Bradford Assay

The bradford dye-binding assay is a colorimetric assay for measuring total protein concentration. It involves the binding of
Coomassie Brilliant blue to protein.

There is no interference from cations nor from carbohydrates such as sucrose. However, detergents such as sodium dodecyl
sulfate and triton x-100 can interfere with the assay, as well as strongly alkaline solutions.

General Overview of Procedure:

1. Dilute 5x Bradford Reagent (BioRad) 4:1 with water and run through a gravity filter.
2. Get a 96-well ELISA plate (Limbro microtitration plate).
3. Turn on machine to allow bulb to warm up (approx. 10 min. before use).
4. Prepare standards.
5. Plate standards in triplicate (10 uL per well). Leave column 1 blank, begin plating in column 2.
6. Plate samples in triplicate (10 uL per well). Since your standard curve is from 0-1 mg/mL (for BSA), your samples
should be in this range. Taking an O. D. reading on your sample and generalizing that 1 O. D.=1 mg/mL is a good way
to get a ballpark value. Dilute your samples appropriately, and if you don't know the concentration of protein make
several samples of various dilutions.
7. Add 200 uL of diluted Bradford reagent to each well, and let stand 5 minutes.
8. Insert the 595 nm. filter into the machine. Set the plate on the reader. Press "blank" and after the machine gives a
printout of the blank reading, press "start". The reading is complete when the plate slides back out from
underneath the reader.
9. Use the results to graph the standard curve (Axes are commonly labeled as y=A, 600 nm and x=mg/mL). Use the
curve and data from bradford to determine unknown protein concentration.

Preparation of Standards

A set of standards is created from a stock of protein whose concentration is known. The Bradford values obtained for the
standard are then used to construct a standard curve to which the unknown values obtained can be compared to determine
their concentration. Use a protein as your standard that most closely resembles the protein you are assaying. BSA and IgG
are typical standards used to construct the curve. For BSA, use 0-1 mg/mL as your standard curve concentration; for IgG, use
0-1.6 mg/mL.

Example of typical standards created from BSA stock (1 mg/mL), to give a standard curve from 0-1 mg/mL:

Sample #1 (0.0 mg/mL): 0 uL BSA + 30 uL buffer.

Sample #2 (0.2 mg/mL): 6 uL BSA + 24 uL buffer.

Sample #3 (0.4 mg/mL): 12 uL BSA + 18 uL buffer.

Sample #4 (0.6 mg/mL): 18 uL BSA + 12 uL buffer.

Sample #5 (0.8 mg/mL): 24 uL BSA + 6 uL buffer.

Sample #6 (1.0 mg/mL): 30 uL BSA + 0 uL buffer.

*Note: The ubiquitously used BSA is a very poor standard for the bradford assay. To adjust for this, multiply the results you get for your
protein concentration by 2.1 to get a closer approximation of your protein's concentration. Lysozyme, ovalbumin and catalase make much
better standards, and no adjustment is necessary for these standards.