WiMax MIMO Circuit

and System Design

Presenter: Eldon Staggs

Authors:Jim DeLap, John

Borelli, Tony Donisi,
Eldon Staggs
Ansoft Corporation
 Mobile WiMax System
• WiMax System Modeling
– Behavioral, Circuit and Physical

Baseband Transmitter S xx ( f ) RF Transmitter

SP

SP
S xx ( f )
Fcarrier=2.5GHz

SP
SP
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz

Preamble_Insertion1 45
IFFT
SP

SP

-45
Preamble
Pilot_Null_Insertion2 FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz
I R
Alamouti Encoder
[-s2* s1]
FU=2.7GHz
Power FU=2.7GHz
BSRC
RANDOM
Q I
RITOC [s2 s1]
[s1* s2]
OFDM_Tx Fcarrier=2.5GHz
Amp T/R Switch
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz
45
IFFT
SP -45

FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz

Channel
FU=2.7GHz FU=2.7GHz

Fcarrier=2.5GHz

AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
LNA
SP

SP

45
FFT
-45
Preamble_Removal1 CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
Alamouti Decoder FU=2.7GHz
I R r2

SP
Q I
CTORI [~s2 ~s1]
r1
OFDM_Rx Fcarrier=2.5GHz T/R Switch
Null_Remover1
h22 h12 h21 h11 AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
h22 h12 h21 h11
45
FFT
-45
CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
FU=2.7GHz

Baseband Receiver
RF Receiver
SP

SP

SP
 Agenda
Introduction to Mobile WiMax

System Architecture

MIMO Antennas

Receiver Circuit

Integration

Conclusion
 WiMAX - Mid Range IEEE Communication Standard
Range Standard

> 10 Km Wide Area Networks •Last mile broadband wireless access

• 40Mbps capacity up to 10km

802.16
< 10 Km Metro Area Networks •OFDM with QPSK/QAM16/QAM64

• Fixed, Portable (walking) and

Mobile (in car) options
< 100 m Local Area Networks

today

< 10 m Personal Area Networks • 63Mbps peak capacity up to

802.16e 3km at 2.3,2.5 or 3.5GHz

• No line-of-sight required
<1m Body Area Networks
Our
Our focus
focus today
today is
is Mobile
Mobile WiMAX,
WiMAX, aa standard
standard designed
designed to
to enable
enable high
high data
data rate
rate
applications
applications such
such asas the
the wireless
wireless Internet.
Internet.
 WiMAX Architecture Based on 2 Core Features:
MIMO & OFDM
Our
Our examples
examples today
today will
will illustrate
illustrate how
how MIMO
MIMO and
and OFDM
OFDM can
can be
be simulated.
simulated.

1. MIMO (Multiple Inputs Multiple Output = Many Antennas)

– Advantage: More antennas means more data or reliability. For example,
if 2 TX and RX antennas are present, then data rate should double.
Data rates will scale linearly.

– Challenge: How to design system so that interactions between multiple

TX and RX are minimized.
Solutions, thus far, have emphasized 4 diversity schemes:

…
⎡ S1 S2 ⎤
C=⎢
⎣− S 2
*
S 1* ⎥⎦

#1: #2: #3: #4: Space Time Coding

 WiMAX Architecture Based on 2 Core Features:
MIMO & OFDM
Our
Our examples
examples today
today will
will illustrate
illustrate how
how MIMO
MIMO and
and OFDM
OFDM can
can be
be simulated.
simulated.

2. OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

– Advantages:
→ Relative immunity to multi-path effects
→ Multiplexing schemes, using IFFT & FFT, are easily implemented
→ Low sensitivity to time synchronization errors
→ Tuned sub-channel receiver filters are not required (unlike
conventional FDM)

– Challenges:
→ Sensitive to Doppler shift
→ Sensitive to frequency synchronization
→ High peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR), requiring more
expensive transmitter circuitry, and possibly lowering power
efficiency
 Mobile WiMax Details
• Flexibility
– All aspects can change dynamically to suit the channel

• WiMax MIMO 2x2 Configuration

– Beamforming
– Spatial Multiplexing
• Complicated algorithms for data rate increase
• Data rate scales with min(Ntx,Nrx) antennas
– Space Time Coding

