1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Production of solid waste will never have an end. And it will continue to pose as a challenge from generation to generation. Some of the impacts of solid waste are immediate, others are long term. And these are the reasons why solid waste should be properly and well managed on a day-to day basis, following a program anchored on the principles of sustainable development. The concentration of population in the urban areas has made solid waste management more challenging. There is the issue of inequity in the delivery of collection services particularly to the marginalized groups of society partly due to the inaccessibility of their informal settlement areas. There is also the accelerated diminishing of disposal space due to the large amount of solid waste generated daily and the low level of recycling activities considering the extreme difficulty in securing land areas that should be developed into sanitary landfills. And there is the common problem of inadequate financial resources to fund all the solid waste management requirements. The visible results may be dirty streets, the use of vacant lots as disposal areas, unsanitary living areas, clogged waterways exacerbating the occurrence of flood, and unsightly surroundings. Iloilo City is not exempt from the negative impacts of large amount of solid waste generated daily some of which include the accelerated use of the remaining spaces of the only final disposal area of the city; indiscriminate disposal into the waterways worsening the occurrence of flood. The Iloilo Flood Control Project implemented by the Department of Public Works and Highways has included Solid Waste Management as a component in which the Pilot Project on Community-based Solid Waste Management (CBSWM) is a part. The objective of the CBSWM is to demonstrate the doability of a community-based approach of organizing and implementing solid waste management based on RA 9003 and with bias on preventing the use of canals, drainage sytems, esteros/creeks and rivers as disposal areas. Thus, six project sites, three from Iloilo City and another three from the Municipality of Pavia, were selected as pilot sites for the implementation of CBSWM. These barangys have been selected based on set criteria agreed on by the barangay officials of the twenty-nine candidate barangays. One of these six project sites is the Iloilo River Improvement cluster in which on Barangays Tabucan, San Rafael, North San Jose, Tap-oc, San Pedro and Taal are members. 1.2 Scope of the SWM Program Specifically, the CBSWM is aimed at complying with the basic requirement of RA 9003 through different components and strategies such as segregation at source, separate collection, installation and operation of a materials recovery facility, information and public education, capability building opportunities for the community leaders, and monitoring system with the barangay taking the lead in the planning and implementation. The CBSWM shall ensure that waste segregation and

recycling are not substitutes to cleanliness because that primary function of the solid waste management program that will be put in place is to rid the barangay with solid waste and avoid the indiscriminate disposal of such into streets, vacant lots and waterways, thereby avoiding contributing to the periodic flooding of Iloilo City 1.3 Approach Seeing the success of the implementation of the CBSWM demonstration project on the three pilot barangays in Iloilo City, the DPWH, with official development assistance from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, has decided to extend the implementation of the provisions of RA 9003 by offering technical assistance to the barangays located within the project sites of the Iloilo Flood Control Project (Iloilo City and Municipality of Pavia). The main objective of the assistance was to ensure the sustainability of the Operations and Maintenance of the flood control projects by reducing the volume of solid wastes that end up in the rivers and floodway. The implementation of a doable solid waste management program is integral in achieving the said objective, As the implementing agency, the DPWH through its Consultants, ensures the participation of the different stakeholders in the different levels of the planning and implementation of the CBSWM Project. Foremost is the early recognition of and claim to the ownership of the project by the barangay officials, thus, taking the lead not only in the planning stage but in the implementation of the formulated barangay solid waste management program. The preparation of the CBSWM Program shall make use of secondary data already available with the General Services Office (GSO) and the City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO). Primary data shall be generated through surveys such as Waste Amount and Characterization Survey (WACS) and Knowledge, Attitude and Perception Survey (KAPS). Key informants shall be interviewed and ocular inspection shall be conducted. All these information shall be used as basis for the collective appreciation of the existing conditions and challenges that may be used as references in the formulation of the shared vision and program of the barangay. In addition to the duly elected officials, recognized leaders of the barangay shall be encouraged to participate as members of the core group. Structured learning experiences will be provided to increase capabilities in managing and supervising the project. To be able for the rest of barangay officials in Iloilo City to learn the most from the lessons in the implementation of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Program of the six pilot barangays, process documentation of activities and results will be conducted.

2.0 PLANNING AREA: CLUSTER 2.1 Background

ABOUT

ILOILO RIVER

IMRPOVEMENT

During the workshop on the selection of beneficiary barangays for the community-based solid waste management project of the Iloilo Flood Control Project on July 14, 2008, the participants has agreed on the criteria for the selection of barangays that will benefit the project. At the end of the day, the participants had selected six project sites. One of them is the Iloilo River Improvement cluster. The Iloilo River Improvement cluster is composed of 6 barangays of which two (2) from the district of Mandurriao and four (4) from the district of Molo. These barangays are 1) Tabucan, Mandurriao; 2) San Rafael, Mandurriao; 3) North San Jose, Molo; 4) Tap-oc, Molo; 5) San Pedro, Molo; and 6) Taal, Molo.
.

