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Travancore Titanium Products Ltd. was incorporated on 18th of December 1946, to

produce pigment grade Titanium dioxide from Illuminate, which is abundantly available
as place deposits on beaches near Kollam, in the coastal state of Kerala, India. The unit
was promoted by the, then princely state of Travancore in collaboration with the British
Titan Products (BTP) Company Limited; U.K.

The Company which started production at a modest rate of 5 tons per day increased its
capacity in stages to the present level of 40-45 tons per day. Till recently, Travancore
Titanium Products Ltd., was the only unit producing Anatase grade Titanium Dioxide
pigment, in India. Travancore Titanium Products became a State Public sector unit in
1960, with the Government of Kerala owning 80.94% of the shares.
Production of titanium dioxide commenced in the year 1951, and the capacity was raised
to 10 tons per day in 1960, the year in which the management of the Company was taken
over by the Govt. of Kerala. A Research & Development wing was set up in the
company in 1961.The Company also installed its own sulphuric acid plant to produce
acid for captive consumption. In 1963 the capacity of Titanium Dioxide produced was
further increased to 18 tons per day with a commensurate addition to the sulphuric acid
production also.
It is a matter of pride that the manufacture of a rare chemical like Titanium
dioxide which was confined to highly industrialized nations of the West, was taken up
here in Thiruvananthapuram five decades ago. Till last decade TTP was the only unit
producing this white pigment, not only in India, but also in the whole of South-East Asia.
The organization study was carried out in TTPL Kochuveli, Thiruvananthapuram. This
report gives an idea about the organization and its functions. The study also gives clear
picture about the different departments of the organization.

The plant has the capacity to produce both Anatase and Rutile grades of Titanium
dioxide. The plant functions round the clock in 4 shifts

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Textbooks, Journals, Libraries etc. can provide only limited amount of knowledge
about the activities inside an organization. In the modern world of improved knowledge
and technology, management students who have clamor for taking corporate jobs should
be aware of various functions within an organization. For getting detailed knowledge
about such things, it is better to have a close observation about such functions. An
organizational study also provides hands on experience to them. Books and classroom
lectures give more emphasis to theoretical aspects of management and concept
development. But in the actual practice things may not be exactly the same as theory.
The process and activities in an organization depends on the products, size of operation,
competitiveness its organizational framework, and like. The present organization study is
undertaken with certain clear-cut objectives. They can be grouped as:


A 

`

A To acquire knowledge about the functions of various departments in TTP towards

the achievement of its organizational goals.


A SECONDARY OBJECTIVE

† To compare theoretical knowledge with actual practices.

† To study functions of top, middle, lower levels of management in the day-to-
day functioning of the firm.
† To study how various departments coordinate with each other.
† To experience the organizational processes at various levels.




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This report is prepared on the basis of primary data and secondary data.

† R
 
  




 


› By informal interviews with the department heads
› Discussions with the managerial staff
› Personal observation

† à
 
 







› Brouchers
› Company records and journals
› Website



 `

 

† The organization study carried out at TTP mainly focuses on the major
functional departments and its functioning. The study makes an attempt to
understand the organizational process and procedures taking place in each
functional department and to compare them with the theoretical aspects of
management.

† The study also gives importance to the welfare of workers and how can we
motivate the workers so utilizing the full potential of them for the success of
the organization.

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† There was a considerable amount of inhibition on part of staff for
providing information

† The information provided by the people in the organization may not be

complete

† The project was bound for a short period ,thus time is a limiting factor

† Certain confidential information regarding study was not available and the
analysis and interpretations are subject to limitations.




















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The use of Titanium Dioxide is very vast and it has been produced in various parts of the
world at different levels, which includes Multinational companies as well as small scale
companies. It is estimated that world¶s total installed capacity for Titanium Dioxide
production is of the order of 4.22 to 4.38 million tons per annum. The overall average
capacity utilization of Titanium dioxide industry is 90 to 91%. The higher demand in
global market attracts various firms to enter into the Titanium Dioxide manufacturing.
The credit for recognizing the existence of Titanium goes to Rev. William George who
found traces of black magnetic sand unfamiliar to him in Manacine Parish (UK) and he
named it Manacine. Subsequently Kiwin recovered a new white metallic oxide and
called it Manacine. But it was M. K. H Lapalast who discovered titanium. He
examined Rutile and identified it as an oxide of a metal and named it as ´Titanium´ after
³Titan´ of Greek Mythology in the year 1775. The first commercial product of titanium
was an alloy additive to steel, when ferro alloys were developed in USA in the year
1906. A decade after Titanium Dioxide pigment was produced on a commercial scale.
The use of titanium minerals in welding electrode coating gained acceptance in the mid
thirties while titanium metal has been of commercial importance since 1948.
Titanium dioxide is far more stable than any other pigment. Its perfect non toxicity &
chemical inertness make it an ideal choice as a white pigment. The light scattering
property of finely divided titanium dioxide is unmatched by any other known material.
The chemical is available in two crystalline forms, viz. Anatase and Rutile, which are of
much commercial significance. The relatively softer Anatase is the right material for
delustering artificial fibers. In TTP Ltd. the Anatase grade is produced by the
conventional sulphate technology

Titanium Dioxide is the whitest of white pigments and has replaced other less effective
pigments such as Zinc Oxide, Lithopone etc. This is because of the unique combination
of its superior properties of a high refractive index, low specific gravity, high hiding
power and opacity, and no toxicity. It also has high tinting strength and dispersion
properties as well as chemical stability. Titanium Dioxide is produced in TTP in the
ANATASE form and marketed as AJANTOX. Anatase grade possesses excellent water

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dispersion properties and gives a clear tone in all ranges of application. Travancore
Titanium Products Limited has recently launched a Rutile Grade Titanium dioxide
pigment viz., TTP RD-01. This product was developed in the year 2002 indigenously
through the Sulphate route pigment. TTP markets this product without surface treatment
at very competitive price.
The top five producers of world now control 78% of the global capacity. They
are DuPont (USA), Millenium Inorganic chemicals (Australia), Kert Megee (Canada),
Huntsmwn (Tioxide) & Kronos (Germany) and ISK (Japan). Kemera, sachtlaleen and
crystal come in the second tie. Cinkara, Precheza, Zachem, Prolice, Hankook (South
Korea), Sakai and Tyka (Japan). Kerala Minerals & Metals Ltd (India) and two other
Ukranianian producers come next. All others are very small producers.

Titanium Dioxide enjoys a large market by any measure Historically the market
has grown in volume at 3.5% annually to reach close to $8 billion in production value
today. In the last decade the demand h as slowed down to 3% and it is expected in the
next decade growth will be in the range of 2.5-3.5

Looking over the next 20 years, at least some new Titanium Dioxide pigment
will be made, though most of the industries additional capacity will come from
expansion.

Pigment consumption rose sharply in Western Europe and Asia/Pacific (Excluding

Japan) during the year 2000. In East Asia, notably China, Taiwan and South Korea
continued as a path of strong recovery 2000. East Asia is presently the most attractive
region in the world for Titanium Dioxide









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`



The Indian reserves of Illmenite and Rutile are expected to be around 6,00,000
units/year and most important sources are South Kerala and Tamilnadu. Beach reserves
are also seen in Ratnagiri (Maharashtra), Ganjan (Orissa) and Sreekakulam
(Andhrapradesh).The reserves in Kerala and TamilNadu are about 20 million tons.

This information throws light into the possibilities of new manufactures and competition
in Titanium Dioxide industry in the Indian market. The demand for the new
manufacturers will be more, with the increased demand for the paints, plastics, rubber
etc.

Currently there are four units in India engaged in the manufacturing of Titanium Dioxide
pigment (Rutile & Anatase) with a total combined capacity of 44560 metric tons per
annum. These units are
› Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd Chavara, Kollam

› Travancore Titanium Products Ltd, Trivandrum

› Kilburn Chemicals Ltd, Chennai

› Kolmark Chemicals Ltd, Kolkota

KMML is the only unit producing Rutile grade Titanium Dioxide pigment in India with
an installed capacity of 30,000 tons per annum












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     `    ` 
  

       

Public Sector enterprises are formed with an intention to promote industrial

growth in our country. The Travancore Titanium Products Limited was one of
the leading profit making companies in the public sector. Public sector
enterprises are promoted by the Govt, for the industrial development of our
country. They function independently or with controlled autonomy with an
overall control and supervision over it by the Government.

