. The Bhati Rajput rulers lined their coffers with gains from traditional taxes levied on passing by caravans. They also amassed wealth through questionable means.

Jodhpur:-

This full of life desert city is the second largest in Rajasthan after Jaipur. It was founded by Rao Jodha, the leader of the Rathore clan, in 1459 AD. The huge, impressive fort (Meherangarh) has a landscape dominating a stony edge with the eight gates leading out of fort. The new city is outside the structure. Jodhpur has two railway stations City and Rai ka Bagh. Both the railway stations are outside the walled city. The bus stand is right outside the Rai ka Bagh Station. The High Court is near the bus stand next to the Umed Gardens. Also located nearby is the tourist reception centre and RTDC Hotel Ghoomer. Ahead is the main market and entry to the walled city is from Sojati Gate. This area also has many hotels. Jodhpur is also an army and an air force station. It has a large cantonment and airbase.

Mount Abu:During the period of the Maharaja's, it was used as a place of leisure by the royalties and semiroyalties. The place presents an interesting contrast of British style bungalows and holiday lodges of the royals (Thikhana) with various tribal communities residing amidst the thick green forest on the hills surrounding the region. A rich collection of monuments of different religious sects like the famous shrines of Jainism are also found here. The tribal community of this area still maintains its pristine ways of living despite progress of the modern times.

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The flora and fauna enjoys the adulation of the tourist to the fullest. The highest point of the Aravali is the 'Guru Shikhar' with a vast sanctuary that shelters a number of species like langur, wild boars, Sambar, leopards and many more along with a number of flowering plants and trees, which enhance the beauty of the whole scenery.

Udaipur:-

Udaipur is often called Venice of the East. It is also the city of lakes. The Lake Palace (Jag Niwas) located in the middle of Pichola Lake is the finest example of architectural and cultural wonder. The grand City Palace on the banks of the lake along with the Monsoon Palace (Sajjan Garh) on the hill above enhances the beauty of this magnificent city. Udaipur is also the centre for performing arts, crafts and its famed small paintings. The Shilpgram festival is a great attraction on New Year. Maharana Udai Singh founded Udaipur in 1559 AD. According to a legend Udai Singh was guided by a holy man meditating on the hill near Pichola Lake to establish his capital on that very spot. Surrounded by Aravali Ranges, forests and lakes this place was less vulnerable to external attack than Chittaurgarh. Maharana Udai Singh died in 1572 and was succeeded by Maharana Pratap who bravely defended Udaipur from Mughal attacks. Maharana Pratap is the most revered Rajput icon who bravely fought the Mughals at the battle of Haldighati in 1576. Mewar continuously defied foreign invaders and has a history of bloody battles until the British intervention in the nineteenth century when a treaty was signed to protect Udaipur. Upon independence, Udaipur merged with the union of India.

3.11 Tourist Attractions:Important tourist attractions are as follow:      Palace on Wheels Fairs and Festivals Wild Life of Rajasthan Heritage Properties Adventure and Sports
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Tourism in Rajasthan
 Shopping

Palace on Wheels:-

Roll back the pages of time for one glorious week; recapture the pomp and show of a royal past in royal style. Step aboard the Palace on Wheels, once the personal railway coaches of the former rulers of the princely states of Gujarat and Rajputana, the viceroy of British India and the Nizam of Hyderabad. See Rajasthan in all its luxury and the Taj Mahal at Agra. A celebration of everything that is beautiful. A journey into the past on a luxury train. Traveling in the famed Palace on Wheels is one of the most memorable ways to explore India's stately luxury. Unquestionably it's an unparalleled experience to ride the replica carriages refurbished to look like the original saloons of the Maharajas, the former rulers of India. The Palace on Wheels is one of India's most attractive sojourns covering the pink state capital, Jaipur, the golden citadel, Jaisalmer, the blue city of Jodhpur, the National Park Ramthambhor; the symbol of chivalry, Chittaurgarh, romantic city of Lakes Udaipur, the bird sanctuary Bharatpur and the Mughal capital, Agra before returning to Delhi.