Figure 1. Location Map of Six Project Sites of CBSWM

2.2 Geography/Land Area The cluster has a total land area of 2, 094, 626 square meters where Barangay San Rafael, Mandurriao having the biggest area with 1,130,963, followed by Barangay Tabucan, Mandurriao with 354,357.54, Barangay Taal, Molo with 292,754, Barangay San Pedro, Molo with 169,631.93, Barangay North San Jose, Molo with 105, 247 and Barangay Tap-oc, Molo with the smallest land area with 41, 472.91. Iloilo River Improvement Cluster is bounded by Barangay Buhang Taft North and Barangay Abeto Mirasol in north, in south by Barangay North Avacea, Barangay

Poblacion and Barangay North Timawa, in east by Barangay Nabitasan, Barangay Bolilao, and Barangay Inday, and in west by Barangay Tabucan Airport, Barangay Nava-is and Barangay South San Jose. Figure 2. Map of the Iloilo River Improvement Cluster

2.3 Population The total population of the Iloilo River Improvement Cluster is 10, 137 where Brgy Tabucan, Mandurriao has 2,576 as the highest, Brgy San Pedro, Molo with 2,509, Brgy Taal, Molo with 1,455, Brgy San Rafael, Mandurriao with 1,432, Brgy North San Jose with 1, 359 and Brgy Tap-oc with the least population of 806. The cluster has a total of 1,908 households with Brgy Tabucan having the largest with 502, followed by Brgy San Pedro with 378, Brgy North San Jose, Brgy Taal, Brgy San Rafael, and Brgy Tap-oc with 308, 255, 243 and 222 respectively. 2.3.1 Projected Population In ten years time, the projected population is expected to increase from 10, 219 to 12,063 in 2017 using the 2007 census data as the base year. Table 1. Tabulated Projected Population of Iloilo Improvement Cluster
Year Pop. 2008 10,21 9 2009 10,378 2010 10,57 3 2011 10,77 5 2012 10,97 8 2013 11,18 8 2014 11,40 0 2015 11,65 3 2016 11,83 7 2017 12,063

*Projected Population was computed with a growth rate of 1.815 for Iloilo City based on NSO.

2.3.2 Age & Sex Distribution The figure below shows the consolidated age and sex distribution for the six barangays. Collectively, 52% of the population of the Iloilo River Improvement cluster is women for 2007. Majority of the population belong to the age group of 1529 years old.
Figure 2. Age and Sex Distribution
Age 80 and abov e Age 75-79 Age 70-74 Age 65-69 Age 60-64 Age 55-59 Age 50-54 Age 45-49 Age 40-44 Age 35-39 Age 30-34 Age 25-29 Age 20-24 Age 15-19 Age 10 - 14 Age 5 - 9 Age 1 - 4 Under 1 year 500 400 300 200 100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 MALE FEMALE

2.4 Socio-Economic Condition The major sources of livelihood in the cluster include employment with the government and private institutions, others being merchants, vendors, laborers and drivers, overseas workers, butchers, buy and sell, entrepreneur and masonry. There are 8 identified bakery/bakeshops, 1 native delicacies, 1 noodles, 3 laboratories, 1 garments and embroidery, 4 furniture factory-wooden, 1 furniture factory-metal, 5 engineering works and mechanical shops, 2 fashion accessories, and 2 water refilling stations manufacturing industry. The commercial establishments present in the cluster are 103 sari-sari store; 34 restaurant/carinderia; 20 medical clinic; 16 boarding houses; 8 construction and concrete products, car/jeep parts and supplies, internet station ; 7 hardware and electrical supplies;5 beauty parlors/barber shop, tutorial services; 4 financial institution and banks, gasoline stations, xerox copier; 3 insurance/ dealer in securities, gen. services/constructors/arrastre services, tailoring, courier services; 2

grocery, motorcycles and bicycles supplies, school and office supplies, bags and footwear store, printing press, charitable institutions, travel agency, hotel, performing arts; and 1 agriculture equipment and supplies, photo center and supplies, appliance, jewelry shop and store, video, beta tapes center, pawnshop, drugstore, public market, talipapa, real estate, memorial park, hospital, boutique, laundry shop, and animal clinic.
Table 3. Manufacturing Industry and Commercial Establishments
Manufacturing Industry Bakery/Bakeshop Native Delicacies Noodles Laboratories Garments and Embroidery Furniture Factory Wooden Furniture Factory - Metal Engineering Works and Mechanical Shop Fashion Accessories Water Refilling Station Number 8 1 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 2 Commercial Establishment Grocery Sari-Sari Store Hardware and Electrical Supplies Construction and Concrete Products Car/Jeep Parts & Supplies Motorcycles & Bicycles Supplies Agriculture Equipment & Supplies School & Office Supplies Photo Center & Supplies Appliance Restaurant/Carinderia Medical Clinic Boarding House Others Number 2 103 7 8 8 2 1 2 1 1 34 20 16 67

Source: Barangay Profiles

3.0 PRESENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 3.1 Present Waste Generation, Composition and Waste Density The WACS used for Iloilo River Improvement Cluster was patterned with that of Barangay Sta. Filomena, Arevalo, Iloilo City since both are mixed with residential houses and commercial establishments. The estimated generation per person per day is 0.726 kgs. Thus, for 2008, the total waste generation of Iloilo River Improvement cluster per day is 7,419 kgs. The solid waste of Iloilo River Improvement cluster is classified into 13 types namely: paper, glass, metal, plastic, kitchen waste, yard waste, textiles, rubber, other organic, other inorganic, hazardous, special waste and others. Biodegradable waste composed of kitchen waste, yard waste represents 38.11% while the traditional recyclable material comprises 37.51% (plastic, paper, glass and metal).