``
   


At the time of independence public sector enterprises of the central Govt, was
confined to a very small segment of the economy namely railways, posts and
telegraphs, port and defense establishments. After independence the expansion
of public sector became an integral element of national economic planning. But
at present the trend seems to be for disposing off the sick public sector
enterprises of private undertakings. However, it is an undividable fact that
public sectors has laid a strong foundation for industrial development in India by
pumping in huge investment and facilities in key sectors of the economy without
caring much for narrow commercial and profit centered consideration.

``
  



Public Sectors in Kerala have a long history. It can be traced back to the period
of the Second World War when the state of Kerala was divided into three
political units namely Travancore, Cochin and Malabar. Among thes e
Travancore was considered to the most industrialized one. Earlier the policy of
the Government of Travancore was to encourage the establishment of industries
in the private sector and not to establish state owned industries. However, later
the Govt, realized the need for the formation of public sectors in and around
Travancore.
During the period of Second World War there was an increased demand for arms and
ammunition, which compelled the Govt, to pay special attention to promote war-oriented

2

   
  
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industries. Consequently a variety of industries were established. During this period the
Travancore Titanium Products Limited was established which was promoted by the
princely administration of the Travancore state.



`  `



A 









For many years TTPL enjoyed a monopoly position in the market as it was the only
producer of titanium dioxide pigment in India. With the commencement of production of
rutile grade pigment by KMML in 1985 and anatase grade pigment by a few small scale
companies, TTPL lost its monopoly in the market. Further another serious problem that
affected the company is cheap pigment imported from China and other countries. Other
major competitors in India include one at
Tuticorin !"#$%&`'()!*+",) and another at Calcutta `-")+*.&/$,0%!(,1

A `




  
`



In the wake of liberalization of the economy the import duty on titanium dioxide was
also reduced in successive Central budgets. With effect form July 1988 onwards
Titanium Dioxide pigment was also put under the Open General License (OGL) list,
making the imports even more liberal. Exporters were allowed to import raw materials
against advance license without payment of customs duty. These advances are freely
tradable by exporters and available at a price around fifty percent of the license value.

A 
`





India may be forced to comply with the WTO regulation in the year 2002 ± 04 when the
import duty rate would come down to the level of around 20%. This would mean that the
landed cost of the imported material would come down by around 20%. Besides, more
and more competitors would be coming in to Indian market due to of the liberalization of
22

   
  
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the economy. It is therefore obvious that unless immediate steps are taken to counter the
impact of liberalization, TTP would be completely outpaced in the market and ultimately
the operations of the company would become uneconomical. Further there is all
possibility that the ISO ±14000 certification pertaining to environment could be made
mandatory for all chemical manufacturing units in due course.

Withdrawal of the levies and service charge on Titanium Dioxide and also resorting
direct marketing will not solve these problems. Hence TTP will have to find alternate
options to effectively counter these threats within the next couple of years. Therefore
modernization, capacity enhancement and pollution abatement schemes are to be carried
out on an emergent basis.

However, the State Government and entire unit of TTP is fighting hard to bring back the
lost glory. Their most challenging problem is that of pollution and outdated technology
for which steps are being taken on an urgency basis for the survival of this one time most
profit making public sector companies of India.
















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Travancore Titanium Products Ltd, is a Public Limited Company under the State Public
Sector, with ÿ
  

owning  2 percent of the shares. Kerala State
Industrial Development Corporation ^   holding â 2percent and the balance held
by the Public. The total man power employed at present is around 950.

With a view to improving efficiency, profitability, competitiveness and to maintain

market leadership, TTP has proposals to expand its capacity to 27000 tons per year,
modernize and diversify in stages to produce both Anatase and Rutile grades of Titanium
Dioxide pigment. Modernization and revamping would be carried out with minimum
interruption to the present production and the new plans to this connection will be
launched during the current year.

Thiruvananthapuram could find a place in the industrial map of independent India during
the early fifties itself, thanks mainly to M/s. Travancore Titanium Products Ltd. (TTP
Ltd.,) situated at Kochuveli in the outskirts of the city. The unit was promoted by the
Princely State of Travancore in the year 1946 in collaboration with the British Titan
Products Company, U.K. (now known as Tioxide Group Ltd) with the object of
producing pigment grade titanium dioxide using the titanium rich ilmenite available as
placer deposit in the beach sands near Quilon. It is a matter of pride that the manufacture
of a rare chemical like titanium dioxide which was confined to highly industrialized
nations of the west, was taken up here in Thiruvananthapuram five decades ago by His
Highness late Shri Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma Maharaja who visualized the
industrialization of his kingdom by unearthing the rich mineral deposits. Till last decade
TTP was the only unit producing this white pigment, not only in India, but also in the
whole of South ± East Asia.

Titanium dioxide finds use in a variety of industrial products such as paints, foot wears,
toilet soaps, ceramic products, artificial fibers, pharmaceutical preparations, rubber

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products, plastics, paper, printing inks, textile printing formulations, flooring materials,
cosmetics, welding rods etc. Its extreme whiteness, perfect non toxicity and chemical
inertness make it an ideal choice as a white pigment. The light scattering property of
finely divided titanium dioxide is unmatched by any other known material. Titanium
Dioxide is available in two crystalline forms, viz, anatase and rutile. The relatively softer
Anatase is the right material for delustering artifical fibers. At Travancore Titanium
Products Ltd., Anatase grade Titanium Dioxide is produced by the conventional sulfate
route.

`

 


Travancore Titanium Products Limited (TTPL) was incorporated on 18th December,

1946, in collaboration with British Titan Products Limited, UK, for the manufacture of
Anatase grade Titanium Dioxide pigment through the µsulfate route¶. The installed
capacity of the plant was 1800 tons per annum (i.e.5 tons per day). Though commercial
operations started in 1950, the full swing production could be maintained from 1.1.1954
consequent on the Central Government granting tariff protection and also after availing a
loan of Rs.15 lakhs from IFCI. The management of the company was vested with the
Managing Agency, viz., Indian Titan Products Company Pvt. Limited, as per a Managing
Agency Agreement dated 3.3.1947 on a remuneration of 10% of net profits. (This
management was taken over by the State Government)

The company started its first expansion programme in 1957 for doubling the annual
production capacity from 1800 to 3600 tons (5 to 10 tons per day ± 1800 tons rutile and
1800 tons anatase). A Research and Development wing was set up in the company 1961.
Industrial license for 50 tons per day expansion was obtained in July 1961. It was
proposed to produce rutile grade and anatase grade side by side. Next expansion from 10
to 18 tons per day was completed in October 1963. However, the rutile production was
temporarily discontinued in 1963. Government approved the expansion programme for
producing 50 tons per day in 1967.The sole selling agency agreement with M/s TTK &
Co. which has been in existence since 1954, was terminated on 30.6.1970 from which
date TTP took over the sales directly.

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The next expansion programme to 24,500 tons per annum, including plant and
equipment for the production of coated rutile grades, was completed in 1973. The
installed capacity after the expansion was as follows:

Old Plant : 6,500 tons

New Plant : 18,000 tons
-0+"    3 0-&,
As the capacity utilization was very low, a Committee appointed subsequently by the
Government viz., Dr.Vazir Committee, assessed the achievable capacity of the plant as
15,000 tons per annum of anatase grade pigment. The Resource Mobilisation Policy
Committee set up in 1974 by the State Planning Board recommended for formation of a
Sole Selling Agency for the sale of products of government companies.
Accordingly, the Kerala State Industrial Products Trading Corporation (KSIPTC) was
formed in the year 1976. KSIPTC was appointed as the sole selling agents with effect
from 1st March 1979. Marketing of Titanium Dioxide is now done by TTPL itself.
Conversion of Sulphuric Acid Plant into DCDA technology by FEDO on a turnkey basis
at a cost of Rs.193.69 lakhs, was inaugurated on 13.9.1980. The DCDA project started in
1980 was commissioned in June 1984. Installation of a 1000 KVA generator in
December, 1985. During 1989-90 another 1000KVA generator was installed and a 66
KV substation commissioned. Order for constructing a new 300 tons per day sulphuric to
M/sDMCC on 21-10-1993 at a cost of Rs.24.42 crores. The plant was commissioned on
29th March 1996.










