Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope of Work
1.1.1 The main aim of this booklet is to set down some regulations and limits based on
local practice, which should be taken into consideration during the structural
design process for building structures using normal weight concrete. The
contents of this booklet should be read in conjunction with the international
codes and specifications to be adopted (see clause 1.3) and in case of any
discrepancy, the requirement of this booklet. Should govern.
1.2 Definitions
1.2.1 The designer: The appointed firm structural engineer, who is directly involved in
the preparation of structural documents.
1.2.2 The Engineer: The Structural Engineer appointed by the Ministry of Public
Works & Housing to check and approve structural documents.
2. MATERIALS
2.1 Cement
2.1.1 The fineness of the ordinary Portland cement should be between 225 m2/kg and
300 m2/kg (Blaine Test).
2.2 Aggregate
2.2.1 It is not allowed to use aggregates containing serpentine unless directed
otherwise by the engineer.
2.3 Reinforcement
2.3.1 Yield strength of deformed reinforcing bars considered in the design should not
exceed 420 N/mm2 and 460 N/mm2 reinforcement complying with B.S.4449 to
be used in construction.
2.3.2 Yield strength of ordinary mild steel reinforcing bars considered in the design
should not exceed 250 N/mm2.
2.4 Concrete
2.4.1 The designer should consider the nature and type of project; the expected
concrete quality, the economy and all other relevant factors in deciding the grade
of the concrete to be adopted in the design. In general the grades commonly used
are between 30 – 45 KN/mm2. However, the designer in the preliminary design
stage is to inform the engineer regarding the grade to be adopted.
2.5 Durability
2.5.1 The concrete should have an adequate resistance to deterioration and the
environment in which it is placed such as weathering, chemical attack, abrasion
and fire.. etc.
2.5.2 Minimum nominal concrete cover shall satisfy the adapted code requirements
with the following minimum requirements being satisfied for all grades of
concrete:
POSITION Min. Cover
(mm)
a. In internal and external sides of columns & beams 30
b. To main reinforcement in beams 50
c. In floor slabs and soffits of roof slabs 25
d. In top of roof slab 25
e. Outermost bars in internal and external face of walls or
up stands 30
f. Bars in top of ground slab 30
g. Bars near faces in contact with soil for beams & column 40
h. Bars near face in contact with soil for footings 75
2.5.3 Fire Resistance: The designer is required to cover all the requirements of the
Civil Defence Department, Ministry of Interior Affairs, beside the requirements
of the code adopted; and, in case of any discrepancy, the local requirements
mentioned above should govern.
PART 1 : REINFORCED CONCRETE Page 3 of 9
b-Educational Building
Class Room 4 KN / M2
Library 5 KN / M2
Corridors, lobbies, Stairway, Foyer 4 KN / M2
c- Hospital
Words & Bedroom 3 KN / M2
X –Ray & Operating Theaters 5 KN / M2
Kitchen 4 KN / M2
Corridors, Lobbies, Stairway, Foyer 5 KN / M2
d-Offices
Public Area 4 KN / M2
For General Use 3 KN / M2
e-Mosque 4 KN / M2
3.1.3 Wind Forces
Basic wind speed considered in the design shall be 45 m/sec through all
UAE.
B- For boundary wall design wind pressure to be calculated on the basis of the
above and shall not be less than 0.6 KN/m2.
3.1.4 Earthquake Forces
Nominal protection of the building against seismic forces shall be applied
according to the following categories; It is to be stressed that these categories
give general guidelines. Since in case seismic design is to be considered this
should be included at the early design stages, the designer is required to consult
the engineer and get approval as to whatever, if any, measures are to be taken.
PART 1 : REINFORCED CONCRETE Page 4 of 9
b)Important Buildings
Pubic buildings such as mosques, schools, etc. and all buildings of less than 5
stories and more than 4 stories. Regarding this category, and in general, it is not
required to calculate any generated forces; forces; however, special
considerations shall be taken into account; these include the choice of the
structural system, uniformity in the lateral rigidity and the special seismic
detailing.
c)Ordinary Buildings
Residential and office buildings with a maximum of 4-stories. In this case, the
effect of earthquake forces can be neglected.