Figure 3. Composition of the Solid Waste of Iloilo River Improvement Cluster

Waste Composition for Brgy. Sta. Filomena 2003 Textiles 1.52% Yard Waste 17.90% Special 7.00% Hazardous 0.08% Other Inorganic 0.69% Other Organic 0.52% Kitchen Waste 29.12% Plastic 16.32% Rubber/Leather 0.30%

Others 1.24% Paper 19.62% Glass 2.93% Metal 2.76%

Based on WACS 2003 of Brgy Sta.Filomena, Arevalo, Iloilo City

3.2 Storage Devices and Segregation at Source Based on the Pre Knowledge, Attitude and Practices survey (KAPS, 2008) conducted, 78.1% of the respondents of the cluster use plastic shopping bag as garbage container, 50.9% use sacks for their garbage, 11.9% used plastic bin , 11% black garbage bag, 7.3% use drum, 3.1% use carton box and 2.7% use other storage bins. Figure __. Storage devices used by the households of the Iloilo River Improvement Cluster

Segregation of waste is practices by most residents of the cluster but not in the right way based on the KAP Study August 2008. According to the survey, 75% segregate their wastes into recyclable and non-recyclable and only 5.1% practice proper waste

segregation in which they separate their wastes into biodegradable, resideul and recyclable wastes. Selling recyclable wastes is the leading reason for practicing segregation. 3.3 Collection System The office responsible for the collection of solid waste is the General Services Office (GSO). It accomplishes its collection responsibility through the use of municipal employees that are supported by the services of a private collection contractor, J.S. Layson Contractor. Barangay San Rafael and Brgy Tabucan in Mandurriao, Iloilo and Brgy. Taal in Molo has a collection schedule of residuals everyday from 2 AM-5 AM, according to the J.S.Layson. Brgy North San Jose, Tap-oc, and San Pedro have a collection schedule everyday from 8:00 PM - 11:00 Table __ summarizes the collection schedule of the cluster members. The collection equipment used is an old but functional Isuzu Forwarder Garbage Compactor with a volume capacity of 10 cubic meter or 2.5 tons. The average size of collection crew is 4 including the driver. Table __. Current Collection Schedule of the Iloilo River Improvement Cluster Barangay Brgy. San Rafael Brgy. Tabucan Brgy. Taal Brgy. North San Jose Brgy. Tap-oc Brgy. San Pedro
Source: JS Layson Contractor

Schedule of Collection Daily Daily

Time 2:00 5:00 AM 8:00 11:00 PM

Some households are aware that the garbage fee is paid every time they pay their real property tax though others think that it is a free service by the city. The barangay does not charge any fee for collection. However, some households pay minimal amounts to collectors since some of them are only volunteer workers relying on whatever recyclable materials they can recover. 3.4 Disposal System There is only one final disposal facility in Iloilo City, the Calajunan Dumpsite in Mandurriao District. This is a 23-hectares open dumpsite wherein 10-hectares of which is planned to be converted into a sanitary landfill. It started its operation in 1989 and accommodates 160 tons of garbage a day. The present volume of waste in the area is placed at around 300,000 cubic meters, with the garbage mound as high as 5 meters. At present, a 3-hectare controlled dumpsite served as a transition dumping area.

3.5 Street Sweeping The streets, sidewalks, curbsides and vacant lots in the barangay are relatively clean. Street sweepers from the General Services Office only cater to the major roads of the barangays. Cleanliness of the streets within the barangay is the responsibility of the residents. 3.6 Recycling and Junkshops There are more or less 10 informal primary collectors that go around the barangay collecting recyclable materials from households. Most of the materials collected are bottles, tin cans and PET plastics. The materials collected are taken to the junkshop within the barangay and bigger junkshops in nearby barangays. 3.7 Solid Waste Management Organization 3.7.1 Barangay Committee on Health and Sanitation A barangay is required by the Department of Interior and Local Government to constitute at least 7 committees, each barangay official chairing at least two. The closest committee that is tasked with solid waste management or cleanliness of the barangay is the Committee on Health and Sanitation. 3.7.2 Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC) The Constitution of a Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee is required by RA 9003 which was reiterated by DILG in its Memorandum Circular to the LGUs in April 2001. The creation of BSWMC in the cluster is as follows: Barangay North San Jose, Molo, Iloilo City through Resolution No. 6 series of 2008 on the 12th of October. Barangay Tap-oc, Molo, Iloilo City through Executive Order No. 1 series of 2008 on the 14th day February. Barangay San Pedro, Molo, Iloilo City through Executive Order No.2 series of 2008 on the 15th day of September. Barangay Taal, Molo, Iloilo City through executive Order No. 6 series of 2008 on the 20th day of July Barangay Tabucan, Mandurriao, Iloilo City through Executive Order No. 001 series of 2008 on 1st day of June. Barangay San Rafael, Mandurriao, Iloilo City through Resolution No. 026 series of 2008 on the 30th of November. The Barangay responsibilities: Solid Waste Management Committee has the following

