Employment MAY 2011

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0809
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 3, 2011
Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – MAY 2011
Nonfarm payroll employment changed little (+54,000) in May, and the unemployment rate was
essentially unchanged at 9.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains
continued in professional and business services, health care, and mining. Employment levels in other
major private-sector industries were little changed, and local government employment continued to
decline.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
May 2009 – May 2011 change, seasonally adjusted, May 2009 – May 2011
Percent Thousands
11.0 600
10.0 400
200
9.0
0
8.0
-200
7.0
-400
6.0 -600
5.0 -800
4.0 -1000
M ay-09 A ug-09 No v-09 Feb-10 M ay-10 A ug-10 No v-10 Feb-11 M ay-11 M ay-09 A ug-09 No v-09 Feb-10 M ay-10 A ug-10 No v-10 Feb-11 M ay-11
Household Survey Data
The number of unemployed persons (13.9 million) and the unemployment rate (9.1 percent) were
essentially unchanged in May. The labor force, at 153.7 million, was little changed over the month.
(See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.9 percent), adult women
(8.0 percent), teenagers (24.2 percent), whites (8.0 percent), blacks (16.2 percent), and Hispanics (11.9
percent) showed little or no change in May. The jobless rate for Asians was 7.0 percent, not seasonally
adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
In May, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) increased by
361,000 to 6.2 million; their share of unemployment increased to 45.1 percent. (See table A-12.)
The civilian labor force participation rate was 64.2 percent for the fifth consecutive month. The
employment-population ratio remained at 58.4 percent in May. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged in May at 8.5 million. These individuals were
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time
job. (See table A-8.)
In May, 2.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year
earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 822,000 discouraged workers in May, a decrease of
261,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons
not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in May (+54,000), following gains that
averaged 220,000 in the prior 3 months. Private-sector employment continued to trend up (+83,000),
although by a much smaller amount than the average for the prior 3 months (+244,000). In May, job
gains occurred in professional and business services, health care, and mining. Local government
employment continued to trend down. Employment in other major industries changed little over the
month. (See table B-1.)
Employment in professional and business services continued to increase in May (+44,000). Notable
job gains occurred in accounting and bookkeeping services (+18,000) and in computer systems design
and related services (+8,000). Employment in temporary help services was little changed.
Health care employment continued to expand in May (+17,000). Employment in the industry had risen
by an average of 24,000 per month over the prior 12 months.
Mining added 7,000 jobs in May. Employment in mining has risen by 115,000 since a recent low point
in October 2009.
Employment in manufacturing changed little in May (-5,000). Job gains in fabricated metal products
and in machinery were offset by losses in transportation equipment, paper and paper products, and
printing and related support activities. The manufacturing industry added 243,000 jobs from a recent low
point in December 2009 through April 2011.
-2-
Construction employment was essentially unchanged in May. Employment in the industry has shown
little movement on net since early 2010, after having fallen sharply during the 2007-09 period.
Employment in local government continued to decline over the month (-28,000). Local government has
lost 446,000 jobs since an employment peak in September 2008.
Employment in other major industries, including retail trade, transportation and warehousing,
information, financial activities, and leisure and hospitality, changed little in May.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.4 hours in May.
The manufacturing workweek for all employees increased by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours over the month,
while factory overtime was unchanged at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 33.6 hours in May. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)
In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents,
or 0.3 percent, to $22.98. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 1.8 percent. In
May, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 6
cents, or 0.3 percent, to $19.43. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised from +221,000 to +194,000,
and the change for April was revised from +244,000 to +232,000.
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 8, 2011, at 8:30
a.m. (EDT).
-3-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Change from:
May Mar. Apr. May
Category Apr. 2011-
2010 2011 2011 2011
May 2011
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237,499 239,000 239,146 239,313 167
Civilian labor force...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... . 154,237 153,406 153,421 153,693 272
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.9 64.2 64.2 64.2 0.0
Employed................................................................... . 139,353 139,864 139,674 139,779 105
Employment-population ratio.......................................... . 58.7 58.5 58.4 58.4 0.0
Unemployed................................................................ . 14,884 13,542 13,747 13,914 167
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 8.8 9.0 9.1 0.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,262 85,594 85,725 85,620 -105
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 8.8 9.0 9.1 0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)............................................. . 9.8 8.6 8.8 8.9 0.1
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.7 7.9 8.0 0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.4 24.5 24.9 24.2 -0.7
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 7.9 8.0 8.0 0.0
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 15.5 16.1 16.2 0.1
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ . 7.5 7.1 6.4 7.0 –
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ . 12.4 11.3 11.8 11.9 0.1
Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 0.2
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 13.7 14.6 14.7 0.1
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.8 9.5 9.7 9.5 -0.2
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.4 7.5 8.0 0.5
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 0.0
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,194 8,209 8,144 8,274 130
Job leavers................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 966 896 942 908 -34
Reentrants....................................................................... . 3,430 3,262 3,375 3,433 58
New entrants.................................................................... . 1,192 1,360 1,346 1,231 -115
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,763 2,449 2,691 2,664 -27
5 to 14 weeks................................................................... . 3,060 2,914 2,907 2,892 -15
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,174 1,957 2,006 1,984 -22
27 weeks and over........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,710 6,122 5,839 6,200 361
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,776 8,433 8,600 8,548 -52
Slack work or business conditions......................................... . 6,141 5,595 5,689 5,834 145
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,299 2,332 2,480 2,473 -7
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,977 18,417 18,282 18,468 186
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,223 2,434 2,466 2,206 –
Discouraged workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,083 921 989 822 –
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not
necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
May Mar. Apr. May

