Unità

78 Verbo + complemento oggetto + -ing o infinito

The doctor kept me waiting for hours. They asked me to go with them.

A Uso e forma
Alcuni dei verbi che sono seguiti dalla forma -ing o dall’infinito hanno anche un complemento
oggetto. Alcuni di questi verbi devono avere sempre un complemento oggetto ed alcuni altri
possono averlo oppure no a seconda di come sono usati. Qui di seguito sono elencati i verbi
di questo tipo più comunemente usati.

B Verbo + complemento oggetto + -ing

i Hear, notice e see devono sempre avere un complemento oggetto.
ii Can’t stand, (can’t) imagine, dislike, hate, keep, (don’t) like, (don’t) mind,
remember, risk e stop possono essere usati con o senza un complemento oggetto.
I can hear someone singing. I saw Carlos going into the supermarket.
I don’t remember you taking this photo of me.

C Verbo + complemento oggetto + infinito

i Advise, allow, bribe, cause, challenge, enable, encourage, force, inspire, invite, leave,
order, persuade, remind, teach (how), tell, train, trust, urge e warn devono avere un
complemento oggetto.
ii Ask, beg, choose, dare, expect, help, need, want, would like/love/hate/prefer possono
essere usati con o senza un complemento oggetto.
I advise you to listen carefully. What do you want us to do?
The teacher told us not to be late. The teacher warned us not to be late again.
Nota che molti di questi verbi si usano per riferire ciò che qualcuno ha detto.
Vedi unità 99 per altri verbi che introducono il discorso indiretto.

D Let, make e help

i Dopo let e make si usa il complemento oggetto + forma base del verbo.
My parents made me go to bed, but they let me read for a while. The film made me cry.
Nota che spesso let e make sono usati in senso causativo, con il significato di ‘far fare
qualcosa a qualcuno’. Let equivale a lasciare/permettere, mentre make corrisponde a
obbligare/costringere.
She made me do extra homework for punishment.
Mi fece (obbligò a) fare dei compiti in più per punizione.
She let me do an easy homework task.
Mi fece (lasciò) fare un compito facile.
ii Si può usare anche help allo stesso modo.
Tom’s going to help me do my homework. Can you help me tidy up?
Vedi unità 56 e 89 per altri usi di let e make.

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1 Leggi questi commenti sul rapporto genitori-figli. Completali usando
i verbi in corsivo all’infinito, alla forma base o alla forma -ing.
0 My parents always made me do my homework. do
1 My parents only let me at the weekend go out
2 As a child, I hated people me what to do. tell
3 My parents always allowed me to bed as late as I wanted. go
4 I always helped my parents the housework. do
5 My parents taught me positive about life. be
6 My parents never made me my room. It was great! tidy
7 I can’t imagine my parents young. be
8 My parents always tried to stop me the internet so much. use
9 My parents always encouraged me myself. be
10 My parents always expected me to university. go
2 Riferisci quanto è stato detto usando i verbi in corsivo e il pronome adatto.
0 Can you help 2 Please go 4 You should do
me, please? shopping with me. more exercise.

OK.

1 3 5

Don’t forget to Please, please Take a seat,

phone Silvia. tell me. please.

0 He asked her to help him. ask 3 beg

1 remind 4 advise
2 persuade 5 ask
3 Completa le frasi usando It makes/made me … e le espressioni del riquadro.
cry feel sick jump want to leave work harder
0 The weather in this place is awful. It makes me want to leave.
1 The film was so sad.
2 I failed an exam.
3 The food was disgusting.
4 I suddenly heard a loud bang.
4 Che cosa ti infastidisce? Scrivi delle frasi vere per te usando la parola people e i verbi del riquadro.
can’t stand don’t like don’t mind
0 use their mobile on the bus I can’t stand people using their mobile on the bus.
1 chewing gum all the time
2 kiss in public
3 play loud music in public
4 eat in the street

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 Unità

164 Coesione: addizione

I also phoned Mike. Shall I invite Sam too? Furthermore, the service was very slow.