1. Formulate the Barangay Solid Waste Management Program consistent with the city/municipal SWM plan; 9

2. Segregate/collect biodegradable, compostable and reusable waste; 3. Establish materials recovery facility; 4. Allocate barangay funds and look for sources of funds; 5. Organize core coordinators; and 6. Submit monthly report to the city/municipality. 3.7.3 Core Group Members and Street Leaders The organization of the Core Group is also mandated by RA 9003. The core group serves as the technical working group of the BSWMC. On the other hand, the street leaders who are residents of the barangay, serve as the street coordinators where they live to facilitate communication dissemination. Barangay North San Jose, Molo, Iloilo City through Resolution No. 6 series of 2008 on the 12th day of October Barangay Tap-oc, Molo, Iloilo City Barangay San Pedro, Molo, Iloilo City through Resolution No. 02 series of 2008 on the 15th day of September. Barangay Taal, Molo, Iloilo City Barangay Tabucan, Mandurriao, Iloilo City Barangay San Rafael, Mandurriao, Iloilo City Only Barangay North San Jose and Barangay San Pedro have formalized the creation of the core group through a barangay resolution. The others have identified core group members though they are not yet formalized in a resolution/executive order form. 3.7.4 Technical Working Group (TWG) The barangay captains of the member cluster barangays composed the Technical Working Group of the cluster. The organization of the TWG was done on August 15 2008. The TWG will act as decision-makers for the planning and implementation of the solid waste management program for the cluster. It is their responsibility to clarify issues, formulate strategies and develop action plans for the program,. They are also tasked to ensure and improve coordination among the committees. The group is composed of five committees. The five committees are the Collection Committee, MRF Committee, Composting Committee, IEC Committee, and Enforcement and Maintenance Committee. Figure __ shows the composition of the TWG of the Iloilo River Improvement cluster.

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Figure __. Technical Working Group of the Iloilo River Improvement cluster

3.8 Barangay Budget for Solid Waste Management The members of the Iloilo River Improvement cluster do not have a documented Barangay Solid Waste Management Program. As such, it does not have a budget specifically allocated to solid waste management. The solid waste management activity in the cluster was very much focused on garbage collection. Collection services are directly contracted and paid by the City government. 3.9 Legislations on Solid Waste Management The Iloilo City government passed the Regulation Ordinance No. 2004-149 also known as the Iloilo City Environmental Code of 2004 on June 16, 2004. The code will set the basis for the implementation, management and regulation of the solid waste management program of the city. Prior to the passage of the Republic Act 9003, not a single ordinance on solid waste management was passed and implemented by the cluster/barangay. 3.10 Solid Waste Management Concerns and Issues

Based on the surveys conducted, inspections of the area, consultations and workshops conducted in the barangay, the following concerns and issues have been identified: a. 5% of the pre-KAP survey respondents do not segregate their wastes;

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b. Out of the 95% respondents who segregate their wastes, only 5.1% segregate their waste properly into three (3) types; Biodegradable, Recyclable, and Residuals; c. 77% of the total respondents of the Pre-KAP survey are informal settlers and according to the punong barangays, these are the people who dispose their garbage improperly like throwing their garbage directly to the river among others; d. Some people burn their garbage causing air pollution and violating the requirement of Clean Air Act and the IRR of RA 9003; e. Absence of an appropriate collection services for segregated wastes.

4.0 WASTE AMOUNT FORECAST The result of the waste amount and characterization survey established the basis for projecting the amount of waste in the following years. The waste amount forecast is based on the increase of population and the increase of 1.5 % yearly of the generation rate per capita. As of 2008, the Iloilo River Improvement cluster produced 7,419 kgs. of garbage per day and expected to increase to 10,014 kgs. in 2017.

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Table 6. Projected Waste Generation Per Project Site

Barangay Tabucan Projected Waste Generation Waste Generation Per Person Per day Barangay San Rafael Projected Waste Generation Waste Generation Per Person Per day Barangay North San Jose Projected Waste Generation Waste Generation Per Person Per day Barangay Tap-oc Projected Waste Generation Waste Generation Per Person Per day Barangay San Pedro Projected Waste Generation Waste Generation Per Person Per day Barangay Taal Projected Waste Generation Waste Generation Per Person Per day TOTAL Projected Waste Generation 7,419 7,647 7,908 8,180 8,459 8,750 9,050 9,389 9,681 10,014 Waste Generation Per Person Per day 0.726 0.737 0.748 0.759 0.771 0.782 0.794 0.806 0.818 0.830