Category 2010 2011 2011p 2011p
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 194 232 54
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 219 251 83
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 40 38 3
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 15 9 6
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -37 5 5 2
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 20 24 -5
Durable goods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 21 18 8
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 1.7 2.9 -3.4
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 -1 6 -13
Private service-providing1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 179 213 80
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.3 14.4 5.3 3.3
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3.3 -5.6 64.0 -8.5
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 8.0 7.0 8.0
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1 -1 -1 -1
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -8 5 -2 3
Professional and business services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 75 50 44
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 30.0 -1.6 -1.2
Education and health services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 33 54 34
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 36.0 41.0 27.2
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3 46 32 -6
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 2 3
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 -25 -19 -29
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.8 49.6 49.6 49.5
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.0
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22.57 $ 22.89 $ 22.92 $ 22.98
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $771.89 $785.13 $788.45 $790.51
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.9 93.3 93.8 93.9
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.9 101.9 102.5 102.9
HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.6
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 19.03 $ 19.32 $ 19.37 $ 19.43
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $635.60 $649.15 $650.83 $652.85
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 100.5 100.7 100.8
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.4 129.7 130.3 130.8
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.0 65.7 65.0 53.6
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 63.0 64.8 54.9
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing
industries.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment
and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller
margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of
its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically
significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the
household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than
the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household
survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it
is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not
collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify
the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records.
The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information
on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with
fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the
total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment
change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that
forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the
net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth
of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance
benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who
are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People
on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or
question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including
those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In
addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and
other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.
How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month.
Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employ-
ment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for
holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but
not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off
work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as
those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to
be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have
a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay
period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the
effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the
month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed
whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire
week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most
requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or
and the Current Employment Statistics survey (estab- unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment
lishment survey). The household survey provides informa- rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD as a percent of the population, and the employment-popu-
DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households lation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau Additional information about the household survey can be
of Labor Statistics (BLS). found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on non- Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
farm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricul- government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
tural business establishments. The sample includes about those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
140,000 businesses and government agencies representing period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
approximately 440,000 worksites and is drawn from a sam- counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
pling frame of roughly 9 million unemployment insurance produced for the private sector for all employees and for
tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a related employees in manufacturing and mining and
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the logging, construction workers in construction, and non-
reference period is generally the calendar week that supervisory employees in private service-providing in-
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment dustries.
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the Industries are classified on the basis of an estab-
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the lishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007
calendar week. version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
Coverage, definitions, and differences between survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.
surveys
Differences in employment estimates. The num-
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect erous conceptual and methodological differences between
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on the household and establishment surveys result in impor-
responses to a series of questions on work and job search tant distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample the surveys. Among these are:
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
 The household survey includes agricultural
the labor force.
workers, the self-employed, unpaid family
People are classified as employed if they did any work
workers, and private household workers among the
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
employed. These groups are excluded from the
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
establishment survey.
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were  The household survey includes people on unpaid
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad leave among the employed. The establishment
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal survey does not.
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of  The household survey is limited to workers 16
the following criteria: they had no employment during the years of age and older. The establishment survey is
reference week; they were available for work at that time; not limited by age.
and they made specific efforts to find employment
 The household survey has no duplication of
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
individuals, because individuals are counted only
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
establishment survey, employees working at more
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
Seasonal adjustment error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor differ from the "true" population values they represent. The
force and the levels of employment and unemployment exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
seasonal variation can be very large. based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal percent level of confidence.
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
developments, such as declines in employment or increases change in total nonfarm employment from the
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large 100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-
to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000).
economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by
establishment survey, payroll employment in education these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however,
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least
more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month- a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact,
to-month economic activity. risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. change in unemployment as measured by the household
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in
such as total payroll employment, employment in most the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point.
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are In general, estimates involving many individuals or
computed by aggregating independently adjusted establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
component series. For example, total unemployment is size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- small number of observations. The precision of estimates
sex components; this differs from the unemployment also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the such as for quarterly and annual averages.
total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more The household and establishment surveys are also
detailed age categories. affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
For both the household and establishment surveys, a reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in population, inability to obtain information for all
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current respondents to provide correct information on a timely
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the the collection or processing of the data.
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
revisions to historical data are made once a year. reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
Reliability of the estimates establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
Statistics based on the household and establishment this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
employment losses from business deaths from sample- administrative records of the unemployment insurance
based estimation in order to offset the missing employment program. The difference between the March sample-based
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the employment estimates and the March universe counts is
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
the same employment trend as the other firms in the incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
birth/death employment. nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
The second component is an ARIMA time series range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The Other information
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
Information in this release will be made available to
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237,499 239,146 239,313 237,499 238,704 238,851 239,000 239,146 239,313
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,866 152,898 153,449 154,237 153,186 153,246 153,406 153,421 153,693
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 63.9 64.1 64.9 64.2 64.2 64.2 64.2 64.2
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,497 139,661 140,028 139,353 139,323 139,573 139,864 139,674 139,779
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.7 58.4 58.5 58.7 58.4 58.4 58.5 58.4 58.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,369 13,237 13,421 14,884 13,863 13,673 13,542 13,747 13,914
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.7 8.7 9.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.1
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,633 86,248 85,864 83,262 85,518 85,605 85,594 85,725 85,620
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,381 6,482 6,821 5,733 6,410 6,410 6,509 6,539 6,227
Men, 16 years and over
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,776 73,761 74,441 73,603 73,800 74,122 74,108 73,973 74,177
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,252 7,593 7,515 8,572 7,744 7,598 7,566 7,712 7,811
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,655 71,822 72,427 71,451 71,589 71,954 71,959 71,939 72,137
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,433 6,880 6,796 7,728 6,917 6,841 6,805 6,917 7,056
Women, 16 years and over
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,721 65,900 65,587 65,750 65,523 65,451 65,756 65,702 65,602
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,117 5,644 5,905 6,312 6,119 6,075 5,976 6,035 6,102
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,506 63,733 63,423 63,487 63,392 63,319 63,566 63,479 63,402
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,352 5,130 5,305 5,570 5,447 5,483 5,332 5,417 5,505
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,336 4,106 4,177 4,416 4,341 4,300 4,339 4,255 4,240
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,584 1,227 1,320 1,586 1,500 1,350 1,405 1,413 1,352
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
Employment status, race, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
WHITE
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,438 114,597 114,989 114,350 114,197 114,330 114,706 114,652 114,785
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,579 9,542 9,618 10,977 9,995 9,907 9,791 9,998 10,026
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,848 59,869 60,472 59,638 59,586 59,860 59,850 59,903 60,168
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,504 5,035 4,943 5,743 5,086 5,059 5,014 5,129 5,167
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,934 51,275 50,956 50,984 50,878 50,816 51,184 51,138 50,999
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,852 3,606 3,753 4,041 3,808 3,860 3,766 3,833 3,914
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,656 3,453 3,561 3,728 3,732 3,654 3,672 3,610 3,619
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,223 901 922 1,193 1,100 987 1,011 1,036 945
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,188 14,966 14,867 15,175 15,048 15,124 15,067 14,966 14,870
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,738 2,799 2,838 2,785 2,809 2,741 2,769 2,882 2,880
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,758 6,688 6,618 6,772 6,723 6,745 6,758 6,731 6,645
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,380 1,403 1,406 1,392 1,331 1,309 1,361 1,382 1,411
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,004 7,877 7,868 7,976 7,966 7,993 7,923 7,836 7,847
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,093 1,155 1,172 1,125 1,179 1,192 1,127 1,217 1,210
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 642 640 696 658 627 668 682 638
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 402 380 428 359 386 387 398 378
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 241 260 268 299 241 281 284 260
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,166 11,378 11,350 – – – – – –
See footnotes at end of table.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
Employment status, race, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,236 7,295 7,377 – – – – – –
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.8 64.1 65.0 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,692 6,832 6,863 – – – – – –
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.9 60.0 60.5 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 463 514 – – – – – –
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.4 7.0 – – – – – –
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,930 4,083 3,973 – – – – – –
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
Employment status, sex, and age May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,578 34,233 34,311 33,578 34,001 34,079 34,155 34,233 34,311
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,633 22,672 22,642 22,739 22,823 22,519 22,676 22,798 22,739
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.4 66.2 66.0 67.7 67.1 66.1 66.4 66.6 66.3
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,033 20,124 20,124 19,913 20,099 19,912 20,105 20,110 20,025
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 58.8 58.7 59.3 59.1 58.4 58.9 58.7 58.4
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,600 2,548 2,518 2,826 2,724 2,606 2,571 2,688 2,715
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 11.2 11.1 12.4 11.9 11.6 11.3 11.8 11.9
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,945 11,561 11,668 10,839 11,178 11,561 11,479 11,435 11,571
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,887 12,899 12,940 – – – – – –
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5 81.4 81.5 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,469 11,568 11,636 – – – – – –
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.4 73.0 73.3 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,417 1,331 1,304 – – – – – –
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 10.3 10.1 – – – – – –
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,752 8,896 8,799 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,853 7,884 7,820 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 1,012 979 – – – – – –
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 878 904 – – – – – –