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› Chairman and Managing Director-(The Principal Secretary Industries
Department of Kerala Government).
› Executive Director
› Director - (Additional Secretary in Finance Department of Kerala
Government)
› Director - (A Member of Legislative Assembly)
› Director - (A Special Secretary to Industries Departmental of Kerala
Government)

à 
 
 
1 %((&!4+,3

1 $#%+)+&!+&
1 -5+.$)+%

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Mangers 40
Dy. Managers 85
Other Executives 255 
Supporting Staffs and workers 570 
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Travancore Titanium Product Ltd
Kochuveli.P.O
Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala.


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The decision-making authority in T.T.P Ltd. vests with the Titanium Management
Council (TMC). The council has M.D. as the Chairman and all Department head as its
members. The decisions taken by TMC are based on government policies.

The TMC meets on the first day of every month prepares, the activities
for the next month such as monthly production target, monthly sales target etc. A review
of the previous monthly meeting is also done.

7
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A ISO 9001-2000 Certificate

`



 

' 






7

`

To achieve customer satisfaction by effectively managing resources and delivering

Titanium related products through continual improvement of the Quality Management
System.




³To be the largest producer of Titanium dioxide products and the most preferred
supplier´




³Our mission is to ensure Customer satisfaction by continuously importing our product

quality and to a reasonable profit´ 7$+"!085-"!*8³To achieve customer satisfaction by
effectively managing and delivering Titanium related product through continual
improvement of the quality management system´ 7$+"!08-#9(*0!4(,
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† Customer satisfaction

† Effective management of resources

† Continual improvement

-4(%&!&:#-/8TTP is governed by the board of directors consisting of six members.

The period of the board depends on the government decision. The government of Kerala
appoints the Managing Director pm deputation for a period of 3 years.

` `



A ` `


Manufacture of Titanium Dioxide pigment through the sulphate route has the drawback
of the effluent problems associated with the process. Throughout the world producers of
Anatase grade pigment have resorted to developmental activities to upgrade the
technology so as to overcome this drawback. The last expansion of the Titanium Dioxide
pigment plant in TTPL was carried out more than 25 years ago. Since then the Sulphate
route technology for production of Titanium Dioxide has undergone several changes. It
is worth mentioning in this context that TTPL should also upgrade its technology to
International Standards.

A `
`


The present stagnant position has however, forced the company to follow a ;-<&,!=!&:
0%+0(:8>to overcome the hurdles and put it back on the profit-run. In this regard, the
strength of the employees have been brought down from 1500 to a size of just 950 and
company still planning to bring this number down to around 500 in the coming few
years. There is also a plan to bring in some tie-up in the form of collaboration with
KMML as both are State owned to bring back TTP to its old glory.





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`

Travancore Titanium Products Ltd is one of the largest industries in India that produces
Titanium Dioxide (Ti02). The company is also manufacturing Potassium Titanate,
Sodium Titanate, low Phosphorus and Special grade Titanium Dioxidecomparatively in
small quantities.

Titanium Dioxide (Ti02) is a white pigment and there are two grades of Titanium
Dioxide.

› Rutile Grade
› Anatase Grade

These two grades of Titanium Dioxide are chemically same but their physical properties
differ from each other. The company deals with the production of Titanium Dioxide,
which belongs to
&+0+,( grade. The major raw material used for production is
")(&!0( The most important commercial use of Ilmenite is for the manufacture of
Titanium Dioxide pigment. Ilmenite is a compound of the oxides of iron, Titanium and
traces of other elements. The separation of Titanium Dioxide can be done through the
sulphate route or chloride route. The Travancore Titanium Product plant is based on the
$"5'+0(-$0( 






6

Titanium Dioxide is of non-toxic nature having chemical stability. It possesses higher

refractive index and hence it is used to make paints. It is extremely heat resistant and this
enhances the capacity of the substance incorporated with Titanium Dioxide to withstand
the effect of the chemical environment and climatic conditions. It has got high pacifying

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power i.e., the power to change transparency. So it is used in plastics to make it opaque.
Its uniformity of composition enables it to mix with any material without losing its
natural properties. Hardness of the material provides good resistance to mechanical
shock. It possesses tinting strength i.e., the particles are so minute that it occupies a
larger surface area.


``


 

 
  

6






› à

CTM Textiles
Rajkamal Processors
Sharda Textile Mills
Bishen Dyeing,Printing & Weaving Mills
Bimal Dyeing, Printing & Weaving Mills

› ×
Kores (India) Ltd.
JBA Printing Ink Ltd.
Coates of India
Rainbow Ink & Varnishes

› 


Hindustan Lever Ltd.
Colgate Palmolive
Godrej soaps
Karnataka soaps & Detergents

› À  
Bata (India) Ltd.
Lakhani Footwear

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Madras Rubber Factory

Elastrex Polymers
Prestone Industries
Madhura Rubber
Leo Rubber
Paragon Rubber
Relaxo Footwear
› R 
Pudumjee Pulp & Paper
Balakrishna Paper Mills
ITC - Tribeni Tissues
Sreevindhya Paper Mills
Sreekrishna Paper Mills
Security Paper Mills, Goverment of India

›  
National Leather Cloth

› R

Asian Paints ^ Ltd.
Goodlass Nerolac Paints
Beepee Coating
Special Paints
Rajdoot Paints
Hem Paints
Berger Paints

› 

Camphor & Allied Products
Dr. Beck & Company
Jay Industrial Chemicals
The National Paints & Chemicals


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› R

Hycount Plastics
Padinjarekkara Rubber & Plastics
Sudhakar PVC
Sudhakar Plastics
Nuchem Plastics

› 

R 
Travancore Rayons Limited

› © 

× 

Videocon
Narmada Electronics
Gujarat Mulco Electronics
 

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CHAPTER 3

 

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Travancore Titanium Products is a public sector undertaking headed by the Chairman

and Managing Director. '%!  
is the Chairman and Managing Director
during my organizational study.


 
Departmentalization is the efficient and effective grouping of jobs into
meaningful work units to coordinate numerous jobs-all for the expeditious
accomplishment of the organization's objectives. This creates flexibility, adaptability and
unity of action within the firm.

à

 
à
à
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† Production Department

† Financial Department

† Personnel Department

† Engineering Department

† Project Department

† Research & Development Department

† Security & Vigilance Department

† Safety Department

† Medical Department

† Material Department

† Legal Department

† Commercial
Department

† Training Department

† Marketing Department

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The main product of Travancore Titanium Products Ltd is Titanium Dioxide pigment. So
considering the production, the production department becomes the vital department in
TTP Ltd.

The primary objective of TTP is to produce pigment grade Titanium

dioxide as per the capacity utilization target approved by the Management maintaining
optimum quantity standards of both Anatase and Rutile Grades. The total production
capacity of the plant is 46tons/day. The production department has co-ordination with all
other departments. Chief Production Manager heads the department. There are four
sections in production department namely:

› Titanium Dioxide Section,

› Sulphuric Acid Plant (SAP),

› Managerial Information System (MIS), and

› Raw Materials and Packing Section (RM &PS)

Each of these sections is headed by respective Production Managers. By the MIS, the
department makes the co-ordination with other departments easier. The Titanium
Dioxide Section has two ends, Black End and White End each headed by Deputy
Production Managers. The Production department is directly responsible for maintaining
optimum quantity standards of both Anatase and Rutile grades. Child Production
Manager is responsible for achieving this objective of TTP by integrating directing and
controlling the work of Titanium dioxide, production of sulphuric Acid etc. Sulphuric
Acid is also another product for which the raw material Sulphur is being imported from
Chile and Argentina.

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à  



 

  




† To prepare a detailed production plan in consultation with General Manager
(works) and this must be consistent with company¶s production objectives.

