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îV To determine the density of fluid

V J
  

àV     

n physics, buoyancy is an upward acting force, caused by fluid pressure, that keeps things
afloat. The upward force exerted by water on any immersed object is called a buoyant force.
This can occur only in an accelerated frame of reference (such as gravity or a centrifugal forces)
defining a "downward" direction along the acceleration. The net upward buoyancy force is equal
to the magnitude of the weight of fluid displaced by the body. This force enables the object to
float.

Figure 1. The forces at work in buoyancy

Law of buoyancy, discovered by Archimedes, which states that any object that is completely
or partially submerged in a fluid at rest is acted on by an upward, or buoyant, force. The
magnitude of this force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. The volume of
fluid displaced is equal to the volume of the portion of the object submerged.
Archimedes' principle, principle that states that a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a
force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. The principle applies to both floating and
submerged bodies and to all fluids, i.e., liquids and gases.
t explains not only the buoyancy of
ships and other vessels in water but also the rise of a balloon in the air and the apparent loss of
weight of objects underwater.
The formula of measurement density of various shape object by Archimedes¶s principle can be
derived by the equation as follow.
Fa = Wb
Fa = mgÕ
y = Õoil gVobject ± Õwater gVobject
= (Õoil g - Õwater g) Vobject

Vobject =


 

Z = Õobject gVobject - Õoil gVobject

= (Õobject g - Õoil g) Vobject

Vobject =


 

   Õ
  Õ    

   
 
   Õ
  Õ    

 

  Õ
 Õ   

 Õobject -  Õoil =  Õobject -  Õwater

 Õobject -  Õ !"# =  Õoil -  Õwater
$   %Õ !"#   Õ   Õ&#!'

 Õ   Õ&#!'
Õ !"# 

   

So, the equation to find density of various shape object by Archimedes¶s principle is :

 Õ   Õ&#!'
Õ !"# 

   
Where :
 = Mass of fluid (water) displaced
()
 = Mass of fluid (oil) displaced
()
(
Õ = Density of Object * -+, .
(
Õ&#!' = Density of Water * -+, .

V


àV Spring Balance
àV Load (iron load)
àV ontainer for fluid
àV Balance
àV !uler
àV Vernire caliper
àV There different of fluid (water, glycerin, cooking oil)
 Vc  
1.V First, measure the mass of iron load using balance
2.V Measure the volume of iron load using vernier caliper
3.V After that, now prepare the container and the fluid that we want to measure the density.
4.V Place the spring with the load which in the end of the spring to the fluid that have been placed
in the container. Like figure below
 }.V Look at the scale of spring balance and put the result on the table.
Table for=««« liquid
ȡ of iron load =«..
Mass (kg) Volume (s3) Force (N)

6.V !epeat the measurement for five times and do for another liquid that we want to measure the
density.
V   !  



"#

 $
First of all by doing this experiment we fine the mass by using balance. After we fine the
mass ë
then enters in the table of measurements. The uncertainty in each measurement of
mass is half of uncertainly in balance smallest scale is 0.2 s.
1
 
2
After that by doing this experiment we fine the volume by using vernier caliper. After we
fine the volume ë
then enters in the table of measurements. The uncertainty in each
measurement of volume is half of uncertainly in vernier caliper with smallest scale is 0.1 mm.
5  / , , where the uncertainty of s is
1
0/  343
2

And then by doing this experiment we fine the value of force using spring balance. After we
fine the value of force ë
then enters in the table of measurements. The uncertainty in each
measurement the value of Force is half of uncertainly in spring balance smallest scale is 0.1 cm.
1
05  343
2

When system in the equilibrium state we have to calculate the force.V

V
;
 
V


V
 
V

V
 
V Then, we calculate the force. For Y axis is F = W - Fa

5  6  5&

5    Õ5

Õ5    5

  5
Õ
5

 5
Õ 
5 5

So, to determine the density of fluid we use equation:

 5
Õ 
5 5