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 672 668 – – – – – –
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 206 236 – – – – – –
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release
of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,338 11,703 11,669 12,104 11,383 11,317 11,652 11,567 11,442
Participation rate................................... . 46.6 46.1 46.0 45.7 45.1 45.5 46.1 45.5 45.1
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 10,655 10,000 10,072 10,305 9,770 9,749 10,059 9,876 9,757
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.2 39.4 39.7 38.9 38.7 39.2 39.8 38.9 38.5
Unemployed........................................ . 1,683 1,703 1,597 1,799 1,613 1,568 1,593 1,691 1,685
Unemployment rate............................. . 13.6 14.5 13.7 14.9 14.2 13.9 13.7 14.6 14.7
High school graduates, no college1
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 34,409 33,886 34,247 34,267 33,972 33,965 33,654 33,881 34,072
Unemployed........................................ . 3,945 3,599 3,423 4,138 3,541 3,560 3,517 3,626 3,581
Some college or associate degree
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 33,833 33,829 33,898 33,788 33,878 33,919 33,938 33,907 33,852
Unemployed........................................ . 2,874 2,634 2,761 3,057 2,963 2,865 2,715 2,730 2,928
Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 43,561 44,976 44,766 43,599 44,322 44,588 44,843 44,789 44,807
Unemployed........................................ . 2,012 1,937 2,012 2,110 1,941 2,003 2,076 2,109 2,118
1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total Men Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service May May May May May May
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,060 21,664 20,275 19,864 1,785 1,800
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,862 11,421 10,754 10,316 1,108 1,105
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.8 52.7 53.0 51.9 62.1 61.4
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,938 10,477 9,914 9,457 1,023 1,020
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.6 48.4 48.9 47.6 57.3 56.7
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924 944 839 859 85 85
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.3 7.8 8.3 7.7 7.7
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,198 10,243 9,521 9,548 677 695
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,130 2,394 1,755 1,984 374 409
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,734 1,923 1,471 1,647 263 276
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,550 1,691 1,327 1,435 223 256
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 232 145 212 40 20
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 471 284 337 111 134
Gulf War-era I veterans
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,400 2,207 2,068 1,929 331 278
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 167 157 144 18 23
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 476 281 347 93 129
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,732 3,337 3,625 3,223 106 114
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 267 280 257 2 10
Veterans of other service periods
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,257 3,242 2,894 2,870 363 372
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 278 258 245 25 32
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206,485 209,119 90,168 91,916 116,317 117,203
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,032 140,321 70,298 70,803 69,734 69,517
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,183 128,348 63,198 64,405 63,985 63,943
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,849 11,973 7,100 6,398 5,749 5,574
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,453 68,799 19,870 21,113 46,583 47,686
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time
periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age May May May May
2010 2011 2010 2011
TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... . 26,547 27,669 210,952 211,644
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,930 5,828 147,936 147,621
Participation rate..................................................................... . 22.3 21.1 70.1 69.7
Employed............................................................................. . 5,060 4,917 134,437 135,111
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 17.8 63.7 63.8
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 870 911 13,499 12,510
Unemployment rate............................................................... . 14.7 15.6 9.1 8.5
Not in labor force....................................................................... . 20,617 21,841 63,016 64,024
Men, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................. . 2,282 2,218 68,019 68,474
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 448 464 7,582 6,784
Women, 16 to 64 years
Employed............................................................................. . 2,052 1,919 60,856 60,748
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 330 360 5,616 5,361
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820 867 5,862 6,254
Employed............................................................................. . 727 780 5,561 5,889
Unemployed.......................................................................... . 93 87 301 365
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing
even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;
has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or
shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total Men Women
Employment status and nativity May May May May May May
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,647 36,348 17,901 18,200 17,746 18,149
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,210 24,253 14,339 14,511 9,871 9,741
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 67.9 66.7 80.1 79.7 55.6 53.7
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,125 22,216 13,088 13,333 9,037 8,883
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 61.1 73.1 73.3 50.9 48.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,085 2,037 1,251 1,178 835 859
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.4 8.7 8.1 8.5 8.8
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,437 12,095 3,562 3,688 7,875 8,407
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,852 202,965 97,100 97,957 104,753 105,008
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,656 129,196 67,689 67,445 61,967 61,751
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 63.7 69.7 68.9 59.2 58.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,372 117,812 60,688 61,108 56,684 56,704
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.1 58.0 62.5 62.4 54.1 54.0
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,284 11,384 7,001 6,337 5,282 5,047
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 8.8 10.3 9.4 8.5 8.2
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,196 73,769 29,410 30,512 42,786 43,257
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or
one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,272 2,061 2,315 2,214 2,256 2,255 2,251 2,087 2,243
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384 1,198 1,435 1,352 1,390 1,340 1,423 1,245 1,391
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . 848 830 850 823 861 889 835 818 822
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 33 31 – – – – – –
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,225 137,601 137,713 137,152 137,088 137,443 137,738 137,595 137,551
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,053 128,814 128,822 128,123 128,151 128,664 128,800 128,840 128,803
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,642 21,112 20,690 21,221 20,740 20,933 20,858 20,726 20,309
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,412 107,702 108,132 106,902 107,409 107,681 107,946 108,186 108,505
Private households........................... . 698 671 799 – – – – – –
Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,714 107,031 107,333 106,197 106,774 106,965 107,251 107,510 107,727
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . 9,087 8,693 8,812 8,928 8,864 8,688 8,773 8,650 8,655
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 94 79 – – – – – –
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,513 8,425 8,270 8,776 8,407 8,340 8,433 8,600 8,548
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,957 5,547 5,646 6,141 5,771 5,630 5,595 5,689 5,834
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,250 2,605 2,396 2,299 2,510 2,415 2,332 2,480 2,473
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,088 19,163 18,656 17,977 17,929 18,220 18,417 18,282 18,468
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,392 8,305 8,144 8,630 8,242 8,248 8,265 8,475 8,400
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,864 5,448 5,547 6,038 5,661 5,558 5,504 5,581 5,731
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,243 2,595 2,382 2,282 2,513 2,383 2,305 2,457 2,444
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,783 18,803 18,313 17,691 17,552 17,835 17,984 17,967 18,126
1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,
inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
Characteristic May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,497 139,661 140,028 139,353 139,323 139,573 139,864 139,674 139,779
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,336 4,106 4,177 4,416 4,341 4,300 4,339 4,255 4,240
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,376 1,145 1,203 1,427 1,406 1,311 1,326 1,247 1,249
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,960 2,961 2,974 2,978 2,939 3,000 2,990 2,989 2,982
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,161 135,555 135,850 134,938 134,982 135,274 135,525 135,419 135,539
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,704 12,864 12,868 12,824 12,941 12,954 13,021 12,978 12,970
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,458 122,691 122,983 122,177 122,026 122,245 122,479 122,423 122,641
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,353 93,762 94,088 94,212 93,758 93,764 93,949 93,690 93,919
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,180 30,318 30,617 30,207 30,438 30,412 30,538 30,354 30,627
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,933 30,483 30,402 30,823 30,373 30,409 30,605 30,441 30,302
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,240 32,961 33,069 33,183 32,946 32,943 32,806 32,895 32,989
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,104 28,929 28,895 27,965 28,268 28,481 28,530 28,733 28,722
Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,776 73,761 74,441 73,603 73,800 74,122 74,108 73,973 74,177
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,121 1,939 2,013 2,153 2,211 2,168 2,149 2,033 2,040
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 531 579 676 717 668 688 582 594
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 1,408 1,435 1,473 1,471 1,495 1,454 1,441 1,446
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,655 71,822 72,427 71,451 71,589 71,954 71,959 71,939 72,137
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,555 6,651 6,764 6,566 6,784 6,715 6,731 6,712 6,756
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,100 65,171 65,663 64,934 64,789 65,179 65,207 65,193 65,448
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,431 49,988 50,480 50,332 50,005 50,247 50,241 50,107 50,358
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,270 16,447 16,698 16,316 16,542 16,627 16,677 16,557 16,747
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 16,401 16,475 16,677 16,394 16,477 16,481 16,428 16,421
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,434 17,140 17,308 17,339 17,070 17,143 17,083 17,123 17,189
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,668 15,183 15,183 14,602 14,784 14,932 14,966 15,087 15,090
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,721 65,900 65,587 65,750 65,523 65,451 65,756 65,702 65,602
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,214 2,167 2,164 2,263 2,130 2,132 2,190 2,222 2,200
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 614 625 750 689 644 638 665 654
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,502 1,554 1,540 1,505 1,468 1,506 1,537 1,548 1,537
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,506 63,733 63,423 63,487 63,392 63,319 63,566 63,479 63,402
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,148 6,213 6,104 6,258 6,157 6,239 6,290 6,266 6,214
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,358 57,520 57,320 57,243 57,237 57,065 57,272 57,230 57,193
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,922 43,774 43,608 43,880 43,752 43,517 43,708 43,584 43,561
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,909 13,871 13,920 13,891 13,897 13,785 13,862 13,798 13,880
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,206 14,082 13,927 14,146 13,979 13,931 14,124 14,014 13,881
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,807 15,821 15,761 15,844 15,877 15,800 15,723 15,772 15,800
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,436 13,746 13,712 13,362 13,485 13,549 13,564 13,646 13,631
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,454 42,992 43,124 43,343 42,915 42,957 42,880 42,987 42,998
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,409 34,211 33,894 34,231 34,571 34,496 34,236 34,062 33,826
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,030 8,968 8,930 – – – – – –
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,809 111,844 112,618 112,642 112,356 112,660 112,775 112,484 112,342
Part-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,688 27,817 27,410 26,759 26,901 26,878 27,087 27,088 27,418
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,261 6,887 7,084 7,226 6,840 6,764 6,746 6,775 6,939
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,135 5,030 5,232 – – – – – –
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,935 9,523 9,661 9,750 9,724 9,577 9,608 9,468 9,477
1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons Unemployment rates
Characteristic (in thousands)
May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,884 13,747 13,914 9.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.1
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586 1,413 1,352 26.4 25.7 23.9 24.5 24.9 24.2
16 to 17 years................................... . 606 570 520 29.8 27.8 28.8 29.0 31.4 29.4
18 to 19 years................................... . 986 855 838 24.9 24.6 21.5 22.5 22.2 21.9
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,298 12,334 12,562 9.0 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.5
20 to 24 years................................... . 2,190 2,279 2,236 14.6 15.2 15.4 15.0 14.9 14.7
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,127 10,109 10,327 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.8
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,971 8,117 8,239 8.7 7.9 7.9 7.8 8.0 8.1
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,518 3,197 3,140 10.4 9.3 9.4 9.1 9.5 9.3
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,701 2,407 2,514 8.1 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.7
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,753 2,513 2,585 7.7 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.3
55 years and over............................ . 2,138 1,994 2,082 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.8
Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,572 7,712 7,811 10.4 9.5 9.3 9.3 9.4 9.5
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 795 755 28.2 27.2 25.9 26.2 28.1 27.0
16 to 17 years................................... . 324 283 271 32.4 29.1 28.5 28.5 32.7 31.3
18 to 19 years................................... . 529 517 488 26.4 26.6 24.8 25.3 26.4 25.2
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,728 6,917 7,056 9.8 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.8 8.9
20 to 24 years................................... . 1,258 1,284 1,259 16.1 15.9 16.4 16.4 16.1 15.7
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,450 5,625 5,765 9.0 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.9 8.1
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,244 4,505 4,632 9.4 8.3 8.1 8.0 8.2 8.4
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,078 1,812 1,808 11.3 9.8 9.5 9.3 9.9 9.7
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,568 1,273 1,338 8.6 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.5
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,598 1,420 1,486 8.4 7.5 7.3 7.6 7.7 8.0
55 years and over............................ . 1,207 1,121 1,133 7.6 7.1 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.0
Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,312 6,035 6,102 8.8 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.4 8.5
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 619 597 24.7 24.0 21.8 22.7 21.8 21.3
16 to 17 years................................... . 282 287 248 27.3 26.4 29.1 29.5 30.1 27.5
18 to 19 years................................... . 456 338 350 23.3 22.5 17.8 19.7 17.9 18.6
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,570 5,417 5,505 8.1 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.9 8.0
20 to 24 years................................... . 932 995 977 13.0 14.4 14.2 13.5 13.7 13.6
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,677 4,483 4,562 7.6 7.1 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.4
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,728 3,612 3,606 7.8 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.6
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,440 1,385 1,332 9.4 8.7 9.2 9.0 9.1 8.8
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,132 1,135 1,176 7.4 7.1 7.4 7.1 7.5 7.8
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,155 1,093 1,099 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.5 6.5 6.5
55 years and over1 .......................... . 850 782 876 5.9 6.3 5.7 5.8 5.4 6.0
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,112 2,756 2,696 6.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.9
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,276 2,056 2,072 6.2 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8
Women who maintain families1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,181 1,193 1,303 11.6 12.7 13.0 12.3 11.7 12.7
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,039 11,938 12,073 10.4 9.7 9.5 9.4 9.6 9.7
Part-time workers3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,898 1,840 1,833 6.6 6.2 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.3
1 Not seasonally adjusted.

