PREFACE

The Division of Building Research of t h e National Research

Council is c u r r e n t l y i n v e s t i g a t i n g how computers could be used
t o advantage i n designing a i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g systems. This paper
augments t h i s work by d e s c r i b i n g how Russian engineers used a
computer t o o b t a i n an optimum design f o r a r e f r i g e r a n t condenser.
The r e s u l t s reported h e r e i n a r e of l i m i t e d i n t e r e s t i n
Canada because t h e types and s i z e s of condenser tubes s t u d i e d
a r e not a v a i l a b l e here; but t h e system of equations presented i s
valuable. It can be used t o make s i m i l a r c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r any
s i z e pipe.
The Division wishes t o record i t s thanks t o M r . H.R. Hayes
of t h e T r a n s l a t i o n s S e c t i o n of t h e National Research Council who
t r a n s l a t e d t h i s paper and t o D r . D.G. Stephenson of t h i s Division
who checked t h e t r a n s l a t i o n .

Ottawa R.F. Legget

January 1966 Director
 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA

T e c h n i c a l T r a n s l a t i o n 1228

Title: S e l e c t i o n of optimal s i z e s of shell-and-tube condensers f o r

s m a l l r e f r i g e r a t i n g machines b y means o f e l e c t r o n i c computer
(Vybor o p t i r n a l l n y k h razmerov kozhukhotrubnykh k o n d e n s a t o r o v d l y a
malykh k h o l o d i l f n y k h mashin s pomoshchlyu e l e k t r o n n o i
v y c h i s l i t e l 'no1 mashiny )

Authors : L.G. M e l f n i c h e n k o , E.D. K r i t s k i i , D.A. Kuznetsov and R.A. Vasil'ev

Reference: K h o l o d i l l n a y a Tekhnika, ( 5 ) : 35-41, 1964

Transl at o r : H.R. Hayes, T r a n s l a t i o n s S e c t i o n , N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e L i b r a r y

 SELECTION OF OPTIMAI, SIZES OF SHELL-AND-TUBE
CONDENSERS FOR SMALL REFRIGERATING MACHINES
BY MEANS OF ELECTRONIC COMPUTER

The c o n s t r u c t i o n of water-cooled condensers f o r s m a l l (mechanical) r e f r i g -

e r a t i n g machines f o r use i n s h i p s t a i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n s e n t a i l s t h e
f u l f i l m e n t of a number o f requirements.
P r i n c i p a l l y t h e s e a r e : t o e n s u r e mlnlmum condenser s i z e , s i m p l i c i t y ,
' t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e p e n d a b i l i t y , long l i f e , r e l l a b l l l t y of c o n s t r u c t i o n and
a c c e s s i b i l i t y f o r pipe cleaning.
To determine t h e minimum o v e r a l l s i z e of s h e l l - a n d - t u b e condensers f o r
r e f r i g e r a t i n g machines with a r e f r i g e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y of 1,500 t o 11,000 kcal/
h r ( 0 . 5 t o 3 . 6 t o n s ) o p e r a t i n g on Freon-22 w i t h given parameters f o r t h e cool-
i n g c y c l e and tube l e n g t h , we s t u d i e d t h e e f f e c t of w a t e r c o o l a n t flow r a t e
and temperature, t y p e and parameters of t u b e r i b b i n g and d i a m e t e r on t h e s i z e
of t h e condenser.
C a l c u l a t i o n s were made f o r seven d i f f e r e n t k i n d s of knurled t u b i n g w i t h
i n s i d e d i a m e t e r s of 10 - 23 mm, r i b he1e;hts of 1.5 - 3 mm and t h r e e d i f f e r e n t
k i n d s of t u b i n g w i t h d i a m e t e r s of 10 - 1 6 mrn and knurled r i b s 3 mm i n h e i g h t .
(Table I ) .
The g e o m e t r i c a l parameters f o r t h e knurled t u b e s were taken from t h e
encyc lopaed i c manual " R e f r i g e r a t i o n Engineering", Volume 1 and from VDI-
Vermeatlas [ s i c ] d a t a . Geometrical parameters f o r knurled t u b i n g produced by
t h e B a l t i c f a c t o r y ( L e n i n g r a d ) and t u b e s with c o i l e d r i b s produced by o t h e r
S o v i e t p l a n t s were a l s o used.
Data used i n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e a s f o l l o w s :
Temperature, O C :
Condensation t c .......................................... 40
...............................................
B o i l i n g to 3
..................
Water c o o l a n t on e n t e r i n g condenser t w , 30
S p e c i f i c h e a t c a p a c i t y o f ( s e a ) w a t e r c o o l a n t cw,
kcal/kg deg......................................... 0.92
.......................
G r a v i t a t i o n a c c e l e r a t i o n g, n/sec2 9.81
C o e f f i c i e n t of h e a t c o n d u c t i v i t y of l a y e r of accumulated
...........................
m a t t e r kc,, kcal/m h r deg 2
Thickness of l a y e r of accumulated m a t t e r bcl, m ........... 0.0005
D e n s i t y of w a t e r c o o l a n t y,, kg/m3 ....................... 1025
C o e f f i c i e n t of h e a t c o n d u c t i v i t y o f tube m a t e r i a l
( c u p r o n i c k e l ) A , kcal/m h r deg...................... 32.4
 The flow r a t e o f t h e w a t e r c o o l a n t Ww was assumed t o be 1.6 - 1.8 m/sec,
t h e v a r i a t i o n i n t h e temperature o f t h e w a t e r c o o l a n t At, 2 - 6'.
Table I1 shows t h e b a s i c v a l u e s o f N, G f r , I t and AP allowed f o r ,
depending on t h e r e f r i g e r a t i o n c a p a c i t y o f t h e c o n d i t i o n e r .
The h e a t t r a n s m i t t i n g s u r f a c e , c a p a c i t y and t o t a l h y d r a u l i c r e s i s t a n c e
of condensers i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e i n d i c a t e d v a r i a b l e s a r e determined i n t h e
f o l l o w i n g o r d e r a c c o r d i n g t o t h e formulae:
1. Condenser h e a t load
( l o s s e s of heat t o
environment d i s r e -
g a r d e d ) kcal/hr ........ Q = Qo + 860 N
2 . GIa t e r consumnption, Q
k d h r .................. W' cW(tW2 - twl)
3 . Mean l o g a r i t h m i c d i f -
f e r e n c e of tempera- 0
tw2 tw,-
t u r e s , "C ..............
m
3

