Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
M.TECH PROGRAMMES
1. Electronic Instrumentation
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EC 510 DISCRETE SPECTRAL ESTIM ATION
INTRODUCTION: Properties of estimators, Finding good estimators, Estimation of Spectra from finite duration
observations. CLASSICAL (NON-PARAMETRIC) SPECTRAL ESTIMATION: Periodogram, Averaged
Periodogram, Windowing of periodogram via FFT, Blackman - Tukey Spectral Estimator, Performance
characteristics of Non-parametric power spectrum estimators. Minimum variance spectral estimator, Neyman
Peonson Criterion for detection, Bay's estimator. MODERN (PARAMETRIC) SPECTRAL ESTIMATION:
Time series models, Relationship between auto-correlation and the model parameters, AR parameters by
Yule-walker, Burg and sequential estimation methods, Selection of AR model order, MA and ARMA models
for power spectrum estimator, Maximum entropy spectral estimator, Minimum variance spectral estimator.
ADAPTIVE FILTERS: Introduction to Adaptive Filters, Search Techniques, LMS Algorithm, RLS Algorithm, NRLS
algorithm, Applications of Adaptive Filters. CASE STUDIES: Computer simulation examples covering
Periodogram, Correlator, Blackman- Tukey, Burg, Model order, Minimum variance spectral estimator methods.
BOOKS:
1. DSP Principles, Algorithms and Applications, J.G.PROAKIS, PHI – 1992.
2. Modern Spectral Estimation, Theory and Applications, STEVEN M.KAY, PHI., 1988.
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3. Adaptive Filters, SIMON HAYKIN, 4 Edition Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, 2002
4. Signal Processing, MISHA SCHWARZ, MGH, 1988.
5. Signal detection and Estimation, BARKAT, AH, 2005
INTRODUCTION: Definition and Importance of Quality and Reliability, CONCEPTS OF RELIABILITY: Causes of
failure, Life characteristic pattern, Modes of failure, Measures of Reliability, Derivation of the Reliability Function,
Reliability Specifications. FAILURE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE: Failure investigation, Data collections, Data forms,
Data Sources. Reliability Analysis, Use of Probability distributions, Calculation of performance parameters,
Survival curves and their Calculation, Calculation of failure rate, application of Weibull Distribution. SYSTEM
RELIABILITY & MODELING: Types of Systems, Series, Parallel, Series-Parallel, and Parallel-Series system,
Standby Systems , Types of Standby redundancy. Reliability of different systems, nature of reliability problems in
electronic equipment, selection of components. SIMULATION & RELIABILITY PREDICTION: Generation of
Random Numbers, Generation of random observations from a probability distribution, Applicability of Monte-Carlo
Method, Simulation languages. MAINTAINABILITY AND AVAILABILITY: Objectives of maintenance, designing for
optimum maintainability and measure of maintainability. Availability: Uptime ratio, down time ratio and system
availability. QUALITY RELIABILITY AND SAFETY: Reliability and Quality Control, Quality Circles, Safety factor,
increasing safety factors and Case Studies.
Books:
1. Reliability Engineering, A.K.GOVIL, TMH, 1983
2. Reliability Engineering in Systems Design and Operation, B.S.DHILLION, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983
3. Reliability Technology, A.E.GREEN AND A.J.BOURNE, Weily-Interscience, 1972
4. Lecture Notes – CEDT Bangalore
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L-T-P : 3-0-0 Credit : 3
Books:
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1. Measurement systems- Applications and Design, DOEBELIN, E.O., 4 Ed., McGraw Hill, 1995
2. Handbook of Operational Amplifier Circuit Design, DAVID F STOUT and MILTON, Morgan Kaufman, 2000.
BUILDING BLOCKS FOR DIGITAL DESIGN: Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, Decoder, Encoder, Comparator,
Adder, ALU, Carry-look-ahead adder. BUILDING BLOCKS WITH MEMORY: Clocked building blocks, register
building blocks, RAM, ROM, PLA, PAL, Timing devices. DESIGN METHODS: Elements of design style, top-
down design, separation of controller and architecture, refining architecture, and control algorithm, Algorithmic
State Machines, ASM chart notations. REALISING ASMS - Traditional synthesis from ASM chart, multiplexer
controller method, one-shot method, ROM based method. ASYNCHRONOUS INPUTS AND RACES -
Asynchronous ASMs, Design for testability, test vectors, fault analysis tools. DESIGN CASE STUDIES: Single
pulser, system clock, serial to parallel data conversion, traffic light controller. MICROPROGRAM AND
DESIGN: Microprogramming, Microprogramme sequencer 2910, designing microprogrammed computer. Power
distribution noise, cross talk, reflections, line drivers and receivers. MODELLING WITH VHDL: CAD tools,
simulators, schematic entry, synthesis from VHDL.