Year

Population

Population

Population

Population

Population

Population

2008

2,624

0.726

1,905

1,459

0.726

1,059

1,384

0.726

1,005

821

0.726

596

2,097

0.726

1,522

1,834

0.726

1,331

10,219

2009

2,674

0.737

1,970

1,487

0.737

1,096

1,374

0.737

1,012

837

0.737

617

2,137

0.737

1,575

1,869

0.737

1,377

10,378

2010

2,725

0.748

2,038

1,515

0.748

1,133

1,400

0.748

1,047

852

0.748

637

2,177

0.748

1,628

1,904

0.748

1,424

10,573

2011

2,776

0.759

2,107

1,544

0.759

1,172

1,426

0.759

1,083

869

0.759

660

2,219

0.759

1,685

1,941

0.759

1,474

10,775

2012

2,829

0.771

2,180

1,573

0.771

1,212

1,453

0.771

1,120

885

0.771

682

2,261

0.771

1,742

1,977

0.771

1,523

10,978

2013

2,883

0.782

2,255

1,603

0.782

1,254

1,481

0.782

1,158

902

0.782

705

2,304

0.782

1,802

2,015

0.782

1,576

11,188

2014

2,938

0.794

2,332

1,633

0.794

1,296

1,509

0.794

1,198

919

0.794

730

2,348

0.794

1,864

2,053

0.794

1,630

11,400

2015

2,993

0.806

2,412

1,664

0.806

1,341

1,578

0.806

1,271

934

0.806

753

2,392

0.806

1,927

2,092

0.806

1,686

11,653

2016

3,050

0.818

2,494

1,696

0.818

1,387

1,567

0.818

1,282

954

0.818

780

2,438

0.818

1,994

2,132

0.818

1,744

11,837

2017

3,108

0.830

2,580

1,728

0.830

1,434

1,597

0.830

1,326

973

0.830

808

2,484

0.830

2,062

2,173

0.830

1,804

12,063

Based on the WACS of Brgy. Sta. Filomena, 2003.

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Population

5.0 The BARANGAY ECOLOGICAL SWM PROGRAM 5.1 Vision To remove all illegal settler on the riverside and bring back the pristine quality of Iloilo River.

5.2 Mission Implement the Ecological Solid waste Management Act also known as RA 9003 5.3 Objectives The objectives of the clusters as a result of the 2nd SWM workshop conducted are as follows: 1. To have a functional and active Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee 2. To have a successful segregation at source, there will be a strict implementation of RA 9003 3. Storage signage will be used and maintained for the storage bins 4. Every district will have their own garbage truck to collect daily to maintain cleanliness 5. There will be a MRF structure which can provide income for the host barangay and the residents 6. Form a cooperative to invest in a composting machine with a technical assistance from concerned agency 7. To formulate ordinances and resolutions for separation of special wastes 8. To encourage the barangay officials and the constituents to cooperate and unite for the common good 9. Tap PNP for the enforcement of the sanitation law

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10. To put the Local Government Units and Department of Environmental and Natural Resources on the alert level for the violations of the environmental laws 11. To heighten the awareness of the barangay officials on their roles and responsibilities in order to monitor the compliance on the environmental laws 12. To continue the conduct of the IEC programs and campaigns 5.4 Ten Year Solid Waste Diversion Target The ten year solid waste diversion target of the SWM Program of Iloilo River Improvement Cluster computed against the projected quantities for recycling and disposal. It is reflected on Table 7.

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Table7. Projected Solid Waste Quantities For Recycling and Disposal for the Iloilo River Improvement Cluster

2008 Population Waste Generation per capita per person per day Waste Generation (kg/day)
10,219

2009
10,378

2010
10,573

2011
10,775

2012
10,978

2013
11,188

2014
11,400

2015
11,653

2016
11,837

2017
12,063

0.726

0.737

0.748

0.759

0.771

0.782

0.794

0.806

0.818

0.830

7,419

7,649

7,909

8,178

8,464

8,749

9,052

9,392

9,683

10,012

Target % of Waste Diversion

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

Total Diverted SW (kg/day)

2,003

2,142

2,294

2,453

2,624

2,800

2,987

3,193

3,389

3,604

SW for Disposal (kg/day)