† To prepare detailed raw material plans and ensure the incoming quality standards,
their proper usage etc.

† Constantly evaluating alternate source of raw materials, direct trails of the same
and to help the management to firm up the sources.

† Integrate, direct and control efforts of production of Sulphuric Acid pigments,

dispatch raw materials etc. resulting in fulfillment of planned targets for
production and provide overall supervision of Titanium dioxide production.

† Receiving of raw materials and packaging of final products.

† Integrating the department itself with Research and Development department for
identifying solutions to long-term problems.

† Carryout investigations and guide management on long term measures towards

achievements of the goals of expansion in the areas of production and quality.

† Integrate production efforts with maintenance to ensure implementation of

production and maintenance schedules and to avoid breakdowns by helping
maintenance under take jobs on time basic etc.

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`

`

The main product of TTP Ltd is Titanium dioxide. The raw material used is ilmenite
which is from IRE Chavara. à    
  
Ilmenite, a mixed oxide of Titanium, ferrous iron and ferric iron is grounded in ball mills
to fine power which is reached with sulphuric acid is specially designed digesters. There
are reinforced concrete tanks lined with lead and acid resistant bricks. The highly
exothermic reaction is completed by passing steam. The porous cake obtained as product
is dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid, thus Titanium goes into solution as Titanium oxy-
sulphate. The ferric iron present is reduced to ferrous iron completely. Using scrap iron
the former interferes at the succeeding stage of precipitation of hydrated Titanium by co-
precipitation.

Reduced crude liquor is closed with setting agents and sent through large setting tanks to
remove the sludge consisting mainly of unreacting ilmenate and silica. The clear
overflow from settler is concentrated into a specified extends and then charged into
precipitation tanks. On boiling by injecting system the Titanium content gets precipitated
as hydrated Titanium.

It is filtered over drum type rotary vacuum filters. Any ferric iron still
present is reduced to washable ferrous form by leaching the pulp with dilute sulphuric
acid and Aluminum powder. It is washed further and then treated with small quantities of
certain chemicals, which help to develop the pigmentary properties. The treated pulp is
dewatered to 40% solids and then into big kerosene filled rotary kilns. The moisture get
removed first and then sulphuric acid decomposes and the oxides of sulphur escapes out.
At final stage of heating in kilns crystalline properties gets carried to pendulum type
mills and pulverized to very fine particles of average size of 0.4 microns packed in 25kg
bags and marketed.

Another main product of TTP is sulphuric acid which is prepared by Double Contact
process using Vanadium pent oxide (V202) catalyst. In addition to these products the
company is also producing
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Illuminate a mireede oxide of Titanium is ground a ball mills to 40 microns

 


Ground illuminate is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid in specially designed

digesters

FeO+H2SO4 FeSO4+H2 O

Fe2 O+3H2SO4 Fe2S(O4 )3+3H2 O

TiO2+3H2SO4 TiSO4+H2 O

FeOFe2O3. TiO2+5H2SO4+Fe2 (SO4)+Fe2 (SO4)3+TiOSO4+5H2 O

 



The poruscake obtained as reaction product is dissolved in water

 `


The Ferric iron present in the solution is reduced to ferrous iron using scrap iron.

Fe+H2SO4 FeSO4+2(H)

Fe2 (SO4)3+2H 2FeSO4+SO2

Fe+Fe2 (SO4) 3FeSO4

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The reduced liquor is clarified in settling tanks using coolants

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The clarification liquor free from suspended impurities is evaporated in

concentrator¶s make of copper.

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The concentrated liquor is hydrolyzed by injection of steam on boiling Titanium get

precipitated as hydrated Titania

TiOSO4+2H2 O TiO (OH)2+H2SO4

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Precipitated liquor filtered over rotary vacuum filters. At this stage solid liquid
separation takes place.

2 `
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The treated pulp is dewatered and fed to oil fixed rotory kilns. The moisture gets
removed first and then the occluded Sulphuric acid is decomposed .the crystalline
properties gets developed at 8000 c

TiO2+NH2 O TiO2+NH2 O

   

The caluner discharge is cooled and pulverized in pendulum mills to fine particles of
average size .30 microns.

The sulfuric acid for the process is also made in the plant inside the company

S+O2 SO2 H -ve

SO2+ 1/2 O2 V2 O5SO3 H-VC

SO3+H2SO4 H2S2O

H2S2O7+H2O 2H2SO
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Sulphur dioxide is produced as waste and is treated with NAOM in order to

avoid it spreading in the air and causing the acid rain and other problems.
SO2+2NaOH Na2SO3+H2 O
Na2SO3+ H2 O2 Na2SO4+ H2 O



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The effluents after production are driven through a sewage pipe to the sea. Some people
complaints that it would cause serious pollution problem. But the authorities claims that
it may affect only a shell portion of the sea and is not a big problem. Major effluent
project under construction



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The TTP's Legal Department is headed by the Chief Manager (Legal and Personnel).
This Department is responsible for representing the company in legal matters.

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† Prevention and settlement of industrial dispute.
† Represent the company in the Court of Law.
† File cases against external parties.

The settlement of industrial disputes is done by two ways, namely
2 Voluntary Agreement
J Statutory Procedures

-"$&0+%8 +:%(()(&0 includes code of discipline and workers

participation in management.

0+0$0-%8 5%-*(/$%( includes Works committee, conciliation officers,

arbitration and adjudication. The legal department has to conduct domestic enquiry when
disputes arises and also investigates on the violation of disciplinary levels.


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The department is to render legal opinion/advice on matters referred from various other
departments of the company on subjects varying from recruitment and service matters to
contract and commercial transactions.

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To the various categories of posts in Managerial Cadre and Subordinate

Service, recruitment is effected through PSC /Employment Exchange or by direct
notification, and under dying-in-scheme.


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Service matters ranging from eligibility of the candidate for promotion
to a particular post, deciding the merit, up gradation (in lieu of promotion)
increments/anomaly etc may call for legal advice/opinion.

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A dispute of difference between the parties in any of the above matters
such as retirement/service matters, contract may lead to litigation at various venues such
as Industrial Tribunal/Labour Court, Civil Courts, High Courts of Departmental
Authorities such as sales Tax/Transport Commissioner / Tribunals of Central Excise
Commission/ Collector (Appeals), Central Excise and Gold Control Appellate Tribunal
(CEGAT). In case of purchase /Contract disputes are also referred to arbitration.

!43`


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Being an establishment employing around 900 employees (Managerial
and Subordinate Service), naturally of discipline may come up most often. Having got
the certified standing orders, and the misconducts well defined therein, any act affecting
discipline cannot but be taken cognizance of disciplinary proceedings starts with
issuance of charge sheet with details of the alleged misconduct and calling for the
delinquent's explanation which is if not found satisfactory, domestic enquiry is ordered.
In the enquiry report of the enquiry officer, if person found guilty, suitable punishment is
awarded.


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In the course of business, the company was to enter in to agreement
s/contacts with various suppliers, customers and contractors for supply of material,
servicing of equipment supplied, executing of contract etc through out the country and
even aboard at times. Documents embodying these contracts have to be
drafted/approved/ vetted by this Dept.

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Mainly the financial maters referred for legal opinion relate to levy of
charges as Excise duty /MODVAT claims. Sales tax etc., on materials purchase/ sold by
the company. There being a bulk of status in the country governing industry/ labour in
addition to the ordinary enactments on civil matters, a legal issue may spring up in
anything related to the company any time, warranting involvement of Legal Department.





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Human Recourse is the main asset of any organization. There fore managing the human
resources are the most important functions of any organization. So it is essential for any
organization to fix a separate department for the management of human resources. TTP
has an efficient Personal Department, which is headed by Chief Manager (Legal &
Personal).

This departmental is mainly responsible for personal functions of the company for
resulting in timely action for maintaining smooth industrial relations leading to
employee's morale and productivity. The personal department renders all personal and
establishment services to all personal and establishment services to all persons. The
primary objective of the personal department includes establishment of industrial
relations, welfare, salaries and wages, recruitment etc.

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› To provide leadership for management of industrial relations and employee's

welfare functions of the company.