2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time
jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Reason May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,812 7,958 7,885 9,194 8,519 8,334 8,209 8,144 8,274
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,192 1,186 1,004 1,448 1,249 1,270 1,197 1,251 1,214
Not on temporary layoff........................... . 7,620 6,772 6,881 7,746 7,270 7,064 7,013 6,894 7,060
Permanent job losers........................... . 6,360 5,449 5,566 6,408 5,879 5,671 5,625 5,480 5,653
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . 1,261 1,323 1,315 1,339 1,391 1,393 1,388 1,414 1,407
Job leavers............................................ . 922 911 869 966 910 898 896 942 908
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,455 3,217 3,477 3,430 3,357 3,352 3,262 3,375 3,433
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,180 1,151 1,190 1,192 1,351 1,337 1,360 1,346 1,231
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 60.1 58.8 62.2 60.3 59.9 59.8 59.0 59.8
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 9.0 7.5 9.8 8.8 9.1 8.7 9.1 8.8
Not on temporary layoff........................... . 53.0 51.2 51.3 52.4 51.4 50.7 51.1 49.9 51.0
Job leavers............................................ . 6.4 6.9 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.8 6.6
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.0 24.3 25.9 23.2 23.7 24.1 23.8 24.4 24.8
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 8.7 8.9 8.1 9.6 9.6 9.9 9.8 8.9
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.2 5.1 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4
Job leavers............................................ . 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Duration May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,743 2,325 2,664 2,763 2,678 2,390 2,449 2,691 2,664
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,526 2,478 2,356 3,060 3,016 3,094 2,914 2,907 2,892
15 weeks and over................................... . 9,100 8,434 8,401 8,884 8,495 8,172 8,078 7,845 8,184
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,459 2,333 2,235 2,174 2,285 2,179 1,957 2,006 1,984
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,641 6,101 6,166 6,710 6,210 5,993 6,122 5,839 6,200
Average (mean) duration, in weeks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 41.4 41.2 34.3 36.9 37.1 39.0 38.3 39.7
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 24.3 23.8 22.8 21.8 21.2 21.7 20.7 22.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 17.6 19.8 18.8 18.9 17.5 18.2 20.0 19.4
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.6 18.7 17.6 20.8 21.3 22.7 21.7 21.6 21.0
15 weeks and over................................... . 63.3 63.7 62.6 60.4 59.9 59.8 60.1 58.4 59.6
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.1 17.6 16.7 14.8 16.1 16.0 14.6 14.9 14.4
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.2 46.1 45.9 45.6 43.8 43.9 45.5 43.4 45.1
1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see
www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
Unemployment
Employed Unemployed
rates
Occupation
May May May May May May
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
Total, 16 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,497 140,028 14,369 13,421 9.3 8.7
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 51,839 52,778 2,450 2,419 4.5 4.4
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,856 21,355 1,074 1,094 4.9 4.9
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,982 31,423 1,376 1,325 4.3 4.0
Service occupations................................................. . 24,883 24,959 2,719 2,607 9.9 9.5
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,433 32,804 3,209 3,172 8.8 8.8
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,219 15,376 1,614 1,596 9.6 9.4
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,214 17,428 1,595 1,576 8.1 8.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................................ . 13,362 12,942 2,429 1,900 15.4 12.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 1,033 157 117 13.3 10.2
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,305 7,071 1,729 1,375 19.1 16.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............ . 5,028 4,838 543 408 9.7 7.8
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................................ . 15,980 16,546 2,359 2,100 12.9 11.3
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,938 8,113 1,193 1,094 13.1 11.9
Transportation and material moving occupations............. . 8,043 8,433 1,165 1,006 12.7 10.7
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the
introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is
derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with
earlier years.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed Unemployment
persons rates
Industry and class of worker (in thousands)
May May May May
2010 2011 2010 2011
Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... . 14,369 13,421 9.3 8.7

