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Shinyo Suicide Boat

Inshore fast suicide boats operated by explosive charges and suicide swimmers from
enemy landingsboten6. The latter, the Fukuyuru, carried a torpedo on a raft of bamboo
poles or an airplane bomb in a floating waterproof case with him and activated the mine
or bomb in the vicinity of a ship using the ignition mechanism of a hand grenade.

The Allied intelligence publications are two attacks Fukuyuru beschreven7. On January
7, 1945 became USS LCI (G) 404 between the islands of Eil Malk and Urukthapel in bad
weather were attacked by about 40 Fukuyuru which a bamboo raft with them carry or
more bombs were loaded and the ship approached from all directions. The lookout hit
alarm, after the raft and the majority of Fukuyuru with gunfire could be disabled.
Fukuyuru knew one of the ship unharmed approaching and hide the back, where he
detonated an explosive charge brought. Although the damage was considerable and
include the rudder was completely destroyed and the commander was wounded, helped
maintain the watertight
compartments on the ship afloat.
On January 10, 1945 was
Funstion USS Frederick (APA
1989) in the Gulf of Lingayen
(Philippines) by Fukuyuru also
attacked, that attack could be
successfully intercepted. A final
form was impromptu combat
swimmers, consisting of
"drowning" that booby-traps
were provided rather than a ship
were intended, but were aimed at
prying or souvenir-hungry Allied sailors. This type of action is similar to similar acts in
the country and was done by specially trained swimmers, usually fully dressed and
equipped with a lifejacket. Although particularly after dark or in poor visibility
conditions dangerous, the attacks were suicide swimmers not decisive.

Suicide boats, both the Navy and the Army deployed armed forces in which both types
used, which followed the tactic was reflected. The assault boats were provided with their
depth bombs or explosive, in well-camouflaged and made to work bombproof tunnels
prepositioned at strategic places along the coast, where an enemy ship landing or
collection could be expected.

B
eforehand, the most optimal routes to and from target areas mapped, with an indication of
the crossing at a given snelheid8. The assault boats were standing on wooden scaffolding,
while a runway of concrete slabs or a rapid rail launching in 5 minutes allowed. The
launching was done by hand by a team of 24 men, which requires no winches were
used. The tunnels provided space for the preparation of 1 to 2 or more assault boats and
sometimes for maintenance. The tunnels were mostly at a considerable distance from the
coast, was built at reducing their vulnerability to scheepsbeschietingen. The plywood
boats were very vulnerable, in some cases destroyed during the shelling parts of the
ceiling crumbling rock the boat parked.

The Army used assault boats of the types Re (Ujina) and Ro (Heihon), who were armed
with two depth charges of 120 kg. The two depth charges were each on one side of the
fairing with a cable to a steel bracket fastened. It was possible to hand the depth charges
are released, or through an ingenious automatic construction, consisting of an excellent
bar, which closed in passing along the links of the target opened the attachment cables. 9
In one of Kerama Retto found variant had the (welded) depth bombs on a rack on the
back of the boat confirmed (possibly involved an ramvariant for suicide missions) .10
While the attack boats in principle no suicide bombs had-a captured plan map gave
example a return or escape to, there was the possibility of depth charges in a collision
course to activate, but also the timing of the tube of the depth charges-so-square was tight
dimensioned that an undamaged return of the small boats virtually eliminated was.11 The
boats were driven by a 70 Hp 60 Hp Nissan or Toyota engine. The maximum speed was
20-22 knots. The attack boats approached either in stealth speed (sometimes rowing) or at
full power from behind the enemy target and cast their depth bombs alongside sailing
around à © à © n meter away from the ship. Usually, this operation by a number of
attack boats performed simultaneously, usually three assault boats per target, allowing
multiple depth charges exploded below the target. The leading boat attack bore depth
charges under the bow of the ship, the following boats at vulnerable points along the
fuselage, and the assault boats on the high speed removed. In their approach attempted
assault boats is between the allied ships to enter, so that they fire also released its ships
would be taken.

Since the attacks, preferably under cover of


darkness or in poor visibility were conducted, the
boat group commander is equipped with a radar
type TASE Mark 2 with a detection range of 400 to
5000 meters. Due to the fact that the radar
equipment took almost all cargo, these boats took
no part in the actual aanval.12 The radar system
equipped with an assault boats were commanders of
the group by the Allies was first observed in Luzon
(Philippines). Usually the attack boats had a crew of
à © à © n man or two, but it was possible for six
passengers (combat swimmers) with sticky mines
with you. The weapon was often carried a machine
gun while using a smoke screen entrained smoke
pots could be laid. The crew of the assault boats
were very well trained and were particularly adept
at approaching the target ships from blind spots
(which differed considerably by type of vessel),
where they could not be under fire.