5,416

5,507

5,615

5,725

5,840

5,949

6,065

6,199

6,297

6,516

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5.5 Strategies and Components of the Barangay Ecological SWM Program 5.5.1 Recycling The heart of the ecological solid waste management system is waste reduction towards achieving sustainable development without sacrificing cleanliness and health and sanitation. Waste reduction can be achieved through source reduction, composting and recycling. As defined by law, recycling is the process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new products or used as raw materials for the production of other goods. As such, recycling requires facilities to conduct the processes, i.e. As a process, there are three steps involved in recycling, namely, segregation at source, collection and manufacturing. 5.5.2 Source Segregation is the first step in recycling. This step is mandated by RA 9003. It is the practice of separating the different materials found in solid waste, each type placed in a separate container that is properly marked or identified. The materials that will require separate storage are: biodegradable waste, recyclable materials, residual waste and special waste and bulk waste. By segregating at source, contamination of the recyclable materials by the biodegradable waste and/or special waste is avoided thereby preserving the value of the recyclable materials. Further, segregating at source facilitates recovery of the recyclable materials that will subsequently be processed in the factories and the biodegradable waste in the composting facility. A signage citing RA 9003 and prohibited acts with its penalties including segregation at source. This will be placed in strategic locations within the barangay. 5.5.3 Collection is the second step in recycling, and as mandated by the law, the collection of the different types of solid waste shall also be collected separately through separate schedules. The collection of recyclable materials shall be conducted by primary collectors with the use of trisikad or pushcart. The collected materials shall be taken to the Materials Recovery Facility for intermediate processing. Biodegradable waste that shall not be covered by the composting activity of the barangay shall be collected by the LGU, particularly the GSO. Residual and special wastes shall also be collected by the LGU. The collection of bulk wastes shall be specially arranged with the LGU/GSO. For the cluster, the collection of the recyclables will be every upon call by an officer-in charge per barangay to the MRF staff of Barangay San Rafael, Mandurraio including the collection point. The cluster may opt to have a collection point placed in strategic locations. For this system, the residents of each barangay are recommended to place their waste at the collection point at a specific time and day. The primary collector then collects the wastes at the collection point and be delivered to the MRF.

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The third step in recycling is manufacturing. It is at the manufacturing level that the solid waste materials are transformed into new products ready for distribution. For the residual collection, the cluster decided to have their collection every night from 9-10 P.M. The collection of recyclables and biodegradable is as needed. The punong barangays will send a text message to Punong Barangay Tabuyoc who will host the MRF as soon as there are recyclables and biodegradable and its collection point so that the host barangay for the MRF can save time and its operation expenses. 5.5.4 Materials Recovery Facility RA 9003 (Section 32) requires the establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays in a barangay-owned or leased land or any suitable open space to be determined through its Sanggunian. MRF according to the Handbook on Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and its IRR includes a solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop off center, a composting facility and a recycling facility. Thus, MRFs (RA 9003-Section 33) should be designed to receive, sort, process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently with due consideration to safe and efficient external access and internal flow. A single MFR building may accommodate both composting and the processing of dry recyclable items. However, it may also be dedicated to composting alone or processing of dry recyclable materials alone such as plastics, metals, paper, glass and others. In the case of a MRF dedicated to composting, an Environmental Clearance Certificate is required if the amount of materials processed is 15 tons per day or equivalent to 10,000 bags of compost product at 50 kilograms per bag. The waste generated at the household level will be collected or purchased by the MRF sikad and delivered to the MRF. At the institutional level, an Eco-Savers club will be implemented in which the students will be given a passbook that will take account of every transaction with the MRF. An MRF was constructed in Brgy San Rafael, Mandurriao, Iloilo City for the Iloilo River Improvement Cluster. The lot, hollowblocks and cement were donated by Kauturan Pison Development Corporation (KAPIDECO). It has a floor area of 13.4 sq.m and volume capacity of 33 cu.m. The structure is made of concrete materials.

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Figure 7. Mechanism of MRF Operation

Figure 4. Basic Flow of Activities in the MRF

The primary collector unloads from the trisikad or pushcart on the designated area in the MRF the materials collected from his assigned route. With the help of the assigned sorters, the materials are sorted according to type, i.e old newspaper, brown carton, white paper or mixed paper; pet plastics, hard plastics, assorted plastic; aluminum cans, scrap iron, etc., then packed or baled. When the MRF is full, selling is ready. The monitored buying prices of the different junkshops or consolidators should be referred to for the best prices. Recording and bookkeeping is required in the MRF. Prior to the implementation of the system, it is required that how the sales be handled or kept should be agreed on. Seed capital may also be needed to buy from households (if household wants to sell his materials) or from walk-in sellers. The MRF operation should be supervised by the Chairman of the MRF Operation. Members of the MRF Operation committee shall be composed of (a) one (1) finance

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officer that will record all transactions of the MRF; (b) one (1) collector that will collect the recyclable materials generated at the household and institutional level; (c) one (1) sorter or recycler that will conduct further sorting of the collected recyclable materials. The finance officer should update the revenues and expenditures of the MRF. Purchase of supplies, tools, materials, marketing or selling of recyclable materials and other transactions should be done with the approval of the Chairman or duly authorized representative. The finance officer will also open a bank account to any reputable bank with concurrence of the BSWMC Chairman. Regular reporting to the BSWMC should be practiced. The Committee must oversee the financial status of the project and do periodic inspection of supplies, tools, and stocks or recyclable materials. 5.5.5 Composting To ensure sustainability of the practice, low technology and low- cost composting shall be introduced in the barangay. This means that mechanized composting that will entail operations and maintenance costs shall not be a priority. Backyard composting shall be promoted considering that a large number of residences have backyards. A community-based composting shall also be tried if there is available space in the barangay. Compost products will be used as garden soil enhancers of the ornamental plants of the barangay. If quality is ensured, the compost product may also be used as soil enhancer of vegetable gardens leading to organic urban vegetable farming. The amount of biodegradable waste that will be composted will be quantified to form part of the diversion rate achieved by the barangay. As much as possible, the cluster wants to practice backyard composting but for barangays which cannot do so, their compostable will be collected by the eco-aide provided by Barangay San Rafael and will be brought to the host barangay for composting. Monitoring of households practicing backyard composting should be practiced. The amount of biodegradable waste that will be composted will be quantified to form part of the diversion rate achieved by the barangay. 5.5.6 Final Disposal All residual and some biodegradable wastes collected from the barangay will be transported directly to the Calajunan Dumpsite.

