INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM

A project submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics & Communication

By:
Sam Abhinav Kullu (2k7/EC/690)
Sandeep Kumar (2k7/EC/691)
Sudhanshu Bhasin (2k7/EC/699)
Sujeet Kumar (2k7/EC/700)
Under the guidance of
Mrs. Priyanka Jain
Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Delhi College of Engineering
University Of Delhi
Year 2011
DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the major
project entitled "Interactive Voice Response System" in the partial
fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics & Communication submitted to Delhi College Of
Engineering, University of Delhi, is an authentic record of our own
work carried out under the supervision of Mrs. Priyanka Jain,
Assistant Professor, Department Of Electronics & Communication, Delhi
College Of Engineering, University of Delhi. We have not submitted
the matter represented in this dissertation for the award of any other
degree or diploma or any other purpose whatever.

Sam Abhinav Kullu (2k7/EC/690)

Sandeep Kumar (2k7/EC/691)
Sudhanshu Bhasin (2k7/EC/699)
Sujeet Kumar (2k7/EC/700)
CERTIFICATE
It is to certify that dissertation, entitled " Interactive Voice
Response System " submitted by the following students in partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the award of the degree of
bachelor of engineering in electronics and communication,
submitted in the department of electronics and communication
engineering, Delhi college of engineering, Delhi, is an authentic
record of student's own work carried out by them under the guidance
and supervision.
Sam Abhinav Kullu (2k7/EC/690)
Sandeep Kumar (2k7/EC/691)
Sudhanshu Bhasin (2k7/EC/699)
Sujeet Kumar (2k7/EC/700)

It is also certified that this dissertation has not been submitted for the
award of any other degree or diploma in any other college/university.

Mrs. Priyanka Jain

Assistant Professor
Electronics & Comm. Engineering
Department
Delhi College of Engineering
Acknowledgement

It is great pleasure to have the opportunity to extent our heartiest felt

gratitude to everybody who helped us throughout the course of this
dissertation. It is distinct pleasure to impress our deep sense of
gratitude and indebtedness to our learned supervisor Assistant
Professor Mrs Priyanka Jain, Electronics & Communication Deptt.
submitted to Delhi College of Engineering, University of Delhi for their
invaluable guidance, encouragement and patient review. Their
continuous inspiration only had made us complete this
dissertation. We are also thankful to our friends and classmates for
their unconditional support and motivation for this dissertation.

4
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction.............................................................................................. 3
1.1 Description....................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Objective .....……………………………………………………………...…....6
1.3 Layout of chapters... …………………………………………………………...6
Chapter 2 Literature Survey.………………………………………………………..7
2.1 History and technology background.............................................................. 8
2.2 Typical Uses .............................................................................. ……………9
2.3 Potential Uses ………………………………………………………………..11
2.4 Criticism …………………………………………….……………………….13
Chapter 3 General Overview of IVRS System……………………………………15
3.1 What is IVRS?......................................................................................16
3.2 Technology used……………………………………………………………..17
3.3 Block diagram………………………………………………………………..20

3.4 Components…………...……………………………….……………….…....21
3.5 Explanation………… ………………………………………………….…..21
3.5.1 Telephone …………………….……………………………………..….21
3.5.2 DTMF signaling.….……………………………………………………...23
3.5.3 Ring detector………..……………………………………………….…...25
3.5.4 ON-OFF hook stimulator…….. ……………………………………..….26
3.5.5 Microcontroller.……………………………………………………….....26
3.5.6 Voltage convertor………..………………………………………………27
3.5.7 PC serial port....……………………………………………………….....27
3.5.8 Interfacing circuit………..……………………………………………….28
3.6 Hardware describtion..……………………………………………………..…28
3.6.1 Microcontroller.…………………….……………………………………28
3.6.2 DTMF decoder.…………………………………………………………...30

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 3.5.3 Ring detector………..………………………………...……………….…..56
3.5.4 ON-OFF hook stimulator…….. ……………………...………………..….28

Chapter 4 Circuit Explanation…………………………………………………….…41

4.1 Circuit diagram…………………………………………………………………42
4.2 Circuit operation……………………………………………………......………42
4.2.1 Telephone ring sensor………………………………………………...……44
4.2.2 ON-OFF hook stimulator ……………………………………………….....48
4.2.3 PC serial port ………………………………………………...…………….51

Chapter 5 Software description……………………………………………….….…..56

5.1 Visual basic 6.0 ……….………………………………….…………...…….…57
5.2 Visual basic (serial communication)…..………………………….…………….58
5.2.1 Introduction…………………….……………………………………….....59
5.2.2 Communication control……………………….……………………………60

Chapter 6 Methodology……………………………..……..………………................64

6.1 Microcontroller ………………………………………………..…………….....65

6.1 Visual basic ………………………………………………..………….…….....66

Chapter 7 Conclusions And Future Enhacement…………………………...……..70

. 7.1 Conclusions …………………………………………………………….………71

7.2 Future Enhacement …………………………………………………….……....71

Appendices………………………………………………………………..………..….72
Source Code………………………………………………………….……………..….72
References……………...……………………..………………………………….…….85

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

7
1.1 DESCRIPTION

N o w - a - d a y s e v e r y i n s t it u t i o n n e e d s a u t o ma ti o n. A s a p a r t o f

c o l l e g e a u t o ma t i o n , we h a v e d e c i d e d t o d o a p r o j e c t “ V o ic e

I n t e ra c t i v e S y st e m f o r C o l le g e Au t o ma ti o n ” . Ou r p ro j e c t a l l o w s

t h e u s e r t o k n o w t h e st u d e n t ’ s r a n k i n a n y e x a m t h ro u g h t h e

t e l e p h o n e l i n e w i th o u t i n te r f e r e nc e o f t h e c o l l e g e a u t h o ri t y . I n

t h e h a rd w a r e si d e e mb e d d e d sy s t e m h a s b e e n u se d . A 4 0 p i n

mi c r o c o n tr o l l e r 8 9 C2 0 5 1 i s u se d b e c a u s e o f i t s c o m p a t i b il i t y wi t h

o u r h a rd wa r e . T h i s m i c ro c o n t ro l l e r c o n t ro l s t h e w h o l e h a rd w a r e .

T e l e p h o n e l i n e i s u se d fo r c o m m u n i c a ti o n p u r p o se . V i s u a l B a s i c

h a s b e e n u s e d for so ft wa r e p r o g r a m mi n g .

I n o u r P r o j e c t a 2 0 p i n M i c r o c o n tr o l l e r AT 8 9 C 2 0 5 1 i s u se d t o
c o n tr o l t h e wh o le h a r d w a r e . T h e M i c ro c o n t ro l l e r s e n s e s t h e
D T M F si g n a l t h ro u g h th e D T M F d e c o d e r IC M T 8 8 7 0 a n d i t
r e sp o n d s a c c o r d i n g t o th e d e c o d e d si g n a l. T h e c i r c u i t h a s a n
i n b u i l t P h o n e R in g se n so r c ir c u i t a n d t h e sy st e m w i l l t a k e o v e r
t h e p h o n e a u t o m a t i c a l l y u s i n g a 1 2 V r e l a y . T h e m i c ro c o n t ro l l e r
w i l l re c e i v e t h e s ig n a l fr o m t h e di st a n c e t e l e p h o n e a n d i t d e c o d e s
t h e s i g n a l a n d f e t c h e s t h e d a t a f r o m t h e P C t h r o u g h t h e se r i a l

8
p o r t , b a s e d o n t h e t e l e p h o n e s ig n a l , a n d se n d s th e d a ta t h r o u g h
t h e t e l e p h o n e l in e .

Fig. 1.1 IVR SYSTEM

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1.2 OBJECTIVE

T h e o b j e c t i v e o f o u r p ro j e c t i s t o k n o w th e s t u d e n t ’ s ra n k i n a n

entrance exam quickly through the telephone wi t h o u t the

i n t e r fe r e n c e of college a u t h o ri t y . By d i a l in g th e p ro v i d e d

t e l e p h o n e n u mb e r , o n e c a n d i g u p t h e i n fo r ma ti o n o f th e s t u d e n t .

O n e o f th e a d v a n t a g e s i s t h e t i me sp e n d in g f o r c o l l e g e o f fi c ia l s

i n a n s w e r i n g p h on e c a l l s fro m o u t s i d e r s w il l b e r e d u c e d .

1.3 LAYOUT OF CHAPTERS

In next chapters, we give review of the IVR system, a detailed introduction to the

technology, Hardware used and show its distinctiveness from other softwares. This

is followed by a description of the proposed methodology for developing IVR

SYSTEM.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

11
2.1 HISTORY

The blueprint for IVR began in 1941, when Bell System developed a new tone

dialing methodology. Bell unveiled the first telephone that could dial area codes

using Dual Tone Multi Frequency DTMF technology at the Seattle World Fair in

1962. DTMF telephones enabled the use of inband signaling.

Despite the fact that more companies began using the system in the 1970s to

automate tasks in call centers, the technology was still costly and complicated

which made for low market penetration. However, by the 1980s a number of new

competitors entered the market and uptake of IVR technology started to increase.

When call centers began to migrate to multimedia contact centers in the late 90's,

companies began to invest in web-enablement and Computer Telephony

Integration (CTI) with IVR systems. IVR became vital for call centers deploying

universal queuing and routing solutions and acted as an agent which collected

customer data to enable intelligent routing decisions.

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Having remained technologically static since its development in the 1980s, speech

recognition started to become more common and cheaper to deploy. This was due

to increased Computer Processing Power and the migration of Speech applications

from propriety code to the VXML standard. The introduction of the VXML

standard also simplified the integration process between IVR systems and any back

end hosts.

2.2 TYPICAL USES

• IVR systems are typically used to service high call volumes, reduce cost and

improve the customer experience. Examples of typical IVR applications are:

telephone banking, televoting, and credit card transactions. Large companies

use IVR services to extend the business hours of operation.

• Call centers use IVR systems to identify and segment callers. The ability to

identify customers allows the ability to tailor services according to the

customer profile. It also allows the option of choosing automated services.

Information can be fed to the caller allowing choices such as: wait in the

queue, choose an automated service, or request a callback (at a suitable time

and telephone number). The use of computer telephony integration (CTI)

will allow the IVR system to look up the caller line identification (CLI) on a

network database and identify the caller. This is currently accurate for about

13
 80% of inbound calls. In the cases where CLI is withheld or unavailable, the

caller can be asked to identify themselves by other methods such as a PIN or

password. The use of DNIS will ensure that the correct application and

language is executed by the IVR system.

• The use of IVR and voice automation enables a company to improve its

customer service and lower its costs, due to the fact that callers’ queries can

be resolved without the cost of a live agent who, in turn, can be directed to

deal with specific areas of the service. If the caller does not find the

information they need, or require further assistance, the call is then

transferred to an agent who can deal with them directly through CTI

integration. This makes for a more efficient system in which agents have

more time to deal with complex interactions, for example, customer

retention, up selling, cross selling and issue resolution. This way, the

customer is more likely to be satisfied with a personalised service and the

interaction is likely to be more fulfilling and rewarding for the agent, as

opposed to dealing with basic enquiries that require yes/no responses, such

as obtaining customer details. Employee satisfaction is important in the

telecommunications industry due to the fast turnover of staff, IVR is

therefore one way of retaining a workforce and allowing them to do a more

effective job.

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 • IVR also enables customer prioritisation. In a system whereby individual

customers may have a different status, for example, a bronze, gold or

platinum card holder, the service will automatically prioritise the individuals

call and, in the case of a platinum card holder, move them to the front of the

calling queue.

2.3 POTENTIAL USES

• Voice-Activated Dialers

(VAD) Voice-activated IVR systems are now used to replace the

switchboard or PABX (Private Automatic Branch eXchange) operators and

are used in many hospitals and large businesses to reduce the caller waiting

time. An additional function is the ability to allow external callers to page

hospital staff and transfer the inbound call to the paged person.

• Entertainment and Information

The largest installed IVR platforms are used for applications such as tele-

voting on TV game shows such as Pop Idol and Big Brother which can

generate enormous call spikes. Often the network provider will have to

deploy Call gapping in the Public network to prevent Network overload.

The following are some of the more common uses of an IVR:

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o Mobile (Pay as you go Top up)

o Telephone Banking (Balance, payments, and transfers)

o Mobile Purchases (particularly for mobile content, such as ringtones and

logos)

o Caller identification and routing

o Order Placements (Credit Card Payments)

o Airline (Ticket booking, Flight arrivals, Flight departures, Checkin)

o Adult entertainment (Dating, Chat line etc)

o Weather forecasts

• Clinical Trials

IVR systems are used by pharmaceutical companies and contract research

organizations to conduct clinical trials and manage the large volumes of data

generated. The caller will respond to questions in their preferred language

and their responses will be logged into a database and possibly recorded at

the same time to confirm authenticity. Applications include patient

randomization and drug supply management.