…
• Diversity gain with easy implementation

• OFDM Implementation
– Sub-carrier and Symbol times fixed
– BW usage dictated by IFFT length
– Downlink Data Rate
 System Architecture
Behavioral
Behavioral

Baseband Transmitter S xx ( f ) RF Transmitter

SP

SP
S xx ( f )
Fcarrier=2.5GHz

SP
SP
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz

Preamble_Insertion1 45
IFFT
SP

SP

-45
Preamble
Pilot_Null_Insertion2 FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz
I R
Alamouti Encoder
[-s2* s1]
FU=2.7GHz
Power FU=2.7GHz
BSRC
RANDOM
Q I
RITOC [s2 s1]
[s1* s2]
OFDM_Tx Fcarrier=2.5GHz
Amp T/R Switch
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz
45
IFFT
SP -45

FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz

Channel
FU=2.7GHz FU=2.7GHz

Fcarrier=2.5GHz

AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
LNA
SP

SP

45
FFT
-45
Preamble_Removal1 CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
Alamouti Decoder FU=2.7GHz
I R r2

SP
Q I
CTORI [~s2 ~s1]
r1
OFDM_Rx Fcarrier=2.5GHz T/R Switch
Null_Remover1
h22 h12 h21 h11 AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
h22 h12 h21 h11
45
FFT
-45
CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
FU=2.7GHz

Baseband Receiver
RF Receiver
SP

SP

SP
 Baseband Modeling
• OFDM Modeling
– Guard Band
– Cyclic Prefix
• Delay Spread & Multipath Immunity

• QAM Modulation

SP

S xx( f )
SP
CCONST
CMUX

– 4/16/64 Supported
BSRC CYCLIC_PREFIX
RANDOM
CMUX IFFT
CCONST
CMUX
BSRC
RANDOM

SP
 Baseband Modeling
• Channel Detection
– Excite Transmit Antennas separately

…
• Initial frequency estimation
– Pilots
• Dynamic estimation
Preamble_Insertion2 U2
CYCLIC_PREFIX Channel3
Preamble
Pilot_Null_Insertion1 IFFT
Alamouti Encoder
h11
I R [-s2* s1] h21
BSRC
RITOC [s2 s1]
RANDOM CYCLIC_PREFIX h12
Q I [s1* s2]
h22
Tx Rx
IFFT

Preamble_Removal2
Null_Remover2 FFT
Alamouti Decoder
I R r2
CYCLIC_REMOVE
CTORI [~s2 ~s1]
SP
Q I r1

FFT
h22 h12 h21 h11

h22 h12 h21 h11 CYCLIC_REMOVE

 Baseband Modeling
• Space Time Coding
– Orthogonal Alamouti Codes
⎡ S1 S2 ⎤
C=⎢
⎣− S 2
*
S 1* ⎥⎦ ~ Mr
S 1 = ∑ (hj1* ⋅ rj[0] + hj 2 ⋅ rj[1]* )

…
j =1
Mr
~
S 2 = ∑ (hj 2* ⋅ rj[0] + hj1 ⋅ rj[1]* )
• SISO vs MIMO j =1

– Diversity gain SP

SP

SP

SP
U2
Channel

Alamouti Encoder Alamouti Decoder

h11
I R [-s2* s1] h21
r1 R I
BSRC
RITOC [s2 s1] [~s2 ~s1] CTORI
RANDOM h12
Q I [s1* s2] r2 I Q
h22 ber_stc
Tx Rx

BERP

SP
SP

SP

SP
 MIMO Antenna Design
Physical
Physical

Baseband Transmitter S xx ( f ) RF Transmitter

SP

SP
S xx ( f )
Fcarrier=2.5GHz

SP
SP
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz

Preamble_Insertion1 45
IFFT
SP

SP

-45
Preamble
Pilot_Null_Insertion2 FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz
I R
Alamouti Encoder
[-s2* s1]
FU=2.7GHz
Power FU=2.7GHz
BSRC
RANDOM
Q I
RITOC [s2 s1]
[s1* s2]
OFDM_Tx Fcarrier=2.5GHz
Amp T/R Switch
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz
45
IFFT
SP -45

FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz

Channel
FU=2.7GHz FU=2.7GHz

Fcarrier=2.5GHz

AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
LNA
SP

SP

45
FFT
-45
Preamble_Removal1 CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
Alamouti Decoder FU=2.7GHz
I R r2

SP
Q I
CTORI [~s2 ~s1]
r1
OFDM_Rx Fcarrier=2.5GHz T/R Switch
Null_Remover1
h22 h12 h21 h11 AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
h22 h12 h21 h11
45
FFT
-45
CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
FU=2.7GHz

Baseband Receiver
RF Receiver
SP

SP

SP
 WiMax Physical Channel
• Simplified Channel Model
– Path Loss with Friis Transmission equation
⎛ λ ⎞
2
– Non-Ideal effects often ignored Pr
= GtGr ⎜ ⎟
• Element coupling, Mismatch, Orientation Pt ⎝ 4πR ⎠
– Single value for Antenna gains

⎛ λ ⎞
2
Pr * 2 −αR
= Gt (θt , φr )Gr (θt , φr )⎜ ⎟ (1 − Γt )(1 − Γr ) at ⋅ ar e
2 2

Pt ⎝ 4π R ⎠

• More Accurate Channel Model

– Full-wave 3D EM modeling with HFSS
– System Non-linearities
• Multi-path, Fading, etc.
 WiMax Physical Channel
• Antenna Configurations
– SISO and full 2x2 MIMO
– Designs centered at 2.5GHz

• Mobile Station
– Laptop with WiMax Modem PC Card
– Simple Radiating Mononpoles

• Base Station
– Reflector backed Dipoles
 Mobile Station Antenna
• Tuned Monopole
• Monopole Response
– Far Field
– Return Loss
 Base Station Antenna
• Reflector Backed Dipole
– Optimized for Directivity
• Dipole Response
– Far Field
– Return Loss
 Link Simulation
• Physical Channel
– Antennas modeled
– How to simulate link between?

• Utilize Ansoft HFSS Datalink

– Fields from one drive another
– Large separation without modeling air
 HFSS Datalink
• Source Fields of Radiation Boundary
– Imposed on target model with loss and phase

Source
Source Model
Model Target
Target Model
Model
 MIMO Datalink
Fields from Source model radiation BC
Mapped to target model using a Far Field
Incident Wave

Laptop Model with Dual Monopoles

BS Model with Dual Dipoles and reflector

MIMO Physical Channel
Datalink
 MIMO Physical Channel
Circuit Model
• HFSS-HFSS Datalink maps fields from a
source volume to the target volume
• Q: How does this translate to a working
circuit model ?
• A: Utilize the [Z] matrix in Nexxim
1. Excite each antenna in system with a 1 A current source
2. Using Datalink, measure O.C. voltage at all the other antennas
3. Construct [Z] matrix from Voltages
 MIMO Physical Channel
Circuit Model
• Voltage values extracted as real/imaginary
pairs Vi
• Assembled into [Z] matrix Z ij =
Ij
I k =0,k ≠ j
 WiMax Circuit Design

Baseband Transmitter S xx ( f ) RF Transmitter

SP

SP
S xx ( f )
Fcarrier=2.5GHz

SP
SP
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz

Preamble_Insertion1 45
IFFT
SP

SP

-45
Preamble
Pilot_Null_Insertion2 FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz
I R
Alamouti Encoder
[-s2* s1]
FU=2.7GHz
Power FU=2.7GHz
BSRC
RANDOM
Q I
RITOC [s2 s1]
[s1* s2]
OFDM_Tx Fcarrier=2.5GHz
Amp T/R Switch
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz
45
IFFT
SP -45

FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz

Channel
FU=2.7GHz FU=2.7GHz

Fcarrier=2.5GHz

AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
LNA
SP

SP

45
FFT
-45
Preamble_Removal1 CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
Alamouti Decoder FU=2.7GHz
I R r2

SP
Q I
CTORI [~s2 ~s1]
r1
OFDM_Rx Fcarrier=2.5GHz T/R Switch
Null_Remover1
h22 h12 h21 h11 AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
h22 h12 h21 h11
45
FFT
-45
CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
FU=2.7GHz

