DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY EM 1110-2-1613

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

CECW-CE Washington, DC 20314-1000

Manual
No. 1110-2-1613 31 May 2006

Engineering and Design

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DEEP DRAFT NAVIGATION PROJECTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Chapter 1. Introduction

Purpose.....................................................................................................1-1 1-1
Applicability ............................................................................................1-2 1-1
Distribution ..............................................................................................1-3 1-1
References................................................................................................1-4 1-1
Scope........................................................................................................1-5 1-1
Background ..............................................................................................1-6 1-1
Manual Development...............................................................................1-7 1-1
Training....................................................................................................1-8 1-2
Appendices...............................................................................................1-9 1-2

Chapter 2. Project Study Formulation

Project Design..........................................................................................2-1 2-1

Typical Project Elements .........................................................................2-2 2-1
Planning Procedure ..................................................................................2-3 2-3
Design Considerations .............................................................................2-4 2-3
Project Safety ...........................................................................................2-5 2-4
U.S. Coast Guard .....................................................................................2-6 2-4
Physical Data ...........................................................................................2-7 2-4
Typical Engineering Studies ....................................................................2-8 2-8

Chapter 3. Deep-Draft Ships

Introduction..............................................................................................3-1 3-1
Ship Characteristics .................................................................................3-2 3-1
Ship Dimensions ......................................................................................3-3 3-2
Cargo Capacity.........................................................................................3-4 3-3
Form Coefficients ....................................................................................3-5 3-4
Restrictions ..............................................................................................3-6 3-5
Ship Speed ...............................................................................................3-7 3-6

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Conventions .............................................................................................3-8 3-8

Maneuverability .......................................................................................3-9 3-8
Environmental Factors .............................................................................3-10 3-9
Design Ship..............................................................................................3-11 3-10
Design Transit Conditions .......................................................................3-12 3-11

Chapter 4. Ship Operations

Introduction..............................................................................................4-1 4-1
Navigation System ...................................................................................4-2 4-1
Typical Operations...................................................................................4-3 4-2
Ship Resistance ........................................................................................4-4 4-4
Shallow Water..........................................................................................4-5 4-7
Restricted Channels .................................................................................4-6 4-8

Chapter 5. Design Factors and Studies

Tides and Currents ...................................................................................5-1 5-1

Wind and Waves ......................................................................................5-2 5-2
Sedimentation ..........................................................................................5-3 5-3
Water Quality Impacts .............................................................................5-4 5-6
Local Coordination ..................................................................................5-5 5-7
Accident Records .....................................................................................5-6 5-7

Chapter 6. Channel Depth

Depth Design ...........................................................................................6-1 6-1

Economic Analysis ..................................................................................6-2 6-1
Ship Squat ................................................................................................6-3 6-3
Ship Motion in Waves .............................................................................6-4 6-9
Depth Allowances....................................................................................6-5 6-28

Chapter 7. Channel Dredging and Disposal

Channel Dredging ....................................................................................7-1 7-1

Disposal Sites...........................................................................................7-2 7-1
Use of Dredged Material..........................................................................7-3 7-1
Environmental Effects .............................................................................7-4 7-2

Chapter 8. Channel Width

Design Criteria .........................................................................................8-1 8-1

Channel Alignment ..................................................................................8-2 8-2

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Channel Cross Section .............................................................................8-3 8-2

Interior Channels......................................................................................8-4 8-3
Entrance Channels ...................................................................................8-5 8-6
Channel Turns and Bends ........................................................................8-6 8-7

Chapter 9. Integral Features

Navigation Features .................................................................................9-1 9-1

Turning Basins .........................................................................................9-2 9-1
Anchorages ..............................................................................................9-3 9-3
Jetties and Breakwaters............................................................................9-4 9-4
Ship Locks and Salinity Barriers .............................................................9-5 9-6
Diversion Works ......................................................................................9-6 9-7
Bridge Clearance......................................................................................9-7 9-7
Training Dikes and Revetments...............................................................9-8 9-8
Hurricane Barriers....................................................................................9-9 9-9
Sediment Traps ........................................................................................9-10 9-9

Chapter 10. Aids to Navigation

General.....................................................................................................10-1 10-1
Lateral Aid System ..................................................................................10-2 10-2
Seacoast Aids ...........................................................................................10-3 10-4
Aid Design ...............................................................................................10-4 10-4
Accuracy ..................................................................................................10-5 10-5
Aid Arrangement .....................................................................................10-6 10-5
Regulations ..............................................................................................10-7 10-6
New Technologies ...................................................................................10-8 10-7

Chapter 11. Effects of Ice on Design

General.....................................................................................................11-1 11-1
Design of Channels with Ice ....................................................................11-2 11-1
Locks........................................................................................................11-3 11-1
Erosion and Sediment Movement............................................................11-4 11-2
Vibration ..................................................................................................11-5 11-2
Mitigation of Ice Problems ......................................................................11-6 11-2

Chapter 12. Operation and Maintenance

Operation and Maintenance Plan .............................................................12-1 12-1

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Chapter 13. Navigation Model Studies

General.....................................................................................................13-1 13-1
Physical Models .......................................................................................13-2 13-2
Numerical Models....................................................................................13-3 13-2
Ship Simulations ......................................................................................13-4 13-11
Field Data Collection ...............................................................................13-5 13-12

Appendices

Appendix A – References A-1

Appendix B – Conversion Factors and Constants B-1

Appendix C – Ship Simulator Applications to Waterways Design —

Lessons Learned C-1

Appendix D – Ship Simulator Scope of Work D-1

Appendix E – Sample Wave-Induced Ship Motion Calculation

for Tankers Using the Kimon Method (1982) E-1

Glossary Glossary-1

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