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Guilds
616s-031 DECEMBER 2010
Technician Diploma in Construction
Environmental science and construction techniques 3 - principles

Thursday 2 December 2O1O You should have the following

09:30 - 12:OO for this examination
. one answer book
. drawing instruments
. non-programmable calculator

General instructions
. This question paper is the property of the City and Guilds of London
lnstitute and should be returned after the examination.
. All questions have equal marks. The maximum marks for each section within a
question are shown.
. Answer all ten questions.

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11s8781
 Describe the use of the followingto obtain information in a site investigation.
a) Site visit. (7 marks)
b) Localarchivesearch. (7 marks)
c) Photographs. (6 marks)

a) State two factors to be considered when designing foundations for

a low-rise building. (4 marks)
b) i) List and describe four functions of a fou ndation. (12 marks)
ii) ldentify two different types of foundation used for low-rise buildings. (4 marks)

Describe, with the aid of annotated sketches, a typical detail of a reinforced concrete
cast in situ wall, including formwork. (20 marks)

a) S.ketch a section through each of the following flat roofs.

i) A cold deck flat roof. (5 marks)
ii) A warm deck flat roof. (5 marks)
b) Describe, with the aid of annotated sketches, how the shrinkage cracking of
concrete screeds can be minimised. (10 marks)

3t Describe, with the aid of annotated sketches, the structure of a gravity

retaining wall. (12 marks)
b) ldentify and describe two examples of where a retaining wall may be used. (B marks)

a) Domestic services include water, electricity and gas. For each, describe how
i) the service can be isolated for repair and maintenance (6 marks)
ii) the quantity used can be measured for billing purposes. (6 marks)
b) Explain two functions of a ceiling finish. (B marks)

7a) Define the following terms used in illumination and identify the appropriate unit
in each case.
i) Luminous intensity. (2 marks)
ii) Luminous flux. (2 marks)
iii) llluminance. (2 marks)
b) Determine the corrected daylight factor for a point indoors using the data
supplied below.
. Sky Component = 1.5%
. Externally Reflected Component -- 0.5%
. lnternally Reflected Component = 1.0%
. Overall correction factor for glazing bars, type of glass and dirt : 0.8 (o marKS)
c) Explain the contribution that can be made to energy conservation by the use of
low energy lamps, under the following headings.
. Cost. (3 marks)
. Durability. (3 marks)
. Quality of light. (2 marks)

11sB7B1
 B a) i) Explain what is meant by'airborne sound'. (2 marks)
ii) ldentify and describe two methods used lo control airborne sound. (4 marks)
b) A school hall has a volume of 4000 m3 and an actual reverberation time of
2 seconds at medium frequencies. The optimum reverberation time for the
hall is 1.5 seconds in the same frequency range.
i) Use Sabine's formula to determine the actualtotalabsorption of the hall. (3 marks)
ii) Use Sabine's formula to determine the required optimum absorption
in the hall. (3 marks)
iii) Deterrnine the number of extra absorption units that must be provided to
reduce the reverberation time of the hall to 1.5 seconds. (2 marks)
iv) Determine the area of sound absorbent material required to deliver the
increased absorption if the net absorption coefficient of that material is
0.72in the medium frequency range. (2 marks)
c) Explain the difference between dB(A) and dB(C) in terms of weightings on a sound
levelmeter. (4 marks)

? a) Explain the difference between the terms 'heat' and 'temperature'. (4 marks)
b) A cavity wall is to be filled with foam to improve the thermal insulation of the wall.
Determine the new U value of the wall, after the cavity has been filled, using the
data below.
\- . U value of wall before cavity is filled = 1.8 W/m2 "C
' Width of cavitY = 50 mm = 0.050 m
. Thermal resistance of the cavity = 0.175 m2 "C/W
. Conductivity of foam (k) = 0.025 W/m'C (10 marks)
c) i) Define the term 'cold bridge' as applied to an external wall. (3 marks)
ii) Explain how a cold bridge can affect the risk of condensation. (3 marks)

W a) Describe, with the aid of a diagram, how a manometer can be used to measure
gas pressure. (6 marks)
b) i) Determine the pressure acting on a body submerged at a depth of 15.6 m
in water of density 1005 kg/m3. (4 marks)
ii) Determine the 'depth of centre of pressure' at which the resultant force can
be considered as acting. (3 marks)
c) A drain of internal diameter 100 mm is laid to a fall of 1 in B0 (0.0125) and has a
Chezy coefficient of 58. Assuming that f low in the drain is full-bore, determine
the anticipated velocity of flow of water in the drain. (7 marks)

1r_58781
 crTY & GUTLDS 616s-031
DECEMBER SERIES 2O1O

Formula sheet

Uncorrected DF = SC + ERC + IRC

_l= 0.16 V
n
R=1/U

Thermal resistance of a component = thickness + thermal conductivity

P=hpg

nar:2*h
3

v = c.,/(mi)