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(c) Fig. 4.1 shows the effect of an antibiotic on a species of disease-causing bacterium.
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(e) State two ways in which the structure of a bacterium differs from the structure of a virus.
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2. Fig. 4.1 shows the change in percentage of disease-causing bacteria that were resistant to the antibiotic penicillin from
1991 to 1995.
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(a) (i) Describe the change in the percentage of bacteria resistant to penicillin between 1991 and 1995.
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(b) Although bacteria can cause disease, many species are useful in processes such as food production and maintaining
soil fertility.
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Complete the table below by identifying one of the stages shown in Fig. 4.2 that matches each description.
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3. The antibiotic penicillin is produced by fungi that are grown in a fermenter, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The process is similar
to the manufacture of enzymes.
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(a) (i) Name the two raw materials likely to be present in the feedstock.
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(iii) Suggest the name of the main gas present in the waste gases.
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(b) During the fermenting process, the temperature in the container would rise unless steps are taken to maintain a
constant temperature.
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(iii) Explain why a constant temperature has to be maintained.
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(iv) Using the information from Fig. 3.1, suggest how a constant temperature is maintained.
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(b) Seven small paper discs were soaked in solutions of different antibiotics, A to G.
The paper discs were placed on an agar plate which was evenly covered with growing bacteria. This was left for a short
time. The results are shown in Fig. 3.4.
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[Total: 4] 0610/62/M/J/10
IGCSE Programme
Biology 0610
Test
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Name: ________________________ Class: ____ Date: __ / __ / _____ First Semester 2010
Topic: Bacteria. Mark: out of [40] Duration: (45 min)
(a) drug / medicine(AW) / chemical / substance ; medicine / AW e.g. ‘(antibiotic) used to treat
produced by microorganisms ; infection’ is worth a mark
A ref to idea of synthetic analogues A examples e.g. penicillin qualified
kills / stops, growth of, bacteria / other microbes ; ‘penicillin is an antibiotic that kills bacteria/AW’
would gain 2 marks
[2] penicillin alone cannot score
R viruses
(c) resistant bacteria, survive / not killed / are selected for / selection pressure ; R references to immunity as
eventually, all / many, become resistant ; alternative to
AVP ; e.g. any consequence of overuse / antibiotic no longer effective ; [max resistance
2]
(e) assume answer is about bacteria unless told otherwise, accept ora / R nucleus in bacteria
AVP for viruses e.g. capsid IGNORE composition of cell wall
bacteria have cells ;
cell wall ;
cell membrane ;
cytoplasm ;
ribosome(s) ;
flagellum ;
capsule ;
AVP ;
[max 2]
2.
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3.
- Classification of Bacteria
- Genetic Engineering
- Uses of bacteria and about the antibiotic penicillin, its manufacture, mechanism of action.