› To provide basic for corporate strategies and policies for maintenance of

industrial peace and for workers motivation.

› For evolving system of prompt attention and redressal of employee's grievance

and prevention of the same.

› Administering the different committees for employee's participation.

› Evolve and update practices for checking incoming and outgoing of materials and
persons.

› Implementing the standing orders pertaining in the company.

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One of the major functions of this department is the planning of the
required manpower and identification of the vacancies present in the company. The
number of employees required for the company was planned by this department.


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Another important function of personal department is the recruitment of
the right persons in the right place at right time. It is time first process by which
employment is provided to the adequate manpower resources. It is the positive process of
searching for prospective employees and circulating them to apply for the jobs. The
sources of recruitment can be classified as:

   
× 

Internal sources include personal already on the payroll of an
organization i.e., presents employees. Another method in internal sources is by direct
recruitment of employees.

   
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The term external sources indicate the source outside the enterprise. The
main sources are by PSC & Employment Exchange. The PSC conducts examination for
the candidates according to the PSC Act of 1970 for the Clerical, Typist & Grade V
vacancies. The outside source includes:
› New entrants to the labour force.
› The unemployed with wide range of skills.
› Retired experienced person.
› Dying-in-harness scheme

The company appoints several persons by this scheme. If any employee dies before
retirement, then the company offers job for his children or any member of family
according to their qualification.

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The company has 3 seats in the Sports Quota. The company selects
persons who participated in national and state level in football and volleyball.


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It is a process of choosing the right person among the applications. The
various stages involved in selection process are.


  







  


The applications received for a particular post are categorized as

† Applications having required educational qualifications and experience.

† Applicants who didn't have required qualifications are rejected.


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Usually at this stage unsuitable candidates are eliminated even
though they have required educational qualification.

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Selected applications are given blank applications form to fill the

individual bio-data of the candidate.


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This is conducted for getting additional information about the

candidate. It includes intelligence test, personality test, aptitude test etc.

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Here, the basic idea is to find the over all suitability of the candidate for
the job. It also provides opportunity to give relevant information about the organization
to the candidates.


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Physical examination is carried out ascertain the physical standards
and fitness of prospective candidate.


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After the candidate has passed all the stages above mentioned, he has
given an appointment offer letter. Usually, candidates are appointed as probationary
period for few months ranging, from 6 months to one year. After successful completion
of probationary period, he is appointed on permanent basis.


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Placement concerns with placing of employees at right place where they are required.
Induction deals with oriented the employee to the company and its surrounding. Usually
the induction-training period is 1 week.



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Performance appraisal is a systematic evaluation of present potential
capabilities of personnel by their superiors. It is the process of estimating or judging
value status of a person. The main objectives of performance appraisal are:

› To provide systematic judgment to back up salary increments, transfers etc.

› Means of telling the employees how he is doing or performing his work and
suggesting the needed changes in his behaviour

› It is used as a base for coaching and counseling the individual by his superior


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Advancement within an organization is ordinarily labeled as promotion,
which involves a change from one job to another that is better is terms of status and
responsibility. Change to higher job is accompanied by increases in pay and privileges.
For every change for promotion, 3 persons are considered. Basis for promotion in TTP
are attendance service, performance, seniority, test/interview etc.

   

Transfer refers to shifting of a person from one job to another without
reference to change in responsibility or remuneration. In TTP, transfer is given for
administrative staff only.

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Retirement means the situation when the employee being terminated
service on reaching a fixed age. The age of retirement of TTP is 60 years. At the time of
retirement the employee will provided with provided fund, gratuity etc., one golden ring
is given to every retiring person by Retire men's association TTP. 2 service awards were
given to those workers who completed 15 years at the time of retirement. One gift check
was given to those who completed 20 years. TRC and TLSS

There is a Recreation Club present in TTP known as Titanium

Recreation Club (TRC) for providing recreation facilities to the employees. TRC has
family welfare committee.

There is also a Co-operative Society in TTP known as Titanium Labour

Sahakarana Sangam (TLSS). They provide loans and chit funds for employees.







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TTP gave fair remuneration to its employee in order to increase their

morale thus by increasing the productivity. There are two types of pay scale present. One
is for subordinate service and other for officer service. The last but working day is the
Salary day.


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TTP also gives incentives and rewards to employees. The incentive like
Dearness Allowance Fringe Benefit is given to the employees. On festivals like Onam
etc., the employee's get performance cum motivation.

 




TTP maintains an excellent relationship with its employees and their

Trade Unions. TTP has 3 recognized trade unions.

2 Titanium Government Labour Union 1 of (CITU)

J Titanium Products Labour Union 1of (INTUC)

[ Titanium Employee Co-ordination Council ``1 of AITUC etc.

The trade unions get recognition on the basis of referendum.

In T.T.P., Trade Unions are recognized through a referendum. There were 9 Trades
Unions in T.T.P., but in a referendum made by the company in 1966, all other unions
except Titanium products Labour Union and Titanium General Labourers Union were
disqualified. Therefore in 1998, all other unions merged into one to form a new trade
union called Titanium Employee's Co-ordination council.


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1. Titanium Products Labour Union  `1

2. Titanium General Labourers Union `1
3. Titanium Employees Co-ordination Council(
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For recognition each union must 20% or more support from among the employees. They
are meant for carrying out ?$&*0!-&, like:

› To secure fair wages for workers

› To safeguard the jobs of the employee and to improve the conditions of

the organization.

› To improve rapport unities for promotion and transfer.

› To improve the working and living conditions of employees.

› To provide education, cultural and Recreational facilities.



`


The further enhancement of industrial relation is done by encouraging
workers and increasing worker's participation in management. For this purpose TTP has
formed various committees like Works Committee Canteen Advisory Committee
Departmental Promotion Committee Medical Committee Benevolent Fund Committee
Safety Committee etc., in the works committee the members are selected representatives
of workers and management. They met once in a month.

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 `


There is an effective communication present in TTP with the Employees
and Management. There is upward and downward channel present. In TTP, suggestion
boxes are present for the suggestions of employees to the management. It helps tier
communication very easy.
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TTP directly running and industrial canteen to cater the needs of the
employees at subsidized rates-functions under the control of personal department, works
round the clock is headed by canteen Superintendent. A flat rate system has been
introduces and deduction is made from salary/wages of the employees. It is the duty of
the supervisor to check quality of foods. TTP purchase vegetable and other through
purchase section form Government agencies on contract basis.





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In TTP, the Purchasing department, Sales and contract department are

came under one department namely, Commercial Department. The job of this department
is procurement of all materials and services and sales of finished goods resulting in
fulfillment of production and sales objectives of the company. The common function of
the commercial department is to make dealings with KSIPTC.

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Purchasing is the most important function of materials management as

the moment an order is placed for the purchase of materials: a substantial part of
company's finance is committed which affects cash flow position of the company. The
main objectives of purchasing department are to see that the required quantities at the
appropriate time and of reduced price. The purchasing department concerned with
purchase of all spares and materials except raw materials for all department.

à

 

 
  

› That financial and legal interest of the organization related to purchase activities
are safeguarded and that timely supply is guaranteed.

› The quantity of materials purchased should be tested and certified by a competent

officer from the department/stores.

› To develop good supplier relationship as this will ensure the best terms of supply
of materials.

› To serve as an information centre on the materials knowledge relating to price,

source of supply, mode of delivery etc.

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› To make continuous availability of materials so that there may be uninterrupted

flow of materials for production.

› To make purchase in reasonable quantities to keep investment in materials at

minimum.




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a. User development gives the request to stores department and order

requisition is sent to purchase department.
b. Vendors list is prepared and quotations are invited from seller.
c. Processing of these quotations/tenders
d. Purchase of pre-audit.
e. Tabulation sheet, vendors list etc, is sent to user.
f. Purchase post audit.
g. Cancellation of purchase order.
h. Settlement of suppliers¶ bill.


