DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB

Expt. no.1

1)AIM-To generate ask modulated wave & carry put its detection.

2)COMPONENTS-Resistors,op-amp-741,signal generators,transistor-SL-
100,CRO,bread board,wires,etc.

3)PROCEDURE-

MODULATION

a)Rig up the circuit as shown in the ckt. dgm.

b)Apply message signal,m(t) at pin 2 of the op-amp through a resistor of 1kΩ.

c)Base of the transistor is connected to the output of the 1st

op-amp from pin6 through a resistor of 1k

d)Collector is connected to an input signal of 10khz,10v(p.p),through a resistor.

e)Output is taken from the collector.

DEMODULATION

a)Rig up the circuit as shown in the ckt dgm.

b)Feed ASK modulated wave as the input to pin 3 of op-amp through a diode.

c)Take output from pin 6 of the op-amp.

4)RESULT-ASK modulation as well as its demodulation were carried out.

CIRCUIT FOR MODULATION:-

CIRCUIT FOR DEMODULATION:-

Expt. no.2

1)AIM-To generate FSK modulated wave & carry out its detection.

2)COMPONENTS- IC-CD-4051,signal generator(s),op-amps-

741,resistors,capacitors,diode,bread board,etc.

3)DESIGN-

a)Select cut-off frequency fl of high pass filter circuit such that:-

100khz>=fl>=5khz.Select fl=60khz.

b)fl=1/(2 =60khz.Select C1=0.01

Select R1=270Ω.

C)FOR ENVELOPE DETECTOR:-

1/fm . SO,RC=10/fc2;with fc2=100khz.Take C=0.1

4)PROCEDURE-

1)MODULATION

a)Rig up the circuit as in ckt dgm.

b)Apply the modulating signals,square wave of 10v(p.p)&1khz(100hz-1khz).

c)Apply carrier wave(c2(t)) of frequency 100khz,10v(p.p) at pin 4.

d)Apply carrier wave(c1(t)) of frequency 5khz,10v(p.p) at pin 13.

e) Note down the output waveforms at pin 3.

NOTE:-THERE SHOULD NOT BE ANY DC OFFSET TO THE SQUARE WAVE.

2)DEMODULATION
a)Rig up the circuit as shown in ckt dgm.

b)Feed the FM modulated wave as input to pin 3 of the 1st op-amp which acts
as a high pass filter.

c)Connect 10kΩ pot to pin 2 of the 2nd op-amp.

d)Tune the pot to take the output from pin 6 of the 2nd op-amp.

5)RESULT-FSK modulation as well as its demodulation were carried out.

PIN DETAILS:-

CIRCUIT FOR MODULATION:-

CIRCUIT FOR DEMODULATION:-
Expt. no.3

1)AIM-To generate PSK modulated wave & carry out its detection.

2)COMPONENETS-IC-CD-4051,op-amp-741,power supply,function
generators,resistors,bread board,wires,etc.

3)DESIGN-

Given fc 5khz.

1/fm .So,RC=10/fc.For fc=5khz,C=0.1 ,R=20KΩ.Take suitable value

of resistor.

4)PROCEDURE-

MOULATION

a)Rig up the circuit as shown in the ckt. dgm.

b)Give the input carrier signal as in the dgm. & message signal,m(t) at pins
9,10,11 of the IC.

c)Output from op-amp from pin 6,is given to pin 13 of IC.

d) Output is taken from pin3 of IC-4051.

NOTE:-THERE SHOULD NOT BE ANY DC OFFSET GIVEN TO SQUARE WAVE.

DEMODULATION

a)Rig up the ckt as shown in ckt dgm.

b)Give the input sinusoidal wave of 5khz,10v(p.p) at pin 2 through a resistor in

parallel with the PSK modulated wave of 1st op-amp.

c)Ground the pin 3 of the 1st op-amp.

d)Connect the op-amps through a diode.

e)Take output from pin 6 of the 2nd op-amp.

f)Pin 2 of the 2nd op-amp is connected to a 10kohm pot,where the latter is
connected to a +12v supply.

5)RESULT-PSK modulation as well as its demodulation were carried out.

CIRCUIT FOR MODULATION:

CIRCUIT FOR DEMODULATION:-
Expt. no.4

1)AIM-To study sampling theorem using flat top sampling.

2)COMPONENTS-IC-4016,signal generator,power
supply,resistors,capacitors,transistor SL-100,bread board,wires,etc.

3)DESIGN-

Select c(t) a square wave of 8v(p.p)&1khz.Let the message signal,m(t) be 1.15v.

Then,Vm=0.6V+1.15v.

Assume h(fe)=30,V(be sat)=0.7v,I(c)=1mA & V(ce sat)=0.3v.

Applying K.V.L,

V(sampled peak)=I(c)Rc+V(ce sat).

1.15=IcRc+0.3.So,Rc=850Ω,since Ic=1mA.Select Rc=1kΩ.

Also,Vo(peak)=IbRb+V(be sat).

4=(Ic/h(fe))*Rb + 0.7.

Rb(max)=99kΩ.Select Rb=18kΩ.

For L.P.F, fh=500hz,

Fh=1/(2 .Select C=0.1 .

CIRCUIT FOR GENERATING FLAT TOP SAMPLES AND TO RECONSTRUCT