• Outbound Calling

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 IVR systems can be used for outbound calls, as IVR systems are more

intelligent than Dialler systems, they can recognise different line conditions.

o RNA Ring No Answer

o Answered by Voicemail or Answering machine (In this circumstances they

can leave a message)

o Fax Tone (IVR can leave a Fax Message based upon a TIFF Image)

o Answer (IVR can tell the customer who is calling and ask them to wait for

an agent)

o Recognise Divert messages and abandon call.

IVR uses Call Progress Detection to monitor Line conditions, and report to

the IVR Database.

2.4 CRITICISM

IVR is sometimes criticized as being unhelpful and difficult to use due to poor

design and lack of appreciation of the caller's needs.[4] Some callers object to

providing voice response to an automated system and prefer speaking with a

human respondent. A properly designed IVR application should provide the caller's

needs promptly and with a minimum of complexity.[neutrality disputed] However some

17
companies use IVR to reduce operational costs and will not offer similar services

using agents. Such services tend to frustrate customers who feel that their right to

speak to an agent is being restricted. Companies that deploy such services tend to

ignore customer opinion. Such services are used in debt recovery and giveaways

(Such as Concert tickets, Satellite/Cable Receivers etc).

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 CHAPTER 3

GENERAL OVERVIEW
OF
IVRS

19
3.1 What is IVR System ?

Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system is an interactive technology that allows

a computer to detect voice and keypad inputs. IVR technology is used extensively

in telecommunications, but is also being introduced into automobile systems for

hands-free operation. Current deployment in automobiles revolves around satellite

navigation, audio and mobile phone systems. In telecommunications, IVR allows

customers to access a company’s database via a telephone touchtone keypad or by

speech recognition, after which they can service their own enquiries by following

the instructions. IVR systems can respond with pre-recorded or dynamically

generated audio to further direct users on how to proceed. IVR systems can be used

to control almost any function where the interface can be broken down into a series

of simple menu choices. In telecommunications applications, such as customer

support lines, IVR systems generally scale well to handle large call volumes.

It has become common in industries that have recently entered the telecom

industry to refer to an Automated Attendant as an IVR. The terms Automated

Attendant and IVR are distinct and mean different things to traditional telecom

professionals, whereas emerging telephony and VoIP professionals often use the

20
term IVR as a catch-all to signify any kind of telephony menu, even a basic

automated attendant.

3.2 Technologies Used

DTMF signals (entered from the telephone keypad) and natural language speech

recognition interpret the caller's response to voice prompts.

Other technologies include the ability to speak complex and dynamic information

such as an e-mail, news report or weather information using Text-To-Speech

(TTS). TTS is computer generated synthesized speech that is no longer the robotic

voice generally associated with computers. Real voices create the speech in tiny

fragments that are spliced together (concatenated) before being played to the caller.

An IVR can be utilized in several different ways:

1. Equipment installed on the customer premise

2. Equipment installed in the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)

3. Application service provider (ASP).

4. Hosted IVR

A simple voicemail system is different from IVR in that it is person to person

whereas an IVR is person to computer. IVR voiceforms can be used to provide a

21
more complex voicemail experience to the caller. For example, the IVR could ask

if the caller wishes to hear, edit, forward or remove a message that was just

recorded.

An automatic call distributor (ACD) is often the first point of contact when calling

many larger businesses. An ACD uses digital storage devices to play greetings or

announcements, but typically routes a caller without prompting for input. An IVR

can play announcements and request an input from the caller. This information can

be used to profile the caller and route the call to an agent with a particular skillset.

(A skillset is a function applied to a group of call-center agents with a particular

skill.)

Interactive voice response can be used to front-end a call center operation by

identifying the needs of the caller. Information can be obtained from the caller

such as account numbers. Answers to simple questions such as account balances or

pre-recorded information can be provided without operator intervention. Account

numbers from the IVR are often compared to caller ID data for security reasons

and additional IVR responses are required if the caller ID data does not match the

account record.

IVR call flows are created in a variety of ways. A traditional IVR depended upon

proprietary programming or scripting languages, whereas modern IVR applications

22
are structured similar to WWW pages, using VoiceXML[1], CCXML[2], SRGS[3],

SALT or T-XML languages. The ability to use XML developed applications

allows a Web server to act as an application server, freeing the developer to focus

on the call flow. It was widely believed that developers would no longer require

specialized programming skills, however this has been proven to be misguided as

IVR applications need to understand the human reaction to the application

dialogue. This is the difference between a good user experience and IVR hell.

Higher level IVR development tools are available in recent years to further

simplify the application development process. A call flow diagram can be drawn

with a GUI tool and the application code (VoiceXML or SALT) can be

automatically generated. In addition, these tools normally provide extension

mechanisms for software integration, such as HTTP interface to web site and Java

interface for connecting to a database.

In telecommunications, an audio response unit (ARU) is a device that provides

synthesized voice responses to touch-tone keypresses (DTMF) by processing calls

based on (a) the call-originator input, (b) information received from a database,

and (c) information in the incoming call, such as the time of day.

ARUs increase the number of information calls handled and to provide consistent

quality in information retrieval.

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3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

TELEPHONE
LINE

DTMF DECODER PC
SERIAL
VOLTAGE PORT
CONVERTER

PERSONAL
MICRO COMPUTER
RING DETECTOR
CONTROLLER

PC
SPEAKER
OUT
ON/OFF
HOOK
SIMULATOR

INTERFACING
CIRCUIT

Figure 3.1 Basic Block Diagram

24
3.4 COMPONENTS
T h e a b o v e Bl o c k d i a g r a m c o n s i st o f fo l l o wi n g B l o c k s

1 . T e l e p h o n e s e c t io n
2 . D T M F De c o d e r
3 . R in g D e t e c to r
4 . O N / O F F h o o k S imu l a t o r
5 . M i c r o c o n t r o l le r
6 . V o lt a g e c o n v e rt e r
7 . P C S e ri a l P o r t
8 . P e r so n a l Co mp u te r ( P C )

3 .5 EXPLANATION

3 . 5 . 1 . T EL EP H O NE

I n v e n t e d b y Be ll a n d h i s a s s i s t a n t , T h o ma s A. W a t so n , t h e
t e l e p h o n e ma r k e d a s i g n i fi c a n t d e v e l o p m e n t in t h e h is t o ry o f
e l e c tr i c a l c o m m u n i c a t io n sy s te ms . In the e a rl i e s t magneto-
t e l e p h o n e o f 1 8 7 6 , t h e s p e a k e r’ s v o i c e wa s c o n v e r t e d i n t o
e l e c tr i c a l e n e rg y p a t te rn s t h a t c o u l d b e s e n d o v e r r e a s o n a b l y l o n g
d i st a n c e s o v e r w i r e s to a r e c e i v e r, w h i c h wo u ld c o n v e rt t h e s e
e n e rg y p a t t e r n s b a c k i n t o th e o r i g i n a l s o u n d w a v e s fo r t h e
l i st e n e r.

25
O u t g o i n g Ca l l

The dial pad, also called keypad or touch-tone pad, is used to dial
t e l e p h o n e n u mb e r s a s w e l l a s i n t e r a c t wi t h v o ic e p ro c e s si n g
s y st e m s u c h a s a v o i c e ma il a n d i n t e r a c ti v e v o i c e r e sp o n se ( IV R ).
T h e a d d r e s s s i g n a l i n g f o r a n o u t g o i n g c a l l c a n be a c c o mp l i sh e d
b y 3 d i f f e r e n t me t h o d s: p u l s e d i a l ( r o t a r y ) , re a l to n e mu l t i p l e
f r e q u e n c y ( D T M F ) , o r mu lt i fr e q u e n c y ( M F )

M u lt i - F r e q u e n c y (M F ) :

I t h o w e v e r b e c a me m o re p o p u l ar w it h t h e i n t ro d u c t io n o f d u a l
t o n e m u l ti p l e fr e q u e n c y ( DT M F ) mo d e o f d i a l i n g . S in g le c h i p
D T M F e n c o d e r s/ d e c o d e r s a re a v a i l a b l e t o d a y , w h i c h ma k e t h e
d e s i g n i n g su c h sy s te ms e a sy a n d r e l ia b l e

M u l t i- f re q u e n c y si g n a l i n g i s s i mi la r t o D T M F a n d i s u s e d o n
t ru n k c i r c u i t, p a y te le p h o n e s . Co m b i n a t i o n o f t wo t o n e s i s u s e d t o
t r a n s m it s i g n a l i ng i n fo r ma t i o n , M F a n d D T M F si g n a l s a r e mo r e
r e l i a b l e a n d c o n s i d e r a b l y fa st e r th a n p u l se d i a l . In b o t h me th o d s,
d i g i t s a r e t r a n s m it t e d a t t h e r a t e of a b o u t 7 d i gi t s p e r s e c o n d .

26
I n c o mi n g c a l l

W h e n a te le p h o n e se t i s c a l l e d , t h e l o c a l e x c h a n g e g e n e ra t e s a
h i g h ri n g v o l ta g e o f a b o u t 9 0 -1 0 5 Vo l t s AC wi t h a f r e q u e n c y o f
2 0 H z su p e ri mp o se d o v e r t h e mi n u s ( - ) 4 8 V o l t DC . A c a p a c i t o r i n
t h e p h o n e p a s s e s t h e AC b u t b l o c k D C. U p o n d e t e c t i n g t h e AC
v o l t a g e , t h e p h on e p r o v i d e s a n a u d ib le s ig n a l t h a t a l t o s t h e u s e r
of an i n c o mi n g c a l l. Each telephone se t p ro v id e a ringer
e q u iv a l e n t n u mb e r ( R E N) a s d e f i n e d wi t h i n F C C p a r t 6 8 a n d E I A
R S -4 7 0 . T h e RE N i s u se d t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e l o c a l e x c h a n g e c a n
provide the correct amount of power re q u i re d t o r in g the
t e l e p h o n e . It d e s c r i b e s th e fr e q u e n c y r a n g e , p o w e r r a n g e , a n d
b i a s v o lt a g e ra n g e o f t h e t e l e p h o n e s e t . Wh e n t h e p h o n e i s
a n s we r e d , D C c u r r e n t b e g i n s t o fl o w in t h e l o o p . T h e l o c a l
e x c h a n g e t h e c ur r e n t fl o w a n d r e m o v e s t h e s u p e r i mp o s e d r i n g
v o l t a g e . T h e -4 8V o l t s DC th a t i s a l w a y s o n t h e li n e o p e r a te s t h e
t e l e p h o n e wh e n it i s b e in g u s e d .

3 . 5 . 2 DT M F S I G N A L I NG

D T M F st a n d s fo r D u a l T o n e M u l t i p l e F r e q u e n c y . It i s a t o n e
c o n si st i n g of t wo fr e q u e nc i e s superimposed. Individual
f r e q u e n c i e s a re c h o se n su c h t h a t i t i s e a sy t o d e s i g n fi l t e r s a n d
e a sy to t ra n s m it th e t o n e s t h r o u g h a te l e p h on e l i n e h a v i n g
b a n d wi d t h o f a p p r o x i ma t e ly 3 . 5 k Hz . DT M F wa s n o t i n t e n d e d t o
b e u s e d fo r d a t a t r a n s f e r , it w a s me a n t t o b e u s e d f o r s e n d i n g t h e

27
c o n tr o l s i g n a l s a l o n g t h e te l e p h on e l i n e . W i t h s t a n d a r d d e c o d e r s
i t i s p o ss i b l e t o s e n d 1 0 b e e p s p e r se c o n d i . e . , f iv e b i t s p e r
s e c o n d . DT M F st a n d a rd s p e c i f i e s 5 0 ms to n e s a n d 6 0 0 ms d u r a t i o n
b e t w e e n t wo s u c c e s s i v e t o n e s .

1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz

697 Hz 1 2 3 A

770 Hz 4 5 6 B

852 Hz 7 8 9 C

941 Hz * 0 # D

Tabl e.3.2 DTMF Keypad Freq uenci es

G e ne r a t i n g D T M F

D T M F si g n a ls c a n b e g e n e r a t e d t h r o u g h d e d i c a t e d I C s o r b y u si n g
R C n e t w o rk s c o n n e c t e d t o a mi c r o p r o c e ss o r. M T 8 88 0 i s a n
e x a mp l e o f a d e di c a t e d IC . Bu t g e tt i n g t h e l a t t e r me t h o d w o rk i s
a b i t d i ff i c u l t i f h i g h a c c u r a c y i s n e e d e d . T h e c ry s t a l fr e q u e n c y
n e e d s t o b e s a c r i fi c e d fo r a n o n s t a n d a r d c y c l e le ng t h . He n c e t h i s

28
me th o d is u se d fo r si mp l e a p p l i c a t i o n s. M o s t o ft e n , a P I C m ic ro
c o u ld b e u se d fo r t h e a b o v e p u rp os e .

