Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

rata_rata_kontrol .259 5 .200* .918 5 .517

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

rata_rata_eksperimen .182 5 .200* .961 5 .818

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

hasil

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

4.753 1 8 .061
 Independent Samples Test

t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence Interval

of the Difference
Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error

t df tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper

hasil Equal

variances -2.128 8 .066 -16.19000 7.60903 -33.73645 1.35645

assumed

Equal

variances
-2.128 5.485 .082 -16.19000 7.60903 -35.24048 2.86048
not

assumed

mberian Instruksi Mengerjakan WigglyMengunyah

Blocks Permen Karet Mengerjakan Wiggly Blocks

P
r
o
1.Attention is important in understanding problem (Bruning et al, 1999)
eluaran saliva (Snow dan Wackym, 2008) Meningkatkan insulin
s and lead to
2. Chewing gum may increase alertness changes in cognitive performance (Smith A, Cardiff University)
ply Oksigen dan glukosa ke otak dapat meningkatkan
e fungsi kognitif (Scholey, Universitas Northumbria)
3.Mengunyah permen karet dapat meningkatkan atensi: allertness dan flexibility.(Institute of Experimental Psychology,
sentrasi (Craig Johnston, Baylor College of Medicine,
s Houston)

Proses
 In a study published previously in this journal (Wilkinson et al., 2002), the effect of chewing gum on cognitive functioning was
examined. chewing may differentially affect specific aspects of attention. While sustained attention was improved by the chewing of
gum, alertness and flexibility were adversely affected by chewing. In conclusion, claims that the chewing a gum improves cognition
should be viewed with caution.

1. Menstimulasi pengeluaran saliva (Snow dan Wackym, 2008)

2. Meningkatkan Supply Oksigen dan kadar glukosa dalam darah dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif
(Scholey, Universitas Northumbria)
Stephens and Tunney5 tested the view that chewing increases heart rate which leads to an increased flow of nutrients, such as glucose,
to the brain.

• 3. Berpengaruh terhadap Atensi : Kesiagaan & fleksibilitas. Chewing may differentially affect specific
aspects of attention. While sustained attention was improved by the chewing of gum, alertness and
flexibility were adversely affected by chewing. In conclusion, claims that the chewing a gum improves
cognition should be viewed with caution. (Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of
Regensburg)
• 4.Chewing gum may increase alertness and lead to changes in cognitive performance (Smith A, Cardiff
University)
In 1939, Hollingworth1 found that chewing gum improved cognitive performance

• 5. Meningkatkan konsentrasi (Craig Johnston, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston)

• 6. Attention is important in understanding problem because attention is limited, and competing thoughts
can produce devided attention (Bruning et al, 1999)

Pembahasan:
first clarify the type of functions that are improved, then try and understand. the underlying mechanisms and also study real-life
activities (e.g. effects of chewing gum on learning and
retrieval of educational material; effect of chewing
gum on simulated driving; effect of chewing gum on
efficiency at work).