Computer Application in Management

Faculty: Leena Bhalla Date: 2 june,2011

Lecture-1

 Computer:- computer is an electronic device that:

• Automatically accept data
• Store it & process the same
• And gives the output in the form of reports.

 Full Form Of Computer:-

C: commonly
O: operating
M: machine
P: particular
U: user
T: trade
E: education
R: research

 Characteristics Of Computer System:

• Automatic
• High speed
• Accuracy
• Storage
• Reliability
• Versatility
• Diligence
• Database
• Reduction in paper work
• Reduces cost
• Facilitates report preparation
• Reduce the space requirement

 Computer Organization:-

all computer system perform the following five basics

operations, for converting raw input data into information, which is useful to their
user:
1. Inputting
The process of entering data and input into the computer
system
2. Storing:
The process of storing the data into the computer system.

3. Processing:
The process of performing the arithmetic operation.

4. Outputting
The process of giving the output result.
 5. Controlling:
Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the above
operation are performed.

input Process output

 Advantages of Computer:-

• High Speed
• Accuracy
• Storage
• Reliability
• Versatility
• Automation
• Diligence
• Database
• Reduction in Paper work
• Reduces cost
• Facilitate report prepration
• Increased ability to perform calculations

 Disadvantages of Computer:-
• No I.Q
• The application logic must be understood
• Depends on human being
• Requires a lot of looking after
• No feeling/Judgement
• Sensitive to dust particles
 Lecture-2
 Use in Bussiness:-

• Payroll Calculations:- payroll accounting was the first area to become

widely computerized. Calculations of total pay, deduction etc. are calculated
and Database is kept to have a track of salaries supplied in different months
for budgetary calculations etc.

• Personal Records:- Another use is to keep a track of personal records of all

employees getting salary. Different scales , grades and other details can be
kept as a database.

• Automation Of Office:- It provides automation as it adds to

o Document preparations (Word Processing software automatically

corrects spelling and grammar mistakes. If the content of a document
repeats you don’t have to type it each time. You can use the copy and
paste features. You can printout documents and make several copies. It
is easier to read a word-processed document than a handwritten one.
You can add images to your document.)

o Desktop publishing (With desktop publishing, you can create page

layouts for entire books on your personal computer.)

o E-Mail
o Document Storage
o Retrieval of Data
o Information Management
o Graphics & view data

• Stock Control & Sales:- Computers can be used in:

o Stock control
o Processing of sales orders
o Sales accounting
o Sales analysis
o Market research
o Forecasting etc.

• Banking:- banks were the organizations which invested very heavily in

computing. Today banking is almost dependent on computer. Different
branches are equipped with computer terminals; these provide online
accounting facility, which includes current balances, deposits, interest charges
etc. ATM machines are making even easier for customers to deal with banks.

• Insurance & Stock Market:- Insurance companies & Stock booking firms
are widely using computers for their concers.computers in stock market
display up-to-date information about prices, transactions, rates of exchange &
providing administrative backup.
 Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date.They are maintaining a
database of all clients with information showing how to continue with policies,
start date, next due instalment, maturity date etc.

• Paper & Printing:- Computers are widely used by publishing houses &
printing trade. These have become particularly useful in production of
newspapers , magazines & any other publications.

• For solving mathematical& statistical problems.

• For data Anaylsis.

• Dedicated machines for specific task.

• Useful in planning activity of organization etc.

 Lecture-3

 Elements of computer system setup:- A computer system consists of

four elements:

1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Users
4. Data

Hardware:- It represents the physical and tengible components of the computer i.e
the components that can be seen & touched. Examples of hardware are:
• Input devices
• output devices
• CPU
• secendory storage devices like floppy , Hard
disk etc.
Software:- S/W represents the set of programs that govern the operation of a
computer system and make the h/w run.

Users:- people are the computer operators , also known as computer users. Even if a
computer can do its job without a person,people still design build program & repair
computer system.

Data:- data consists of text, number, sounds and images that the computer can
manipulate.

 Indian computing environment:-

Or
 Generation of Computer:-

The first generation computer used vacuum tubes as the electronic components. The
memory access time was expressed in mille seconds. The secondary storage media
punch card used to store data. The machine language “Assembly language” used in
this computer. Computer operating system also primitive. This computer processing
applications hover they had a number of disadvantages.
They ware expensive and require air condition to dispute the heat.