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,655 10,628 9.9 8.9
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... . 46 32 6.2 3.8
Construction.......................................................................... . 1,755 1,367 20.1 16.3
Manufacturing........................................................................ . 1,584 1,453 10.3 9.6
Durable goods..................................................................... . 1,028 920 10.7 9.6
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 533 9.7 9.6
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,998 1,845 9.8 9.0
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 483 7.8 8.0
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 227 9.8 7.3
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . 618 612 6.8 6.8
Professional and business services............................................... . 1,624 1,429 11.5 9.8
Education and health services..................................................... . 1,150 1,242 5.4 5.7
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . 1,601 1,402 12.4 10.6
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 536 8.1 8.4
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... . 163 131 10.8 8.7
Government workers................................................................... . 771 836 3.4 3.9
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 600 636 5.6 6.1
1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure May Apr. May May Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 5.2 5.1 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 8.7 8.7 9.6 9.0 8.9 8.8 9.0 9.1
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 9.2 9.2 10.3 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.5
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,
plus all other persons marginally attached to
the labor force, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all persons marginally attached
to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.6 10.1 10.0 10.9 10.7 10.5 10.3 10.4 10.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor
force................................................. . 16.1 15.5 15.4 16.5 16.1 15.9 15.7 15.9 15.8
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are
available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a
job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for
full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
Total Men Women
Category May May May May May May
2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force............................................ . 83,633 85,864 32,973 34,200 50,661 51,664
Persons who currently want a job. . . . ............................. . 6,381 6,821 3,078 3,337 3,303 3,484
Marginally attached to the labor force1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,223 2,206 1,177 1,158 1,046 1,047
Discouraged workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,083 822 644 469 438 353
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3 . . . . 1,140 1,384 533 689 608 695
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,261 7,084 3,559 3,491 3,702 3,593
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.6 5.5
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,826 3,731 2,134 1,987 1,692 1,744
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,903 1,883 591 670 1,312 1,214
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 295 216 185 94 111
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,177 1,130 592 629 584 501
1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,
but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling
or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation
problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Change
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May from:
2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2010 2011 2011p 2011p Apr.2011 -
May2011p
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,801 129,899 131,071 131,753 130,173 130,757 130,989 131,043 54
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,405 107,332 108,480 109,203 107,193 108,582 108,833 108,916 83
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,755 17,507 17,771 18,018 17,763 17,956 17,994 17,997 3
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 744 757 773 698 759 768 774 6
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.1 47.3 44.2 45.7 50.8 49.8 47.8 47.3 -0.5
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646.2 696.4 712.6 727.0 647.3 708.9 719.8 726.5 6.7
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.6 166.0 167.3 169.7 159.0 167.2 168.7 169.7 1.0
Mining, except oil and gas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.0 199.5 207.7 215.2 202.4 208.1 210.9 212.4 1.5
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.1 83.8 84.9 85.3 80.6 83.9 85.3 85.3 0.0
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283.6 330.9 337.6 342.1 285.9 333.6 340.2 344.4 4.2
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,564 5,184 5,385 5,576 5,529 5,522 5,527 5,529 2
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,238.6 1,168.4 1,185.7 1,212.1 1,243.3 1,224.2 1,220.0 1,214.7 -5.3
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576.6 536.0 543.8 556.9 578.6 565.1 563.1 557.2 -5.9
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.0 632.4 641.9 655.2 664.7 659.1 656.9 657.5 0.6
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . . 842.2 756.5 825.4 877.8 820.3 839.3 851.6 854.7 3.1
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,483.1 3,258.7 3,373.4 3,486.3 3,465.6 3,458.0 3,455.8 3,460.0 4.2
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . 1,487.7 1,358.6 1,415.4 1,484.7 1,475.9 1,457.3 1,455.3 1,469.4 14.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . . 1,995.4 1,900.1 1,958.0 2,001.6 1,989.7 2,000.7 2,000.5 1,990.6 -9.9
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,496 11,579 11,629 11,669 11,536 11,675 11,699 11,694 -5
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,048 7,187 7,224 7,250 7,065 7,232 7,250 7,258 8
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346.0 333.6 336.9 338.6 346.2 342.7 340.2 338.0 -2.2
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377.0 358.4 370.1 375.7 374.4 372.1 371.4 372.5 1.1
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359.1 375.2 379.0 382.9 361.0 376.4 380.9 384.0 3.1
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,269.8 1,331.1 1,335.5 1,344.3 1,279.7 1,339.0 1,344.7 1,351.2 6.5
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986.4 1,027.0 1,032.0 1,037.6 992.0 1,030.8 1,036.1 1,041.6 5.5
Computer and electronic products1 . . . . . . . . . . 1,093.8 1,118.3 1,120.9 1,120.9 1,096.9 1,119.6 1,123.1 1,122.7 -0.4
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . . 159.9 169.9 170.0 169.6 159.9 169.5 170.0 169.4 -0.6
Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116.9 117.4 119.2 118.2 117.3 118.3 119.6 118.8 -0.8
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.9 382.4 382.4 383.5 368.9 382.3 383.2 384.6 1.4
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405.2 403.3 403.2 402.8 405.5 404.1 404.1 403.2 -0.9
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . . 358.2 365.7 366.9 367.8 359.4 368.1 368.8 368.8 0.0
Transportation equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332.7 1,357.9 1,360.7 1,354.2 1,329.3 1,357.1 1,360.1 1,351.3 -8.8
Motor vehicles and parts2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679.2 696.8 699.4 696.7 676.0 695.0 697.9 694.5 -3.4
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360.2 347.4 348.7 354.2 358.8 351.1 350.3 352.5 2.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564.7 572.4 573.0 573.5 567.1 575.0 574.2 574.9 0.7
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,448 4,392 4,405 4,419 4,471 4,443 4,449 4,436 -13
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,430.9 1,419.9 1,424.7 1,429.3 1,451.4 1,449.7 1,456.0 1,449.0 -7.0
Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . . 181.9 173.7 176.2 181.3 182.9 179.8 180.6 181.9 1.3
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120.0 121.0 121.8 122.7 119.5 121.4 121.9 122.0 0.1
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119.7 115.8 115.5 116.2 120.0 116.4 116.2 115.9 -0.3
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157.2 154.9 156.6 157.5 157.4 156.2 157.1 157.4 0.3
Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 29.3 29.2 28.8 27.3 29.2 29.0 28.7 -0.3
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396.7 395.0 396.4 395.1 397.7 397.5 397.9 395.4 -2.5
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . . 489.8 472.1 470.1 468.2 490.3 473.5 472.4 468.1 -4.3
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.0 109.0 111.7 113.2 114.1 112.7 112.9 112.3 -0.6
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785.2 773.9 775.2 776.3 785.9 776.1 777.3 776.5 -0.8
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.7 627.0 628.0 630.3 624.5 630.6 628.1 628.9 0.8
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,650 89,825 90,709 91,185 89,430 90,626 90,839 90,919 80
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,524 24,505 24,678 24,822 24,584 24,791 24,869 24,872 3
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,447.8 5,492.0 5,515.6 5,538.1 5,444.6 5,522.6 5,527.9 5,531.2 3.3
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,711.4 2,750.3 2,756.3 2,769.8 2,714.8 2,764.0 2,766.7 2,771.5 4.8
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,934.2 1,931.9 1,945.7 1,953.1 1,928.0 1,945.7 1,946.5 1,945.1 -1.4
Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. . 802.2 809.8 813.6 815.2 801.8 812.9 814.7 814.6 -0.1
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,359.9 14,259.5 14,389.5 14,474.1 14,421.0 14,472.2 14,536.2 14,527.7 -8.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,630.4 1,643.7 1,665.1 1,675.4 1,624.4 1,659.9 1,667.3 1,670.0 2.7