3.1.5 Other Forces and Effects
Such as temperature deflection, shrinkage, creep, vibration, construction,
erection, foundation movement etc.
3.2 Serviceability
3.2.1 Cracking
The shapes and dimensions of all members and the detailing of reinforcement are
to be designed so as to reduce the probability of the appearance of cracks wider
than 0.20 mm. Where members are exposed to aggressive environments, the
surface crack width should not exceed 0.004 times the nominal cover.
3.2.2 Deflection
3.2.2.1 Vertical deflection shall not exceed the limitations and requirements in the code
adopted in addition to the following:
b) The final deflection (including the effect of shrinkage, creep and temperature)
should not in general exceed span/250.
3.2.2.2 For tall buildings lateral movement shall not exceed 3.8 mm offset per story with
a maximum of 0.002 times the height.
3.2.3 Other limits as per the adopted code.
PART 1 : REINFORCED CONCRETE Page 5 of 9
3.5. Robustness
3.5.1 All members of the structure should be effectively tied together in the
longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions and design code requirement to be
considered.
3.5.2 Whenever the span of any structural element exceeding 20 m, deep investigation
is required, taking into account the effect of shrinkage, creep, temperatural
change,……etc
3.6.2 Unless otherwise directed by the engineer, expansion joints are to be provided
every a maximum of 30 m.
3.6.3 Temperature change to be used calculating the thermal effect should not be less
than 30C.
PART 1 : REINFORCED CONCRETE Page 6 of 9
4.6.2 4. The Number of bore holes and/or trial pits, their location and the depth of each
has to be approved by the engineer in advance of commencing the investigation.
4.6.3 The soil investigation engineering shall include:
a) Study of the general topography of the site as it affects foundation design and
construction.
b) Study of location of buried services if encountered.
c) Study of general geology of the area and any special features such as the
possibility of earthquake or climatic factors such as flooding.
d) The previous history and use of the site including any defects or failures of
existing or former buildings attributable to foundation conditions.
e) A detailed record of the soil and rock strata (including S.P. Test results at a
distance of 1.0 m maximum), and ground water conditions within the zones
affected by foundation bearing pressure and construction operations or any
deeper strata affecting the site conditions in any way.
f) Results of laboratory tests on soil and rock samples appropriate to the
particular foundation design or constructional problems.
g) Results of chemical analysis on soil or ground water to determine possible
deleterious effects on foundation structures.
h) Discussion of results of investigation in relation to foundation design and
construction.
I) Description of the main structures and the related loading.
j) Studying of all alternative types of foundation which could be adopted from all
points such as safety, settlement, economy, construction, etc.
k) In case of pad foundation, required depth of foundation from the bench mark,
the allowable bearing pressure and the settlement to be expected should be
stated.
I) In case of piled foundation, the bearing stratum, the required penetration of
piles in this stratum, the working loads and settlement likely to occur is to be
given. Also the recommended type of pile and any possible effects on adjacent
structures shall be noted.
m) Classes of soil with related type and quality of concrete, type of cement,
minimum cement content and any adequate protective coating, all based on the
chemical test.
PART 1 : REINFORCED CONCRETE Page 8 of 9
iv)Drawings:
a) General Arrangements and Details Drawings (Set 1): represent plans,
elevations and sections showing the layout of the reinforced concrete works and
all required details. Also show dimensions, levels and location of all structural
elements with respect to their axes.
b) Reinforcement Drawings (Set 11): Describe and Locate the reinforcements in
relation to the structure and to be read in conjunction with (Set 1). All data and
information regarding the reinforcements has to be shown in details and to a
proper scale. Special attention has to be paid to the details of connections.
c) Special details (if any) Set 111): showing the details of all precast and
prestrssed concrete elements, size and shape of the units, positions and sizes of
all holes and all other data required for proper handling and fixing of the units.
This Set 111 (if any) should include any other special details.