Nanyang Junior College H2 Chemistry (9647) JC1 2010

Tutorial 1 Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry

Before your tutorial, complete the relevant tutorial questions (i.e. those already
covered in lecture) on writing paper, making sure you show your answers and
working clearly.

Foundation skills: Mole concept

1 Using (a) as an example, fill in the blanks below:

Compounds Chemical Relative molecular / formula mass, Mr

formula
(a) hydrochloric acid HCl Mr = 1.0 + 35.5 = 36.5
(b) water
(c) carbon dioxide
(d) calcium hydroxide
(e) sulphuric acid
(f) sodium carbonate
(g) aluminium sulphate
(h) sodium oxide

2 How many atoms of

(a) hydrogen are present in 5.6 g of ammonia, NH3? (Ans: 5.95 x 1023)
(b) oxygen are present in 18 g of glucose. C6H12O6? (Ans: 3.61 x 1023)
(c) carbon are present in 50 molecules of colchicines, C22H25NO6? (Ans:1100)

3 What is the mass of

(a) 0.28 mol of barium chloride? (Ans: 58.2 g)
(b) 3.2 x 1020 of oxide ions? (Ans: 8.50 x 10 - 3 g)

4 (a) Chlorine gas is a severe irritant to the eyes and respiratory system. The
maximum safe toleration level of chlorine gas in air is 0.005 mg dm–3. How many
molecules of chlorine gas are present in 1 dm3 of air at this toleration level?
(Ans: 4.24 x 1016)
(b) Which one of the following compounds, both used as fertilizers, contains the
higher percentage by mass of phosphorus: Ca5(PO4)3F or (NH4)2HPO4?
[Ans: (NH4)2HPO4]

Section (A) Relative mass

5 Naturally occurring gallium, Ga, is a mixture of two isotopes, gallium-69 and gallium-
71 with percentage abundancies of 65 % and 35 % respectively. Calculate the
relative atomic mass of gallium.

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6 Iron has four isotopes with abundancies as shown below:
Isotope Relative isotopic mass % Natural abundance
54
Fe 53.9396 5.82
56
Fe 55.9349 91.66
57
Fe 56.9354 2.19
58
Fe 57.9333 0.33

What is the relative atomic mass of iron?

10 11
7 The relative atomic mass of boron, which consists of isotopes 5 B and 5 B is 10.8.
11
What is the percentage of 5B atoms in the isotopic mixture?

Section (B) Determination of empirical and molecular formula

8 A sample of a compound has the composition:

Na, 9.20 g; S, 12.8 g; O, 9.60 g
Find the empirical formula. Given that the Mr of the compound is 158.0, deduce the
molecular formula.

9 An organic compound, X, which contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, has a
Mr of 85.0. When 0.43 g of X is burnt in excess oxygen, 1.10 g of carbon dioxide and
0.45 g of water are formed. What is the molecular formula of X?

Section (C) Eudiometry

3 3
10 60 cm of oxygen was added to 10 cm of a gaseous hydrocarbon. After exploding
and cooling, the gases occupied 50 cm3 and after absorption by KOH solution, 30
cm3 of oxygen remained. All readings were taken at r.t.p. Find the molecular formula
of the hydrocarbon.

11 10 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon was exploded with an excess of oxygen. There

was a contraction of 30 cm3. A further contraction of 30 cm3 took place when the
residual gases were subjected to aqueous NaOH. All volumes were measured at
room temperature and pressure. Calculate the molecular formula of the
hydrocarbon.

3
12 10 cm of a hydrocarbon, C4Hy, were allowed to react with an excess of oxygen at
150oC and 1 atm. There was an expansion of 15 cm3. Deduce the value of y.

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13 In an experiment, 10 cm of a gaseous organic nitrogen compound was sparked
3 3 3
with an excess of oxygen. 20 cm of carbon dioxide, 35 cm of steam and 5 cm of
nitrogen were obtained among the products. All gas volumes were measured at 100
o
C and 1 atm. What is the molecular formula of the organic nitrogen compound?

Section (D) Stoichiometry

14 A mixture containing 47.3 % by mass magnesium carbonate and 52.7 % by mass

calcium carbonate. The mixture is heated until both carbonates completely to give
the oxides and carbon dioxide. What is the volume of the carbon dioxide produced
from the decomposition of 78.3 g of the mixture at r.t.p.?

MgCO3 (s) → MgO (s) + CO2 (g)

CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

15 Calcium sulfate occurs naturally as dihydrate gypsum, CaSO4•2H2O. When heated

to 160oC, gypsum loses some of its water to give plaster of Paris, which is used for
making fine plaster casts and for setting broken limbs.

During the heating process, 100 g of gypsum loses 15.7 g of water. Calculate the
formula of plaster of Paris. [N02/III/4]

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