The second generation:

There were introducing between 1959 and 1960. They replace vacuum tubes with
transistors. The transistors advantages are that it is a smaller size reduces power
requirement and head generation and greater reliability with transistors memory
access times were expressed in microsecond. The secondary storage media “magnetic
tape” is for storing data.
The Third Generation Computer.
The 3 rd generation was introducing around 1965. They replace integrated circuit with
transistors. The integrated circuit consists of thousands of transistors are fabricated on
the surface of silicon chip. Until above 1970 these integrated circuit chips were used
to replace transistor. After 1970 the I-C chips were also used to replace magnetic core
memories. During 1970 up to 65,000 components were combine on a single chip this
technology was referred to as large-scale integration with I-C circuit. The 3 rd
generation computer was smaller faster and more reliable then earlier computer the
magnetic disk storage become popular and provided direct access to every large data
files structure programming introduces in this generation.

Fourth Generation.
They were first introduced during the late 1970 this computer introduce a large-scale
integration VLSI. In this technology circuit densities approaching 100,000
components per chip. The new application and oriented language introduce in this
generation virtual operating system are used that permit many users to share the use of
computer.

Fifth Generation Computer.

These computes were developed and introduce in the beginning of the mid 1980 with
this computers new technology for fabrication integrated circuit chips such as
electronic beams and X-rays.
New memory device such as tunnel junctions that operate at temperature near
absolute zero are expected to be introduce.
 Lecture-4
Components of computer system:-

SECONDARY
U STORAGE U
IN NIT T NIT
PU OU
T TP
U

PRIMARY
STORAGE

CONTROL UNIT

AIRTHMATIC LOGIC
UNIT

Input unit:
the following function are performed by an input unit:-
1. It accepts or reads the instructions and data from the outside world.
2. It converts these instruction and data in computer acceptable form.
3. It supplies the converted instruction and data to the computer system for
further processing.

Different Input Devices are:-

Keyboard - The keyboard is a
way to input letters or
numbers into different
applications or programs. A
keyboard also has special keys
that help operate the
computer.
Mouse - The mouse is used to
open and close files, navigate
web sites, and click on a lot
of commands (to tell the
computer what to do) when
using different applications.
Digital Camera - A digital
camera can be used to take
pictures. It can be hooked up
to a computer to transfer the
pictures from the camera to
the computer. Some digital
cameras hold a floppy disk, and
the floppy disk can be taken
out of the camera and put
directly into the computer.
Drawing Tablet - A drawing
tablet is similar to a white
board, except you use a special
pen to write on it and it's
connected to the computer.
Then the word or image you
draw can be saved on the
computer.

Microphone - A microphone is
used to record sound. The
sound is then saved as a sound
file on the computer.

Scanner - A scanner is used to

copy pictures or other things
and save them as files on the
computer.

Disk Drive - A disk drive can

hold a CD or a floppy disk. It
reads the information on the
disk so that the computer can
use it.
Joystick - A joystick is used
to move the cursor from place
to place, and to click on
various items in programs. A
joystick is used mostly for
computer games.
 Touch Screen - A touch screen
is a computer screen or other
screen that you can touch with
your finger to enter
information. Examples of
touch screens include a smart
board, a microwave, a
dishwasher, or an ATM at a
bank.
Bar Code Scanner - A bar
code scanner scans a little
label that has a bar code on
it. The information is then
saved on the computer. Bar
code scanners are used in
libraries a lot.

Output unit:

the following function are performed by an output unit:

1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in coded form, and
hence, cannot be easily understood by us.
2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable form.
3. It supplies the converted results to the outside world.

Different Output Devices are:-

Monitor - A monitor is the screen

on which words, numbers, and
graphics can be seem. The
monitor is the most common output
device.
Compact Disk - Some compact
disks can be used to put
information on. This is called
burning information to a CD.
NOTE: A CD can also be an input
device.

Printer - A printer prints

whatever is on the monitor onto
paper. Printers can print words,
numbers, or pictures.

Speaker - A speaker gives you

sound output from your computer.
Some speakers are built into the
computer and some are separate.
Disk Drives - A disk drive is used
to record information from the
computer onto a floppy disk or
CD.
Floppy Disk - A floppy disk is
used to record information on.
The information is stored on the
floppy disk and can be used later
or used on another computer.
Headphones - Headphones give
sound output from the computer.
They are similar to speakers,
except they are worn on the ears
so only one person can hear the
output at a time.