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Figure 5. Flow of Source-Segregated Waste in the Barangay

Types of

waste

HH storage device

Collection

Immediate Destination

Final Destination

Recyclable Materials Plastic bags Biodegrada ble Waste Plastic Bins Sacks Can Residual Waste

Pushcart Trisikad

MRF
Consolidator

Factory: Manila, Cebu Gardens

LGU truck

Backyard Composting Facility (DS)

LGU truck Carton box

CDF or SLF

SLF

5.5.7 Information Dissemination and Public Education In order that the residents and the establishments in the area will understand why they should and how they would participate in the program would require information dissemination and education. The ultimate goal is to make ecological solid waste management part of the lifestyle of the people in the pilot barangays with the following objectives: Increase the level of awareness of the public on the requirement of RA 9003 and on the waste segregation program of the barangay; Increase yearly the level of public participation in segregation at source; Meet the waste diversion target of 27% in 2008 including the targets for the next years; Reduce yearly the practice of burning garbage, dumping in vacant lots and throwing into the creeks and rivers; Information Dissemination and public education shall be a continuing process. The message and timing of dissemination shall be appropriate for the project activity for the period. Barangay Officials, Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC) members, and core group members are greatly invited for their involvement in this endeavor. Representatives from concerned agencies like Department of Environmental and Natural resources (DENR), General Services Office (GSO) among others will be invited to give lecture-demonstration.

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Following matrix shows the information and education (IEC) plan of the Solid Waste Management Program of the Iloilo River Improvement Cluster. Table 8. IEC Plan of the SWM Program of Iloilo River Improvement Cluster
Message Material / Activity Flyers Flyers, posters Note: the data are incorporated in the Project intro flyer for the households and the poster shall be posted in the bgy hall and in the MRF. Two-fold flyer Target Audience Barangay Officials Barangay Officials, project leaders, households Time of Distribution Planning Period During planning period and Prior to the implementation of the SWM System in the barangay

Provisions of RA 9003

Project Introduction: project description, schedule of collection, project leaders, waste generation and composition Different types of recyclable materials

Barangay households, establishments, institutions.

A week prior to the implementation of the collection system

Poster

MRF establishments, Institutions;

Same time as the project introduction And establishment of the MRF

How to do Backyard Composting

Project Introduction Flyer

Households

Upon finished printing and during pulongpulong & After validating that the household is RA 9003 compliant based on standard evaluation system,

This household/ establishment is RA 9003 compliant

Sticker

Households establishments

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Message Learning Experiences:

Material / Activity MRF Visit

Target Audience Zone leaders, students, business sector, organized groups in the barangay Pupils and students

Time of Distribution Launching; anytime of the year.

Organization of Eco Saver club Presentation of the project results; hosting of the MRF visits

Before the start of the MRF Operation After the Survey Post-KAP

Barangay officials, project leaders

5.5.8 Capability Building and Support Activities The implementation of RA 9003 is by large a devolved function to barangays. As such, enabling activities are focused to learning opportunities that are aimed at empowering the community leaders namely, barangay officials, and members of the solid waste management committee, core group members, street leaders, primary collectors and LGU collectors: Further, since this specific program is a pilot project aimed at providing the necessary experience and lessons for possible replication, the assigned personnel of the General Services Office and the City Environment and Natural Resources Office are provided other learning opportunities on the project management level. Such learning opportunities include the following: Taking the lead in the selection process of the pilot barangays; Participation in the conduct of the following surveys: - Knowledge, Attitude, Perception Survey; - Junkshop Survey; Orientation on the basics of ecological solid waste management particularly on the requirements of RA 9003; Planning Workshops in the preparation of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Program;

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 Planning activities on the preparation of work and financial programs; Participation in public hearing; Preparation of different IEC materials; Preparation of the guidelines and orientation on the operation and management of the MRF; Orientation on the route plans and collection systems for the primary collectors and LGU collectors; Learning by doing in the conduct of meetings, preparation of agenda and minutes of meetings, recording of activities, documentation and reporting. 5.5.9 Monitoring and Evaluation By monitoring it is known whether activities are implemented as they should and results are evaluated accordingly. The result of evaluation will provide the information as to whether the expected results are achieved or not, thus, provides intelligent basis for necessary improvement. 5.5.10 Level of Cleanliness
Cleanliness of a given area is the primary function of garbage collection. But there are other factors that affect level of cleanliness. It is the result of various interventions such as adequate and efficient garbage collection system, public education and information dissemination, and enforcement, complemented by public participation. The monitoring and evaluation of the level of cleanliness designed for this solid waste management program involves regular inspection of the streets, sidewalks, waterways, vacant lots and the frontages of the households. Garbage prone areas are identified and documented through the use of a checklist and/or photos.