Books:
1. "The Art of Digital Design", PROSSER AND WINKEL, Prentice Hall.
2. “Digital System Design using VHDL” ROTH, Mc. Graw Hill, 2000
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wire and hot-film anemometers, electromagnetic flow meters, laser doppler velocity meter. TRANSDUCERS FOR
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT: Thermal expansion methods, thermometers (liquid in glass), pressure
thermometers, Thermocouples - materials, configuration and techniques, Resistance thermometers, Thermistors,
Junction semiconductors and Sensors, Radiation methods, Optical pyrometers. Dynamic response of temperature
sensors, heat flux sensors. Transducers for liquid level measurement, humidity, silicon and quartz sensors, fiber
optic sensors, INTRODUCTION TO MICROSENSORS.
BOOKS:
1. Measurement systems -Application and Design, DOEBELIN, E.O., McGraw Hill, 4th Ed. 1990.
Crystal structure, crystal growth and vapour phase epitaxy. Unit processes for VLSI-Oxidation, Photolithography,
diffusion and ion implantation. Deposition of metal and dielectric films by vacum evaporation, sputtering and CVD
techniques, Wet chemical and Dry etching techniques. Device and Circuit fabrication-Isolation, Self alignment and
local oxidation techniques. MOS based silicon ICs-NMOS and CMOS ICs, Memory Devices, SOI Devices, BJT
based ICs- choice of transistor types, pmp transistors, advanced structures, Bipolar – CMOS (BICMOS) ICs,
Resistors, Capacitors.
Books:
1. VLSI Fabrication Principles, S.K.GANDHI , John Wiley and Sons, NY, 1994
2. VLSI Technology, S.M.SZE, McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY, 1988.
3. Principles of Microelectronics Technology, D. NAGCHOUDHURI, Wheeler (India), 1998.
Programmable DSP architectures, multiport memory, Special addressing modes, on chip peripherals, Architecture of TMS
320 C5X, Bus structure, programme controller, CALU, IDEX, ARCER, ALU, BMAR, onchip memory, TMS320C5X
Assembly language, Instruction pipelining in C5X, Applications programs in C5X, Least Square methods for system
modeling and filter design, Signal analysis with higher order spectra, Adaptive transversal filters
Books:
1. DSP Architectures and Algorithms: B. VENKATRAMANI , M. BHASKAR TMH 2002
2. Algorithms for Statistical Signal Processing: JG PROAKIS et al, Pearson 2002
3. Algorithms for Comm. Systems & Applications : N. BENVENUTO , G. CHERUBINI John Wily 2005.
4. Advanced Signal processing Hand book : S. STERCVOPOULOS, CRC Press, 2001
5. DSP Processor Fundamentals: Architectures and Features, LAPSLEY et al, IEEE, IBD, New Delhi, 1997
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EC 554 AN ALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Review of the basic principles of molecular spectroscopy – like Rotational energy levels – Rotational spectra,
electronic energy levels – electronic spectra, vibrational energy levels – Infrared spectra. Ultraviolet and Visible
Spectrophotometry: Fundamental laws of spectrophotometry, Instrumentation of uv-visible spectrophotometry -
Radiation Sources – Monochromators – Grating monochromator systems – Detectors – photomultiplier tubes –
photodiodes - Instruments for Absorption photometry – Single beam instruments – Double beam instruments –
Scanning double beam spectrophotometer – Diode array rapid scanning spectrometer – Double wavelength
spectrophotometer - Typical applications of uv-visible spectrophotometry in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Flame Emission Spectrometry (FES): Basic principles – Nebulisation - Flames and Flame temperatures - Pressure
regulators and flow meters – Schematic arrangement of a flame emission spectrophotometer – Laminar flow
burner – grating monochromator – photomultiplier tube as detector. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS): Basic
principles – Instrumentation – Single beam and double beam atomic absorption spectrometers – Sources for
atomic absorption – Hollow cathode lamp – atomizers – flames – electrothermal atomizers – monochromators and
detectors as in FES. Non-flame atomic emission spectroscopy: Spectroscopic sources – Direct current Arc – High
voltage A.C. spark source – Inductively coupled argon plasma – Atomic emission spectrometers – Concave
grating instruments – Plane grating instruments – Echelle grating spectrometer – Photomultipler tubes as detectors
– modern detectors. InfraRed Spectrophotometry: Correlation of Infrared spectra with molecular structure –
structural analysis by Infrared spectra - Instrumentation – Radiation sources – Detectors – Monochromators –
Double beam Infrared spectrophotometry – Fourier transform Infrared spectrophotometers - Recording Infrared
