Indian farmers electricity

solution by HAWT

Under.Guidance by
Prof. Muqeem Akhtar Abstract
The predicted power at various blades pitch angle
Aditya Kumar for both wind speed 10.5 m/s & 7.2 m/s. Rough
Chaman Prakash
“Eye balling”estimates seem to give optimal
Farooq Qumar
Joyti Yadav pitches at 9 & 4 degrees for the wind speed 10.5
Mahendra Kumar Vishvakarma and7.2 m/s, respectively. The better method to
estimate the optimum pitch angle is by using curve
fitting. From the method of least square with
polynomial degree 3, the optimum blade pitches
are determined to beat 8.82 degrees for wind speed 10.5 m/s and 4.2 degree for
wind speed 7.2 m/s.

Key words: Higher Output, High Efficient, rotating blade wind turbine.

Introduction:
The man has been served by the power from winds for many centuries but the total
amount of energy generated in the manner is small. The expense of the installation and
variability of operation have tend to limit the use of wind mill to intermittent services
where its variable output has no serious disadvantage. The principle services of this
nature are the pumping of water into storage tanks and the charging of storage
batteries.[1].
Wind machines were used for grinding grain in Persia as early 200 B.C. This type of
machine was introduced into the Roman Empire by 250A.D.By the 14 th century Dutch
wind mills were in use to drain areas of the Rhine river delta. In Denmark by 1900 there
were about 2500 windmills for mechanical loads such as pumps and mills, producing an
estimated combined peak power of about 30 MW.
The first windmill for electricity production was built in Denmark in 1890 and in 1908
there were 72 wind-driven electric generators from 5KW to 25 KW. The largest machines
were on 24 m towers with four-bladed 23 m diameter rotors [2].
By the 1930s windmills were mainly used to generate electricity on farms, mostly in
the United States where distribution system had not it been installed. In this period,
high tensile steel was cheap, and windmills were placed atop prefabricated open steel
lattice towers.
In the 1970s, many people began to desire a self sufficient life style. Solar shells
were to expensive for small scale for electrical generation, so some turned to wind mills.
At first they built ad-hoc designs using wood and automobiles parts. Most people
discovered that a reliable wind generator is a moderatory complex engineering project,
well beyond the ability of most romantics. Some began to search for and rebuilt farm
wind generators from the 1930s, of which Jacobs wind generators were specially sought
after. [3]
In the 1990s,Small generators connected to the tower on the ground, and then the
tower is raised into position. Large generators hoisted in to position atop the tower and
there is a ladder or staircase inside the tower to allow technicians to reach and maintain
he generators [3].
 Indian farmers electricity
solution by HAWT

Prof. Muqeem Akhtar , Aditya Kumar Verma , Chaman Prakash Verma ,

Farooque Qamar , Jyoti Yadav , Mahendra Kumar Vishvakarma

Methodology
Assumptions

• Atmospheric Temperature- Tatm = 200 C

• Atmospheric Pressure- Patm = 1.013 bar
• Density of Wind flowing = 1.205 Kg/m3

Aerodynamic Efficiency of Blade Element

Graphs for the values of Cd & CL

 Indian farmers electricity
solution by HAWT

S.NO Angle of tanε= Cd/Cl Pitch Angle I = θ+ α [1-tanε.tanI]

attack (θ) ηa =
(α) [1+tanε.tanI
0
1. 8 0.01 0 8 99.70
2. 8 0.01 90 17 99.40
3. 8 0.01 180 26 99.04
4. 8 0.01 270 35 98.60
5. 8 0.01 360 44 98.09
6. 8 0.01 450 53 97.39

S.NO. Wind Pitch angle Speed (rpm) Voltage Current

Velocity (θ) (V) (mA)
 Indian farmers electricity
solution by HAWT

No Load At Load At Load

(m/s)

1. 10 00 1920 4.22 2.9 220

2. 10 90 1586 4 2.8 170
3. 10 180 837 3.8 2.6 150
4. 10 270 586 2.5 2.4 30
5. 10 360 518 1.2 0.8 24
6. 10 450 354 0.3 0 8

Solidity of the turbine:

Tip Speed Ratio:

S.No. Angle (θ) Speed (rpm) Tip Speed Ratio

1. 0 1920 3.5
2. 9 1586 2.88
3. 18 837 1.52
4. 27 586 1.06
5. 36 518 0.94
6. 45 354 0.64

Power Output of the Aero turbine

 Indian farmers electricity
solution by HAWT

PO = 0.30*0.50*1*(π/4)*(0.348)2*103
= 14.2 KW
Overall Conversion Efficiency, (η0)

Where, ηa – Efficiency of the aero turbine

ηg – Efficiency of the Gearing
ηGgen - Efficiency of the Generator

According to the measurement the maximum efficiency of aero turbine = 99.70,

maximum generator efficiency = 35.00 , efficiency of gearing = 92.0.Thus the overall
max. efficiency of the HAWT is 32.10% which is nearly equivalent to the steam turbine.
The performanance of turbine is also checked by CFD Technology, which satisfies all the
result of HAWT.

