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• Gas power cycle — power cycle during which the working fluid remains gas through-
out the cycle.
• The actual gas power cycles are complex. Therefore, in order to reduce the analysis,
air-standard assumptions are used:
• the most efficient cycle that can be executed between heat source at temperature,
TH and sink at temperature, TL .
1
CHAPTER 2. GAS POWER CYCLE 2
• Bottom dead centre (BDC) — position of the piston when it forms the largest
volume.
• Stroke — Distance between TDC and BDC, the largest distance the piston can
travel in one direction.
• Intake valve — Valve where air or air-fuel mixture are drawn into cylinder.
• Exhaust valve — Valve where combustion product are expelled from cylinder.
1. Isentropic compression
2. Constant volume heat addition
3. Isentropic expansion
4. Constant-volume heat rejection
1
ηth,Otto = 1 − (2.6)
rk−1
where k is specific heat ratio,
Cp
k=
Cv
if u3 − u2 /u4 − u1 is used, then solution is exact.
if Cv,av (T3 − T2 )/Cv,av (T4 − T1 ) is used, then solution is approximate.
1. Isentropic compression
2. Constant pressure heat addition
3. Isentropic expansion
4. Constant-volume heat rejection
2. able to use cheaper fuel since less constraint on premature ignition problem.
• Executed in a closed system, with constant-pressure heat addition. Therefore:
qin = h3 − h2 = Cp (T3 − T2 ) (2.7)
qout = u4 − u1 = Cv (T4 − T1 ) (2.8)
k
1 rc − 1
ηth,Diesel = 1 − k−1 (2.9)
r k(rc − 1)
where rc is cut-off ratio, rc = VV23
P2
where rp = compression ratio = P1
• Deviation between ideal and actual turbine and compressor can be accurately
accounted for by using isentropic efficiencies:
ws ∼ h2s − h1
ηC = = (2.16)
wa h2a − h1
wa ∼ h3 − h4a
ηT = = (2.17)
ws h3 − h4s
where a is the actual process and s is the isentropic process.
• Gas turbine engine are widely used to power aircraft since they are light and
compact and have a high power-to-weight ratio.
• In ideal jet propulsion cycle, gases are partially expanded in turbine. The exut
gases are used to provide thrust for the aircraft.
• Some of the work produced by turbine is used to run the auxiliaries within the
aircraft.