6. Japanese coastal and island defense. In: 11 Army Group Intelligence Weekly Review,
No.22, 2 March 1945, p.10-12
7. Suicide attacks by swimmers. In: WIPOA. Vol. No. 1. 30. 5 February 1945, p. 49
8. Suicide Boats in the Ryukyus. In: WIPOA, Vol. No. 1. 1939, 9 April 1945. P. 6 shows
an on March 28, 1945 in a cave for suicide boats Tokashiki Shima captured Japanese map
with routes, sailing schedule, possible target areas, etc.
9. Motorboats suicide. In: WOWIR Vol. 1, no. 1933, 26 February 1945, p. 12-15
10. Suicide Boats in the Ryukyus. In: WIPOA Vol. 1, no. 1939, 9 April 1945, p. 7.
11. Suicide Boats in the Ryukyus. In: WIPOA Vol. 1, no. 1939, 9 April 1945, p. 8.
12. Radar Boat Lead for Suicide Boat Attacks. In: The ONI Weekly, Vol. IV, Vol. April
17, 1925, 1945, p. 1415, 1416 Shinyo

The attack on the Navy ships were referred to as Shinyo. The original concept was based
on a small à © à © nmans assault boat with a powerful outboard motor. As no suitable
outboard for mass production were available, had to fall back on a model with an
internally mounted engine. Around 1937, the designers of the Japanese Navy started the
development of fast motor torpedo boats, the hull form was inspired in English, Italian
and American models. In 1941 the Japanese Navy had about six 18-meter torpedo boats
to be built in large numbers just starting well prior to the outbreak of the Pacific war had
begun. The Shinyo March 1944 was developed where the (shortened) hull form was
derived from the existing motor torpedo boats. This attack boat was introduced as Type 1
Shinyo. Of this type were the Yokosuka naval shipyard built six pieces with a steel hull,
while two copies with a wooden hull was built to Tsurumi.
On May 27, 1944 was the first maiden voyage, after which the bow shape was
modified. Since the production of molds and such for the manufacture of steel hulls
certainly would take six months and a shortage of steel and skilled craftsmen and metal
workers were then chosen for the application of a wood construction. Type 1 Model 1
was tested in July 1944, plus several design changes were made. Thus, the transmission
dropped and the explosive moves backwards. A ballast was placed in the stern to a more
optimal weight distribution to obtain, so the boat has enough speed for smaller vessels
were seaworthy.
The propulsion came with a standard Toyota KC-6-cylinder car engine, good for a speed
of 23 knots.

The Shinyo was built in large numbers with a monthly production of 400-600 units. The
construction was done on the naval shipyards, but also in private shipyards and car
factories, while large numbers of a slightly different type were built by the 1st Marine
Repair Division in Shanghai, the 101st Marine Repair in Singapore and the 102nd Marine
Repair Division in Surabaya and Batavia.
Based on experiences of operational deployment in the Philippines and Iwo Jima was the
Type 1 improved by applying a protective structure at the bow and for the screw to
undamaged beam barriers and torpedo nets to sail.To support fire during the approach
was to give both sides of the fairing for a double rocket launcher rockets made 12
cm. Initially these rocket launchers at a fixed elevation angle up, but later became an
improved launcher fitted with hand isolated "leveerd could be. The rockets contain an
explosive type of explosive and a 98 brandkartetslading. The maximum range shot was
about 1800 meters. The brandkartetskogels covered an area of 182 by 36 meters and were
designed to target the flak from the ships to eliminate or reduce impact. 13
The low speed of 23 knots boat Shinyo attack was perceived as an obstacle in the tactical
use, so the design bureaus were focused on achieving faster models. Already in the
beginning of the Shinyo program was designed in March 1944 type 2. This boat was
designed as hydrofoil was designed by Y. Otsu, a civil engineer who worked at the
Marine Research Institute. The hull of the wooden boat with a length of 6 meters was
built by the Yokohama Shipyard, while the hydrofoil structure was built by the Navy
Yard Yokusuka. The propulsion was by the standard Toyota car engine with an output of
67 hp. At the trial in August 1944 appeared unstable and not to the design
requirements. The thought 30 knots was far from being met and the design proved too
complex for mass production. The further development of Type 2 was then
discontinued. 14
Then, we tried the top speed of the existing design to increase the car engine to replace a
jet propulsion. A jet propulsion also had a favorable ratio of weight in relation to the
power output. The first test was carried out around October 1944 by the Mitsubishi
shipyard. This version was designated type 6 and was fitted with the basic hull of the
Type 1 Model 1, which was further reinforced at the bottom. The design of the RO-jet
engine was borrowed from the similar designs for the Type 93 torpedo Kaiten and Type
2. The fuel for the jet consisted of a combination of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen
hydrates and kerosene. In the first trial took 6 Type a speed of 50 knots, waana the engine
and the pipe became overheated and the boat caught fire and sank. The sailing area was
3000 meters and was made in 100 seconds. Because of the enormous weight of the fuel
supply (about 900 kilograms, equivalent to half of the total weight of operational boat)
was crossing a range of 3500 meters, to be done in 120 seconds not be reached. Based on
the results achieved in December 1944 was the modified Type 6 Model 1 tested. With
this model, the designers hoped to be able to 4500 meters with a speed of 100 knots. At a
speed of 70 knots, the vessel may be uncontrollable by the waves and hit it over the
head. The modified hull form of the subsequent design type 6 Model 2 did not. While the
use of hydrofoils has been considered the Marine officers judged negatively about the
project. Due to the high speed and handling was difficult with a jet-powered Shinyo too
dangerous, while educating Shinyo suicide skippers in their view would take too
long. Work on the Type 6 Shinyo this was discontinued. 15
Meanwhile, at the Navy Yard Yokusuka worked on the design of the Shinyo 7, which
was powered by rockets of the same type as used in the Ohka were applied. The
propulsion consisted of 10 rockets, each for 10 seconds worked. The designer S. Makino
worked on an automatic ignition system for the missiles, but in February 1945 tested
model was equipped with a manual ignition ten afvuurknoppen. The minimum range of
3500 meters was sailing with a speed of 70 knots are made. For the test, the skipper no
further than the third firing knob, when the ship at a speed of about 60 knots in the waves
crashed. After this failure was the work on the Type 7 further gestaakt.16