Result & Discussion

• As the CFD Technology for HAWT by varying Pitch angle best efficiency given in
the range 00- 260.
• Aerodynamic efficiency of blade element of our model varies from 99.70 (at pitch
angle 00.) to 97.39 (at pitch angle-450).
• The overall conversion efficiency of our model is 32.10%.
• In our calculation we found that aerodynamic efficiency of blade element is nearly
constant with the pitch angle 00-270.but when pitch angle is increased the
efficiency of the blade element rapidly decreases. This is satisfied by CFD
technology.
• In our project we have used 12V DC Generator and the maximum output comes
out of the motor is 4.20 Volt. Such that efficiency of the generator =35%.
• From the economical point of view our model stands in the financial feasible
category as it cost’s approx. 765/-Rs.
• As we have produced maximum 4.20 Volt output of the model thus a 3Volt
mobile battery can be charged and it is also able to produce illuminate more than
30 LED (Light emitting diode).

Performance graphs of our model

 Indian farmers electricity
solution by HAWT

Graph between Voltage output Vs Pitch angle

Graph between Power Vs Velocity
Graph between Power Vs Rotor diameter
Graph between Current output Vs pitch angle
 Indian farmers electricity
solution by HAWT

Discussions of Graphs

• The graph between Voltage output vs Pitch angle (at load & no load condition)
shows different voltage outputs at different pitch angles. At load condition from 00 to
180 pitch angle voltage output is nearly constant but from 270 to 450 it drops rapidly
because most of the volume of air attacking the blade bypasses & approximately 0.3
volts at 450 angle. At no load condition at 00 pitch angle the voltage output is
approximately 4.2 volts and remains nearly same up to 180 pitch angle. After 180 it
drops rapidly because of the most of the air striking the blades bypasses.
• From the graph between Power output vs Rotor diameter it is clear that the power
output follows the parabolic curvature which is same as found by other researchers.
[15]
• The graph between Power output vs Wind velocity shows that at zero velocity the
power output is zero and further the graph follows a parabolic curvature. From 0 to 2
m/s wind velocity the power output is nearly constant but from 8 to 10 m/s it
increases rapidly from 7.4 KW to approximately 15 KW.
• The graph between current output at load condition vs varying pitch angle shows that
as the pitch angle increases the current output decreases. At 00 pitch angle current
output is maximum & approximately 220 mA & least at 450. From 180 to 270 pitch
angle the current drops rapidly due to bypassing of air attacking the blades.

Conclusion
Energy is a major input for overall economic development of any society. The prices of
the fossil fuels are steeply increasing so renewable are expected to play a key role. One
of such renewable is wind energy. [5]
Wind energy is pollution free and nature friendly. Wind turbine has very good potential
and it is fastest growing energy source[6],Since available wind potential can contribute
five times the world energy demand and 95 % of the existing turbines are Horizontal
Axis Wind Turbine due to its greater effectiveness & energy production rate, no hidden
cost and low maintenance costs.
References
[1]“Non Conventional Energy Sources”,By
Dr.R.K.Rajput.(R K Rajput & SONS Publication)
[2] Discussion Forum for wind other renewable energy
Source(www.fieldlines.com)
[3] www.ec.europa.eu/.../nn_rt_wind/article_1101_en.htm
[4] Power Coefficient of wind turbines, “Non Conventional Energy Sources”,By
. Dr.R.K.Singhal.(S K KATARIA & SONS Publication)
[5] Optimal pitch for untwisted blade horizontal axis wind turbine
www.ecn.nl/wind/other/IEA/index.en.html
[6] Versteeg,K.H.and Malalasekera,W.(1995)An introduction to computational fluid
dynamics thefinite volume method,Longman Scientific & Technical.
Contact person : Aditya kumar Verma
aditya862@gmail.com
aditya05umrao@yahoo.co.in