Fairs and Festivals:-

Rajasthan has one of the most colorful and vibrant deserts in the world. The great Thar Desert has much to offer through a plethora of celebrations. Festivals and fairs, music and dance, are a part of life in the State as well as in the desert. The yearlong festive passion and cattle marts turn into delightful fairs. Festivals hold an unusual attraction for the Rajasthani and they have any number of reasons to celebrate. Ceremony is in the form of weddings or rituals, or to promote trade. Each region has their own form of folk entertainment, traditions, and dialects adding to the Indian diversity. Some of the fairs are: Pushkar Fair, Desert festival, Elephant Festival and Camel festival. Having attained international repute, they are not to be missed.
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These festivals born out of age-old traditions, adorn the land with innumerable hues. Colours that are alive and unrestricted, and unify each soul who visits this magic land. These celebrations are characterized by rhythm, jest and passion. The spirit of romance, valour is all too apparent in some of the festivals.

Wild Life of Rajasthan:-

In spite of a comparatively hostile terrain, Rajasthan surprisingly is the house of a number of mammals and birds. Its vast size and latitudinal variations above the sea level of 1,700m provides it with varied plants. It provides semi green forests of Mount Abu to dry grasslands of the desert, and from the dry deciduous thorn forest of Aravali to wetlands of Bharatpur. The sanctuaries attract herds of species from all over to their temporary habitat that provides comfortable subsistence. During the season, the whole place echoes with enchanting sounds and fascinating visuals against the extensive meadows of flora. Rajasthan is the haven of the tigers and many rare species. The leopard also called the panther here is found in forests and in open degraded forest areas with rocky outcrops adjoining towns and villages. The sneaky predator finds easy prey of unsuspecting village dogs, asses, calves and goats. There five lesser cats besides the two big cats. Besides a host of fauna there is a handsome variety of avian life too. Wetlands at Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary at Bharatpur are a bird watchers delight.

Heritage Properties:-

Anybody possessing a fair knowledge of the history and culture of Rajasthan, if asked to delineate the chief characteristics of its rulers in the past world. Unhesitatingly mention their bravery, courage, determination, honor, loyalty, unflinching loyalty and transparent sincerity and simplicity. Another striking characteristic that none can fail to highlight is the warmth and hospitality. All these and more are reflected in various historical monuments like impregnable fortresses, defensive castles and composite Havelis which had been the abode of the nobility. The tradition of hospitality which is instant and spontaneous to visitors, guests and even strangers, continues undiluted since the days of kings and princes. This, in fact, forms part of the peoples life style throughout the territory of this land, and best sums up the ideal of atithi devo bhava.
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The chivalry and gallantry of the warrior clans are also reflected in the architecture of the aristocratic homes. Post independence democratic India witnessed the integration of the princely states, abolition of 'jagirs', land reforms and finally the withdrawal of the special privileges and Privy Purse from the royal families. Consequently the noble families lost their traditional means of livelihood. In order to tide over the prospect of financial hardship, large palaces of the Maharajas set the trend by becoming five star hotels. Others followed this trend. Now, some of the family homes to find sustenance in this new lease of life - as heritage hotels. Each of these heritage hotels or family homes is different, unique, having a history and tradition of its own. In fact one can replicate the experience of living like a king in a heritage hotel.

Adventure and Sports:-

Sir Edmund Hillary, the great Everester, whose thirst for adventure had proved enduring and never-ending, had found Rajasthan ideal for undertaking a journey on a camel caravan. It was an unusual way to choose to cross the arid Thar Desert. And, following in his footsteps, one can re-live the adventure. Fortunately, one can choose from a number of adventure sports options. Relax with golf, go vintage, or practice archery, go boating - in the Chambal River through the gorges of the Vindhayan plateau of Hadoti, or, go up in the air, for a bit of above ground tourism over heritage cities by small aircraft or in hot air balloons. The terrain in Rajasthan is tailor-made for most adventure sports, what with its Aravali and Vindhayan hills, the open desert tracts, the vast lakes and rivers, the wildlife parks, and little villages abandoned by the march of civilization as is known, but no less hospitable for it. And threading these together, a landscape where the paths and trails weave through a history rich with forts and palaces, mansions. And a culture that binds these together into a fascinating journey. Just spot and sport it out.