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,001.7 1,023.8 1,032.6 1,039.8 1,001.6 1,030.1 1,035.3 1,040.4 5.1
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . . 430.0 428.5 428.4 428.0 436.7 435.1 435.1 435.1 0.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
— Continued
[In thousands]
Change
2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2010 2011 2011p 2011p Apr.2011 -
May2011p
Retail trade - Continued
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 485.1 494.0 495.7 491.5 494.2 496.3 501.4 501.0 -0.4
Building material and garden supply stores.. . 1,201.1 1,113.5 1,170.5 1,189.5 1,139.1 1,124.1 1,131.7 1,123.4 -8.3
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,808.5 2,790.4 2,807.6 2,825.6 2,811.2 2,819.9 2,832.2 2,825.9 -6.3
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . 979.3 962.8 966.1 969.7 980.7 969.7 971.9 970.9 -1.0
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819.7 803.5 810.5 821.0 817.8 814.5 816.2 818.4 2.2
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . . 1,332.4 1,372.2 1,383.1 1,379.7 1,372.1 1,418.5 1,422.4 1,422.9 0.5
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.3 582.4 577.9 579.3 600.0 598.9 597.3 596.7 -0.6
General merchandise stores1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,922.1 2,918.1 2,930.6 2,942.8 2,965.1 2,958.0 2,984.9 2,984.8 -0.1
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,447.8 1,454.9 1,454.2 1,459.7 1,487.2 1,488.4 1,498.0 1,497.7 -0.3
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762.6 745.8 751.8 765.0 761.5 762.8 761.7 761.9 0.2
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406.4 404.6 402.2 406.6 418.2 414.5 414.1 416.7 2.6
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,162.7 4,204.3 4,223.6 4,256.7 4,165.3 4,246.2 4,253.2 4,261.2 8.0
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463.6 472.2 471.8 473.4 463.4 472.6 470.8 473.1 2.3
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212.3 220.8 222.1 222.4 212.2 221.5 221.8 222.2 0.4
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 62.4 62.7 64.4 62.8 64.6 64.2 64.5 0.3
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,234.9 1,244.5 1,256.6 1,268.1 1,241.2 1,270.7 1,274.0 1,274.1 0.1
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440.8 455.4 461.1 465.5 424.5 444.8 448.5 449.8 1.3
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.7 42.9 43.2 43.1 41.9 43.2 43.2 43.2 0.0
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . . 29.5 21.8 23.6 30.5 27.7 28.0 26.8 28.3 1.5
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . . 538.8 547.4 553.2 554.6 541.4 552.3 555.7 556.1 0.4
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513.8 514.2 508.0 511.6 520.4 521.6 520.9 521.8 0.9
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624.5 622.7 621.3 623.1 629.8 626.9 627.3 628.1 0.8
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.5 548.7 549.6 552.9 553.4 550.1 551.6 552.2 0.6
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,718 2,679 2,681 2,684 2,715 2,683 2,682 2,681 -1
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . 759.1 754.5 755.4 752.8 761.9 756.1 756.8 755.6 -1.2
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.4 366.2 367.9 372.4 375.7 367.5 364.5 364.8 0.3
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291.8 295.5 294.1 293.7 293.6 296.1 295.8 295.5 -0.3
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897.9 872.8 866.9 864.4 901.0 872.4 871.0 867.6 -3.4
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244.3 240.7 242.6 242.8 242.3 240.1 239.8 240.5 0.7
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.3 149.2 153.6 157.4 140.5 150.7 153.9 156.6 2.7
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,625 7,572 7,580 7,601 7,640 7,611 7,609 7,612 3
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,682.7 5,663.5 5,656.9 5,657.1 5,694.4 5,668.5 5,665.5 5,667.1 1.6
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 21.1 21.0 21.2 20.7 21.1 21.0 21.2 0.2
Credit intermediation and related
activities1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,535.3 2,534.6 2,533.3 2,527.0 2,542.3 2,536.8 2,535.9 2,533.2 -2.7
Depository credit intermediation1 . . . . . . . . . . 1,725.7 1,742.0 1,746.3 1,747.7 1,731.2 1,746.3 1,749.0 1,750.9 1.9
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,301.7 1,314.9 1,318.4 1,318.0 1,305.2 1,317.6 1,320.4 1,321.5 1.1
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798.5 807.7 806.0 805.8 801.5 807.4 807.9 808.2 0.3
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . . 2,241.4 2,213.3 2,210.0 2,215.9 2,242.6 2,215.9 2,213.7 2,216.9 3.2
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . . 86.8 86.8 86.6 87.2 87.3 87.3 87.0 87.6 0.6
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,942.7 1,908.0 1,923.2 1,943.8 1,945.9 1,942.8 1,943.5 1,944.7 1.2
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,396.8 1,374.5 1,388.1 1,401.8 1,400.5 1,396.2 1,400.7 1,403.7 3.0
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520.8 507.9 509.5 516.3 520.2 520.9 517.1 515.2 -1.9
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . . 25.1 25.6 25.6 25.7 25.2 25.7 25.7 25.8 0.1
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,618 16,869 17,111 17,152 16,640 17,066 17,116 17,160 44
Professional and technical services1 . . . . . . . . . . . 7,325.8 7,614.3 7,651.2 7,545.2 7,407.0 7,549.6 7,575.9 7,616.2 40.3
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109.5 1,108.0 1,106.7 1,106.6 1,113.1 1,112.1 1,111.4 1,110.4 -1.0
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . . 824.6 1,019.7 1,012.0 871.7 884.8 904.3 908.5 926.3 17.8
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . . 1,273.1 1,272.9 1,286.7 1,295.9 1,277.0 1,291.3 1,295.6 1,298.6 3.0
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,429.4 1,477.6 1,488.9 1,494.9 1,434.8 1,485.7 1,491.5 1,499.7 8.2
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 977.4 1,013.6 1,026.6 1,034.2 982.7 1,022.7 1,032.9 1,038.1 5.2
Management of companies and enterprises. . . . 1,856.7 1,869.3 1,868.3 1,880.0 1,861.3 1,875.8 1,877.5 1,882.4 4.9
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,435.4 7,385.5 7,591.6 7,726.9 7,371.2 7,641.0 7,662.2 7,661.6 -0.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
— Continued
[In thousands]
Change
2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2010 2011 2011p 2011p Apr.2011 -
May2011p
Administrative and waste services - Continued
Administrative and support services1 . . . . . . . . 7,078.6 7,032.3 7,233.2 7,363.2 7,014.5 7,279.4 7,299.8 7,298.1 -1.7
Employment services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697.9 2,802.0 2,854.9 2,908.7 2,696.9 2,910.3 2,913.3 2,911.1 -2.2
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,058.7 2,157.8 2,195.8 2,244.0 2,057.5 2,247.6 2,246.0 2,244.8 -1.2
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797.0 806.1 801.0 793.7 804.1 802.3 803.5 801.6 -1.9
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . . 1,811.0 1,633.7 1,769.0 1,839.7 1,740.0 1,763.3 1,768.5 1,766.6 -1.9
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356.8 353.2 358.4 363.7 356.7 361.6 362.4 363.5 1.1
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,569 19,999 20,086 20,016 19,508 19,865 19,919 19,953 34
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,182.8 3,350.7 3,377.6 3,268.4 3,138.2 3,203.1 3,215.7 3,222.3 6.6
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,386.6 16,648.4 16,708.2 16,747.7 16,369.7 16,662.1 16,703.1 16,730.3 27.2
Health care3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,737.5 13,964.6 14,010.3 14,030.6 13,754.1 13,992.7 14,029.4 14,046.8 17.4
Ambulatory health care services1 . . . . . . . . . 5,953.9 6,075.7 6,106.0 6,116.5 5,954.8 6,088.5 6,108.4 6,118.5 10.1
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,307.2 2,339.3 2,345.4 2,348.2 2,311.6 2,343.4 2,350.3 2,352.5 2.2
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597.0 614.5 617.9 620.7 597.5 615.6 617.8 621.1 3.3
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,076.6 1,111.1 1,118.5 1,116.1 1,074.2 1,112.8 1,115.8 1,115.4 -0.4
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,665.8 4,720.5 4,729.9 4,733.3 4,678.5 4,728.6 4,740.1 4,744.2 4.1
Nursing and residential care facilities1 . . . . 3,117.8 3,168.4 3,174.4 3,180.8 3,120.8 3,175.6 3,180.9 3,184.1 3.2
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,656.4 1,676.4 1,677.2 1,678.7 1,657.7 1,680.3 1,680.7 1,680.3 -0.4
Social assistance1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,649.1 2,683.8 2,697.9 2,717.1 2,615.6 2,669.4 2,673.7 2,683.5 9.8
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875.4 878.9 883.0 887.4 852.6 860.5 861.5 863.6 2.1
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,228 12,788 13,133 13,444 12,995 13,171 13,203 13,197 -6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,981.1 1,748.5 1,865.1 1,973.1 1,899.8 1,904.7 1,904.5 1,890.8 -13.7
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . . 432.8 390.5 416.4 418.7 411.1 415.6 409.9 397.6 -12.3
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . . 132.6 121.5 129.8 135.0 127.0 129.7 131.0 129.3 -1.7
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . . 1,415.7 1,236.5 1,318.9 1,419.4 1,361.7 1,359.4 1,363.6 1,363.9 0.3
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,246.5 11,039.3 11,268.0 11,471.2 11,095.3 11,266.3 11,298.4 11,305.7 7.3
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,753.2 1,719.8 1,745.9 1,780.1 1,758.3 1,783.4 1,787.4 1,781.1 -6.3
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . . 9,493.3 9,319.5 9,522.1 9,691.1 9,337.0 9,482.9 9,511.0 9,524.6 13.6
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,368 5,413 5,440 5,466 5,348 5,439 5,441 5,444 3
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,147.8 1,149.7 1,155.5 1,161.9 1,139.0 1,152.2 1,150.2 1,151.9 1.7