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Contract department is mainly concerned with the disposal of scrap items. They are
usually disposed off by giving contract to outside parties. TTP's scrap is mainly used for
welding. These are produced by Steel Industries Ltd. Kerala (SILK). TTP's sale of their
products usually is through KSIFTC and therefore no marketing section in TTP. There is
no interaction between TTP and customer. Orders are coming trough KSIPTC. All the
formalities of the sale are done through KSIPTC

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Research is an ongoing process. For the development of any

organization, research is a prime factor. So in any reputed organization, there is a special
wing for research and development. TTP also has a well-equipped and efficient
R & D Manager subordinated by 3 Managers concerned with Quality control and
Pollution monitoring, Technical services, Research and pilot plant respectively. The
department was concerned with the research or study of new processes or techniques for
the company. By the findings of these departments, the company was able to find long-
term solution to certain problems of process and quality.

The R & D Manager is responsible for guiding, directing, initiating

and executing all the jobs in the department. The ISI analysis of the products and raw
materials also came under this department. Research and Development activities are
concerned with raw material substitutions, usage norms, surface coating, development of
titanium based products, pollution control, effluent control advice on stage wise
inspection and follow-up of titanium dioxide production particularly Rutile grade.

They have recently started the production of Rutile based titanium

dioxide and the capacity of the plant is 15tons/day. They are planning to import it to
U.S.A. The credit of this achievement goes to R & D department. TTP gave prior
importance to the quality of product. Their product was well known for its quality.

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"To achieve customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of processes,

production and human resource and by providing effective customer service."

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† Render in process, stage wise testing and trouble-shooting service acting as a

necessary adjunct to production.

† Undertake development projects both for process and product improvement and
diversification to help General Manager and advice management on new process,
products and projects.

† Identifying the changing needs of customers through regular interactions.

† Maintaining quality at incoming in process and final product stages.

† Implementing and maintaining a quality management system.

à 

  




† Taking samples at various stages starting from raw material till the end product.

† Analyzing the samples, finding the variance in production.

† Studying the variance.

† Finding the process parameters like electricity revelation per minute (rpm).

† To improve the quality as well as quantity of products.

† Monitoring the plant performance.

† Monitoring the pollution.

† Maintaining quality at all stages of products.

† Providing service to customers.

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The pilot plant produces special grade of Titanium dioxide, sodium titanate and
potassium titanate that are used in welding electrodes as flux.

  
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It is responsible for analysis of raw material, finished products and samples from
different products process stages etc.

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It is responsible for providing service to customers. They analysis the final packed
product for ISI grading and allow the same for the customers looking in for specific
requirement and attends to customer's queries and complaints.

  



 
It carries out the analysis of liquid effluent and also stack emissions and reports the result
to the State Pollution Control Board. The Research group is responsible for optimizing
products quality and process specification, development of titanium based product on a
bench scale and further on a pilot plant scale.

  

TTP has to Libraries, namely Technical Library and Titanium Recreation Club Library
(TRC library), which comes under the R & D department. Technical Library has books
of all subjects, which is under management control. TRC library has daily newspapers
and magazines, which is under a committee Chairman is a Management nominee. There
are 7 members i n the committee.

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These Deputy Managers are followed by

› Assistant Managers,
› Chemists, and
› Junior Chemists.

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In TTP Ltd., even though the Materials section comes under the commercial department,
it is functioning independently.

In this company the investment in current assets constitutes a lion

portion. Therefore a separate stores department is maintained. The location and layout of
the department is carefully planned so that transportation charge can be minimized.

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a. All the stores materials coming to the stores as per the different
purchase orders made by the purchase section are received.

b. The quantity and quality are checked and a receipt voucher is

prepared.

c. After the inspection of materials, quantify is recorded in the Bin Card

and Kardex as per the location and code of each material.


  
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a. As per the delivery orders received from the commercial department,

the customers of the various products sent their transporting vehicles
through various transporters.

b. The invoice declaration and gate pass is prepared.

c. The materials produced daily is taken into stock and maintained in
the register.

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The receipt vouchers are checked for the item and the quantity and the concerned intend
of the material is asked to inspect and certify. The inspector works in accordance to the
concerned intends while receipt of goods.

  



The main function of this section is to issue the materials as per the issue voucher. This
issue is also recorded in Bin Card and Computer.

  



The raw materials received from various sources i.e., departmental and contractor are
recorded as per the weighbridge bills.

    
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The material section should also concerned with the inventory control. They should
inform to the concerned departments when the reorder level is reached.

In TTP the store stock is managed by using @
6@ system. In this system every
stock card has details regarding receipts issues and rejections and each card has a control
code number of materials received and the receipt entry of which is made in Kardex card
against respective code. Moreover each card mentions he entire specifications of the
material. Above all there is an order for each card item. From the card itself we can get
ordering quantity fixed on the basis of 5 yeas annual consumption. From the order card
we can ascertain details of order requisition date and order quantity.

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The department is headed by the Chief Manager (HRD and Administration). The
department mainly concerns with the whole development of work force. For any
organization, employees are the hidden assets. Without these employees no company can
work effective. For the effective working, these employees and employers need
development. This department is mainly concerned with the worker's training and
executive development. Human resource is a complex one. So there is proper training for
his working. This department of TTP functions in very efficient manner and aims at
increasing the attitude, skill and abilities of the workers to perform specific tasks. The
training program provided at TTP started functioning from 1980s.

 `


  

1. Planning and implementation of training programs.
2. Evaluation of the training programs so that future programs can be improved
further.
3. To lay down the objectives of each training program.
4. Maintaining training history cards for all employees.

Every training programme has a well-defined specific objective. The different stages in
training are as follows.

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Induction programme is training with specific objectives. It aims at

creating awareness to the new comers about the organization and its products, different
sections, rules and regulations they have to follow etc.

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This is the second stage in training programme. After
induction programme is carried out, feedback is obtained after three months.
This is orientation. This helps the trainers to learn new methods, skills and
techniques.


  
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› /(&0!?8!&:+&//(*!/!&:0%+!&!&:%(A$!%()(&0,-?0'(()5"-8((,#8
A Discussion/Meeting
A Performance Appraisal
A Training Needs Assessment- Form
A Training Evaluation Sheet
A Request from Concerned Dept.

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After the proposal for the training programmes are prepared, the next step is to
fix the budget for the programmes and to get approval from the GM (post kept in
abeyance). Based on the proposal monthly training schedules are made. The
training dept confirms the types of programmes to be conducted at each level,
duration of the programmes, the objectives of each training programme, the
course contents, the faculties, methods etc.

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Nominations are invited for attending the training programmes from the
departments, for which the training dept. circulates a µ%+!&!&: (A$!,!0!-&
-%)¶ to the dept. heads. The form consists of the name of the programme, date
of the programme etc. The head of the dept. nominates the employees to be
trained, through the requisition form. Bases on the nominations received from
each dept. the training dept sends a µMemo¶ to each nominated employee stating
the Name of the programme, date, time and venue, usually one week before the
training.

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Feedback forms are supplied to the trainees immediately following the
completion of the training programmes. This form collects the opinions of the
trainees regarding the topic, content, duration and overall rating of the
programme. This feedback is used to evaluate the training programmes
conducted by the training dept.

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This programme is meant to induct the selected candidates into the
work environment. This programme is designed to give them a general view of what the
enterprises does, how it is organized, what benefits it offers and what its general rules
and regulations are. It can be more elaborate in the case of supervisory and management
employees. The duration of this programme is 3-14 days.

   B

  


This programme is for improving behaviour or the attitude of the
employees. It is meant for all levels of employees and worked, aimed at creating an
awareness of the knowledge of fundamentals. It is mainly for improving employee's
attitude, motivation, co-ordination etc. under this programme and industrial tour was
conducted which was for 8 days. The number of members for this four was 25 for
visiting different types of industrial units and their activities. The duration of this
programme is 5-6 days.

 
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This programme is meant for particular category of employees or
workers, conducted by the Training Department under the authority of specialized expert
from outside agency. This is knowledge-based training. In this programme, an effort is
made to expose participants to concepts, theories, basis principles, pure and applied
knowledge in any subject area. The focus is essentially on transmission of knowledge.

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This programme is come under worker's education scheme. In this
programme, education is given to the workers in order to create social awareness in tern.
Education is given to workers in areas like their working environment, democracy etc.
There is separate syllabus for this Scheme prepared by Govt, of India, the duration of
which is three months.