spectra by KBr pellet technique – Multiple internal reflectance technique. Gas Chromatography: Basic principles –
Schematic diagram of a gas chromatograph – Sample injection system – Chromatographic columns – Detectors –
Thermal conductivity detector – Flame ionization detector – Thermionic emission detector – Electron capture
detector – Photoionization detector – Dual detectors – Typical gas chromatograms – Applications of gas
chromatography. pH and Ion Selective Potentiometry: Glass membrane electrodes - Solid state sensors – Liquid
membrane electrodes – Gas sensing and enzyme electrodes – Direct reading pH and pI meters – Digital pH
meters and microprocessor based pH meters. Introduction to continuous on-line process control – on-line
potentiometric analysers – Automatic chemical analysers – Automatic elemental analysers.
Books:
1. Instrumental methods of Analysis, by WILLARD, MERRIT, DEAN & SETTLE, 6/e, CBS , 1996.
2. Hand book of Analytical Instruments, by R.S.KHANDA PUR, Tata McGraw Hill, 1989.
3. Hand book of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical chemistry, FRANK A.SETTLE (Ed.), Pren-Hall PTR, 1997.
DATA LOGGERS AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS: Data acquisition systems - configurations –
components. Analog multiplexers and sample & hold circuits - specifications and design considerations.
DACs - Specifications – Characteristics. Types of DACs - Serial, parallel, direct and indirect DACs. Hybrid and
monolithic DACs. Interfacing of DACs to microprocessors and PCs. ADCs - Specifications – Characteristics.
Types of ADCs - Serial, parallel, direct and indirect ADCs. Hybrid and monolithic ADCs, Sigma-delta ADCs.
Interfacing of ADCs to microprocessors and PCs. Hybrid DAS - Schematic diagram - configurations -
specifications. ERROR BUDGET OF DACS AND ADCS.: Error sources, error reduction and noise reduction
techniques in DAS. Error budget analysis of DAS. case study of a DAC and an ADC. DISPLAY SYSTEMS: LCD
Flat panel displays, Storage CRT displays, Plasma displays, Projection Systems and their interfacing.
Books:
1. Users Handbook of D/A and A/D Converters, E.R. HNATEK
2. Electronic Analog/ Digital converters, H.SCHMID
3. Data Converters, G.B.CLAYTON
4. Analog Devices - Applications notes
5. Data Acquisition & conversion handbook, Datel-Intersil
6. Applications reference manual - Analog Devices 1993
7. Analog – Digital Conversion notes, Analog devices
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EC 561 MICROCONTROLLERS
Books:
1. "Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, programming and interfacing - 8086/ 8088, 80186, 80286,
80386 and 80486", by BARRY B.BREY, PHI, 1995.
2. Intel microcontroller data books
1. EC – 561 MICROCONTROLLERS
INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS CONTROL: Classification of Control strategies, process control Block diagrams,
Control and modeling philosophies. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES: General
modeling principles, models of representative processes, linearisation of non-linear models. DYNAMIC
BEHAVIOUR OF SYSTEMS: Standard process inputs, response of integrating process units, Approximation of
higher order systems, Integrating and non-integrating processes, transfer function models for distributed systems,
development of empirical dynamic models from step response data. CONTROLLER PRINCIPLES : Controllers
examples, control system parameters, Discontinuous Controller modes, continuous controller modes, Digital
versions of PID controllers. ANALOG CONTROLLERS : Electronic Controllers, pneumatic controllers. CONTROL
SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION: Transducers and transmitters, Final control elements, Transmission lines,
Accuracy in Instrumentation. DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS: Block diagram
representation, closed loop transfer function, closed loop response of simple control systems. CONTROLLER
DESIGN: Performance criteria for closed loop system, design relations for PID controllers. CONTROLLER
TUNING: Guidelines for common control loops, trial and error tuning, continuous cycling method, process reaction
curve method, troubleshooting of control loops. FEED FORWARD AND RATIO CONTROL: Introduction to feed
forward control and ratio control, feed forward controller design, configurations for feedback control. ADVANCED
CONTROL STRATEGIES: Cascade control, adaptive control system. SUPERVISORY CONTROL : Basic
requirements in supervisory control, applications for supervisory control. DIGITAL COMPUTER CONTROL: Role
for digital computer system in Process control, Distributed instrumentation and Control Systems, Digital control
software, A table driven PID controller, programmable logic controllers.