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279.4 1,272.0 1,283.2 1,296.5 1,264.4 1,278.5 1,279.0 1,280.7 1.7
Membership associations and organizations. . . . 2,941.1 2,990.9 3,000.9 3,007.1 2,944.2 3,008.7 3,012.2 3,011.5 -0.7
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,396 22,567 22,591 22,550 22,980 22,175 22,156 22,127 -29
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,410.0 2,834.0 2,846.0 2,847.0 3,413.0 2,854.0 2,850.0 2,851.0 1.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,754.6 2,204.4 2,211.3 2,220.9 2,753.3 2,220.3 2,217.8 2,220.3 2.5
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655.2 629.8 634.9 626.5 659.7 633.7 632.4 630.2 -2.2
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,176.0 5,253.0 5,253.0 5,150.0 5,135.0 5,119.0 5,113.0 5,111.0 -2.0
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,403.7 2,540.5 2,540.7 2,437.0 2,367.1 2,397.2 2,397.0 2,400.8 3.8
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 2,771.9 2,712.7 2,712.7 2,713.2 2,768.1 2,721.4 2,716.1 2,710.4 -5.7
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,810.0 14,480.0 14,492.0 14,553.0 14,432.0 14,202.0 14,193.0 14,165.0 -28.0
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,435.4 8,290.6 8,289.1 8,293.2 8,052.5 7,918.0 7,919.2 7,901.7 -17.5
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . 6,374.5 6,189.0 6,202.4 6,259.5 6,379.7 6,284.4 6,273.4 6,263.2 -10.2
1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
May Mar. Apr. May
Industry 2010 2011 2011p 2011p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. . 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.8 39.9 39.9 40.1
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 44.2 43.8 44.4
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.8 37.9 38.2 38.5
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 40.5 40.4 40.6
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. . 40.8 40.9 40.8 40.9
Nondurable goods.............................................................. . 40.1 39.8 39.8 40.0
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 34.5 34.6 34.6
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 38.5 38.6 38.7
Retail trade...................................................................... . 31.4 31.4 31.6 31.5
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.5 38.8 38.8 38.9
Utilities........................................................................... . 41.6 41.9 42.0 42.4
Information......................................................................... . 36.6 36.5 36.6 36.7
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37.0 36.9 37.1 36.9
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.4 35.6 35.7 35.7
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.8 32.7 32.8 32.9
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 25.9 26.0 26.0
Other services..................................................................... . 31.8 31.7 31.8 31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... . 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2
Nondurable goods................................................................... . 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Industry May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May
2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2010 2011 2011p 2011p
Total private................................................ . $22.57 $22.89 $22.92 $22.98 $ 771.89 $ 785.13 $ 788.45 $ 790.51
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.05 24.29 24.34 24.40 957.19 969.17 971.17 978.44
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.53 28.10 28.34 28.35 1,214.07 1,242.02 1,241.29 1,258.74
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.15 25.37 25.38 25.37 950.67 961.52 969.52 976.75
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.33 23.55 23.59 23.68 944.87 953.78 953.04 961.41
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.81 25.05 25.09 25.20 1,012.25 1,024.55 1,023.67 1,030.68
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.94 21.03 21.09 21.13 839.69 836.99 839.38 845.20
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.22 22.56 22.59 22.64 735.48 748.99 752.25 753.91
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.66 19.86 19.93 19.96 674.34 685.17 689.58 690.62
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.13 26.10 26.24 26.23 995.55 1,004.85 1,012.86 1,015.10
Retail trade......................................... . 15.58 15.68 15.73 15.72 489.21 492.35 497.07 495.18
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.91 21.43 21.53 21.60 805.04 831.48 835.36 840.24
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 32.85 33.41 33.72 33.91 1,366.56 1,399.88 1,416.24 1,437.78
Information............................................ . 30.41 31.78 31.44 31.47 1,113.01 1,159.97 1,150.70 1,154.95
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.16 27.63 27.65 27.62 1,004.92 1,019.55 1,025.82 1,019.18
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.17 27.54 27.58 27.66 961.82 980.42 984.61 987.46
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.89 23.38 23.41 23.50 750.79 764.53 767.85 773.15
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.08 13.19 13.21 13.24 336.16 341.62 343.46 344.24
Other services........................................ . 20.14 20.37 20.36 20.42 640.45 645.73 647.45 651.40
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2
Percent Percent
change change
Industry from: from:
May Mar. Apr. May Apr. May Mar. Apr. May Apr.
2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2011 - 2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2011 -
May May
2011p 2011p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.9 93.3 93.8 93.9 0.1 98.9 101.9 102.5 102.9 0.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80.5 81.6 81.8 82.2 0.5 87.5 89.6 90.0 90.7 0.8
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.7 105.4 105.7 108.0 2.2 106.9 118.9 120.3 122.9 2.2
Construction................................. . 72.0 72.1 72.8 73.4 0.8 78.7 79.5 80.2 80.9 0.9
Manufacturing............................... . 84.1 85.1 85.0 85.4 0.5 91.2 93.2 93.3 94.1 0.9
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2 83.3 83.3 83.6 0.4 89.4 92.6 92.8 93.5 0.8
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89.5 88.3 88.4 88.6 0.2 95.1 94.2 94.6 95.0 0.4
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.1 96.6 97.2 97.2 0.0 102.3 105.6 106.3 106.7 0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . 91.6 93.0 93.5 93.5 0.0 97.0 99.4 100.3 100.5 0.2
Wholesale trade.......................... . 90.5 92.8 93.1 93.4 0.3 98.7 101.0 102.0 102.2 0.2
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.0 92.3 93.3 92.9 -0.4 94.7 95.7 97.0 96.6 -0.4
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . 91.8 94.3 94.4 94.9 0.5 97.4 102.5 103.2 104.0 0.8
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.6 99.7 100.2 101.3 1.1 108.1 110.1 111.6 113.5 1.7
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.8 89.4 89.6 89.9 0.3 98.3 101.2 100.4 100.7 0.3
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1 92.5 93.0 92.6 -0.4 98.8 99.8 100.4 99.8 -0.6
Professional and business services...... . 92.6 95.6 96.1 96.4 0.3 102.0 106.6 107.4 108.0 0.6
Education and health services. . . . ........ . 104.1 105.7 106.3 106.8 0.5 111.7 115.8 116.6 117.6 0.9
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.3 97.3 97.9 97.9 0.0 100.6 103.6 104.4 104.6 0.2
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.2 95.5 95.9 96.2 0.3 107.7 110.4 110.8 111.5 0.6
1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2010 2011 2011p 2011p
Total nonfarm.............. . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 64,885 64,793 64,918 64,917 49.8 49.6 49.6 49.5
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,832 52,185 52,316 52,318 48.4 48.1 48.1 48.0
Goods-producing..................................... . 4,105 4,071 4,067 4,056 23.1 22.7 22.6 22.5
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 103 104 104 13.9 13.6 13.5 13.4
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727 711 711 706 13.1 12.9 12.9 12.8
Manufacturing...................................... . 3,281 3,257 3,252 3,246 28.4 27.9 27.8 27.8
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,735 1,726 1,721 1,718 24.6 23.9 23.7 23.7
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,546 1,531 1,531 1,528 34.6 34.5 34.4 34.4
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,727 48,114 48,249 48,262 53.4 53.1 53.1 53.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,005 9,992 10,022 10,010 40.7 40.3 40.3 40.2
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,637.7 1,658.7 1,661.5 1,659.5 30.1 30.0 30.1 30.0
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,229.6 7,195.4 7,220.4 7,208.4 50.1 49.7 49.7 49.6
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998.8 1,003.4 1,005.1 1,007.1 24.0 23.6 23.6 23.6
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.3 134.7 134.8 135.2 25.2 24.5 24.4 24.5
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,108 1,093 1,091 1,089 40.8 40.7 40.7 40.6
Financial activities................................. . 4,499 4,444 4,446 4,450 58.9 58.4 58.4 58.5
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,416 7,583 7,617 7,636 44.6 44.4 44.5 44.5
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,056 15,260 15,302 15,314 77.2 76.8 76.8 76.8
Leisure and hospitality............................ . 6,813 6,878 6,901 6,891 52.4 52.2 52.3 52.2
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,830 2,864 2,870 2,872 52.9 52.7 52.7 52.8
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,053 12,608 12,602 12,599 56.8 56.9 56.9 56.9
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
May Mar. Apr. May
Industry 2011p
2010 2011 2011p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,354 89,483 89,694 89,759