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One of the major departments in TTP is the Engineering Department, which is headed by
Chief Engineer. The Engineering Department is responsible for the installation of all
factory structures, Plants, equipments and their proper maintenance and upkeep as well
as optimum production of titanium dioxide. The Department has four sections each
headed by Deputy Chief Engineers under the authority of Chief Engineer. The Chief
Engineer co-ordinate the overall activities of all sections. TTP has a well efficient
Engineering Department.

The Engineering department performs various functions very smoothly. It has co-
ordination will other departments also.

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› Planning, arranging and initiating preventive maintenance programmers and

repair of equipments and installations in the factory including vehicles.

› Ensuring proper upkeep maintenance and installation of estate.

› To advice the Management to take decision on all Engineering matters.

› To arrange planning of engineering equipments and stores materials required

for the factory.

› Preparation of technical specifications and assist the Commercial Department

in technical scrutiny of offers and arranging purchase and stock of materials.

› To keep liaison with Government Departments like KSEB. Electrical

Inspectorate. Factories and Boilers Inspectorate etc. for ensuring maximum
co-operation and assistance from these departments for maintaining all
engineering related activities.
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› Preparation of plants.

› Preserve the working life of plants.

› To safeguard investments.

› Maintaining safety and efficient working condition. To achieve minimum

break downs.

› Inspection of jobs at successive stages of production.

› Ensure normal productivity.

› Ensure availability of machine, building etc.





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The Engineering Department in TTP has four major subdivisions namely Electrical,
Mechanical, Instrumentation and Civil Sections. A brief description about each section is
as follows.

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One of the major sections of the Engineering Department is Electrical

Section-which is headed by Deputy Chief Engineer. This section under- takes the
activities of maintaining sub-stations of 60/11 KV and 11/440KV power demand of the
factory. The main function of this department is the electrical maintenance of plant and
organization. The maintenance of different types of electrical equipments like
switchgears, motor control center, power control center etc. The areas like white section
and black section of plant, Generator substations and Sulphuric Acid Plant comes under
this section.
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The electrical section has well equipped workshop, which undertakes
electrical works of the company. The major functions include.
† Maintenance work of electrical equipments

† Inspection of electrical items.

† Undertaking electricity related works.

† Instrumentation work and telephone maintenance.


1 `
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 Another section of Engineering Department is the Mechanical section,

which is headed by three Deputy Chief Engineers. This section includes areas like
Workshop and Plant Technical Services, Titanium dioxide plant and Vehicles, SAP,
Boiler & Utilities. Functions of mechanical section includes maintenance of equipments,
machines etc. Plant Technical Service (PTS) carried out statutory work of company.
† Repair

† Maintenance of Mechanical devices and equipments.

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† Maintenance of spare parts.

† Installations and running of the related devices.

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Instrumentation department enhances maintenance of instruments,

modification of works etc. The areas like titanium dioxide plant, shift, acid plant, lab
instruments, weigh bridge, Attendance Management System are also come under this
section. The section enhances Titanium Plant service maintenance as well as that of
acid plant. The function of this section includes process parameters are done by this
section. Daily charts and monthly charges are present. This section conducts service
contracts for checking weighing bridge. This section also deals with punching system
repair. . The TTP has electronic punching machines, which was filled by KELTORN.
Attendance Management system is also another function of this section.

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The civil section is one of the major sections of Engineering

department. There are 16 labours present in the section, which includes officers. They
mainly undertake Plant maintenance work. The section has co-ordination with stores and
Commercial Department. The main activity of civil section is construction and extension
of building and also the maintenance of carpentry works, plumbing works etc. There is a
separate drawing branch for drawing the outline of new projects in Civil Section.



   
  
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21 
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Finance department is the lifeblood of the business. So in any organization the most
important department is the Finance Department. Without this department no company
can work smoothly. TTP also has a efficient department for Accounts and Finance
headed by Financial Advisor. Finance Department is concerned with planning and
controlling of the firm's financial resources.

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ß Preparation of corporate plans annual plans and budgets.

ß Financial planning cost control and ensuring uniform and correct observance of
financial disciplines of the company.

ß Monitoring the progress of budget achievements.

ß Providing accounting service to all levels ensuring updating of systems procedures

for the same.

ß Advising management on funds utilization and its implementation.

ß Vetting of all investment proposals, certain of new assets, new posts etc. from the
point of financial feasibility.

ß Evolve an audit manual.


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ßTo collect all sums due to the company in time as per sales, orders etc.

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ß To make timely payments to creditors, suppliers, contractors, employees,

Government statutory bodies, service provides etc.

ß Timely dispersant of salary/wages/perks to employees as per agreement, MOU etc.

ß To assist all types of audit work.

ß To prepare MIS as required by management.

ß To complete all Budget work.
ß To manage cash properly to maintain proper liquidity.

ß To assist all departments in providing financial administration of all transactions.

ß To make proper entries in boos of accounts and extract reports like Trial Balance, P
& L A/c, Balance sheet on a time bound basis.






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Every organization has its own accounting policies. TTP also has its
own accounting policies. The following by the company:

 6


Fixed assets are started at cost of acquisition or construction less

deprecation. All costs relating to the acquisition and installation of fixed assets are
capitalized. Assets and liability are consistently being recorded at historical costs to the
company and therefore they are not adjusted to reflect the change in value in the
purchasing power of money.

    

All investments are valued at cost.

    

a. Raw materials, materials in process and stores and spares are valued
at the cost on weighted average method.
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b. Finished goods - Titanium dioxide is valued at cost.

c. Goods in transit are valued at cost.

  

Sales are exclusive for excise duty and sales tax.

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Depreciation on fixed assets has been provided as per the rates

prescribed in schedule XIV of the Company's Act of 1956. Under written down value
method depreciation on additions and deletions of fixed assets is calculated on prorata
basis.

    

Gratuity liability is provided based on the company rules prevailing

from time to time. The gratuity fund created to the company has been approved by the
income tax authorities. The net asset enables the fund to fully discharge the company's
obligation in respect of gratuity, payment to the employees etc. The liability to pay leave
encashment accrues only when the employees can encash unveiled leave during their
period of service till the employee exercise his rights. Hence it is not quantifiable and is
accounted on cash basis.

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Accounting of scrap is done at time of sale. In finance department,

there are several sections such as salary/wages, provident fund, loans, over timework
allowance darkness allowance etc. Each section is handled by one or two persons.

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Here proper maintenance of stores accounts and proper balancing and
recording of each and every transaction is done.

  



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Timely payment of benefits including salary and wages to the

employees is under the charge of this section.

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Cash section is in charge of preparing cheques on receipt of vouchers,

on receipt from bank and they maintain a petty cash book for entering expense including
during business hour, which includes monthly salary and incentive payments and other
payments.

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The Computer cell in TTP started functioning since 1994 with

assistance from ER & DC. Today almost all the departments of the company are
computerized. Various sections of the company are connected to Local Area Network
(LAN).

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Time Office is for recording the attendance of the workers. This section
is under the authority of Finance Controller. The manual card punching is facilities in
time office. The electronic card punching system is on trial stage and it facilities in office

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building entrance for employees. Simultaneously the attendance registers were kept in
each department.





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Workers are the hidden assets of any organization. So TTP gives prior importance to the
safety of its employees. The safety department is concerned with this function. Safety
management is a statutory requirement in any organization and its objective is to ensure
the safety in the factory premises. This department has an advisory function, which gives
advice to different department such as Production Department, Engineering Department
etc., and also to top management on various safety matters. They also give advice to
workers handling hazardous equipment and chemicals. This department is mainly
concerned with control of accidents and losses occurred with in the company. This
department defects unsafe conditions and actions and they report it to the top
management.

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ß To control accidents and losses.

ß To detect and prevent work related accidents.

ß To give instructions to work force about safe working methods & conditions.

ß Providing and maintaining safety equipments and guards.

ß To advice and assist the factory management for fulfillment of its statutory
obligation.

ß Monitoring the potential health and safety problems and carrying safety inspections.

ß To carry out the company's safety policy smoothly.



