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Abstract - This paper presents an converter (abbreviated as V-source converter)
impedance-source inverter fed (or Z – structure.
source converter) induction motor and its
control characteristics compared with other
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traditional inverters. The impedance source
inverter employs a unique impedance
network coupled with inverter main circuit
and rectifier; it overcomes the conceptual
and theoretical barriers and limitations of
the traditional voltage-source converter
(abbreviated as V-source converter) and
current-source converter (abbreviated as I- Fig. 1. Traditional V- source inverter
source converter). By controlling the shoot-
through duty cycle, the z-source inverter A DC voltage source supported by a relatively
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system provide ride-through capability large capacitor feeds the main converter
during voltage sags, reduces line harmonics, circuit, a three-phase bridge. The dc voltage
improves power factor and high reliability, source can be a battery, fuel-cell stack, diode
and extends output voltage range. rectifier, and/or capacitor. Six Switches are
Simulation and experimental results are used in the main circuit; each is traditionally
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There exist two traditional converters: voltage- The ac output voltage is limited below
source (or voltage-fed) and current-source (or and cannot exceed the dc-rail voltage or
current-fed) converters (or inverters depending the dc-rail voltage has to be greater
on power flow directions). Fig. 1 shows the than the ac input voltage. Therefore, the
traditional three-phase voltage-source V-source inverter is a buck (step-down)
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Fig. 2. Traditional I- source inverter
phase leg cannot be gated on
simultaneously either by purpose or by However, the current (I) -source converter
EMI noise. Otherwise, a shoot-through has the following conceptual and theoretical
would occur and destroy the devices. barriers and limitations.
The shoot-through problem by
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electromagnetic interference (EMI)
noise’s misgating-on is a major killer to
the converter’s reliability. Dead time to
block both upper and lower devices has
to be provided in the V-source
converter, which causes waveform
The ac output voltage has to be greater
than the original dc voltage that feeds
the dc inductor or the dc voltage
produced is always smaller than the ac
input voltage. Therefore, the I-source
distortion, etc. inverter is a boost inverter for dc-to-ac
power conversion and the I-source
An output LC filter is needed for converter is a buck rectifier (or buck
providing a sinusoidal voltage
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converter) for ac-to-dc power
compared with the current-source conversion. For applications where a
inverter, which causes additional power wide voltage range is desirable, an
loss and control complexity. additional dc–dc buck (or boost)
converter is needed. The additional
Fig. 2 shows the traditional three-phase power conversion stage increases
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In addition, both the V-source converter and inverter) to the dc source, load, or another
the I-source converter have the following converter. The dc source/or load can be either a
common problems. voltage or a current source/or load. Therefore,
the dc source can be a battery, diode rectifier,
thyristor converter, fuel cell, an inductor, a
They are either a boost or a buck capacitor, or a combination of those. Switches
converter and cannot be a buck–boost used in the converter can be a combination of
converter. That is, their obtainable switching devices and diodes such as the
output voltage range is limited to either antiparallel combination as shown in Fig. 1, the
greater or smaller than the input series combination as shown in Fig. 2, etc. The
voltage. inductance and can be provided through a split
inductor or two separate inductors.
Their main circuits cannot be
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interchangeable. In other words, neither The Z – source employs a unique
the V-source converter main circuit can impedance network (or circuit) to couple the
be used for the I-source converter, nor converter main circuit to the power source,
vice versa. load, or another converter, for providing
unique features that cannot be observed in the
upper DC rail and lower rail are shorted the upper and lower driver signals. Shown in
together. In ST state the two inductors are fig 4, the upper and lower driver signals can be
being charged by the capacitors and in non- derived by properly level shifting the
shoot-through (NST) states the inductors and modulation signals of voltage source inverter
input DC source transfer energy to the (VSI). The shifting values are set properly so
capacitors and load. This process is similar to as to ensure the occupied duration of the two
the boost converter. null states are the same. The feature of this
Seen from the AC side the ST states are the modulation strategy is that the transition times
same with null states, so by replacing the null in one switching cycle is the same with VSI,
states with ST states, the boost function of ZSI the ST state is divided into six parts and the
is achieved [2]. The DC link voltage of the equivalent switching frequency of impedance
bridge of ZSI can be expressed in [3]. network is six times of switching frequency so
the volume of inductors could be reduced
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VR dramatically.
VI(ZSI) = (1)
1 2d o
3
dO = 1 - . m ZSI (3) Simulations have been performed to confirm
2 the above analysis. Fig. 5 shows the circuit
configuration of Z – source inverter fed
There are typically two categories of PWM induction motor and Fig. 6 shows simulation
strategies for ZSI according to the different ST waveforms when the input source voltage is
state insertion methods. The first category of 230V. Output of the rectifier is shown in Fig.
PWM strategy is proposed in [5,6]. The 6.(b). Speed of the motor is shown in Fig 6.(c).
principle of this method is that the ST states FFT analysis is given in Fig 6.(d). THD in the
are inserted at every transition by overlapping output is 5.73%.
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(a) (c)
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(b) (d)
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V. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
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A 0.5 KW, 3 – Φ Induction Motor drive is
fabricated and tested in the laboratory. The
hard ware consists of power circuit and control
circuit. The power circuit uses MOSFET’S
(IRF 840) and Z – network. The control circuit
uses 8 – bit Atmel µC 89C2051. This has 15
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programmable I/O lines, tow 16 – bit timers, 6
interrupt sources & one UART channel. This
chip has built in analog comparator. It can (b)
work in lower power ideal and power down Fig. 7 (a) Driving pulses (b) Line voltage with motor
load
modes. The pulses are generated using the µC
Top view of Hardware is shown in fig – 7.
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V. CONCLUSIONS
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– Source inverter,” 2005 IEEE 36th Power
Electronic Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.
05CH37659C), PP. 1692 – 8/ CD – ROM, 2005. Dr. P Sangameswara Raju is
currently working as professor in
[4]. M. S. Shen, J. Wang, A. Joseph, Z. Peng, L. M.
ES E.E.E. Department, S.V.University,
Tolbert, and D.J. Adams, “ Constant boost control A.P, India. His research work is on
of the Z – source inverter to minimize current ripple Power systems operation and control,
and voltage stress,” IEEE Transactions an Industry Electrical distribution systems,
Applications, vol. 42, pp. 770 – 778, May – Jun Artificial Intelligence systems and
2006. control of Induction motor drives.
He presented no of papers in various International /
[5]. P. C. Loh, D. M. Vilathgamuwa, Y. Sen Lai, G. T. National Conferences/Journals.
Chua, and Y. W. Li, “ Pulse – width modulation of
Z – source inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Power
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Electronics, vol. 20. pp. 1346 – 1355, Nov 2005. G V P Anjaneyulu has obtained his B.E. degree from
Andhra University, A.P. , India in 2005. He obtained
[6]. M. S. Shen, J. Wang, A. Joseph, Z. Peng, L. M. his M.Tech degree from NIT Calicut, Kerala in 2009.
Tolbert, and D.J. Adams, “ Constant boost control Currently working as Lecturer in EEE department,
of the Z – source inverter to minimize current ripple E.V.M.C.E.T.
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