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Prepared for
Acme Corp.
By
Groves Engineering, Inc.
Document Information
Prepared For:
Acme Corp. 123 Main Street, Suite 1 City, State, Zip
Prepared By:
Groves Engineering, Inc. 2755 NW Crossing Drive, #233 Bend, Oregon, 97701
Document Title:
Riser Recoil Analysis for Acme Drillship
Document Description:
Emergency disconnect, parted riser, and recoil control algorithm analysis for the Acme Drillship in 7150 ft. and 1000 ft of
water.
Revision Notes
Revision Number: Revised By: Notes:
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2 OBJECTIVE............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
5 CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
6 APPENDIX - RISER CONFIGURATION AND TENSIONS PER API RP 16Q (7,150 FT) ................................................................... 21
1 Introduction
This document presents analyses and discussions based upon the emergency disconnects simulated by Groves
Engineering, Inc. (GEI) for Acme Corp. involving the drilling riser and tensioning system of the Acme Drillship.
Section 4 of this document presents and discusses the analyses and results for the following Acme Drillship scenario: a
planned emergency disconnect occurring in 7,150 ft of seawater. Other items covered in Section 4 include calculated
riser top tension, telescoping joint vs. tensioner rod relationship, as well as tensioner system design and setup.
Section 5 discusses conclusions of the analysis as well as possible improvements to the existing anti-recoil valves and to
their control algorithms.
The disconnects have been simulated using the GEI proprietary software, GRASIM (Groves Riser Anti-Recoil Simulation).
GRASIM adheres to the guidelines of API RP 16Q wherever applicable. Dividing the riser into constituent parts, GRASIM
analyzes the riser from the load ring and outer barrel of the TJ down to the LMRP. The analysis accounts for complex
effects such as the viscous drag of the seawater external to the riser and LMRP and the viscous drag of the mud internal
to the riser, the spring rates and buoyancies of the riser sections and the interaction of the load ring with the TJ outer
barrel.
For the Acme Drillship, the tensioning system consists of the load ring, tensioner cylinders, control valve, local
accumulators (high and low pressure sides), piping between the cylinder and control valve and between the control
valve and accumulator, compressibility of the compensator fluid, length and diameter of the air line connecting the
local, high pressure accumulator to the air banks and volume of the air banks.
As the LMRP clearance over bottom and telescoping joint clashing are key considerations in riser recoil analysis, both the
rig’s heave amplitude and period of motion are critical. The nature of the recoil is affected by the event’s occurrence
point in the heave cycle. Therefore, the disconnect analysis is performed at eight, evenly distributed points throughout
one heave cycle of the rig. The vessel motion is simulated as a sinusoidal heave wave with the period and amplitude of
the heave wave derived from the vessel RAOs and significant heave information provided by the rig owner/operator.
The emergency disconnect is examined for the event occurrence at various points along the heave cycle. Forces,
pressures, flows, accelerations, velocities, positions, etc., are calculated for very small time intervals and, thus, the
program proceeds in time in an iterative manner.
2 Objective
The primary goals of the analyses presented herein are:
A. Determine the top tension requirements per API RP 16Q for the Acme Drillship given various operational
scenarios
B. Determine acceptable control criteria to be used with the Acme Drillship’s riser anti-recoil control
system with consideration for clashing of the telescoping joint (TJ), jump-out of the outer barrel from
the load ring, as well as the lower marine riser package’s (LMRP) clearance over the lower blow-out
preventer (BOP) stack. The customer has prescribed that GEI optimize the anti-recoil control algorithm
for an emergency disconnect event for the heaviest riser weight scenario. Then, this same algorithm will
be applied to the lightest riser weight scenario and the disconnect event will again be analyzed. GEI
shall assess whether multiple anti-recoil control curves are required by the Acme Drillship.
The results and recommendations of this report exclude any consideration for the yielding of materials, failure modes of
the riser and riser tensioning system, and regional or international laws that may be applicable to the design or
operation of the drilling equipment.
Groves Engineering, Inc. does not intend to imply any guarantee or warranty with the contents of this report, and the
results and recommendations contained herein are only to be viewed as academic and informational in nature.
For the test case above, the following information will be discussed:
4.1.2 Telescoping Joint Travel and Cylinder Stroke (Emergency Disconnect, 7,150 ft)
0
Over-stroke of tensioner cylinder (9 in)
9 0
119 110
177 168
250 241
444 435
Rig heave amplitude for severe operational conditions (96 in)
540 531
696
(Fully
Collapsed)
168 in
9 in
531 in
177 in
540 in
(Fully
Extended)
4.1.3 Riser Configuration and Top Tension per API RP 16Q (Emergency Disconnect, 7,150 ft)
It should be noted that the minimum tension (Tmin) as calculated by way of API RP 16Q and referred to in this document
represents the sum of the upward forces exerted by all tensioner pistons on the load ring, measured parallel to the
stoke path of each piston, with the weight of load ring then subtracted from this sum.