D e c o d i n g DT M F

D e t e c t i n g DT M F w it h s a t is fa c t o r y p r e c i s i o n i s a h a rd t h i n g .
O f t e n , a d e d ic a t e d I C su c h a s M T 8 8 7 0 i s u s e d fo r t h i s p u r p o s e . It
u s e s t wo 6 th o r d e r b a n d -p a s s fi l t e r s u si n g s wi tc h e d c a p a c i to r
f il t e r s a n d i t s u p p r e s s e s a n y h a r mo n i c s. H e n c e t h e y c a n p r o d u c e
pretty good sine waves fr o m d i s t o rt e d in p u t . Hence it is
p r e f e r re d . A g a i n mi c r o p r o c e s so r s c a n a l so b e u s e d , b u t t h e ir
a p p li c a t io n i s li mi t e d .

3 .5 .3 . RING DETEC TOR:

I t i s u s e d t o d e t e c t t h e ri n g s i g n a l fro m t h e t e l e p h o n e l i n e . It
g i v e s o u t a l o g i c a l o u t p u t to t h e mi c r o c o n t ro l l e r . A n o p t o c o u p l e r
M C T 2 E i s u s e d a s ri n g d e te c t o r .

I f r in g i s p re se n t – l o g i c 0

E ls e - l o g ic 1

N o r ma l t i me v o lt a g e i n te l e p h o n e l i n e = 4 8 V d . c

O F F h o o k v o l ta ge - 1 2 V d . c

R in g si g n a l v o l t a g e - 7 5 V a . c

29
3 .5 .4 . ON– OFF HOOK SIMULA TOR

I t i s u s e d to p i c k u p t h e t e l e p h o n e e l e c t r o n i c a l l y . A 1 2 v o l t d . c
s i g n a l i s o b t a in e d b y p la c i n g a re s i st o r a c r o s s th e te le p h o n e l i n e .
I t i s u s e d t o d e t e c t wh e t h e r t h e H a n d se t i s i n O N h o o k c o n d i t i o n
o r O F F h o o k c o n d it i o n s o a s t o se n d th e in fo r ma t i o n t o t h e
mi c r o c o n tr o l l e r . A 1 2 V r e l a y i s u s e d fo r t h e p u rp o s e .

3 .5 .5 . MICR OC ON TROLLE R

A by-product of mi c r o p r o c e s so r development was the

mi c r o c o n tr o l l e r . The s a me fa b ri c a ti o n techniques and
p r o g r a mmi n g c on c e p t s th a t m a k e p o s si b l e t h e g e n e ra l -p u r p o s e
mi c r o p r o c e s so r a l s o y i e l d e d t h e mi c r o c o n tr o l l e r .

M i c r o c o n t ro l l e r s a r e n o t a s w e l l k n o wn t o t h e g e n e r a l p u b l ic , o r
t o m a n y in t h e te c h n i c a l c o m m u n i t y , a s a r e t h e m o r e g l a m o ro u s
mi c r o p r o c e s so r. T h e p u b l i c i s, h o w e v e r, v e r y w e ll a w a r e t h a t
“ s o me t h i n g ” i s r e s p o n s ib l e fo r a l l o f th e s ma rt VC R s , c lo c k
r a d i o s, w a sh e r s a n d d r y e r s, v i d e o g a me s , t e l e p h o n es , m i c ro wa v e s,
T Vs , a u t o mo b i l e s , t o y s , v e n d i n g ma c h in e s, c o p ie r s , e l e v a t o r s,
i ro n s, a n d a m y ri a d o f o t h e r a r t ic le s t h a t a r e i n t e l l ig e n t a n d
“ p r o g r a mm a b l e ” . C o mp a n ie s are a l so aware that being

30
c o m p e t i ti v e i n th i s a g e o f t h e m i c r o c h i p r e q u ir e s t h e ir p ro d u c t s,
o r t h e ma c h i n e r y t h e y u s e t o ma k e t h o se p r o d u c t s , t o h a v e so m e
“ s ma r t s” .

3 .5 .6 . VOLTA GE C ON VERTER

T h i s i s u s e d t o co n v e rt T T L lo g i c v o l t a g e in to R S 2 3 2 v o l t a g e .

T T L L og i c : lo g ic 1 = 5 v

lo g i c 0 = G N D

RS232 : l og i c 1 = + 9 v

lo g i c 0 = - 9 v

I C M A X2 3 2 i s u se d a s v o l t a g e c o n v e rt e r . An e x t e rn a l c r y st a l
o s c i ll a to r i s u s e d fo r i t s o p e ra ti o n.

3 .5 .7 . PC S ERIAL PORT

T h i s p o rt i s u se d to g e t d a t a fr o m m i c ro c o n t ro ll e r t o p e r s o n a l
c o m p u t e r i n s e r ia l m a n n e r . Al l IB M P C a n d c o mp a t i b l e c o m p u t e r s
a r e t y p i c a l l y e q u ip p e d wi t h t wo se ri a l p o r t s a n d o n e p a r a l l e l p o rt .
A l t h o u g h t h e se t wo t y p e s o f p o rt s a r e u s e d fo r c o m m u n i c a t i n g
w i t h e x t e rn a l d e vi c e s , t h e y wo r k i n d i f fe r e n t wa y s.

31
A p a r a ll e l p o r t s e n d s a n d r e c e i v e s d a t a e i g h t b i t s a t a t i me o v e r 8
s e p a r a t e wi re s. T h i s a l l o w s d a ta t o b e t r a n s f e r r e d v e ry q u i c k l y;
h o w e v e r , th e c a bl e r e q u i r e d i s mo r e b u l k y b e c a u se o f th e n u mb e r
o f i n d i v i d u a l w i r e s i t mu st c o n ta i n . P a r a l l e l p o r t s a re t y p i c a l l y
u s e d t o c o n n e c t a P C t o a p ri n t e r a n d a re r a r e l y u s e d fo r m u c h
e l s e . A s e r i a l p o rt s e n d s a n d r e c e i v e s d a t a o n e b i t a t a t i me o v e r
o n e w ir e . W h i le i t t a k e s e ig h t t i me s a s l o n g t o t r a n s fe r e a c h b y t e
o f d a t a t h i s w a y , o n l y a fe w w ir e s a r e re q u i re d .

I n f a c t , t wo - w a y ( fu ll d u p l e x ) c o m mu n i c a t i o n s i s p o s s ib le wi t h
o n l y t h r e e se p a ra t e wi r e s - o n e t o s e n d , o n e t o r e c e i v e , a n d a
c o m mo n si g n a l g ro u n d wi r e .

3 .5 .8 . INTERFAC ING CIRCUIT

T h i s i s u s e d to i n te r f a c e t h e a u d i o si g n a l fr o m th e c o mp u t e r t o
t h e t e l e p h o n e l in e

3 .6 HARDWARE DES CRIPTION

3 .6 .1 MICROCONTROLL ER

T h e AT 8 9 C 2 0 5 1 i s a l o w -v o lt a g e , h i g h - p e r fo r m a n c e C M O S 8 -b i t
mi c r o c o m p u t e r wi t h 2 Kb y t e s o f F l a s h p ro g ra m ma b le a n d e r a s a b l e
r e a d o n l y me mo r y ( P E R OM ) . T h e d e v i c e is ma n u fa c t u r e d u s i ng

32
A t me l ’ s h i g h d e n s it y n o n v o l a t i l e m e mo r y t e c h n o l o g y a n d i s
c o m p a t i b l e wi t h th e in d u st r y st a n d a rd M C S -5 1 i n s tr u c ti o n s e t a n d
p i n o u t . By c o mb i n i n g a v e r sa t il e 8 - b i t C P U w i th F l a s h o n a
mo n o li t h i c c h ip , the A t me l AT89C2051 is a p o w e r fu l
mi c r o c o m p u t e r which provides a h ig h ly fl e x i b l e and c o st
e f f e c t i v e so lu ti on t o ma n y e mb e d d e d c o n tr o l a p p l ic a ti o n s .

T h e AT 8 9 C 2 0 5 1 p ro v id e s t h e fo l l o wi n g st a n d a r d f e a t u r e s : 2
K b y te s o f F l a s h , 1 2 8 b y t e s o f R A M , 1 5 I/ O li n e s, t wo 1 6 -b i t
t i me r / c o u n t e r s, fiv e v e c t o r tw o - le v e l in te rr u p t a r c h i t e c t u r e , a fu l l
duplex se r i a l port, a p r e c i s io n analog c o mp a r a t o r , o n - c h ip
o s c i ll a to r a n d c lo c k c i r c u i t ry .

I n a d d i t i o n, th e A T 8 9 C 2 0 5 1 i s d e si g n e d w i th s t a t ic lo g ic fo r
o p e r a t i o n d o w n to z e ro f re q u e n c y a n d su p p o rt s t w o s o ftw a r e
s e l e c t a b l e p o we r s a v i n g mo d e s. T h e I d l e M o d e s t o p s t h e C P U
w h il e a ll o w in g t h e R A M , t i me r / c o u n t e r s, se ri a l po r t a n d i n te rr u p t
s y st e m t o c o n t i nu e f u n c t i o n i n g. T h e P o we r Do w n M o d e s a v e s t h e
R AM c o n t e n t s b u t f r e e z e s th e o s c i l l a t o r d i sa b li ng a l l o t h e r c h i p
f u n c t i o n s u n ti l t he n e x t h a rd w a r e r e se t .

3 . 6 . 1 . 1 P i n C o n f ig u r a ti o n

T h e mi c r o c o n t r o l l e r A T 8 9 C 2 0 5 1 i s a v a il a b le i n 2 0 p i n D u a l
I n l in e P a c k a g e (D I P) .

33
 F i g u r e . 3 . 5 P i n d ia g r a m o f AT 8 9 C 2 0 5 1

3 .6 .2 DTMF Decod er

T h e M T 8 8 7 0 i s a s i n g l e c h i p D T M F r e c e iv e r i n c o rp o r a t i n g
s w i tc h e d c a p a c i t o r f i lt e r te c h n o l o g y a n d a n a d v a n c e d d i g i t a l
c o u n ti n g / a v e r a g i n g a l g o r it h m f o r p e r i o d me a s u r e me n t. T h e
f u n c t i o n a l b l o c k d i a g r a m o f M T 8 87 0 i s s h o wn i n t he b e l o w fi g u r e
d e p ic t s t h e i n t e rn a l wo r k i n g o f t hi s d e v i c e .

34
 Fi g u re . 3 . 8 F u n c t io n a l d ia g r a m o f IC M T 8 8 7 0

T h e DT M F si g n a l i s fi r s t b u f fe re d b y in p u t o p - a mp t h a t a l l o w s
a d j u s t me n t g a i n a n d c h o i c e o f in p u t c o n fig u ra ti o n . T h e i n p u t
s t a g e i s f o l l o w e d b y a l o w p a s s R C a c t i v e f i lt e r , w h i c h p e r f o r m s
a n t a l i a s in g fu n c ti o n . D i a l t o n e a t 3 5 0 a n d 4 4 0 H z i s t h e n r e j e c t e d
b y a 3 r d o r d e r s w i t c h e d c a p a c i t o r n o tc h fi l t e r. Th e s i g n a l i s s t il l
i n it s i n d i v i d u a l c o mp o n e n t s b y t w o 6 t h o r d e r swi t c h e d c a p a c it o r
b a n d p a s s fi l t e r. E a c h c o m p o n e n t s mo o t h e d b y a n o u t p u t fil t e r
a n d sq u a re d b y a h a rd l i mi t i n g c o m p a r a t o r. T h e t w o r e su l t i n g
r e c t a n g u la r w a v e f o r ms a r e t h e n a p p l ie d to a d i g i t al c i r c u i t , w h e r e

35
a c o u n t i n g a l g o r i th m me a s u r e s a n d a v e r a g e s t h e r e p e r i o d s . A n
a c c u r a t e r e fe r e n c e c l o c k i s d e r iv e d f r o m a n in e x p e n s i v e e x t e r n a l
3 . 5 8 M H z c r y st a l .