Goods-producing....... . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................... . 12,777 12,941 12,971 12,976
Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 570 579 583
Construction.......................................................................... . 4,166 4,183 4,178 4,175
Manufacturing........................................................................ . 8,091 8,188 8,214 8,218
Durable goods..................................................................... . 4,833 4,953 4,969 4,983
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,258 3,235 3,245 3,235
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,577 76,542 76,723 76,783
Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. . 20,844 20,969 21,047 21,032
Wholesale trade................................................................... . 4,379.3 4,421.8 4,426.1 4,430.9
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,407.6 12,457.0 12,516.5 12,494.4
Transportation and warehousing................................................ . 3,611.6 3,651.1 3,663.4 3,665.9
Utilities.............................................................................. . 445.3 438.8 440.6 441.2
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175 2,154 2,155 2,154
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . 5,905 5,830 5,826 5,819
Professional and business services............................................... . 13,620 14,027 14,058 14,103
Education and health services..................................................... . 17,091 17,405 17,444 17,472
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . 11,471 11,603 11,639 11,650
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,471 4,554 4,554 4,553
1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
May Mar. Apr. May
Industry 2010 2011 2011p 2011p
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private............................................................................. . 33.4 33.6 33.6 33.6
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.9
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.3 46.0 46.7 47.0
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.1 38.6 38.8 39.1
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 41.4 41.4 41.4
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. . 41.6 41.9 41.7 41.8
Nondurable goods.............................................................. . 41.2 40.7 40.9 40.9
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 32.4 32.4 32.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.3 33.6 33.7 33.5
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.0 38.5 38.5 38.5
Retail trade...................................................................... . 30.2 30.3 30.5 30.2
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 38.0 37.9 37.8
Utilities........................................................................... . 42.2 42.7 42.8 42.8
Information......................................................................... . 36.5 36.3 36.4 36.3
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.2
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.1 35.1 35.3 35.1
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.3
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 24.9 24.9 24.8
Other services..................................................................... . 30.7 30.8 30.7 30.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... . 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.4 4.2 4.1
Nondurable goods................................................................... . 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
2010 2011 2011p 2011p 2010 2011 2011p 2011p
Total private................................................ . $19.03 $19.32 $19.37 $19.43 $ 635.60 $ 649.15 $ 650.83 $ 652.85
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.21 20.59 20.59 20.63 818.51 838.01 840.07 843.77
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.76 24.33 23.88 24.20 1,076.33 1,119.18 1,115.20 1,137.40
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.10 23.49 23.57 23.58 880.11 906.71 914.52 921.98
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.59 18.91 18.91 18.93 771.49 782.87 782.87 783.70
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.78 20.12 20.14 20.16 822.85 843.03 839.84 842.69
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.81 17.01 16.99 17.00 692.57 692.31 694.89 695.30
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.78 19.05 19.12 19.18 604.72 617.22 619.49 619.51
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.81 17.07 17.10 17.15 559.77 573.55 576.27 574.53
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.47 21.84 21.91 22.00 815.86 840.84 843.54 847.00
Retail trade......................................... . 13.20 13.41 13.43 13.40 398.64 406.32 409.62 404.68
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.28 19.31 19.39 19.51 711.43 733.78 734.88 737.48
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. . 30.15 30.74 31.16 31.10 1,272.33 1,312.60 1,333.65 1,331.08
Information............................................ . 25.81 26.51 26.69 26.74 942.07 962.31 971.52 970.66
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.43 21.71 21.81 21.76 777.91 785.90 789.52 787.71
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.76 23.00 23.11 23.19 798.88 807.30 815.78 813.97
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.03 20.46 20.50 20.58 644.97 658.81 660.10 664.73
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.35 11.40 11.43 11.49 281.48 283.86 284.61 284.95
Other services........................................ . 17.06 17.14 17.21 17.24 523.74 527.91 528.35 529.27
p Preliminary
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3
Percent Percent
change change
Industry May Mar. Apr. May from: May Mar. Apr. May from:
2010 2011 2011p 2011p Apr. 2010 2011 2011p 2011p Apr.
2011 - 2011 -
May May
2011p 2011p
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.6 100.5 100.7 100.8 0.1 125.4 129.7 130.3 130.8 0.4
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 80.5 80.9 81.1 0.2 97.9 101.5 102.0 102.5 0.5
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.2 139.3 143.7 145.6 1.3 173.0 197.2 199.6 204.9 2.7
Construction................................. . 79.5 80.8 81.2 81.7 0.6 99.1 102.5 103.3 104.1 0.8
Manufacturing............................... . 77.1 77.8 78.0 78.1 0.1 93.7 96.2 96.5 96.7 0.2
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 78.0 77.8 78.2 0.5 93.3 97.9 97.9 98.5 0.6
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.1 77.6 78.2 78.0 -0.3 93.9 93.3 93.9 93.7 -0.2
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.1 106.0 106.3 106.0 -0.3 134.0 138.5 139.3 139.5 0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . 96.8 98.2 98.9 98.2 -0.7 116.0 119.6 120.6 120.2 -0.3
Wholesale trade.......................... . 98.0 100.3 100.4 100.5 0.1 123.9 129.0 129.5 130.2 0.5
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.8 95.5 96.6 95.5 -1.1 107.3 109.8 111.2 109.7 -1.3
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . 100.3 104.4 104.5 104.3 -0.2 122.7 127.9 128.6 129.1 0.4
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.1 95.8 96.5 96.6 0.1 121.0 123.0 125.5 125.4 -0.1
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90.6 89.3 89.6 89.3 -0.3 115.8 117.1 118.3 118.2 -0.1
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.6 101.0 100.9 100.8 -0.1 135.9 135.6 136.1 135.6 -0.4
Professional and business services...... . 107.1 110.3 111.2 110.9 -0.3 145.1 151.0 152.9 153.1 0.1
Education and health services. . . . ........ . 118.7 120.9 121.2 121.7 0.4 156.3 162.6 163.3 164.7 0.9
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.3 105.9 106.2 105.9 -0.3 134.4 137.1 137.9 138.2 0.2
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 98.4 98.1 98.1 0.0 119.7 122.9 123.0 123.2 0.2
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

Employment MAY 2011

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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-11-0809

8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 3, 2011

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – MAY 2011

Household Survey Data

Establishment Survey Data

May Mar. Apr. May

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

See footnotes at end of table.

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Less than a high school diploma

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.

VETERANS, 18 years and over

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Foreign born, 16 years and over

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.

AGE AND SEX

AGE AND SEX

1 Not seasonally adjusted.

Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... . 14,369 13,421 9.3 8.7

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

See footnotes at end of table.

See footnotes at end of table.

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,354 89,483 89,694 89,759

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

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