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Outline
Site Screening, Selection and Characterization
o CO2 storage assessment scales o Basin and regional scale screening criteria o Local and site-scale screening criteria
Site characterization is a continuous, iterative process during all operational stages of a CO2 storage project
Basic Principles 1
Site selection criteria are the criteria by which a site is assessed, evaluated, judged, and, in the case of multiple possible sites, ranked for final selection and qualification Site characterization represents a collection of types of data and information needed to reach the necessary understanding and confidence that the proposed storage site is safe and acceptable Site selection and characterization depend on the scale of the assessment
Basic Principles 2
Site characterization is an iterative, non-linear process running through all the operational stages of CO2 storage Monitoring is a key element in site operation, closure and post-closure, likely to be a permitting requirement Storage safety and security is a common thread throughout all the stages of the operational chain and has to be demonstrated when applying for tenure of the storage unit and permit to operate, during operations, and after cessation of injection to complete site abandonment
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Basin Maturity
Defined by fossil-energy potential (oil and gas, coals) and degree of exploration and production Mature: Rich in energy resources, advanced production Immature: Rich in resources, in exploration & early production stage Poor: No or poor in hydrocarbon resources
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Unsuitable
< 1000 m Poor (few, discontinuous) Overpressured High and very high Extensive Shallow, short flow systems <2500 km2 Forbidden
Suitable
>1000 m Intermediate, excellent Hydrostatic Very low to moderate Limited to moderate Intermediate, regionalscale flow systems >2500 km2 Allowed
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Seismicity in Canada
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Basic Principles 3
Sites must pass the basin-scale eliminatory criteria, and should broadly possess basin-scale desirable characteristics In addition, sites must pass and/or meet additional criteria that fall broadly into five categories:
Capacity and injectivity Confinement, i.e., safety, security and environmental acceptability Legal and regulatory restrictions Economic Societal (public acceptance)
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A site must pass all these criteria to be considered for CO2 storage
A site should pass all these criteria to be considered for CO2 storage, but exceptions can be made
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G 35 C/km and/or high G < 35 C/km and low Ts Ts < 35 C < 7.5 MPa 35 C 7.5 MPa
A site should meet as many as possible of these criteria; if too few are being met, then maybe it should be rejected
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Canadas Conditions
Canadas economy is a resource-based economy located in a cold climate, hence the need for energy for resource production, power generation and heating, and with large distances between population centers, hence the need for energy for transportation Energy production is a critical component of Canadas economy Canada is ranked 9th in the world in terms of its greenhouse gas emissions, however with only ~ 1.6% of world emissions compared with ~25% and ~23% respectively for #1 and #2: China and US Canadas emissions grew since 1990 by >35% Canadas economy is similar only to those of Australia and Norway, but, unlike them, is closely linked with the economy of the US, hence the solution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions has to be unique to Canadas conditions
Coal
Hydro & nuclear electricity
Crude oil
Natural gas
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223 88 66 62
305 0.5
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Canadas Approach
Federal focus on legislation for reduction of GHG emissions without affecting economic recovery and development Canadas resources Provincial and federal focus on large-scale, integrated demonstration projects that will prove the technology Basic research provided by universities under Carbon Management Canada (CMC) Network Provincial focus on development of legislative and regulatory framework for CO2 storage National effort led by the federal government (Geological Survey of Canada) to map and inventory the CO2 storage capacity in the sedimentary basins that will be the focus of CCS activities in the short-tomedium term, as part of the Atlas of CO2 Storage Capacity in North America (coordinated effort with US and Mexico)
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Established a Regulatory Framework Assessment process to review regulations as they pertain to CCS
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Shells Quest: CO2 storage in a deep saline aquifer TransAltas Pioneer: capture from a coal-fired power plant and storage in EOR and deep saline aquifer Enhance Energys Trunkline: capture from fertilizer plant, transportation by 280 km pipeline and storage in EOR Swan Hills Synfuels: coal underground gasification, CO2 capture and storage in EOR
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Contact
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