   
  
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Safe working health.

Inspection of new equipments
Testing of equipments
Inspection of the working premises etc.

The various personal Protective Equipments that the company provided for the
employees are.
Helmet For head
Goggles For eyes
Mask For face
Respiratory Apparatus For Breathing
Gloves For Hand
Apron For Body
Sale Shoe For Foot

Above all these, the safety department has peculiar functions of its own which makes it
an important one.

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To direct unsafe conditions and actions in the working premises and report it to top

management.

To control the losses and accidents that occurred within the company.

Give medical and other type of assistance in accidents.

To provide preventive action, which include plant safety inspection, safety audit,

periodic training programme for accident prevention etc.

To create safety awareness among the employees.

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To conduct investigation about the accidents that occurred.

To analysis the accidents occurred in a year and calculate the severity rate.

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In TTP Ltd, there is a Medical section. Even though it comes under the
authority of Personal department, it is functioning independently for providing better
service to the employees.

The head of the section is a Medical Officer. Under him, there is one
male nurse and four nursing assistants. The Medical Officer and male nurse were
working a general shift. The employees working in areas hazardous to their health are
subjected to annual biotexological examination at Occupation Health Service Centre,
BHEL and Trichy, Periodical medical check up for employees in Canteen, led burning,
packing shed, acid plant and welding section are conducted.

Ophthalmic check up for the employees was organized in collaboration

with ophthalmic outpatient unit of General Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram.
Supplementary vitamin foods were being given to these employees. The medical
allowance given to the employees is 14th of the amount of sum of basic pay and D.AÄ
which is paid once in 3 months.

There are two sections- Ayurvedic and Allopathic and each section has
one Medical Officer also. Each employee has a medical record book with him. The
treatment and findings of the Doctor is recorded in it with the date of consultation and
the book is kept with the section. The ambulance and driver is present for 24 hours
service. One sick assistant is also present.

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The main objective of the Security and Vigilance Department is to

ensure the smooth functioning of all activities within the organization. The movement
within the company premises is controlled by this department including movement of
men, material, vehicles etc. This department is responsible for the issue of Identity Card,
in pass and Out-pass. Only authorized people are entitled to enter into organization. This
department is headed by a Security Superintendent and Vigilance Officer and he is
directly answerable to the Managing Director.





† It is responsible for the Safety & Security of all property.

† To safeguard the company's functions.

† To assist the police department during disputes and emergency situations.

† All the records, registers, file order etc. connected with the documentation work
at the main gate shall be kept in order and maintained properly.



 

It is the duty of the Security guard at the main gate to monitor all the
movements of personnel, material and vehicle either attached to the company or
connected with company's business or any other business.



 
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The security guard posted at the Time Office regulates all the entry and
exist of workers during the stipulated shift timing. He should carry out cursory check on
all outgoing workman.

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The company takes projects on recently. So the importance of Project

Department gains its importance recently. This is a new department specially created for
carry out the project works successfully. Company identifies the scope of the project
works recently. So it is essential to fix a special department for this. The project
department in TTP, Which is headed by chief Project Manager carry out the projects for
the company. They also dealt with plant modification and expansion. Under the authority
of Chief Project Manager, three wings are present civil, mechanical, and project wing.
The project department undertakes the type of works like.



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Plant Modification and Expansion is very important concerned with the company.
Company gives prime importance to the modification of the plant. Project department is
concerned with this duty.


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Company undertakes several new projects. Pollution is the main problem faced
by the company. So company needs a project for pollution controlling. So this project
department undertakes a new project for pollution controlling and other new projects.

 
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1. Feasibility Report: - The project team in the unit will prepare the feasibility report,
based on the existing as well as predicted demand, economic viability, technical
feasibility and other aspects of the projects under evolution.
J Submission and approval to Unit Head.
[ Design and details.
ë Procurement of equipments
£ Plant installation
 Commissioning and trial running.
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The Marketing Department of Titanium mainly concentrates on sales.



No direct sale of Titanium Dioxide us done. Orders are collected through Kerala
State Industries Product Trading Corporation (KSIPTC). Since there is no separate
marketing division in Travancore Titanium Products Ltd., the government appointed
KSIPTC to sell their products on 1 commission basis.

 
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ISI grade Titanium Dioxide is mainly used in paint industries. General purpose Titanium
Dioxide is used in leather industries.
1. Rayon grade.
2. Granular purpose Titanium Dioxide used in paper industries.
3. Special grade Titanium Dioxide is used for welding purposes.
Others include:
1. Potassium Titanate
2. Sodium Titanate
3. Waste influent Liquor

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› Domestic Sale
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1. Scrutinizing purchase order
2. Quantity requirement
3. Quality requirement
4. Price
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5. Mode of Transport

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If these conditions are satisfied then only the marketing department will start to work.

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Titanium will promote their product in four ways:
† Magazine and News papers
† Exhibition
† T
!:)(&0%+/( +,!*%!*(D(0%!*-& elevisio

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ISI Grade 85000 (Rarely
General Purpose(GP) 84000 )
Granular Grade(GR) 83000 † I
Rayon Grade (RG) 86000 nternet
Special Grade 130500


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Rutile Grade(RD-01) 87000

Potassium/Sodium Titanate 133500





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TTP is a major company, which is a Public Sector undertaking under Government of
Kerala. The company is in the face of extension now. The TTP has strength as well as
weakness. It also has opportunity and threats.


  

† TTP is a public sector undertaking (PSU) under Government of Kerala.

† Excellent reputation due to quality product titanium dioxide.

† Moderate morale of employees.

† Experienced work force.

† Easy availability of raw materials.



 

† Ageing plant

† Excess staff

† Lack of technological up gradation

† Lack of provision of facilities for career development

† Lack of flexibility in taking decisions

† Production cost is high.

† Price of the product is very high.

† Sales through KSIPTC.

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† Scope for utilization of plant's production capacity

† Maximum utilization of workforce efficiency

† Increasing demand of Titanium dioxide globally

† Reducing the production cost.

† Adopt new machineries and technologies

 


† Pollution problem

† Threat from local competitors like Kilbum and Colmac.

† Threat from importers like China and Malaysia.

† Reduced price of competitors.


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2 The Travancore Titanium Products Limited is one of the pioneering units engaged in
the manufacturing of anatase grade titanium Dioxide.

J Only male workers are employed in the plant of Travancore Titanium Product
Limited.

[ The educational qualification of the employees in TTP Ltd is very high. About 40%
of the workers employed in the company are graduates.

ë The company is providing a well conceived transport system and most of the workers
rate the conveyance facilities as good.

£ There is a good follow up of the well defined rules and regulations.

 The employees express satisfaction over the functioning of the various departments.




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TTP Ltd has very old plants and machineries which were installed in the early 70's. With
the installation of modern plant and machinery, TTP Ltd will be able to increase capacity
and get a better output.

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TTP Ltd still follows the old technology which needs to be replaced immediately so that
new technology up gradation could give TTP a much better output.

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At present the sales its products are handled by KSIPTC. So TTP Ltd doesn't enjoy the
real profit. It could be better if direct sales take place.

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It is necessary that TTP should undertake more projects to control the pollution.

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The Travancore Titanium Products Ltd is a well reputed, profit making Indian Company
with an annual sales turnover of about 170 crores. The company is a boon to India, as its
main product, Titanium dioxide forms an essential ingredient of almost all items used in
our day-to-day life. Moreover, all the departments are functioning hand-in-hand and
contributing to improve the profitability of the organization.

The management of TTP is well blessed with experienced and qualified persons, which
has resulted in profit maximization. TTP's welfare facilities greatly emphasis on the high
concern it has for the human resource. With these assets, Travancore Titanium Products
Limited will have a bright future.


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1. Sekaran Uma, À

    Fourth Edition 2009 Copyright
2. Kotler Philip.


 Millennium edition
3. Panneerselvam R  

 

 Second Edition 2003
4. T.N Chhabra, ’
À 
 7th Edition 2005 Copyright
5. Dr. S.N.Mahesheari, 



 9th Edition 2004
6. www.travancoretitanium.com
7. www.wikipedia.com

8. www.google.com

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