T h e t i m e re q u i r e d t o d e t e c t a v a l i d t o n e p a i r t d P i s a fu n c t io n o f
d e c o d e a l g o r it hm , t o n e f r e q u e n c y , a n d t h e p re v i o u s st a t e o f t h e
d e c o d e d l o g i c . E st (e a r ly , s t e e r i n g o u t p u t ) i n d i c a t e s t h a t t w o
t o n e s o f v a l i d f re q u e n c y h a v e b e e n d e t e c te d a n d i n i t i a t e s a n RC
t i mi n g c i r c u i t . If b o t h t o n e s a r e p r e s e n t fo r a mi n i mu m g u a r d
t i me , d e t e r mi n e d b y a n e x t e rn a l R C n e t w o rk , t h e D T M F s i g n a l i s
d e c o d e d a n d t h e r e s u l t in g d a t a l a t c h e d o n t h e o u t pu t r e g i st e r. T h e
d e l a y e d st e e ri n g o u t p u t ( st D ) i s r a i se d to i n d i c a t e t h a t n e w d a t a i s
a v a i l a b le . ( T h e o u t p u t c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o e a c h k e y p r e s s e d i s
s h o wn i n t h e t ru th t a b le )

3.6.2.1Tone detection

A f t e r re c e i v i n g a DT M F t o n e t h e D T M F d e c o d e r (M T 8 8 7 0 ) p l a c e s
t h e c o r r e s p o n d i ng b i n a r y n u mb e r o n i t s o u t p u t ( S tD ) g o e s h i g h t o
s t a te th a t n e w d a t a i s a v a i l a b l e . T h e d e t e c t i o n o f t h e d e l a y e d
s t e e ri n g o u t p u t i s to t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e re c e i v e d D T M F re c e i v e r
has already been explained.

36
 F i g u r e . 3 . 9 Pi n D i a g r a m o f I C M T8 8 7 0

3 . 6 . 2 . 3 F u n c t io na l D e s c r i p ti o n

T h e MT 8 8 7 0 D/ M T 8 8 7 0 D- 1 mo n o l i t h ic D T M F re c e i v e r o f f e r s
s m a l l s i z e , l o w p o we r c o n s u mp t i o n a n d h i g h p e r f o r m a n c e . I t s
a r c h i t e c tu r e c o n s i st s o f a b a n d s p l i t fi lt e r se c t io n , w h i c h
s e p a r a t e s t h e h i gh a n d l o w g r o u p t o n e s , fo l l o we d b y a d i g i t a l
c o u n ti n g s e c t i o n w h i c h v e ri fi e s t h e f re q u e n c y a n d d u ra t io n o f
t h e re c e i v e d t o n e s b e fo r e p a s s in g t h e c o r re sp o n d in g c o d e t o
the output bus.

F i lt e r S e c t io n

S e p a ra ti o n o f t h e l o w- g r o u p a n d h i g h g r o u p t o n e s is a c h i e v e d b y
a p p ly i n g t h e D T M F s i g n a l t o t h e i n p u t s o f t w o s i x th -o r d e r
s w i tc h e d c a p a c i to r b a n d p a s s fi l t e r s, t h e b a n d w i d th s o f w h i c h

37
c o r r e sp o n d t o t h e l o w a n d h i g h g ro u p fr e q u e n c i e s . T h e f il t e r
s e c t i o n a l s o i n c o r p o r a t e s n o t ch e s a t 3 5 0 a n d 4 4 0 H z fo r
e x c e p t i o n a l d i a l to n e r e je c t i o n ( s e e F i g u r e 3 ). E a c h fi lt e r o u t p u t
i s fo l l o w e d b y a s i n g l e o r d e r s wi t c h e d c a p a c i t o r f il t e r s e c t i o n
w h ic h s m o o t h e s t h e s i g n a l s p ri o r t o l i mi t i n g . L i mi ti n g i s
p e r f o r m e d b y h ig h -g a in c o mp a ra to r s wh i c h a r e p ro v id e d wi t h
h y s te re si s to p r e v e n t d e t e c t i o n o f u n w a n t e d lo w - le v e l s ig n a l s.
T h e o u t p u t s o f t h e c o mp a r a t o r s p r o v i d e fu ll r a i l l o g i c s w i n g s a t
t h e fr e q u e n c ie s of th e i n c o mi n g D T M F si g n a ls .

D e c o d e r Se c t io n

F o l l o wi n g th e fi lt e r s e c ti o n i s a d e c o d e r e mp l o y i n g d i g i t a l
c o u n ti n g t e c h n i q u e s t o d e te r m in e th e F r e q u e n c i e s o f t h e i n c o mi ng
t o n e s a n d t o v e r i fy t h a t t h e y c o r re sp o n d t o s t a n d a rd DT M F
f r e q u e n c i e s. A c o m p le x a v e r a g i ng a l g o r i t h m p r o te c t s a g a i n st t o n e
s i m u la t io n b y e x t r a n e o u s si g n a l s s u c h a s v o i c e w h i l e p r o v i d i n g
t o l e r a n c e t o s ma l l f re q u e n c y d e v i a t i o n a n d v a ri a t i o n s . T h i s
a v e ra g i n g a l g o r i th m h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d t o e n s u r e a n o p t i m u m
c o m b i n a t i o n o f i m m u n i ty t o t a l k - o ff a n d t o l e r a n c e t o th e p r e se n c e
o f i n t e r fe r in g f r e q u e n c ie s (t h i r d to n e s) a n d no i se . W h e n t h e
d e t e c t o r r e c o g n iz e s t h e p r e se n c e o f t wo v a li d t o n e s ( t h i s i s
r e fe rr e d to as the “ s ig n a l c o n d i ti o n ” in s o me i n d u st r y
s p e c i f ic a t i o n s) th e “E a r l y S t e e r i n g ” ( E S t ) o u t p u t wi l l g o t o a n
a c ti v e st a te . An y su b se q u e n t l o s s o f si g n a l c o n di t i o n w i ll c a u s e
E S t to a s s u me a n i n a c ti v e st a t e . T h e st e e ri n g c ir c u i t w o rk s i n

38
r e v e r se t o v a li d a te t h e i n t e r d i g i t p a u se b e t w e e n s i g n a l s. T h u s , a s
w e l l a s r e j e c ti n g s i g n a l s to o sh o r t t o b e c o n si d e re d v a l i d , t h e
r e c e iv e r wi l l t o l e r a t e s i g n a l i n t e r r u p t io n s ( d r o p o u t ) t o o sh o r t t o
b e c o n si d e r e d a v a li d p a u se . T h i s fa c i l it y , t o ge t h e r wi t h t h e
c a p a b i l it y o f se l e c t in g t h e s t e e r i n g t i m e c o n s ta n t s e x t e r n a l l y,
a l l o w s t h e d e si g n e r to t a i l o r p e r fo r m a n c e t o me e t a wi d e v a r i e t y
o f sy s te m r e q u i r e me n t s .

3 . 6 . 2 . 4 G u a r d T i m e A d j u s t me n t

I n ma n y s it u a ti o n s n o t r e q u ir i n g s e l e c t i o n o f to n e d u r a t i o n a n d
i n t e r d i g i t a l p a u s e , t h e s i m p l e st e e r i n g c i r c u i t sh o wn i n F i g u r e 4
i s a p p li c a b l e . Co m p o n e n t v a l u e s a r e c h o s e n a c c o rd i n g t o t h e
formula:

t R E C = t D P + t GT P

t I D= t D A + t G T A
T h e v a lu e o f tD P i s a d e v i c e p a r a me t e r a n d t RE C i s t h e
mi n i mu m s i g n a l d u r a t i o n t o b e r e c o g n i z e d by t h e re c e i v e r .
D i f fe re n t st e e ri n g a rr a n g e me n t s ma y be used to select
i n d e p e n d e n t l y t h e g u a rd t i m e s fo r to n e P r e s e n t ( t G T P ) a n d t o n e
absent (t GT A ). This ma y be necessary to me e t sy s t e m
s p e c i f ic a t i o n s wh i c h p l a c e b o t h a c c e p t a n d r e j e c t l i m it s o n b o t h
t o n e d u r a t i o n a n d i n t e r d i g i t a l p a u se . Gu a rd t i me a d j u s t m e n t a l s o
a l l o w s t h e d e s i g n e r t o ta il o r s y st e m p a ra m e t e r s s u c h a s t a l k o ff
and n o i se i mm u n i t y . In c re a si n g tREC i mp r o v e s t a l k - o ff

39
p e r f o r m a n c e s i n c e i t r e d u c e s t h e p ro b a b i l it y t h a t to n e s s i m u l a t e d
b y sp e e c h w il l ma i n t a i n si g n a l c o n d i t i o n l o n g e n o u g h t o b e
r e g i st e r e d . A lt e r n a t i v e l y , a r e l a t i v e l y sh o rt t RE C w i th a l o n g t D O
w o u ld b e a p p ro p r i a t e fo r e x t r e me l y n o i sy . E n v ir o n m e n t s su c h a s
f a st a c q u i si t i o n ti m e a n d i mmu n it y t o t o n e d r o p - o ut s a r e r e q u i r e d .

3.6.2.6 Features

• C o mp l e t e DT M F R e c e i v e r r e c o m me n d e d fo r mo s t a p p li c a t io n s,
l e a v in g R t o b e se l e c t e d b y t h e d e s i g n e r

• L o w p o w e r c o n s u mp ti o n

• I n t e r n a l g a i n s e t t in g a mp l i fi e r

• C e n t r a l o f fi c e q u a l i ty

• P o we r - d o wn mo d e

• I n h i b i t mo d e

• B a c k wa r d c o m p a t i b l e wi t h M T 8 87 0 C /M T 8 8 7 0 C - 1

3 . 6 . 2 . 7 Ap p l i c a t i o n s

• P a g i n g sy s t e ms

• R e p e a t e r sy s te ms / m o b i le ra d io

• C r e d i t c a r d sy s t e ms

• Remote control

• Personal computers

40
• T e le p h o n e a n sw e ri n g m a c h i n e

3 .3 VOLTAGE CONVERTER (MAX2 32 )

Th e M A X2 2 0 – M A X2 4 9 fa mi l y of line d r i v e r s/ r e c e i v e r s is
i n t e n d e d fo r a l l E I A /T I A- 2 3 2 E a n d V . 2 8 / V. 2 4 c o m mu n i c a t io n s
i n t e r fa c e s , p a rt i c u l a r l y a p p l i c a t i on s w h e r e ±1 2 V i s n o t a v a i l a b l e .
T h e s e p a r t s a r e e s p e c i a l l y u se fu l i n b a t t e r y - p ow e r e d s y st e m s ,
s i n c e t h e i r lo w - p o w e r sh u t d o w n m o d e r e d u c e s p o w e r d i s si p a t i o n
t o l e ss t h a n 5 µ W .

Feature

• O p e r a t e fr o m S i n g l e + 5 V P o w e r S u p p l y
• L o w - P o we r R e c e i v e M o d e i n S h u td o w n
• M e e t A ll E I A / T I A -2 3 2 E a n d V. 2 8 S p e c i f i c a t i o n s
• M u l t ip le D r iv e r s a n d R e c e iv e r s
• 3 - S t a t e D r i v e r a n d R e c e i v e r O u tp ut s

41
3 . 6 . 3 . 1 P IN Di a gr a m

F i g u r e 3 . 10 P i n D ia g r a m o f M A X2 3 2

S i n c e t h e R S 2 3 2 i s n o t c o mp a t i bl e wi t h t o d a y ’ s m i c ro p ro c e s s o r s
a n d m ic ro c o n t ro l l e r s, w e n e e d a l i n e d r i v e r ( v o l t a g e c o n v e r t e r ) t o
c o n v e r t th e R S 2 3 2 ’ s s i g n a l s to T T L v o lt a g e l e v e l s t h a t w i l l b e
a c c e p t a b l e t o t h e 8 0 5 1 ’s T x D a n d Rx D p i n s. On e e x a m p le o f s u c h
a c o n v e r t e r i s M A X2 3 2 f r o m M a x i m C o rp . T h e M A X 2 3 2 c o n v e r t s
f r o m R S 2 3 2 v o l ta g e l e v e ls to T T L v o lt a g e le v e l s, a n d v i c e v e r s a .
O n e a d v a n t a g e o f t h e M A X2 3 2 c h i p i s t h a t i t u se s a + 5 V p o we r
s o u rc e wh i c h i s th e sa m e a s t h e s o u r c e v o l t a g e fo r t h e 8 0 5 1 .