Books:
1. ‘Process dynamics and Control’ by DALE E SEBORG etal, JohnWiley & Sons, N. York, 89
2. ‘Process Systems Analysis and Control’ DONALD R.COUGHANOWR,2/e, Mc.Graw Hill, N.York, 1991,
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3. ‘Process Control Instrumentation Technology, 7/e, CURTIS D.JOHNSON, Pearson Education, 2003.
Books :
1. Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation, L.A.GEDDES AND WILEY, L.E.Baker (2nd Ed.)
2. Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements, L.CROMWELL, Prentice Hall.
3. Medical Instrumentation – Application and Design, 3/e, JOHN G.WEBSTER (ED.), John Wiley & Sons Inc.
INTRODUCTION: Digital image representation, Fundamental steps in image processing, Elements of digital
image processing systems. DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS: A simple image model, sampling &
quantization, some basic relationships between pixels, image geometry. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT:
Enhancement by point processing, spatial filtering, enhancement in the frequency domain, generation of facial
masks from frequency domain specifications. IMAGE COMPRESSION: Fundamentals of compression,
Image compression models, loss less compression, lossy compression, Image compression standards. IMAGE
SEGMENTATION: Detection of discontinuities, Edge linking and boundary detection, Thresholding, Region
oriented segmentation, use of motion in segmentation. REPRESENTATION AND DESCRIPTION:
Representation schemes, boundary descriptions, regional descriptors. RECOGNITION AND INTERPRETATION:
Elements of image analysis, pattern and pattern classes, decision - theoretic methods, structural methods,
interpretation.
Books:
1. Digital Image Processing, RAFAEL C.GONZALEZ AND RICHARD E.WOODS, Pearson, 2001.
2. Digital Image Processing- AK JAIN, PHI, 2002
3. Digital Image Processing – PRATT, J. Wiley, 2003
4. Image Processing, analysis, and machine vision, M SONKA, V HLAVAC, and R BOYLE, Thomson ITP, 1999
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L-T-P : 3-0-0 Credit : 3
INTRODUCTION: PC in automated measurement and control systems; its relevance, advantages and
disadvantages. HARDWARE OVERVIEW: Evolution of PC family, various essential and desirable sub-systems of
PC; self test and initialization of various sub-systems (Eg. POST etc.). OPERATING SYSTEM: Essential
features of OS for PC based Instrumentation, Overview of the features of additional software modules
needed for optimisation of system performance, Booting process and Command processor. MOTHER
BOARD: Functional units of Mother Board and their inter communication; details of "CPU Nucleus logic,
DMA, Bus arbitration, NMI, Interrupt handling, co-processor, data address and control bus logic"; I/O Slot
signals; New generation mother boards. BUS STANDARDS: Essential features of a bus; bus design
considerations; Study of standard buses; ISA, EISA, PCI, SCSI, GPIB and UXI. STUDY OF STANDARD I/O
CONTROLLER CARDS: I/O Ports; Serial and Parallel Ports; Bus slots; Key board, mouse and VDU Controller
cards/ logic. ADDITIONAL HARDWARE: Add-on card design considerations, Considerations of external hardware
design to be used with PC, usage of ports for additional hardware; Usage of IRQ for additional hardware;
Power requirements and physical dimensions of Add-on cards. Need for device drivers, installable
device drivers; Executable device drivers; Device driver development and implementation ; A case study.
Books:
1. The Microcomputer Bus structures & Interface Design, DEXTER (ARTHUR L.), Marcel dekker
2. The SCSI Bus and IDE Interfaces, FRIEDHELM SCHMIDT, Addison Wesley Pub. Co.
3. Don Anderson:PCI System Architecture -3rd Ed., TOM SHANLEY, Adison Wesley Pub. Co.
4. EISA System Architecture - 2nd Ed., TOM SHANLEY,DON ANDERSON, Addison Wesley Pub. Co.