Baseband Receiver
RF Receiver
SP

SP

SP

Circuit
Circuit
 Antenna/Circuit Test Bench
• 2x2 MIMO Channel
• Dual Receiver
– 2.5GHz to Baseband
 WiMax Single RX Block Diagram
• Receiver per Antenna
– Variable Gain LNA
– Active Balun
– IQ Mixer
– Baseband Filter
– AGC

• UMC 0.13um CMOS

 WiMax Receiver
• Variable-Gain LNA
– 2-stage, inductively-loaded cascode topology
– output follower stage gain control. AVDD

Ibias

do=149u
s=1.8u
w=5.2u
nt=7
do=149u
s=1.8u
w=5.2u
nt=5

l_cr20k_rf
p_ls=4.57n
l_cr20k_rf
p_ls=3.42n
U31 l=2u
Nexxim8 w=10u n_bpw_12_rf
cox_m=1710.5f
varmis_12_rf

nf=8 mimcaps_rf
m=1 c_tot_m=10.174p

AVDD Ibias mimcaps_rf

l=100u n_bpw_12_rf lf=0.12u
PD PD mimcaps_rf c_tot_m=0.754p wf=1.8u
n_bpw_12_rf w=100u
AGND1 c_tot_m=0.754p M=1 nf=16
M=1 mimcaps_rf

l=20u
l=26.6u

w=2u
wt=28.8u c_tot_m=10.128p
r_zbt_m=9.96k

r_zbt_m=9.96k

m=1
w=26.6u lf=0.12u
l=20u

l=26.6u M=1 RFou

rnhr_rf

w=2u

rnhr_rf
wf=3u
m=1

w=26.6u
lf=0.12u nf=16

l=20u
M=1 l=99.77u

w=2u
r_zbt_m=9.96k
wf=3u

m=1
AGND1 M=4 w=99.77u
2mA nf=16 M=1

rnhr_rf
wt=48u
M=4
wt=48u

n_bpw_12_rf

nt=7.5
s=2.5u n_bpw_12_rf lf=0.12u
mimcaps_rf mimcaps_rf nt=7.5 w=2.7u wf=1.8u
c_tot_m=0.669p c_tot_m=1.286p s=2.5u n_bpw_12_rf do=150u nf=16
w=2.5u M=1
RFin do=150u
wt=28.8u
l=25u l=35u p_ls=7.13n lf=0.12u
w=25u w=35u l_cr20k_rf wf=3u
M=1 M=1 p_ls=7.42n lf=0.12u nf=16
s=2.52u

l_cr20k_rf wf=3u M=4

w=5.7u
do=150u

nf=16 wt=48u
nt=7.5

M=4 n_bpw_12_rf
wt=48u
p_ls=3.82n
l_cr20k_rf

do=75u
s=2.5u
w=5.6u
nt=2.5
AGND1 lf=0.12u
do=75u
s=1.79u
w=6.3u

wf=1.8u
nt=3

nf=16

l_cr20k_rf
p_ls=0.38n
M=1
l_cr20k_rf

wt=28.8u
p_ls=0.43n
AGND

12mA 12mA

GC
 WiMax Receiver
• I-Q Mixer
– Dual, resistively-loaded Gilbert Cell cores
– Folded RF feeds AVDDM

m=1
nf=8
w=10u
l=2u

cox_m=1710.5f
varmis_12_rf

m=8.5
w=2u
l=20u

m=1
w=2u
l=20u

m=1
w=2u
l=20u

m=1
w=2u
l=20u

m=1
w=2u
l=20u

m=8.5
w=2u
l=20u
r_zbt_m=1.172k

r_zbt_m=9.96k

r_zbt_m=9.96k

r_zbt_m=9.96k

r_zbt_m=9.96k

r_zbt_m=1.172k
rnhr_rf

rnhr_rf

rnhr_rf

rnhr_rf

rnhr_rf

rnhr_rf
c_tot_m=1.851p
mimcaps_rf

Ibias

U98
Nexxim15
l=35.7u
w=50u
M=1

m=1
w=2u
l=20u

m=1
w=2u
l=20u
AVDD Ibias
r_zbt_m=9.96k

r_zbt_m=9.96k
PD

m=1
nf=8
w=10u
l=2u

rnhr_rf

rnhr_rf
PD
AGND1
cox_m=1710.5f
varmis_12_rf

IFn

IFp
mimcaps_rf n_bpw_12_rf n_bpw_12_rf n_bpw_12_rf n_bpw_12_rf M=1
c_tot_m=10.174p w=100u
RFp