42
3 . 3 . 2 F u n c t io n a l D ia g r a m o f M A X 2 3 2

F i g u re 3 . 1 1 F u n c ti o n a l D i a g r a m o f M AX 2 3 2

T h e M A X2 3 2 h a s t w o se t s o f l i n e d r i v e r s fo r t r a n s f e r ri n g a n d
r e c e iv i n g d a ta , a s s h o wn i n F i g u re 1 0 -7 . T h e l i n e d r i v e r s u s e d fo r
T x D a re c a l l e d T 1 a n d T 2 wh i l e t h e l i n e d ri v e r s f o r R x d a r e
d e s i g n a t e d a s R 1 a n d R2 . In ma n y a p p l ic a t i o n s o n l y o n e o f e a c h
i s u se d fo r e x a m p le , T 1 a n d R 1 a r e u se d t o g e t h e r f o r T x D a n d

43
R x D o f t h e 8 0 5 1 a n d th e se c o n d s e t i s l e ft u nu s e d . N o t ic e i n
M A X 2 3 2 t h a t t h e T 1 li n e d ri v e r ha s a d e s ig n a t i o n o f T 1 i n a n d T 1
o u t o n p i n n u m b e r s 1 1 a n d 1 4 , r e s p e c t iv e l y . T h e T 1 in p i n i s t h e
T T L si d e a n d i s c o n n e c t e d to T x D o f t h e mi c r o c o n t r o l le r, wh i l e
T 1 o u t i s t h e R S 2 3 2 si d e t h a t i s c o n n e c t e d to t h e R x D p i n o f t h e
R S 2 3 2 DB c o n n e c t o r.

T h e R1 l i n e d ri ve r h a s a d e s i g n a ti o n o f R1 i n a n d R i o u t o n p i n
n u mb e r s 1 3 a n d 1 2 , r e sp e c t i v e l y . T h e R1 i n ( p in 1 3 ) i s t h e R S 2 3 2
s i d e th a t i s c o n ne c te d to t h e T x D p in o f t h e R S 2 32 DB c o n n e c to r,
a n d R 1 o u t ( p i n 1 2 ) i s t h e T T L s id e th a t i s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e R x D
p i n o f t h e mi c r o c o n tr o l l e r . S e e f i g u r e 1 0 -7 . No ti c e t h e n u l l
mo d e m c o n n e c t i on wh e re R x D fo r o n e i s T x D fo r th e o t h e r .

M A X 2 3 2 r e q u i r e s f o u r c a p a c i t o r s r a n g i n g f ro m 1 t o 2 2 F . T h e
mo s t wi d e l y u s e d v a l u e fo r th e se c a p a c it o r s i s 2 2 n f.

3 . 3 . 3 AP P L I C A T I O N S

• P o r ta b l e Co mp u t e r s
• L o w - P o we r M o d e ms
• I n t e r fa c e T ra n sl a t i o n
• B a t te ry - P o w e r e d R S - 2 3 2 S y s t e ms
• M u l t id ro p R S -2 3 2 N e t w o rk s

44
 CHAPTER 4

CIRCUIT
EXPLANATION

45
4.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 4.1 Circuit Diagram with landline interface

46
4.2 CIRCUIT OPERATION

• When the telephone is in the idle condition, the voltage will be -48V.

• When the ringing occurs, it will be 125V peak to peak AC signal

superimposed on -48V.

• The opto isolator is used to isolate the microcontroller from high voltage AC
signals and it consists of GaAs infrared emitting diode optically coupled to a
monolithic silicon phototransistor.

• The microcontroller will detect the ring through the port 1.5 and it will count
the number of rings.

• After a fixed number of rings, the microcontroller will send a signal to the
relay and then the automatic off-hooking of the telephone takes place. At the
same time, microcontroller will transmit ‘Z’ to the computer which is an
indication to play the ‘Welcome’ message.

• The relay used is DPDT type and after automatic off-hooking takes place,
the relay connects the telephone lines to the decoder IC 8870 and isolation
transformer.

• The transformer used is a line transformer used to isolate voice card from
high voltages.

• As the telephone lines are connected to the voice card, the caller gets to hear
the stored messages and asks the caller to enter the roll number of the
student whose result is to be known. After the caller dials the roll number
from the touch tone keypad of his telephone, that number will be decoded by
the decoder IC 8870 and the decoded information will be sent to the
computer via the microcontroller.

47
 • Computer on receiving the decoded information will check the database to
access the result of the student whose roll number is entered.

• Then the computer will send the desired information to the voice card and
the caller will get to hear the result of the student on his telephone through
the voice card.

4 . 2 . 1 T e l e p h o n e R in g s e n so r

T h i s C i r c u i t c a n b e u se d t o c o n n e c t a n y t e l e p h o n e to t h e
t e l e p h o n e li n e . W h e n t h e t e l e p h o n e h a n d s e t s a r e i n o n - h o o k
p o s it i o n , t h e c u r r e n t t h r o u g h t h e o p t o c o u p l e r L E D s i s i n a d e q u a t e
t o a c t i v a t e t h e i r i n b u i l t t r a n s i s t o r s . H o we v e r t h e r i n g s i g n a l
p a s se s t o te l e p h o n e i n p a r a l l e l s i n c e th e t e l e p h o n e l i n e i s
c o n n e c t e d to th e t e l e p h o n e i n s tr u me n t s t h r o u g h c o mb i n a t i o n o f
i n b u i l t L E D s o f o p t o c o u p le r s in p a ra l l e l wi t h re v e r se d i o d e s
w h il e t h e ‘ - ‘ m a r k e d t e l e p h o n e l in e is c o n n e c t e d t o t h e r e l a y.
I n i ti a l l y wh e n th e h a n d s e t s o f a ll t h e t e l e p h o ne s a r e o n t h e
c r a d l e s , t h e o p t oc o u p l e r w i ll n o t c o n d u c t a d e q u a t e l y a n d a s s u c h
t h e e m it t e r s o f i n b u i lt t r a n si s to r s o f o p t o c o u pl e rs a r e a t lo w
l e v e l. T h e t r a n s i s t o r o u tp u t a v a i la b l e a t t h e e m it t e r s a r e i n v e r t e d
t o l o g i c 1 st a t e a n d a p p l i e d t o t h e M i c r o c o n t r o l le r.

I n th i s c i r c u it o pt o c o u p l e r i s u se d t o s e n se t h e r i n g si g n a l. A r i n g
v o l t a g e f ro m e x c h a n g e i s a r o u n d 7 0 t o 9 0 v o lt (2 5 H Z A C ) c o m e

48
v i a te l e p h o n e l in e s. T h e t e l e p h on e li n e i s c o n n e c t e d to t h e r i n g
s e n so r ( o p t o c o u p le r I C M C T 2 E ) wi l l d e t e c t t h i s s i g n a l a n d t he
capacitor C2 (1 µ f/ 2 5 v ) b y p a s se s t h e 1 3 . 5 mA t o 6 0 ma A , AC
r in g in g c u rr e n t so t h a t t h e o p t o c o u p l e r g e t t u r n e d ON ( t h e d i o d e
a n t i p a r a l l e l wi t h t h e L E D ) a n o p t o c o u p l e r p r o v i d e c o n d i t i o n
d u r i n g t h e n e g a t iv e h a l f c y c l e o f th e ri n g i n g c u r r e n t . A s t h e
r e su l t , t r a n s i st o r T 1 g e t s fo rw a r d b i a s e d a n d i t c o n d u c t s , p u l l i ng
i t ’ s c o l l e c t o r t o w a rd s g ro u n d . T h i s wi l l t u rn ON t h e re la y b y
p r o v i d i n g th e m a g n e t i z i n g c u r r e n t . T h i s wi l l C e a s e s t h e DC
v o l t a g e a c r o ss t h e p h o n e l in e . T h e a u d i o si g n a l i s e x te n d e d t o t h e
O N / O F F h o o k d e t e c t o r ( Op t o c o u pl e r I C ). I f t h e t e l e p h o n e h a n d s e t
i s O N h o o k c o n d it i o n me a n s t h e te l e p h o n e L i n e c o n s i s t o f 4 8 v , t o
get a closed lo o p connection w i th the exchange fo r
c o m mu n i c a ti o n . H e r e a n o p t o c o u p l e r i s u s e d f o r O N/ O F F h o ok
d e t e c t io n , i t g e ts t h i s 4 8 v a s i n p u t a n d t h e p h o t o d i o d e a c q u i r e a
c o n d u c t i o n v o l t ag e a r o u n d 1 2 v b y t h e u s e o f r e si s to r R 1 . T h e
c o n d u c t i o n o f p h o to d io d e e mi t s l i g h t t o wa r d s p h o t o tr a n s i st o r a n d
t h e r e b y i t g e t s t h e G N D, w h i c h c on n e c t a 1 0 k r e si s to r ( R2 ) a c r o s s
t h e T e l e p h o n e L in e . S o t h a t t h e e x c h a n g e d e t e c t a s i g n a l f r o m t h e
s u b s c r i b e r s, t h a t t h e s u b s c r i b e r w a s r e a d y fo r c o m mu n i c a t i o n . I f
t h e t e l e p h o n e l in e i s u s e d fo r me s s a g e T x a n d Rx m e a n s , t h e h a n d
s e t i s fi r st p i c k e d u p t o c o n fo r m t h a t t h e i n c o m in g si g n a l i s V o ic e
o r M e s s a g e . A f t e r t h a t t h e su b s c r i b e r c a n p l a c e t h e h a n d se t wi t h
t h e b a se s e t . Onc e t h e h a n d se t i s p i c k e d u p m e a n s t h e µ c w il l
s e n t a a c k n o wl e d g e me n t si g n a l t o t h e µ c a t t h e d e s i g n a t i o n s i d e
. so t h a t th e h o o k d e t e c t o r wi l l p ro v i d e v o l t a g e d r o p in t h e L a n d

49
l i n e v o l t a g e , t h e r e b y a c l o se d l o o p c ir c u i t i s fo r me d b e t we e n
S u b s c r ib e r s a n d T e l e p h o n e e x c h a n g e .

I f i t i s a Vo i c e s i g n a l me a n s th e O N/ O FF h o o k d e t e c t o r fu n c t i o n
i s s a me a n d t h e H a n d se t i s u se d f o r V o i c e c o m m u n i c a ti o n . On c e
t h e h a n d s e t i s p l a c e d wi t h t h e b a s e se t a ft e r t h e v oi c e o r me s s a g e
c o m mu n i c a ti o n me a n s th e R e l a y c o n n e c t e d wi t h R i n g s e n s o r g e t
d e - e n e rg i z e d a n d T e l e p h o n e l i n e is d i s c o n n e c te d by t h e µ c .

O p t o c o u p l e r ( I C M CT 2 E)

T h e M CT 2 E o p to i s o la t o r s c o n si st o f a g a l l iu m a r s e n i d e in f r a r e d
e m it t i n g d i o d e d r i v in g a si l ic o n p h o to t r a n s i st o r i n a 6 -p in d u a l
i n - li n e p a c k a g e .

F i g u re . 4 . 2 . 1 P h o to tr a n s i st o r O p t o c o u p le

Feature

50
• U L re c o g n i z e d ( F i l e # E 90 7 0 0 )

• V DE r e c o g n iz e d ( Fi l e # 9 4 7 6 6 )

• M C T 2 a n d M CT 2 E a r e a l so a v a i l a b l e in w h i te p a c k a g e b y
s p e c i fy i n g -M s u ff i x , e g . M CT 2 - M

S c h e m a ti c d i a g r a m

F i g u r e 4 . 3 S c h e m a t i c d i a g r a m o f o p t o c o u p le r

Application

• P o we r su p p ly r e g u l a to r s

• D i g i ta l l o g i c inp u t s

• Microprocessor inputs

51
4 . 2 . 2 O N /O F F HO O K S IM U L A TO R

D u ri n g r i n g s ig n a l 7 0 t o 9 0 V r ms a t 2 0 -2 5 HZ A C w il l c o m e
t h r o u g h t h e t e l e p h o n e l i n e fr o m t h e E x c h a n ge b a t t e r y . T h e
o u t g o i n g si g n a l in g re fe r s s ig n a l r e a c h in g t h e e x c h a n g e fr o m t h e
s u b s c r i b e r s t e l e p h o n e , i n d i c a ti n g O N -h o o k , O F F - h o o k , h a n g u p,
d i a l i n g e t c . On c e t h e h a n d se t i s p i c k e d u p me a n s i t i s in o f f h o o k
c o n d it i o n a n d n o w t h e v o l t a g e r e d u c e s t o 4 7 v t o 4 8 v a n d ( i t i s
g i v e n t o i n p u t o n ON / OF F h o o k d e t e c t o r o p t o c ou p l e r I C ) C r a d l e
s w i tc h c l o s e s to fo r m a c l o se d l o o p c i r c u i t wi th t h e e x c h a n g e
b a t t e r y a n d t h e t e l e p h o n e c ir c u i t . T h i s c i r c u i t i s r e fe rr e d a s t h e
l o c a l l o o p c ir c u i t . E x c h a n g e b a t t e r y v o l t a g e s a r e t y p i c a l l y 4 8
v o l t s. T h e l o o p c u r r e n t i s u s e d b y th e e x c h a n g e t o e s ta b l i s h
O N / O F F h o o k s ta tu s o f t h e t e l e p h o n e . I f t h e l o o p c u r r e n t i s
1 3 . 5 mA t o 6 0 mA t h e e x c h a n g e d e t e c t s it a s OF F h o o k c o n d i t i o n
a n d i f th e lo o p c u r re n t i s l e s s t h a n 7 . 5 mA t h e e x c h a n g e i n t e r p re t s
i t a s O N h o o k c o n d i ti o n .