A Uso e forma
i Le parole ‘per l’addizione’ usate più frequentamente sono and (e), as well,
too e also (anche, anche e pure). Too e as well sono normalmente usate in
contesti più formali e nel parlato.
Too e as well vanno dopo l’informazione supplementare.
I mostly listen to rock music. But I like jazz too.
Susie speaks French and she can speak some Italian as well.
ii Also per lo più va inserito prima dell’informazione supplementare.
Va messo prima del verbo principale o dopo be.
I mostly listen to rock music. But I also like jazz.
Susie speaks French and she can also speak some Italian.
Andy’s brilliant at tennis. He’s also quite good at golf.
In ogni caso, also può anche andare all’inizio della seconda frase. Molto
raramente, può anche trovarsi alla fine di essa.
Can you email Tom? Also, will you phone Sarah?
Can you email Tom? Will you phone Sarah also?

B As well as
As well as (oltre a) si usa con un nome.
As well as the guitar and the piano, he also plays the drums.
You’re having pizza as well as pasta!

C Parole ‘di addizione’ più formali

In contesti più formali, specie nello scritto, si possono usare in addition/
additionally (oltre a/inoltre), moreover (inoltre) e furthermore (inoltre/in
aggiunta/per di più). Queste espressioni vanno prima di ciò che viene aggiunto.
The tickets are €45 and in addition, there is a €10 service charge.
It’s not a good idea. And furthermore, it is actually illegal.

D On top of that
Si può usare on top of that (per giunta) in contesti formali e informali per
aggiungere un senso enfatico. È usato spesso per lamentarsi di qualcosa.
The hotel room was dirty and cold. And on top of that, the shower didn’t work.

E Besides
Si usa besides (d’altronde, inoltre) per ‘dare spessore’ a ciò che si è detto.
I don’t want to go for a walk and, besides, it’s raining.
I won’t phone him. And besides, he never answers the phone.

1 Riscrivi le frasi usando le parole in corsivo.

0 She speaks French. And she can speak a little Spanish. also
She speaks French. And she can also speak a little Spanish.
1 Jenny’s going to the party. And I think Chiara’s going. too
Jenny’s going to the party.
2 I know you play football. Do you play rugby? as well
I know you play football.

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 3 Are you going for a coffee? Can I come? too
Are you going for a coffee?
4 He’s good looking. He’s very rich! also
He’s good looking.
5 He’s got a car and a scooter. as well as
He’s got a car
6 You said you like The Beatles. Do you like The Rolling Stones? also
You said you like The Beatles.
2 Completa le frasi usando And besides … e le espressioni del riquadro.
there’s something I want to watch on TV he never checks his emails
it’s freezing I can’t afford a taxi
0 I don’t want to go to the beach. And besides, it’s freezing.
1 I don’t want to email him.
2 I’d rather walk than get a taxi.
3 I don’t fancy going out tonight.
3 Completa la lettera usando le parole del riquadro.
also as well as furthermore in addition on top of that

Dear Head Teacher,

I am writing to complain about the behaviour of your students. I live in an apartment opposite your
school and I am disturbed by the noise the students make every time they have a break from lessons.
0 Furthermore
, the language they use and the things they talk about are quite unacceptable.
1
, they ignore me when I ask them to be quiet.
2
the noise and language, the students look like they are dressed to go to a
party. All students should wear a uniform. 3 , holding hands and kissing should
not be allowed at school.
I am 4 disappointed by the attitude of your teachers, who allow this to happen.
Please control your students, and teachers, from now on or I shall take my complaint to the police.
Yours faithfully,
A Codger

4 Dai risposte vere per te. Usa ogni parola del riquadro almeno una volta.
also as well too
0 What’s your favourite colour?
I like blue and I also like purple.
1 Who’s your favourite film star?
I like and I .
2 What languages do you speak?
I speak and I .
3 What kind of music do you listen to?
I mostly listen to and I .
4 What did you do last weekend?
I and I .
5 What are your hobbies?
I and I .

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 Unità

165 Coesione: contrasto

I phoned her, but there was no answer. It was a great idea. However, it didn’t work.

Le espressioni più usate per esprimere contrasto sono:

A But
But (ma) è il modo più comune per indicare contrasto. Va tra le idee che si
pongono in contrasto. Può essere usato per continuare la frase, normalmente
dopo una virgola, o può iniziare una seconda frase.
We wanted to play tennis, but it was raining. It rained heavily. But it soon stopped.