5.5.11 Collection Efficiency Collection efficiency includes several things such as the amount of garbage collected vis--vis the capacity of collection equipment and expected amount to be collected in a given route, timeliness and regularity of collection and area coverage. Thus, collection is efficient if the collection equipment has made use of its optimum capacity, has collected in the area on the agreed time, and has covered the route as planned at the shortest or fastest time possible. The performance of the primary and LGU collectors will be monitored and evaluated Linked to the performance of the primary collectors is the monitoring of the amount of recyclable materials collected and evaluation of recovery rate.

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5.5.12 Waste Diversion Rate Diversion of waste as explained in RA 9003 is the amount of garbage that is diverted from being disposed into the disposal facility. The mandated diversion goal starting 2006 is 25% of the total waste generated. For 2005, the diversion rate target of the program is 20%, 2007 is 26%, 2010 is 30% and 2013 is 40%. There is no specific guideline provided by the National Solid Waste Management Commission as to how diversion rate will be arrived at. What is provided is that it should be computed against the amount of waste generated. As regards this program, to be quantified will be the amount taken to the MRF, impact of the household composting, and activities of the informal sector, i.e. itinerant primary collector and neighborhood junkshops. The amount of recyclable materials and biodegradable waste processed will be computed against the estimated waste generation of the barangay as established through the WACS. A sample of an accomplished monitoring form for waste diverted can be found in Annex A. 5.5.13 Price Tracking of Recyclable Materials Since the MRF operation is viewed as one that will eventually evolve into a business enterprise, the sustainability of its operation will depend a lot on its revenues and profits. Profits will be much affected by the buying prices of the recyclable materials by the junkshops or the consolidators (Consolidators are bigger shops that take charge in shipping the accumulated recyclable materials to Manila or Cebu). Therefore, it is necessary that the buying prices of the different junkshops of the different types of materials be monitored. 5.6 Cost and Revenue Accounting Projects should always practice full cost and revenue accounting, more so for this project because it is a pilot project. It is ideal for a project like this to be financially self-sustaining. It may not be so in some cases. That is why it is important to record all costs and revenues so that there will be an objective basis for evaluation. On the one hand, good practices will find ways to be replicated somewhere. On the other hand, lessons should be learned from experiences so that expensive mistakes should not be repeated. 5.7 Documentation and Reporting Documentation will be an indispensable component of this barangay solid waste management program. The monitoring of activities will be systematic and shall be documented in customized forms. Process documentation will be the approach used in the documentation of activities complemented with photo documentation.

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Regular documentation will also be in the form of the following: Recording of the attendance of the GSO Representative, Cenro Representative, Core Group Members in Meetings and Activities; Logging in and out of the personnel, guests in the MRF; Systematic recording of incoming materials in the MRF; Preparation of minutes of meetings or proceedings of consultative gatherings; Use of official receipts in the sale of recyclable materials; Safe keeping of important documents such as MRF plans, permits, Council resolutions, among others. Reporting is required by RA 9003. The following schedule of reporting will be implemented: A monthly report shall be prepared and submitted by the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee to the Iloilo City Solid Waste Management Board; Quarterly reports shall also be submitted to the Iloilo City Solid Waste Management Board, DPWH. GSO, CENRO and DENR. 5.8. Financial Requirement Particulars Total Cost (Php) Remarks

MRF Building

Donated

KAPIDECO

Collection Equipment (weigh scale)

1,500.00.00

WCI Project Fund

IEC Materials

10,000.00

Project Fund

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Seed Capital

1,000.00

Barangay Fund

5.9 Implementing Tools The basic law that serves as the basis for the implementation of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Program is RA 9003; Other implementing tools recommended in the execution of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Program are as follows: The Barangay Solid Waste Program should be legitimized through a barangay resolution or ordinance; The Barangay SWM Committee should enforce the strict implementation of RA 9003 particularly on illegal dumping of wastes and non-segregation of waste at source. The Barangay SWM Committee should also look at the possibility of regulating the proliferation of stray dogs since droppings of dogs have been recognized as source of scattered solid waste on streets; A policy on integrating or displacing informal primary collectors should be decided on; A policy on removing communal storage bins placed along sidewalks and streets should be decided on since this storage equipment are, most often, misused, contributing to the dirtiness of streets. 6.0 Implementation Schedule Figure __ shows the implementation schedule of CBSWM under S/A no. 2 of IFCP.

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Figure 9. Implementation Schedule for the CBSWM Program of Iloilo River Improvement Cluster

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I. Im p le m e n ta tio
II.

P re p a ra to ry A
a) b) c) d) e) f)

L is tin g o f c a n C o o rd in a tio n P re p a ra tio n o S e le c tio n o f F o rm a l E n try D a ta G a th e ri B a ra n g a y p

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