T h e o p e ra te d li n e v o l ta g e i s a b o u t 5 0 v D C a n d t h e i n c o mi n g
v o i c e v o l t a g e t o t h e t e l e p h o n e i n s tr u me n t v a r i e s f ro m 0 . 5 v to 1
v o l t a n d t h e ma x i m u m o u t g o i n g v o i c e v o l t a g e i s a b u t 2 v r m s . T h e
r in g si g n a l is 70- 90v r ms at 20 -25HZ.In pulse dialing
t e l e p h o n e s r e g i st e r s ig n a l i n g i s k n o w n a s D C l o o p s i g n a l i n g . I n
this case the dialed number is conveyed to the exchange by
“ m a k e ” a n d “b r e a k ” o f l o o p c ir c u i t .

52
 W h e n a ri n g sig n a l i s p r e se n t , t h e mi c r o c o n tr o l l e r w il l
s w i tc h o n th e R EL A Y t o a c h i e v e O F F h o o k c o n d i ti o n .

4 . 2 . 2 . 1 RE L A Y

T h e re l a y i s o n e o f t h e mo s t w i d e l y u se d c o mp o n e n t s in i n d u s tr i a l
e l e c tr o n i c s . I n c o m b in a t io n w i th t r a n si s to r s , S C Rs , e le c t ro n t u b e s,
a n d o th e r c i r c u it e l e m e n t , t h i s e l e c tr o ma g n e t i c d e v ic e p e r fo r m s
c o u n tl e s s t a s k s. T h i s re la y s a r e u s e d a s p r o t e c t i v e d e v ic e fo r
s w i tc h i n g , fo r i n d i c a t i n g a n d fo r t r a n s mi s si o n .

T ra n s m i s si o n r e l a y s a r e u se d in c o n j u n c t i o n wi t h t r a n s fo r m e r s,
i n d u c t o r s, c a p a c i t o r s i n p o w e r s y st e m a n d i n t e l e p h o n e a n d i n
o t h e r c o m mu n ic a t i o n s y st e m s . R e l a y s a r e e le c t ro ma g n e t i c a l l y
o p e r a t e d re mo t e l y c o n tr o l l e d s wi t c h e s wi t h o n e o r mo r e s e t s o f
c o n ta c t s. W h e n e n e rg iz e d , t h e r e l a y o p e r a t e s t o o p e n o r c l o se i t s
c o n ta c t s o r to o p e n so m e c o n t a c ts a n d c l o s e o t h e r s. C o n t a c t s w h i c h
a r e o p e n w h e n t h e re la y i s n o t e n e rg i z e d a re c a l l e d n o r m a l l y o p e n
( N O) o r si mp l y o p e n c o n t a c t s . C o n t a c t s , w h i c h a r e c l o s e d wh e n t h e
r e l a y i s n o t e n e rg iz e d , a r e c a l l e d n o r ma l ly c lo s e d c o n t a c t s.

F i g u re . 4 . 4 Re la y
53
R e l a y c o n t a c t a r e h e l d i n t h e i r n o r ma l p o si t i o n e it h e r b y s p r i n g or
b y s o me g r a v i t y a c t i v a t e d me c h a n i s m. An a d ju s t me n t o r a d j u st me n t s
a r e u su a ll y p ro v id e d t o s e t r e s t ra i n i n g fo rc e t o c a u s e t h e re la y t o
o p e r a t e w i th in p r e d e t e r m i n e d c i r c u i t c o n d i t i o n s.

R e l a y s a re e le c t ro m a g n e t i c c o mp o n e n t s wh i c h h a s a n o p e r a t i n g c o il
a n d c o n t a c t. T he c o i l sh a ll b e e n e rg i z e d wi t h A C o r D C s u p p ly .
A c c o r d i n g l y re la y s a r e a v a i l a b l e wi t h A C \ D C o p e r a t i n g c o i l s o f
v a r i o u s m a g n i t u de s s a y fr o m 6 V D C t o 2 2 0 V D C o r f o r A C v o l t a g e s
r a n g i n g fro m 2 0 V A C t o 4 4 0 AC .

T h e o p e ra ti n g p ri n c i p l e o f r e l a y s i s a s fo l lo w s w h e n t h e c o i l is
e n e rg i z e d , a n i r o n c o re a t t a c h e d t o t h i s a s s e mb l y g e t s ma g n e t iz e d .
T h i s t h e n a t t ra c t s a n a r m a t u r e w h i c h h a s e l e c t ri c a l c o n n e c t e d t o it .
T h e e l e c t ri c a l t e r mi n a l s s h o u l d b e f a b r i c a t e d i n s u c h a w a y t h a t t h e r e
s h a l l b e o n e c o m mo n t e r mi n a l; o n e n o r ma ll y c l o se d ( N C ) c o n t a c t
a n d o n e n o r ma l l y o p e n ( N O) c o n t a c t s . W h e n t h e re l a y i s n o t
e n e rg i z e d t h e c o n n e c t io n i s c lo s e d b e t we e n c o m mo n a n d NO
c o n ta c t s t h i s st a t e i s r e v e r s e d wh e n t h e r e l a y i s e n e r g i z e d t h i s r e l a y
c i r c u i t s h a l l b e u se d t o s wi t c h o n o t h e r p o we r c ir c u i t s, u si n g lo w
c o n tr o l v o l t a g e . T h e p o w e r c i r c u it a n d c o n t ro l c i r c u i t a r e p r a c t i c a l ly
i so l a t e d .

54
4 .2 .3 Serial Ports i n Co mpu ter

A l l I BM P C a n d c o m p a t i b l e c o m p u t e r s a r e t y p i c a l l y e q u ip p e d
w i t h t w o s e r i a l p o r t s a n d o n e p a r a l l e l p o rt . A l th o u g h t h e se t w o
t y p e s o f p o r t s a r e u se d f o r c o m m u n i c a ti n g wi t h e x t e r n a l d e v i c e s,
t h e y w o rk i n d i f fe re n t w a y s .

A p a r a ll e l p o r t s e n d s a n d r e c e i v e s d a t a e i g h t b i t s a t a t i me o v e r 8
s e p a r a t e wi re s. T h i s a l l o w s d a ta t o b e t r a n s f e r r e d v e ry q u i c k l y;
h o w e v e r , th e c a bl e r e q u i r e d i s mo r e b u l k y b e c a u se o f th e n u mb e r
o f i n d i v i d u a l w i r e s i t mu st c o n ta i n . P a r a l l e l p o r t s a re t y p i c a l l y
u s e d t o c o n n e c t a P C t o a p ri n t e r a n d a re r a r e l y u s e d fo r m u c h
e l s e . A s e r i a l p o rt s e n d s a n d r e c e i v e s d a t a o n e b i t a t a t i me o v e r
o n e w ir e . W h i le i t t a k e s e ig h t t i me s a s l o n g t o t r a n s fe r e a c h b y t e
o f d a t a th i s w a y , o n l y a fe w wi r e s a r e re q u i re d . I n fa c t , t wo - w a y
( fu l l d u p l e x ) c o m m u n i c a t i o n s i s p o s si b l e w it h o n l y t h r e e se p a r a t e
w i r e s - o n e t o s e n d , o n e t o re c e i v e , a n d a c o m mo n s i g n a l g r o u n d
wire.

RS-232C

R S -2 3 2 s t a n d s fo r R e c o m me n d S t a n d a rd n u m b e r 23 2 a n d C i s t h e
latest revision of th e st a n d a rd . The serial ports on m o st
c o m p u t e r s u s e a su b se t o f t h e R S - 2 3 2 C st a n d a r d . T h e fu l l RS -
2 3 2 C st a n d a rd s p e c i f ie s a 2 5 - p i n " D" c o n n e c to r o f w h i c h 2 2 p i n s
a r e u s e d . Mo st o f t h e s e p i n s a r e n o t n e e d e d f o r n o r m a l P C

55
c o m mu n i c a ti o n s , a n d i n d e e d , mo s t n e w PC s a r e e q u i p p e d wi t h
ma l e D t y p e c o n n e c t o r s h a v in g on l y 9 p in s.

P i n d e ta i l s o f P C s e r i a l p o r t

RS232
Connector
1 CD DSR 6
2 RD 7
3 TD RTS 8
4 CTS
DTR RI 9
5 GND

9 P in Co n n e c to r on a DT E device (PC
c o n ne c t io n )

P in
D ir e c t i o n o f s i gn a l :
N u mb e r

C a r ri e r D e t e c t ( C D ) ( fr o m D C E ) I n c o m in g s ig n a l f r o m
1
a modem

2 R e c e iv e d D a ta (R D) In c o mi n g Da t a fr o m a D CE

3 T r a n s m i tt e d D a t a ( T D ) O u t g o i n g D a ta to a DC E

D a t a T e r mi n a l R e a d y ( D T R) O u t g o i n g h a n d sh a k i n g
4
s ig n a l

5 S i g n a l G ro u n d Co mm o n re fe r e n c e v o l t a g e

56
 6 D a t a S e t Re a d y ( D S R ) I n c o m in g h a n d s h a k i n g si g n a l

7 R e q u e st T o S e n d (R T S ) O u t g o i n g fl o w c o n t r o l s i g n a l

8 C l e a r T o S e n d (C T S ) I n c o m in g fl o w c o n t ro l s ig n a l

R i n g I n d i c a to r (R I) ( fr o m D C E ) I n c o m i n g s i g n a l f r o m
9
a modem

Table 4.1 Pins of RS232

4 .3 P OWER SUPP LY

57
 F i g u r e 4 . 5 P o we r S u p p l y U n i t

T h e p o we r su p p ly s e c t i o n i s t h e i mp o r t a n t o n e . It s h o u l d d e l i v e r
c o n st a n t o u t p u t re g u l a t e d p o we r s u p p l y fo r su c c e s s f u l w o rk in g o f
t h e p r o j e c t . A 0 -1 2 V/ 5 0 0 mA t r a n s f o r m e r i s u s e d fo r o u r p u rp o s e ;
t h e p ri ma ry o f th i s t ra n s fo r me r i s c o n n e c t e d i n t o ma i n s u p p l y
t h r o u g h o n / o f f s w i t c h & fu s e f o r p ro t e c ti n g f r o m o v e rl o a d a n d
s h o rt c i r c u i t p ro t e c ti o n . T h e s e c on d a ry i s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e d i o d e s
c o n v e r t f ro m 1 2 V A C t o 1 2 V D C v o l ta g e , w h i c h i s fu rt h e r
r e g u l a t e d t o + 5 v, b y u s i n g IC 7 8 05 .

4 .3 .1 Regu lator IC (LM 7805)

T h e L M 7 8 0 5 mo n o l it h i c 3 - t e r m i n a l p o s it i v e v o lt a g e re g u l a t o r s
e m p lo y i n t e r n a l c u r re n t -l i mi t i n g , t h e r ma l s h u t d o w n a n d s a f e - a re a
c o m p e n s a t i o n , m a k i n g t h e m e s s e n t i a l ly i n d e st r u c t i b l e . I f a d e q u a t e
h e a t s in k in g i s p r o v i d e d , t h e y c a n d e li v e r o v e r 1 . 0 A o u t p ut
c u r r e n t . T h e y a r e i n te n d e d a s fi x e d v o l ta g e r e g ula t o r s i n a w i d e
r a n g e o f a p p l i c a t i o n s in c l u d i n g lo c a l (o n - c a rd ) r e g u l a t i o n fo r
e l i mi n a t i o n o f n o i s e a n d d is t ri bu t i o n p r o b l e ms a s so c ia t e d wi t h
s i n g l e -p o i n t re g u la t io n . In a d d it i o n to u se a s f i x e d v o l ta g e
r e g u l a t o r s, t h e s e d e v i c e s c a n b e u s e d wi t h e x t e r n a l c o mp o n e n t s t o
o b t a i n a d ju s t a b l e o u t p u t v o l t a g e s a n d c u rr e n t s .