The attack boats of the division commander, designated type 5, were larger and armed
with two rocket launchers and à © à © n 13 mm machine gun. The assault boat was
fitted with Type 5 bow same explosive as the type 1 model 1. The boats for the division
commander had provided two Toyota car engines, which ensured a maximum speed of 25
knots, while the installation of two additional auxiliary fuel tank the range was
significantly increased.The crew was two men, who had a radio system.
Around August 1944, the first test run with the Type 5 uitgevoerd.17 For the squadron
commander was removed from the Type 5 Type 8 Shinyo the larger developed. In June
1945, the type successfully tested in August, after a series of six units were built. The
attack boat of the squadron commander was intended and designed for the command of
divisions Shinyo Type 1 Model 1 assault boats, each commanded by a division
commander in a Shinyo Type 5. Type 8 was powered by three Toyota engines, capable of
a maximum speed of 23 knots was feasible. The crew consisted of three persons, who
possessed a powerful portable radios and radio-telephone for communication with
(reconnaissance) aircraft. Type 8 was not intended to actually carry out suicide missions
themselves and therefore had no charge a bow. WÃ © l were for offensive purposes, two
Type 5 28 cm torpedoes carried. The Shinyo Type 8 was equipped with two 12 cm
grenade. Where the Army's command boats provided by radar, the Navy has developed
an infrared guidance system, the (commanding) Shinyoboten one from a high point on
the shore emitted infrared beam directed toward the goal followed. A special receiver
with signal lights on the fairing gave to the attack boat was still on course. With this
system it was hoped that the lack of observation of the layer at sea Shinyo to offset. Due
to technical imperfections, the infra-red guidance system had never gone beyond ini «le
proefnemingen.18
A laastste development in the attack was by Lt. boats. Commander Nakajima, Technical
Research Institute of the Navy, designed remote controlled Shinyo. This boat had a
length of 4 meters and was equipped with a rocket propulsion, with a burning time of 10
seconds to a top speed of 100 knots vaartuigje had to give. In the first experiments the
unmanned boat hit over the head and was lost. The idea was not abandoned and then
worked Nakajima still an improved prototype. The control of the unmanned Shinyo be
made by an infrared device, the heat radiation of the target vessel of the area was
identified. It was anticipated that a Shinyo mate the boat near the goal brought ashore
after which time he went after the infrared homing into your concerns. Apart from the
nautical problems that resulted from the combination of rocket propulsion / hull shape,
was the lack of distinctiveness of an infrared homing problem, not the end of the war
could be resolved.

