CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

GENERAL
Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. Transportation is vital for the economic development of any region since every commodity produced whether it is food, clothing, industrial products or medicine needs transport at all stages from production to distribution. The inadequacy transportation facilities retard the process of socio-economic development of the country. The adequacy of transportation system of a country indicates its economic and social development. The transportation by road is the only mode which could give maximum service to one and all. This mode also the maximum flexibility for travel with reference to route, direction, time, and speed of travel etc. so need a better planning, design, construction and maintenance of road. Even if the highways are well designed and constructed, they may require maintenance (repair).There are many methods for rehabiliting of pavement. White topping is special case for such repairs. White topping is the covering of an existing asphalt pavement with a layer of Portland cement concrete is a familiar technology Highway engineers used white topping concrete overlays placed on top of asphalt as early as 1918. Three type of white topping.1) conventional 2) ultra-white topping 3) thin white topping. Offering benefits that include long life and superior bonding to underlying material, white topping overlays grew in popularity through the mid-1970s, and ultra-thin white topping burst onto the scene in the early 1990s. Until recently, however, pavement engineers had no one clear resource or set of guidelines that they could refer to when determining where, when, or how to use white topping as a pavement option. White topping is divided into types depending on the thickness of the concrete layer and whether the layer is bonded to the asphalt substrate. Unbounded white topping, also called conventional white topping, uses concrete thicknesses of eight inches or more that is not bonded to the asphalt. Bonded white topping uses thicknesses of two to six inches bonded to the asphalt pavement and is divided into two types, thin and ultrathin. The bond is made by texturing the asphalt. Thin white topping uses a bonded layer of concrete that is four to six inches thick while an ultrathin layer is two to four inches thick. Ultrathin white topping is

suitable for light duty uses, such as roads with low traffic volume, parking lots and small airports. Fibre reinforced concrete is used in some thin white topping overlays and almost all ultrathin white topping overlays.

MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY

Both rigid and flexible pavement must withstand wheel loads, environmental effects, and temperature variations. Asphalt pavements deteriorate as a result of a combination of environmental and wheel load-related factors. Load-related stresses develop fatigue cracking and rutting, whereas environmental factors induce thermal cracking, block cracking, and weathering and ravelling (Uzarowski and Bashir, 2007). Due to these cracks, pavement loses load-carrying capacity and becomes more susceptible to adverse conditions leading to deterioration. White topping is rehabilitation treatments for asphalt pavements. There are Major rehabilitation treatments for asphalt pavements are Structural Overlays, Recycling, and Reconstruction. Generally pavement life is about 15 to 20 years. After construction of pavement road, road surface breaking by effect of wheel loads, environmental e ffects, and temperature variations. So there is need to rehabilitation for pavements. The cost of rehabilitation is sometimes twice of initially project cost. White topping decrease of thats cost and pavement life increase about 35 to 40 years.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study was to assess the behaviour of 5-in., 6-in., and 7.5-in. thin white toppings on existing 5-in., 7-in., and 9-in. AC pavements for different bonding conditions with the AC layer, shoulder conditions, and existing AC moduli. White topping responses for different temperature differentials were also assessed. Based on the behaviour of TWT, service lives were calculated for different truck traffic, and a design catalogue was developed for AC pavements overlaid with a thin white topping.

ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS

Chapter 1 is the introduction to the White topping and why use of overlay on the Asphalt Concrete.

Chapter 2 is the overview of thin white topping. Benefits and Feasibilities of the white topping. Chapter 3 describes the methodology the white topping. Chapter 4 describes the study area description Chapter 5 are represents of the data collection of the Thesis. Chapter 6 is represents of design analysis of bituminous overlay and white topping overlay. Chapter 7 describes result and conclusion.

SUMMARY
In this chapter, discuss about importance of transportation of any country. Roadways are main mode of transportation. Its require repairing periodically. The primary objective of this study what is white topping, and its application.