C o n si d e r a b le e f fo r t wa s e x p e n d e d t o ma k e t h e e n ti r e s e r ie s o f
r e g u l a t o r s e a s y t o u s e a n d mi n i mi z e t h e n u m b e r o f e x t e r n a l
c o m p o n e n t s . It i s n o t n e c e s s a r y t o b y p a s s t h e o u tp u t, a l th o u g h

58
t h i s d o e s i mp r o v e t r a n s i e n t r e s p o n se . I n p u t b y p a ss i n g i s n e e d e d
o n l y i f t h e r e g u la t o r i s l o c a t e d f a r fr o m t h e fi lt e r c a p a c i t o r o f t h e
power supply.

Figure.4.6 Pins of LM780

59
 CHAPTER 5

SOFTWARE
DESCRIPTION

60
5 .1 Vi su al Ba si c 6 .0

Visual Basic ( Vi s u a l B e gi n n e r s A ll p u r p o se s y mb o l i c
I n st r u c t i o n C o d e ) i s t h e mo st p o p u l a r p r o g r a mmi n g l a n g u a g e fo r
w o rl d ’ s mo s t p o p u l a r o p e r a t in g s y st e m . Vi s u a l B a s ic i s t h e fi r st
l a n g u a g e p e o p l e c o n si d e r wh e n t h e y w a n t r a p i d a p p l i c a t i o n
d e v e l o p me n t fo r the wi n d o w e n v i r o n me n t . Visual B a s ic is
e v o lv e d fr o m t h e o ri g i n a l B AS I C l a n g u a g e , wh i c h i s wi d e l y u s e d
l a n g u a g e . E x i s t in g o b je c t s a r e d r a g g e d & d r o p p e d i n t o t h e p l a c e
i n st e a d o f w r it i n g n u me r o u s c o d e s . Wh i l e wr i ti n g t h e p ro g ra m s ,
w e a r e a b l e t o s e e h o w t h e p r o g r a ms r u n d u ri n g t h e r u n t i me . T h i s
i s g r e a t a d v a n t a g e o v e r o t h e r p r o g r a mmi n g l a n g u a ge . VB is b a s e d
o n a n e v e n t d r i v e n me t h o d mo d e l; i t a l s o h a s a se t o f d e b u g g i ng
t o o l s. T h e p r i ma r y r e a s o n b e h i n d s e l e c ti n g V B w a s b e c a u se t h e
i n t e r fa c e wa s s o li t t l e c o mp a r e d to o th e r t o o l s .

P r o p e r ti e s
T h e p r o p e r t i e s d e sc r i b e t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f t h e G UI c o mp o n e n t .
W h e n a d d in g a c o mp o n e n t , th e Na m e p r o p e r t y sh o u l d b e s e t
i mme d i a t e l y , a c c o rd i n g t o th e t h r e e - l e t t e r mn e mo n i c n a mi n g
c o n v e n t i o n s. T h e p r o p e r t i e s a re d is p l a y e d i n t h e P ro p e r t i e s
W i n d o w i n Na me / Va l u e p a i r s i n al p h a b e t ic a l o rd e r.

Event Procedures

61
 A n e v e n t p r o c e d u r e i s a p ie c e o f c o d e t h a t r e sp o n d s t o
e v e n t s t h a t c a n o c c u r fo r t h a t o b je c t . M o st of th e e v e n ts a r e
g e n e ra t e d b y t h e u se r, e n a b l in g t h e m t o d ic ta t e th e o rd e r o f
execution.

5 .2 . Vi sua l Basic (Seria l Commu ni ca tion )

5 . 2 . 1 In t r o d u c ti o n

T h i s c h a p t e r d i s c u s s e s h o w Vi s u a l B a si c c a n b e u se d t o a c c e s s
s e ri a l c o mm u n i c a t i o n fu n c t io n s. Wi n d o w s h i d e s mu c h o f t h e
c o m p l e x i t y o f s e r i a l c o m mu n i c a ti o n s a n d a u t o ma t i c a l l y p u t s a n y
r e c e iv e d c h a r a c t e r s i n a re c e i v e b u f fe r a n d c h a r a c t e r s s e n t i n t o a
t r a n s m i s si o n b u f fe r. T h e r e c e iv e b u ff e r c a n b e r e a d b y t h e
p r o g r a m wh e n e v e r it h a s t i me a n d t h e t ra n s mi t b u ff e r i s e mp t i e d
w h e n i t i s fr e e t o se n d c h a ra c t e r s .

5 . 2 . 2 Co m mu n ic a ti o n s c o n t r o l

V i s u a l B a s ic a llo w s ma n y a d d i t io n a l c o mp o n e n t s to b e a d d e d t o
t h e t o o lb o x . T h e M i c r o so ft C o mm. c o mp o n e n t i s u se d t o a d d a
s e ri a l c o m mu n ic a t io n fa c i l it y . In order to use the C o mm s
c o m p o n e n t th e fil e s M S C OM M 1 6 . O CX ( fo r a 1 6- b i t mo d u l e ) o r
M S C O M M 3 2 . O C X ( fo r a 3 2 -b i t m o d u l e ) mu s t b e p r e se n t in t h e
\ W I N D O W S \ S Y S T E M d ir e c to ry . T h e c l a s s n a me i s M S C o mm. T h e

62
c o m mu n i c a ti o n s c o n t ro l p r o v i d e s t h e fo l lo wi n g t w o wa y s fo r
h a n d li n g c o mmu n i c a t io n s

E v e n t -d r i v e n

E v e n t - d ri v e n c o m mu n ic a t io n s i s t h e b e st me t ho d o f h a n d l i n g
s e ri a l c o m mu n i c a t i o n a s i t fr e e s th e c o mp u t e r t o d o o t h e r t h in g s.
T h e e v e n t c a n b e d e fi n e d a s t h e r e c e p t io n o f a c h a r a c t e r , a c h a n g e
i n C D ( c a r r i e r d e t e c t ) o r a c h a n ge i n R T S ( r e q u e s t t o s e n d ). T h e
O n Co m m e v e n t c a n b e u s e d t o c a p t u r e t h e s e e v e n t s . a n d a l s o t o
d e t e c t c o mmu n ic a t i o n s e r r o rs .

P o l li n g

C o m mE v e n t p r o pe r ti e s c a n b e t e st e d t o d e te r m in e i f a n e v e n t o r
a n e r r o r h a s o c c u r r e d . F o r e x a m p le , t h e p r o g r a m c a n l o o p wa i t i n g
f o r a c h a r a c t e r t o b e r e c e i v e d . O n c e i t i s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s re a d
f r o m t h e re c e i v e b u f fe r. T h i s m e t h o d i s n o r ma l ly u s e d w h e n t h e
p r o g r a m h a s t i m e t o p o l l t h e c o m mu n ic a t io n s re c e i v e r o r t h a t a
k n o w n re sp o n s e i s i mm i n e n t .

V i s u a l B a si c u se s t h e s ta n d a r d W i n d o w s d r iv e r s f o r t h e se r i a l
c o m mu n i c a ti o n p o rt s ( su c h a s se r i a l u i . d l l a n d se ri a l . v x d ) . T h e
c o m mu n i c a ti o n c o n t r o l i s a d d e d to t h e a p p l i c a ti o n f o r e a c h p o rt .
T h e p a r a me t e r s ( su c h a s t h e b it r a t e , p a r i ty , a n d so o n ) c a n b e
c h a n g e d b y s e l e c t i n g C o n t ro l P a n e l ? Sy st e m ? D e v i c e M a n a g e r ?
P o r ts (C OM a n d L P T ) ? P o rt S e t t i n g s. T h e s e tt i n g s o f t h e

63
c o m mu n i c a ti o n s p o rt (t h e I R Q a n d th e p o rt a d d r e s s ) c a n b e
c h a n g e d b y s e le c t i n g C o n t ro l P a n e l ? S y s t e m? D e v ic e M a n a g e r?
P o r ts ( C OM a n d L P T ) ? R e so u r c e s fo r I R Q a n d A d d r e ss e s.

P r o p e r ti e s

T h e Co m m c o m p o n e n t i s a d d e d t o a f o r m w h e n e v e r s e r i a l
c o m mu n i c a ti o n s a re r e q u i r e d . By d e f a u l t , th e fi r s t c r e a t e d o b j e c t
i s n a m e d M S Co m m1 ( th e se c o n d i s n a me d M S Co mm 2 , a n d so o n ) .
I t c a n b e se e n th a t t h e ma i n p ro p e rt i e s o f t h e o b j e c t a r e :
C o m mP o r t , DT R E n a b l e , E OF E n a b l e , H a n d sh a k i n g , I n B u ff e r S i z e ,
Index, I n p u t L en , In p u tM o d e , L e ft, Na m e , Nu ll D i s c a r d ,
O u tB u f fe rS i z e , P a r i ty R e p l a c e , R T h r e sh o ld , RT S E n a b l e , S e t t in g s,
S T h r e sh o l d , T a g a n d T o p .

Settings

T h e S e t t i n g s p ro p e r ty se t s a n d r e t u r n s t h e R S - 2 3 2 p a ra m e t e r s,
s u c h a s b a u d r a t e , p a r i t y , t h e n u m b e r o f d a t a b i t , a n d th e n u mb e r
o f st o p b i t s. I ts sy n t a x i s :

[ f o r m.] MS Co m m. S e tt i n g s = s e t S t r [ $]

w h e r e t h e st r S t r i s a st r i n g w h i c h c o n t a i n s t h e R S - 2 3 2 s e t t in g s.
T h i s s tr i n g t a k e s th e fo r m:

" B B BB , P , D , S "

64
where

B BB Bd e fi n e s t h e b a u d ra t e ,

P the parity,

D t h e n u mb e r o f d a t a b i t s , a n d

S t h e n u mb e r o f s t o p b i t s.

T h e fo l lo wi n g l is t s t h e v a li d b a ud r a te s ( d e f a u l t is 9 6 0 0 B a u d ) :

1 1 0 , 3 0 0 , 6 0 0 , 1 2 0 0 , 2 4 0 0 , 9 6 00 , 1 4 4 0 0 , 1 9 2 0 0, 3 8 4 0 0 , 5 6 0 0 0 ,
1 2 8 0 0 0 , 2 5 6 0 00 .

T h e v a l i d p a r i ty v a l u e s a r e ( d e f a ul t is N) : E (E v e n), M (M a rk ) , N
( No n e ), O ( Od d ), S (S p a c e ) .

T h e v a l i d d a t a b it v a l u e s a r e ( d e f a u l t is 8 ) : 4 , 5 , 6, 7 o r 8 .

T h e v a l i d s to p b it v a l u e s a r e ( d e f a u l t is 1 ) . 1 , 1. 5 o r 2 .

A n e x a mp l e o f s e t t i n g a c o n t ro l p o r t t o 4 8 0 0 B a u d , e v e n p a r it y , 7
d a t a b it s a n d 1 st o p b i t i s: Co m1 . S e t t in g s = " 4 8 0 0 ,E , 7 , 1 "

C o m mP o r t

T h e Co m mP o r t p r o p e r t y s e t s a n d r e t u r n s th e c o mmu n ic a t i o n p o rt
n u mb e r . I t s s y n t ax i s:

[ f o r m.] MS Co m m. C o m m P o rt = p o r t Nu m b e r [ %]

w h ic h d e fi n e s t h e p o rt N u mb e r fr o m a v a l u e b e t w e e n 1 a n d 9 9 . A
v a l u e o f 6 8 i s r e t u r n e d i f th e p o r t d o e s n o t e x i s t .

65
PortOpen

The P o r t Op e n p ro p e rt y sets and returns the state of the

c o m mu n i c a ti o n s p o r t. I t s sy n ta x is :

[ f o r m.] MS Co m m. P o r tO p e n = [ { T r u e | F a l s e }]

A T ru e s e t t in g o p e n s t h e p o rt , wh i l e a F a l s e c l o se s th e p o rt a n d
c l e a r s th e re c e i ve a n d tr a n s mi t b u f fe r s ( t h i s a u t o m a t ic a l l y h a p p e n s
w h e n a n a p p li c a t io n i s c l o se d ). T h e f o l lo wi n g e x a mp l e o p e n s
c o m mu n i c a ti o n s p o rt n u mb e r 1 ( C OM 1 : ) a t 4 8 0 0 B a u d w i t h e v e n
p a r i t y , 7 d a t a b i ts a n d 1 s t o p b i t:

I n p u t t in g d a t a

T h e t h r e e m a i n p ro p e r ti e s u s e d t o re a d d a t a fr o m t h e r e c e i v e
b u f fe r a r e I n p u t , I n Bu f fe r C o u n t an d I n B u f fe r S i z e .