A detailed account of the API 16Q calculations for minimum top tension requirements can be found in the Appendix,
Section 6. The below summary tables capture key results of the calculations.
Since inaccuracies in riser and LMRP weights significantly affect the results of the recoil analysis, all recoil scenarios were
simulated for both upper and lower limit weight estimates.
Utilizing the convention of API RP 16Q, the upper limit was derived by applying a factor of 0.98 to the nominal lift on the
riser and LMRP, and a factor of 1.05 was applied to the nominal steel weight. The lower limit was then calculated, per
the customer’s recommendation, by applying a factor of 1.00 to the nominal lift on the riser and LMRP, and a factor of
1.00 was applied to the nominal steel weight (i.e. the lower weight limit equals the nominal weight and buoyancy). Table
2 through Table 3 below show the weights that were used in the riser recoil analysis.
4.1.4 Tensioner System Design and Setting (Emergency Disconnect, 7,150 ft)
For the Acme Drillship riser tensioning system, one tensioner consists of a direct-acting tensioner rod and cylinder
applying an upward force on the load ring. The hydraulic fluid in the cylinder is pressurized by an accumulator that, in
turn, is pressurized by a common air bottle bank. An Olmsted Co. anti-recoil control valve lies in the fluid pathway
between the accumulator and the tensioner cylinder. See Figure 2 below for a qualitative depiction of the tensioning
system layout.
Direct
Common Air Tensioner
Accumulator
Bottle Bank (Qty 6)
(Qty 6)
(Qty 1)
Olmsted Anti-
Recoil Valve
(Qty 6)
The required top tension as discussed in Section 4.1.3 determines the necessary pressure settings for the riser
tensioning system. The relationship of the cylinder to telescoping joint stroke is depicted in Figure 1. Based upon these
values and the information provided by the rig owner/operator regarding the characteristics of tensioning system, the
following values have been used for this analysis. Note, the values in Table 4 correspond to a nominal, calm sea state.
Based upon the customer’s description of the anti-recoil control system aboard the Acme Drillship, GEI is providing
coefficients for a 5th-order polynomial that dictates the relationship of the valve CV to the tensioner position, along with
boundary conditions for the control curve. The polynomial is of the structure:
It has been assumed that one second before the disconnect event, the control system will begin shifting the anti-recoil
valve to the position as calculated by the polynomial and its boundary conditions. Thus, when the disconnect event
occurs, the control valve will be fully throttled to the CV as dictated by the curve.
The control curve recommended below has been optimized to minimize telescoping joint clashing and outer barrel/load
ring jump-out, while maximizing LMRP clearance, for Test Case 1 as explored by GEI.
Coefficient A -1.19E-10
Coefficient B 8.71E-08
Coefficient C -2.07E-05
Coefficient D 4.05E-03
Coefficient E -7.35E-02
Coefficient F -3.31E-10
Cylinder Stroke-Out for CV=0 20
Cylinder Stoke-Out for Full CV 400
Table 5 5th-Order Polynomial Coefficients and Boundary Conditions for Anti-Recoil Valve Control Curve
Though GEI has analyzed the disconnect event for varying riser weights, top tensions, mud weights, and telescoping joint
space-outs, the two most extreme scenarios present the greatest opportunity for unfavorable outcomes.
The scenario that results in the closest proximity for telescoping joint clashing, referred to Test Case 1, occurs when the
top tension is at its maximum and the riser and LMRP weights are at their low weight extremes. Also, the rig is
considered to be off location, exposed to larger significant waves, and the telescoping joint is at its minimum allowable
nominal space-out. Table 6 below summarizes the key settings for Test Case 1.
Table 7 Key Settings for Test Case 1: Testing Exposure to Telescoping Joint Clashing
The affect of the disconnect event on the ACME Drillship’s riser and LMRP was analyzed at eight points evenly spaced
over one rig heave cycle. Table 8 below presents key results of the analyses while Figure 3 shows the outcome in
graphical form.
It should be observed that no modification of the control curve could fully remove the potential for jump-out, the slight
parting of the load ring from the telescoping joint outer barrel. Though the jump-out is small (1.6 inches at its
maximum), GEI is not prepared to make any comments on how this jump-out will influence the anti-recoil control
system overall and what will occur when the riser goes into compression.
Table 8 Key Results of Test Case 1: Testing Exposure to Telescoping Joint Clashing
The scenario that corresponds to the closest proximity for LMRP/BOP clashing, referred to Test Case 2, occurs when the
top tension is at its minimum and the riser and LMRP weights are at their high weight extremes. Also, the rig is
considered to be off location, exposed to larger significant waves, and the telescoping joint is at its minimum allowable
nominal space-out. Table 7 below summarizes the key settings for Test Case 2. Recall, per the customer’s
recommendation, GEI has applied the anti-recoil control algorithm developed for Test Case 1 to Test Case 2.