Shopping:-

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The state enfolds in its lap diverse breathtakingly beautiful and attractive art-de-facts. The range is unparalleled even while it is sophisticated in its simplicity. The state has something for every traveler, presenting a vast range of arts and crafts, which is a treat for the visuals and are ready to be picked. The bazaars spill with products and there is a magnificent glow of colours all over. Intricate work carved on handicrafts or the wonders of gems and stones, it has it all and even more. For instance, the colours dancing on the textiles and fabrics with silver or gold thread settings and complimented with variety of silk-threads, beads, gota, zari, zardosi, banarasi, etc. are designed by the age old families of skilled artisans. Tourist can do shopping of jewelry, paintings, miniature art, folk paintings, leatherwear, stone carving, metal craft, textile, blue pottery, terracotta, dhurries and carpets, wooden artifacts.

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4.1 Packages for Rajasthan:There are various tour packages available for Rajasthan. There are various tours and travel company available which provide different packages for tours in Rajasthan. Here I have taken two firms for comparison. The name of two firm is Punjab Travels Co. and Pavan Travels. Packages provided by two firms for Rajasthan are as below:  Desert of Rajasthan Tour (10nights / 11 days)  Rajasthan Wildlife Safari Tour (5nights / 6 days)  Rajasthan Travel Tour (9 nights / 10 days)

4.2 Comparison of Two Travels Company: Desert of Rajasthan Tour (10nights / 11 days) Punjab Travels Co. Places Jaipur, Agra, Ramthambhor tiger Reserve, Keoladeo bird santury, Bharatpur, Sikandra Mughal city. 10nights / 11 days 3 Star Hotels, Heritage Hotel Personal chauffer driven standard airconditioned car. INR 9,000 Pavan Travels Jaipur, Agra, Ramthambhor tiger Reserve, Keoladeo bird santury, Bharatpur, Sikandra Mughal city. 10nights / 11 days 3 Star Hotels, Heritage Hotel Personal chauffer driven standard airconditioned car. INR 10,500

Days Accommodation Transportation Cost

 Rajasthan Wildlife Safari Tour (5 nights / 6 days) Punjab Travels Co. Places Udaipur-Chittorgarh-Jodhpur-JaisalmerBikaner-Jaipur. 5nights / 6 days 3 Star Hotels, Heritage Hotel Personal chauffer driven standard airconditioned car. INR 7,500 Pavan Travels Udaipur-Chittorgarh-Jodhpur-JaisalmerBikaner-Jaipur. 5nights / 6 days 3 Star Hotels, Heritage Hotel Personal chauffer driven standard airconditioned car. INR 6,400

Days Accommodation Transportation Cost

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Tourism in Rajasthan

 Rajasthan Travel Tour (9 nights / 10 days) Punjab Travels Co. Places Shekhawati Region, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Pushkar, Jaipur, Udaipur, Mount Abu. 9 nights / 10 days 3 Star Hotels, Heritage Hotel Personal chauffer driven standard airconditioned car. INR 10,000 Pavan Travels Shekhawati Region, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Pushkar, Jaipur, Udaipur, Mount Abu. 9 nights / 10 days 3 Star Hotels, Heritage Hotel Personal chauffer driven standard airconditioned car. INR 12.300

Days Accommodation Transportation Cost

The factors such as places provided by travel companies, days of the tour decided by two companies, accommodation provided by travel companies, and transportation provided by two companies are same. The charges taken by both the companies for same tour package are different. The different tour packages are Desert of Rajasthan tour (10nights / 11 days), Rajasthan Wildlife Safari Tour (5nights / 6 days), and Rajasthan Travel Tour (9 nights / 10 days).

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4.3 Conclusion:On the basis of comparison of two travel companies, both companies have different charges for different tour packages and services. The comparison is done on the basis of factors such as places, days, accommodation, transportation, and cost. From given information, out of three packages provided by Punjab Travels and Pavan Travels, the desert of Rajasthan tour and Rajasthan Travel tour are available at low cost in Punjab Travels compare to Pavan Travels. Rajasthan Wildlife Safari tour is provided at low cost by Pavan Travels.

From the comparison, it shows that packages provided by Punjab Travels are good and available at low cost. It covers all important cities and town in their tour. They are providing good accommodation and travel facilities. From the comparison, it shows that packages provided by Pavan Travels are good but available at higher cost then Punjab Travels.

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Bibliography

       

www.rajasthantourism.gov.in www.punjabtravels.com www.pavantravels.in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_India http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism www.rajasthantourism.com http://www.indianholiday.com/tourist-attractions/rajasthan/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category%3ATypes_of_tourism

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