Input

T h e I n p u t p r o p e r t y r e t u rn s a n d r e m o v e s a s tr i n g o f c h a ra c t e r s
f r o m th e re c e i v e b u f f e r . I t s s y n t a x i s:

[ f o r m.] MS Co m m. I n p u t

To d e t e r mi n e th e n u mb e r of c h a ra c t e r s in the b u ff e r the
I n Bu f fe r Co u n t p r o p e r t y i s t e s t e d (t o b e c o v e re d i n t h e n e x t

66
s e c t i o n ) . S e t t i n g I n p u t L e n t o 0 c a u se s th e I n p u t p r o p e r ty t o re a d
t h e e n ti r e c o n t e n t s o f t h e r e c e i v e b u f f e r.

InBufferSize

T h e In Bu f fe rS i z e p r o p e rt y se t s a n d r e t u r n s t h e m a x i m u m n u mb e r
o f c h a r a c t e r s t h a t c a n b e re c e i v e d i n t h e re c e i v e b u f f e r ( b y
d e f a u l t i t i s 1 0 24 b y t e s ). I t s sy n ta x is :

[ f o r m.] MS Co m mI n B u f f e rS i z e = [ n u mB y t e s %]

T h e s iz e o f th e b u f fe r s h o u l d b e s e t so t h a t i t c a n st o r e t h e
ma x i m u m n u mb e r o f c h a r a c t e r s t h a t w il l b e r e c e iv e d b e fo r e t h e
a p p li c a t io n p ro g r a m c a n r e a d t h e m fr o m t h e b u f f e r .

T h e In B u f fe rC o u n t p ro p e rt y r e t urn s t h e n u m b e r o f c h a r a c t e r s i n
t h e r e c e i v e b u f fe r. I t c a n a l so b e u se d t o c l e a r t h e b u f f e r by
s e t ti n g t h e n u mb e r o f c h a r a c t e r s t o 0 . I ts sy n t a x i s :

[ fo r m. ] M S Co m m In Bu f fe rC o u n t = [ c o u n t % ]

67
 CHAPTER 6

METHODOLOGY

68
6 .1 Micro Co ntrol l er
A l g o r i th m

S T E P 1 : S t a r t t h e p ro g ra m

S T E P 2 : C h e c k w h e t h e r r in g s i g n a l i s p r e s e n t o r n ot .

S T E P 3 : I f r i n g si g n a l i s p re s e n t , ma k e te l e p h o n e O F F H O O K a n d

s e n d ‘ Z ’ si g n a l to P e r so n a l Co m p u t e r, e l s e g o t o ST E P 2 .

S T E P 4 : G e t th e D T M F s i g n a l t h ro u g h t h e DT M F d e c o d e r .

S T E P 5 : S e n d t he D T M F d a t a t o th e p c t h ro u g h t h e s e ri a l p o r t a n d
g o t o S T E P 4.

69
6 .2 VISU AL BAS IC

A l g o r i th m

S T E P 1 : S t a r t t h e p ro g ra m

S T E P 2 : C h e c k fo r th e d a t a ‘ Z ’ .

S T E P 3 : I f d a ta is p r e se n t, p l a y t he we l c o m e me s s a g e , e l se g o

t o st e p 2 .

S T E P 4 : P l a y t h e me s s a g e t o e n t e r t h e r o l l n u mb e r .

S T E P 5 : C h e c k w h e t h e r R o ll n u mb e r i s e n t e r e d o r no t .

S T E P 6 : I f y e s, c h e c k t h e d a t a b a s e f o r t h a t r o l l n u m b e r a n d t e l l
t h e r a n k t o u s e r.

70
 CHAPTER 7

APPLICATIONS

71
7.1 BANKING & FINANCE
Technological innovations have brought about not just new types of electronic
money, but also new bank-customer relationships. These relationships are fuelling
the demand for more and more innovative banking services such as:

• Call Center with Customer Relationship Management Software

• Credit Card Activation System
• Credit Card Authorization
• Forex Enquiry by Speech Recognition
• Stock Quote By Speech Recognition
• Telephone Banking System
• Telephone Loan Approval
• Trade & Account Inquiry Service
• Voice Recording System

8.2 EDUCATION
Apart from providing an environment for learning, educational establishments are
now improving their quality of service, offering a better level of support to both
students and to the public through:

• Enquiry Hotline
• Library Book Renewal
• Student Registration System
• Student Result Declaration System

8.3 GOVERNMENT

In order to improve the efficiency of information accessibility, many government

departments such as the Labour Department, the Education Department, the
Immigration Department, the Inland Revenue and the Department of Health, have
already implemented IVRS systems to provide hotline services.

72
8.4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS

In this highly competitive industry, we can help telecom service providers (wire
line or wireless) to develop infrastructure and add value to their services through:

• Prepaid Roaming
• Postpaid Calling Card, Prepaid Calling Card, and Wireless Prepaid (or Mobile
Prepaid)
• Mobile Number Portability
• Number Change Announcement
• Fax Stored-And-Forward Service
• Signaling Protocol Converters
• Telecom Call Center

73
 CHAPTER 8

Conclusion
&
Future Enhancement

74
7.1 CONCLUSION
The system designed will be intelligent for interaction and will suitably provide a
good response to the caller who will access it. It will be truly a responsible system
for human mankind. We will make it better than the present scenario system. It
will be digitally accessed and will have a strong data base and can be operated
easily and of low cost. And the future will show that every organization will be
using our system.

7.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In future, the concept of Interactive Voice Response System can be used in various
transport departments like Bus transport, Metro rail, Railways and Airports as the
transport companies not only need to be fast and responsive, but also need to
provide customers with an easily accessible information system providing:

• Information Enquiry

• Schedule Enquiry

• SISR Information Enquiry

• Teleticketing System

So, in near future, all the information regarding routes, timings etc. will be known
through the Interactive Voice Response System.Also, this concept may be
implemented in Cinema halls and Multiplexes where the caller will get to know the
timings of his favourite movies as well as he can book his tickets through this
system.

75
 APPENDIX 1

Source Code

76
Microcontroller Code

org 0000h

sjmp power_on

org 0003h

LJMP ISR

org 000bh

LJMP COUNTER

org 0013h

reti

org 001bh

reti

org 0023h

LJMP SERIAL

reti

power_on:

mov ie,#00h

mov ip,#00h

mov p0,#0FFH

MOV P1,#0FFH

MOV P2,#11111011B

MOV P3,#0FFH

77
RAM:

MOV R0,#07FH

CLR:

MOV @R0,#00H

DJNZ R0,CLR

INITIALIZE:

MOV IE,#10010011B

MOV IP,#00010000

MOV TMOD,#26H

MOV TH1,#0FDH ;SET BAUD RATE 9600 B/S

MOV SCON,#50H ;SETS SERIAL MODE 1,8-BIT DATA,1 STOP,1 START BIT

SETB TR1

SETB TCON.0

MAIN:

MOV TH0,#100

MOV TL0,#100

SETB TR0

M: SJMP M

DELAY:

MOV 30H,#3

78
RAJ2:

MOV 31H,#23

RAJ1:

MOV 32H,#234

RAJ:

DJNZ 32H,RAJ

DJNZ 31H,RAJ1

DJNZ 30H,RAJ2

RET

ISR:

MOV A,P1

SUBB A,#192 ;WHEN WE RESET DTMF IC ,THEN ALSO IT COMES TO ISR BCOZ IT GETS
AN INTERRUPT

MOV SBUF,A ;SBUF=0000(P0.3-P0.0)

RETI

COUNTER:

SETB P2.2 ;OFF-HOOKS RELAY

CLR P2.0 ;SWITCH ON THE EXTRA LED CONNECTED IN SINK

MOV SBUF,#'Z'

RETI

79
SERIAL: JB RI,TRANS

CLR TI

RETI

TRANS: CLR P2.2

SETB P2.0

CLR RI

RETI

Visual Basic Code

Option Explicit

' Plays the sound specified by

' lpszPlaySound. This function is

' limited to .wav files.

Private Declare Function sndPlaySound _

Lib "winmm.dll" _

Alias "sndPlaySoundA" ( _

ByVal lpszSoundName As String, _

ByVal uFlags As Long) _

As Long

Private Const SND_NOWAIT As Long = &H2000 ' Don't wait if the driver is busy

80
Private Const SND_SYNC As Long = &H0 ' Play synchronously (default)

Private Const SND_FLAGS As Long = SND_SYNC Or SND_NOWAIT ' Combination of two constants
above

Private Sub Form_Load()

' Fire Rx Event Every single Bytes

MSComm1.RThreshold = 1

' When Inputting Data, Input 1 Byte at a time

MSComm1.InputLen = 1

' 9600 Baud, No Parity, 8 Data Bits, 1 Stop Bit

MSComm1.Settings = "9600,N,8,1"

' Disable DTR

MSComm1.DTREnable = False

' Open COM1

MSComm1.CommPort = 1

MSComm1.PortOpen = True

End Sub

Private Sub MSComm1_OnComm()

81
Dim Data As String, X As Integer, i As Integer

Static z As Integer

Static y As Integer

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst

X = Adodc1.Recordset.Fields("ASCII").Value

' If comEvReceive Event then get data and display

If MSComm1.CommEvent = comEvReceive Then

Data = MSComm1.Input 'get data

If z = 1 Then

GoTo elec

z=0

ElseIf y = 1 Then

GoTo civ

y=0

End If

If Data = "Z" Then

' Call sndPlaySound to play our file

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\bugsbunny1.wav", SND_FLAGS)

82
 ElseIf Data = "1" Then

z=1

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\bugsbunny1.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print "1 detected"

ElseIf Data = "2" Then

Adodc1.RecordSource = "CIVIL"

Adodc1.Refresh

Print "2 detected"

y=1

End If

GoTo out

elec:

Print "entered elec"

Do

' For i = 1 To 10

If X = Asc(Data) Then

Select Case X

Case 49

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\daffyduck1.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 50

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\familyguy1.wav", SND_FLAGS)

83
Print X

Case 51

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\daffyduck2.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 52

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\austinpowers.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 53

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\goodmorningvietnam.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 54

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\jamesbond.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 55

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\robocop(2).wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 56

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\robocop.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 57

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\starwars.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

End Select

Exit Do

84
 Else

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext

X = Adodc1.Recordset.Fields("ASCII").Value

'Print x

End If

'Next i

Loop Until Adodc1.Recordset.EOF = True

z=0

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst

GoTo out

civ:

Print "entered civil"

Do

' For i = 1 To 10

If X = Asc(Data) Then

Select Case X

Case 49

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\daffyduck1.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 50

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\familyguy1.wav", SND_FLAGS)

85
Print X

Case 51

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\daffyduck2.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 52

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\austinpowers.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 53

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\goodmorningvietnam.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 54

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\jamesbond.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 55

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\robocop(2).wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 56

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\robocop.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

Case 57

Call sndPlaySound("D:\ivrs" & "\starwars.wav", SND_FLAGS)

Print X

End Select

Exit Do

86
 Else

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext

X = Adodc1.Recordset.Fields("ASCII").Value

'Print x

End If

'Next i

Loop Until Adodc1.Recordset.EOF = True

y=0

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst

GoTo out

End If

out: Print "out"

End Sub

Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)

MSComm1.PortOpen = False 'Close the COMM port

End Sub

Private Sub cmdfirst_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst

87
End Sub

Private Sub cmdlast_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveLast

End Sub

Private Sub cmdnext_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext

End Sub

Private Sub cmdprevious_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MovePrevious

End Sub

'ElseIf Data = "1" Then

'Call sndPlaySound("F:" & "\911.wav", SND_FLAGS)

'ElseIf Data = "2" Then

'Call sndPlaySound("F:" & "\ghostbustersray.wav", SND_FLAGS)

88
 REFERENCES
Websites:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_voice_response
2. http://web.cmc.net.in/products/ivrs/ivrs.asp
3. http://www.blissit.org/ivrs.htm
4. http://www.kleward.com/ivr_solutions.htm
5.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=information+on+IVR+syste
m
6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VRG-
4C0RRMJ-
4&_user=7427940&_coverDate=08%2F05%2F2004&_alid=810799566&_rdoc=
6&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_cdi=6234&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=7&_acct=
C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=7427940&md5=58db2884bc
bc7ed43d9119ed01eefe1a

Books:

1. Thiagarajan Vishwanathan/Telecommunication Switching System &

Networks/India PRI Pvt.ltd/Second Edition
2. Kenneth J.Ayala/The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture ,Programming and
Applications/India/PRI Pvt.ltd/Second Edition
3. Douglas V.Hall/Microcontroller and Interfacing/New York/TMH Publishing
Company Pvt Ltd/Second Edition

89