Table 9 Key Settings for Test Case 2: Testing Exposure to LMRP/BOP Clashing
The affect of the disconnect event on the ACME Drillship’s riser and LMRP was analyzed at eight points evenly spaced
over one rig heave cycle. Table 10 below presents key results of the analyses while Figure 4 shows the outcome in
graphical form.
Table 10 Key Results for Test Case 2: Testing Exposure to LMRP/BOP Clashing
5 Conclusions
It is the recommendation of GEI that, in order to account for different mud weights and, thus, top tensions, the Acme
Drillship employ more than one anti-recoil control algorithm.
An optimized anti-recoil valve control curve was derived by GEI for the 17.2 ppg mud weight scenario, where the only
undesirable effect was a small amount of jump-out (1.6 inches) between the outer barrel and the load ring. This same
control curve, however, when applied to the 8.55 ppg mud weight scenario resulted in potential LMRP/BOP clashing at
significant velocities.
GEI recommends that at least two additional anti-recoil valve control curves by used by the Acme Drillship’s control
system to accommodate different ranges of mud weights and top tensions. These recommended additional control
curves have not been analyzed in this report.
Appendix
6 APPENDIX - Riser Configuration and Tensions per API RP 16Q (7,150 ft)
The calculations below are based upon detailed equipment information as provided by the rig owner/operator. The
minimum riser top tension calculations have been performed with strict adherence to API RP 16Q, however, high and
low top tension limits have been imposed based upon the characteristics of the riser and LMRP.
It should be noted that the minimum tension (Tmin) as calculated by way of API RP 16Q and referred to in this document
represents the sum of the upward forces exerted by all tensioner pistons on the load ring, measured parallel to the
stoke path of each piston, with the weight of load ring then subtracted from this sum.
Information Submitted By: John Doe, Acme Drilling and Exploration Co.
RISER SECTIONS
SECTION DRY SECTION DRY SECTION WET- SECTION LIFT FORCE GROUP DRY WEIGHT, GROUP DRY GROUP WET- GROUP LIFT FORCE
LENGTH PER QUANTITY OF DEPTH AT BASE OF
WEIGHT, W/O WEIGHT, W/ WEIGHT, W/O OF SUBMERGED BUOY GROUP LENGTH W/O BUOY WEIGHT, W/ BUOY WEIGHT, W/O BUOY OF SUBMERGED
SECTION GROUP DESCRIPTION SECTION SECTIONS IN GROUP
BUOY MODULES BUOY MODULES BUOY MODULES MODULES MODULES MODULES MODULES BUOY MODULES
GROUP
(ft) (ft) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (ft) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs)
Telescoping Joint, Above Water 35.4 1 0.0 50874 50874 50874 0 35.4 50874 50874 50874 0
Telescoping Joint, Below Water 42.0 1 42.0 29986 29986 26070 0 42.0 29986 29986 26070 0
Pup Joint 30ft 30.0 3 132.0 19657 21978 17090 710 90.0 58971 65934 51269 2130
Pup Joint 5ft 5.0 2 142.0 5687 6124 4944 101 10.0 11374 12248 9889 202
Slick Joint (0.875" wall) 80.0 5 542.0 32813 41549 28528 2193 400.0 164065 207745 142638 10965
Bouyancy Joint 5,000ft 80.0 50 4542.0 33628 59318 29236 27895 4000.0 1681400 2965900 1461809 1394750
Bouyancy Joint 7,500ft 80.0 27 6702.0 33628 60052 29236 26548 2160.0 907956 1621404 789377 716796
Bouyancy Joint 9,500ft 80.0 0 6702.0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0
Slick Joint (0.75" wall) 80.0 5 7102.0 29864 38778 25964 2178 400.0 149320 193890 129819 10890
Riser Adaptor 12.6 1 7114.6 13589 13589 11814 0 12.6 13589 13589 11814 0
TOTALS 95 7114.6 7150.0 3067535 5161570 2673559 2135733
TENSION CALCULATIONS
Submerged Riser Weight (Ws) 2673559
MIN TENSION AT LOAD RING, TSRmin MIN TENSIONERS SETTING, Tmin Tmin W/ LIMITS
Net Lift of Buoyancy Material (Bn) 2135733 MUD UNIT WEIGHT
IMPOSED
Penalized Riser Weight (Ws * fwt - Bn * fbt) 714219 Ws * fwt - Bn * fbt + Ai * [ dm * Hm - dw * Hw ] TSRmin * N / [ Rf * ( N - n ) ]
(ppg) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs)
MINIMUM TENSION LOW LIMIT MINIMUM TENSION HIGH LIMIT 8.55 724366 965821 1096958
Min LMRP Overpull, LMRPmin (lbs) 45000 Riser Coupling Rating (lbs) 2510000 10.50 960197 1280263 1280263
Min Load Ring Tension, TSRmin (lbs) 987262 Tensioner System Limit (lbs) 2950000 15.00 1504422 2005896 2005896
Min Tensioners Setting, Tmin (lbs) 1096958 Max Tensioners Setting, Tmin (lbs) 2259000 17.20 1770488 2360651 2259000