l=100u

RFn
l=100u
w=100u c_tot_m=10.174p
M=1 lf=0.12u lf=0.12u lf=0.12u lf=0.12u
wf=5u wf=5u wf=5u wf=5u mimcaps_rf
nf=16 nf=16 nf=16 nf=16
M=1 M=1 M=1 M=1
wt=80u wt=80u wt=80u wt=80u
m=1
w=2u
l=20u

m=1
w=2u
l=20u
r_zbt_m=9.96k

r_zbt_m=9.96k
rnhr_rf

rnhr_rf
n_bpw_12_rf n_bpw_12_rf

lf=0.12u lf=0.12u
wf=5u wf=5u
nf=16 nf=16
M=4 M=4
wt=80u wt=80u
 WiMax Receiver
• Baseband Filter & AGC
– Buffered active (gm-C)/passive bandpass
– Integrated Automatic Gain Control.

VDD
p_12_rf p_12_rf p_12_rf p_12_rf

lf=0.15u lf=0.15u lf=0.15u lf=0.15u

wf =9.6u wf=9.6u wf =9.6u wf=9.6u
nf=12 nf=12 nf=12 nf=12
M=7 M=1 M=1 M=7
wt=115.2u wt=115.2u wt=115.2u wt=115.2u

p_12_rf p_12_rf p_12_rf p_12_rf

I350u
lf=0.2u lf=0.3u lf=0.3u lf =0.2u

Vctrln Vctrlp
wf=9.6u wf =9.6u wf=9.6u wf=9.6u
nf=12 nf=12 nf=12 nf =12
M=10 M=14 M=14 M=10
wt=115.2u wt=115.2u wt=115.2u wt=115.2u

0
GNDdump GNDdump n_12_rf
l=10u
LPF_Vtun w=1u
m=1
rnhr_rf
r_zbt_m=10.089k
rnhr_rf
r_zbt_m=10.089k
n_12_rf n_12_rf rnhr_rf
r_zbt_m=10.089k
rnhr_rf
r_zbt_m=10.089k
net_cm net_cm
Ioutn rnhr_rf lf=0.2u
l=10u Ioutp l=10u l=10u
U386 w=1u r_zbt_m=0.124k w=1u w=1u wf=7.2u
m=1 lf=0.2u lf=0.2u m=1 m=1 nf=8
wf=7.2u wf =7.2u M=2
Vsense VDD
n_12_rf nf=16 nf=16 n_12_rf
CMamp11 l=5.3u wt=57.6u
M=2 w=2u M=2 n_12_rf
Vout wt=115.2u m=20 wt=115.2u
CMref Vref Vfb n_12_rf n_12_rf Vf b
AVDD I50u_s GND lf=0.3u
wf=7.2u
lf =0.3u
wf=7.2u
Bias
nf=16 Bias nf =16 lf=0.2u
M=4 M=4 wf=7.2u
lf=0.2u lf=0.2u nf=10
wt=115.2u wf=7.2u wf=7.2u wt=115.2u
GND M=1
nf=10 nf=10 wt=72u
M=2 M=2
wt=72u wt=72u
V1560 V1563 V1564 V1565 V1566 V1567
I50u_cm
Vin Vinn
I50u_cm1
I350u_stg2i
U154 U155 U156 U158 U161 U163
HPF18 LPF10
BBIp

VDD I250u
Vtun VDD I350u VDD
VDD Vin
I50u_cm I350u VDD I500u_tia I300u VDD

Inp Outp Inp Outp Vin Vout Inp Outp Ioutp

Iinp Voutp

IOutp IOutn
Stg20 HPF19 Stg21 OpStg14
BBIn

Inn Outn Inn Outn Inn Outn Iinn Voutn

Vinn Voutn Vinn Ioutn
PD GND GND Bias PD GND

GNDdump
CMref
Vctrlp
Vctrln
GNDdump
Vctrlp

Vctrln

GND GND
 WiMax RX Linearity Metrics
• Compression
– Single RF & LO to baseband

• Third Order Intercept

– Two RF & Single LO
– Swept & Spectral Response
 Integration
Behavioral
Behavioral Physical
Physical