B Though
Though (però) è comune nell’inglese parlato, va in genere messo dopo la seconda
idea che si esprime.
We wanted to play tennis. It was raining though.

C However
However (comunque) viene usato normalmente in contesti piuttosto formali.
Va all’inizio, a metà o alla fine della seconda frase.
Sydney is the biggest city in Australia. However, it isn’t the capital.
Sydney is the biggest city in Australia. It isn’t the capital however.
Sydney is the biggest city in Australia. It isn’t, however, the capital.
Si può anche usare nevertheless (nondimeno) in maniera simile.
It rained every day on holiday. Nevertheless, we had a good time.

D Yet
Yet (tuttavia) si usa di norma in contesti piuttosto formali. Pone l’enfasi su qualcosa
che è sorprendente o inaspettato. Va inserito tra le idee che pone in contrasto.
He’s a teacher, yet he drives a Ferrari.

E Whereas
Whereas (mentre) è usato normalmente in contesti piuttosto formali.
Pone in contrasto idee senza contraddirle. Va messo all’inizio della
frase o tra le idee che pone a contrasto.
I have flexible working hours, whereas most people work 9 to 5.
Si può usare while (anche) in modo simile.
While most people work 9 to 5, I have flexible working hours.

F Despite, although ecc.

Si usa despite (malgrado, a dispetto di, nonostante), in spite of (malgrado,
a dispetto di, nonostante), although (benché) e even though (anche se)
all’inizio della frase oppure tra le idee che pongono in contrasto.
i Si usa despite/in spite of con -ing oppure con un nome.
Despite being injured, Smith won the bronze medal.
They played tennis in spite of the rain.
ii Si usano although/even though con soggetto + verbo.
They played tennis even though it was raining.

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1 Completa le frasi in due modi diversi per esprimere contrasto. Usa but o though
e le espressioni del riquadro.
I can’t go. I couldn’t find them. I’m not very good. I’ve never won anything.
0 I looked everywhere for your keys. But I couldn’t find them.
I looked everywhere for your keys. I couldn’t find them though.
1 I love playing the guitar.
I love playing the guitar.
2 I buy a lotto ticket every week.
I buy a lotto ticket every week.
3 Petra’s having a party on Friday.
Petra’s having a party on Friday.
2 Completa le informazioni usando le parole in corsivo e i suggerimenti del riquadro.
Nine out of ten people hit at 20mph will survive. It uses 25% of the world’s electricity.
It won only one. In most other European countries it’s coffee. This afternoon there will be some rain.
0 The USA has 5% of the world’s population. HOwever, it uses 25% of the world’s electricity. however
1 Tea is the most popular drink in the UK, whereas
2 The film was nominated for six Oscars, yet
3 This morning will be warm and sunny. however
4 Nine out of ten people hit by a car at 40mph will die, whereas
3 Completa le notizie giornalistiche usando despite o even though.
0 It was a tiring game, and even though Jones played well, he finally lost 3–6, 7–5, 6–4.

1 winning a jackpot of €25m, Mrs Evans says she will be

back at work in her local supermarket on Monday morning.

2 it measured 8.9 on the Richter Scale, the earthquake

did very little damage to buildings.
3 In the 2005 Champions League final, Liverpool beat AC Milan,
being 3–0 down at half-time.
4 The concert was sold out, the high prices.

4 Leggi i risultati dell’inchiesta su alcune differenze tra uomini e donne e completali con however,
yet, whereas o despite.
0 Teenage boys generally have a lot of friends, whereas teenage girls have fewer, but closer friends.
1 Fewer teenagers are starting to smoke nowadays. , the number of teenage girls starting
to smoke is increasing.
2 girls generally talk more than boys when they are young, by their teenage years there is
no significant difference.
3 making fewer motor insurance claims than men, women have three times as many
minor collisions.
4 As many teenage girls as boys own a computer, teenage boys spend twice as much
time surfing the internet.
5 American women eat around 100 burgers a year, American men eat about 300.
6 The average weight of a man’s brain is 1kg. A woman’s brain, , weighs only 0.7kg
on average.

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