The attack of the Navy boats were organized and implemented an aggressive Shinyotai
ramtechniek with fewer opportunities for the crew to survive. In the bow compartment of
the assault boats of the Navy was a heavy explosive load of 270 kilograms of explosives
made Type 98. The bow loading could be lit in three ways, namely the closing of an
electrical contact with the meeting directly with a firing knob or a
percussiedetonator. The crew brought the boat attack as secretly as possible in attack rate,
if he fired any missiles had been discovered and put into the collision course at full speed
for about 90 meters away the attack boat to leave the helm after having put down. By
ramming the target followed the explosion. The attack boat of the Navy was about the
same as that of the Army, but was faster. Because of their vulnerability, the wooden
assault boats through the Navy considered less effective than the underwater operating
Kaitens, but were easier to build in large quantities.
The Navy Shinyo were in Corregidor (Philippines) first deployed against the Allies. On
Corregidor were 6 Shinyo units stationed, each comprising about 150 men with 30
boats. It was originally intended for more than 300 boats on Corregidor Shinyo alloying,
but due to transmission losses and the loss of 30 boats in an accident, there were
ultimately only 100 boats available.
The use of assault boats appeared in the Philippines successfully, with over à © à © n
attack in the Gulf of Lingayen an LCI was sunk and eight ships, including destroyers and
LST's were heavily beschadigd.20 during the Allied landing operations at Kerama Retto
in preparation for the assault on Okinawa were more than 700 assault boats
beschikbaar.21 Despite the efforts of a large number of attack boats in the waters around
Okinawa were American naval losses caused by these attacks were limited to à © à © n
sunk and seven damaged warships. 22 These losses were represented respectively 2.7%
and 16% of total ship losses suffered.
Type 1
-Material: Steel, wood
-Length: 6 meters
-Width: 1,67 meter
-Water displacement: 1,35 tonnes
-Max. speed: 26 knobs
-Total engines: 1
-HP: 67
-Fuel tank: 140 liters
-effective range: 250 miles
-Crew: 1

Type 1/1
-Material: wood
-Length: 5,10 meters
-Width: 1,67 meter
-Water displacement: 2,40 tonnes
-Max. speed: 23 knobs
-Total engines: 1
-HP: 67
-Fuel tank: 140 liters
-effective range: 250 miles
-Crew: 1

Type 5
-Material: wood
-Length: 6,50 meters
-Width: 1,86 meter
-Water displacement: 1,40 tonnes
-Max. speed: 25 knobs
-Total engines: 2
-HP: 134
-Fuel tank: 280 liters
-effective range: 275 miles
-Crew: 2

Type 8
-Material: Wood
-Length: 8 meters
-Width: 2,50 meter
-Water displacement: 4,00 tonnes
-Max. speed: 22 knobs
-Total engines: 3
-HP: 200
-Fuel tank: 600 liters
-effective range: 350 miles
-Crew: 3

http://wgordon.web.wesleyan.edu/kamikaze/books/japanese/nikaido/index.htm
http://www.panzergrenadier.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=18&t=772&p=26498
http://www.combinedfleet.com/OkinawaEMB.htm
http://tokyotimes.posterous.com/japanese-suicide-boat-shinyo-training-centre
http://s128.photobucket.com/albums/p164/us53/Japanese%20Suicide%20Boat
%20compass/

Type 7

Type 1
Demolition Boat

Length: 19 feet, 2 inches


Beam: 5 feet, 2 inches

J.M. "Boats" Newberry, founder of PT Boats, Inc., located this Imperial Japanese Suicide
Demolition Boat in Kerama Retto, Okinawa, and arranged for its transport back to the
United States. In 1972 Newberry placed the boat at Battleship Cove. The design appears
to be that of a semi-submersible.
A U.S. Army report in PT Boats, Inc.'s archives indicates that 1000 of these boats were to
attack Allied Forces assaulting Okinawa. They were concealed in artificial and natural
caves. These one-man boats were made of light plywood with reinforced wooden beams.
Many were powered by U.S. made Gray Marine six-cylinder engines. Horsepower rating
was between 70-80. They carried two depth charges, 260 pounds each,
which were released by hand or on impact with their targets. They were
painted green.
Elaborate attack plans were found in the caves along with information
indicating that many amphibious units had been set up in out-of-the-way
coastal installations. When discovered, none of the amphibious squadrons'
personnel were located, leading G-2 of the 77th Division to call the
discovery "mysterious."
On display in an original Quonset Hut, the Demolition Boat has been
compared to Japanese "Shinyo" (meaning "seaquake") boats but does not
match a Shinyo's characteristics.
"Special Attack" was the Imperial Japanese phrase used to describe tactics
that generally involved the loss of a human operator. Laden with
explosives, special attack boats were used in a suicidal fashion against
American vessels in the Pacific during World War II. However, very few
attacks were successful, as these boats were easily spotted and were frequently destroyed
before they were deployed.
The Imperial Japanese Suicide Demolition Boat is on display at Battleship Cove, the
world's largest collection of historic naval ships, and is owned by PT Boats, Inc.,
headquartered in Germantown, Tennessee.

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