Baseband Transmitter S xx ( f ) RF Transmitter

SP

SP
S xx ( f )
Fcarrier=2.5GHz

SP
SP
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz

Preamble_Insertion1 45
IFFT
SP

SP

-45
Preamble
Pilot_Null_Insertion2 FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz
I R
Alamouti Encoder
[-s2* s1]
FU=2.7GHz
Power FU=2.7GHz
BSRC
RANDOM
Q I
RITOC [s2 s1]
[s1* s2]
OFDM_Tx Fcarrier=2.5GHz
Amp T/R Switch
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz
45
IFFT
SP -45

FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz

Channel
FU=2.7GHz FU=2.7GHz

Fcarrier=2.5GHz

AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
LNA
SP

SP

45
FFT
-45
Preamble_Removal1 CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
Alamouti Decoder FU=2.7GHz
I R r2

SP
Q I
CTORI [~s2 ~s1]
r1
OFDM_Rx Fcarrier=2.5GHz T/R Switch
Null_Remover1
h22 h12 h21 h11 AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
h22 h12 h21 h11
45
FFT
-45
CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
FU=2.7GHz

Baseband Receiver
RF Receiver
SP

SP

SP

Circuit
Circuit
 Complete WiMax System
• Baseband Tx/Rx Behavioral
Behavioral
– QAM, STC Encoder/Decoder, OFDM
• RF Tx/Rx Circuit
Circuit ++ Behavioral
Behavioral
– Quadrature Mixing, Amplification, Filtering
• Channel
Physical
Physical
– SISO & MIMO, Link, Noise

Baseband Transmitter S xx ( f ) RF Transmitter

SP

SP

S xx ( f )
Fcarrier=2.5GHz

SP
SP
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz

Preamble_Insertion1 45
IFFT
SP

SP

-45
Preamble
Pilot_Null_Insertion2 FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz
Alamouti Encoder
I R [-s2* s1]
FU=2.7GHz
Power FU=2.7GHz
BSRC
RANDOM
Q I
RITOC [s2 s1]
[s1* s2]
OFDM_Tx Fcarrier=2.5GHz
Amp T/R Switch
CYCLIC_PREFIX Fcutoff=10MHz
45
IFFT
SP -45

FL=2.3GHz 0.5 FL=2.3GHz

Channel
FU=2.7GHz FU=2.7GHz

Fcarrier=2.5GHz

AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
LNA
SP

SP

45
FFT
-45
Preamble_Removal1 CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
Alamouti Decoder FU=2.7GHz
I R r2

SP
Q I
CTORI [~s2 ~s1]
r1
OFDM_Rx Fcarrier=2.5GHz T/R Switch
Null_Remover1
h22 h12 h21 h11 AGC_Gain=100 Fcutoff=10MHz
h22 h12 h21 h11
45
FFT
-45
CYCLIC_REMOVE
0.5 FL=2.3GHz
FU=2.7GHz

Baseband Receiver
RF Receiver
SP

SP

SP
 Complete WiMax System
• Behavioral and Physical
– SISO vs MIMO (Diversity gain)
– EVM Distortion

• Circuit and Physical

– Nonlinear interactions
– Loading effects

• Behavioral, Physical and Circuit

– BER distortion
– Multipath degradation
 Conclusion
• WiMax System Modeling
– HFSS dynamic link for Channel
– Nexxim for NL circuit impact
– Unique Integration of Physical, Circuit & Behavioral

• HFSS, Nexxim & Designer together help you pave

the way for:

First Pass System Success

 References
• [1] IEEE Std 802.16-14 Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
Systems
• [2] IEEE Std 802.16e-2005 Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless
Access Systems
• [3] Mobile WiMax – Part I: A Technical Overview and Performance
Evaluation
– WiMax Forum
• [4]MIMO System Technology for Wireless Communications
– By George Tsoulos
• [5] Digital Communications by Bernard Sklar
• [6] OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications
– by Richard van Nee and Ramjee Prasad, Artech House Publishers
• [7] The suitability of OFDM as a modulation technique for wireless
telecommunications, with a CDMA comparison
– by Eric Lawrey, October 1997
• [8] Modeling an Advance Communication System based on OFDM
– By Eldon Staggs, September 2000