2.3 l o g
tc tw, -
tc -
4. Mean temperature of
water, OC .............. t wrn = tC- O m

5. C o e f f i c i e n t o f h e a t
t r a n s f e r from i n n e r
s u r f a c e of tube t o
water ( r e f . 1 , p . 5 3 )
kcal/m h r deg ......... aW = (1190 + 21.5 t wrn - 0.045 t wm
2 )wc8, d i 0 - '
6. Average rib diameter, m Dav = 0 . 5 ( ~ , + do)
7 . Rib h e i g h t , m .......... h = 0.5(Dr - do)

8. Length of r i b g e n e r a t -
i n g l i n e , m ............

9. Coefficient, taking
i n t o account e f f e c t of
r i b b i n g of knurled t u b e s
( r e f . 5 , p.110). For
tubes with c i r c u l a r f l a t
r i b s t h e same formula i s
used i n s i m p l i f i e d form
(same r e f . ) ............ Ep= -
S-
S
6,
+ + (%)ow':h ,/ 81
h(s-h) (*)L;
"1

10. Average number of t u b e s ,

v e r i c a l ................ I n i t i a l l y a s s i g n v a l u e n , , then f i n d
rn
p r e c i s e v a l u e by formula n, = z
11. C o e f f i c i e n t , t a k i n g i n t o
account average number
of tubes i n v e r t i c a l
Fig. 2 1 I ...............-
bundle r e f .3,p. 131,
e = 1 - -
[ ~ . l ( n , 1) - 0.00375 n:]
12. Mean temperature of
condensate film, deg ... tm a
tC + tw
-
( i n i t i a l value tyo =

13. C o e f f i c i e n t b
...... b .591.2 .2.2
p. 131,Table 13\fe;,2i"
kg* m" h r deg3'4 t,
14. S p e c i f i c h e a t load i n
condenser, kcal/kg ..... r f
=QG
15. S p e c i f i c h e a t flow,
t r a n s f e r r e d t o primary
s u r f a c e of tubes, from
Freon t o wall ( r e f . 3 ,
p .13 1) kca l/m h r ...... q f r - 0.725 b (tc - t -w ) 0 * 7 s
16. S p e c i f i c h e a t flow,
t r a n s f e r r e d t o primary
s u r f a c e of tubes not
allowing f o r formation
of s c a l e (from wall t o
w a t e r ) , kcal/m2 h r .....
17. S p e c i f i c h e a t flow I n
condenser, not allowing
f o r formation of s c a l e ,
q kcal/m2 h r ........... Equations of para. 15 and 16 are solved with
r e s p e c t t o t,, then t h e value of twie sub-
s t l t u t e d in e q u a t i o n 15 o r 16.
-
18. Determination of wall
temperature tw, deg .... S u b s t i t u t e t, in para. 12 equation and r e p e a t
p a r a . 12, 13, 15, 16, 17.
19. Heat t r a n s f e r r i n g s u r -
f a c e of condenser, n o t
allowing f o r formation
of s c a l e , m 2 ........... F = -Q9
20. C o e f f i c i e n t of h e a t
t r a n s f e r i n c l e a n con-
denser, kcal/m2 h r deg . c =3
@m
21. S p e c i f i c h e a t flow,
t r a n s f e r r e d t o primary
s u r f a c e of tubes allow-
i n g f o r formation of
s c a l e (from wall t o
w a t e r ) , kcal/m2 h r ..... ely = 1
t..- fa!,,,
22. S p e c i f i c h e a t flow i n
condenser allowing f o r
formation of s c a l e qfs,
kcal/m2 h r ............. Solve equations a t
r e s p e c t t o ty then
p a r a . 15 and 21 with
s u b s t i t u t e r e s u l t i n g value

23. Determination of wall

-
of t, In one of equations 15 o r 21

temperature tw, deg

- .... S u b s t i t u t e t w In p a r a . 12 equation and r e p e a t
v a l c u l a t i o n ?or para. 12,13,15,21 and 22
24. Heat t r a n s f e r r i n g s u r -
f a c e of condenser,
allowing f o r formation
of s c a l e , m2 ........... Ff. n-
Q
9fs
25. Overall length of
tubing, m ..............
26. Number of tubes p e r 4Gw"
pass ................... nw m

xd2$ 3600 r,y,

27. T o t a l number of con-
denser tubes ........... "'5
L

28. Tube spacing (with

c r o s s - s e c t i o n arrange-
ment of e q u i l a t e r a 1
triangle), m ........... St = Dr + 0.003

29. Diameter of c i r c l e

-
p a s s i n g through c e n t r e s
of o u t e r tubes ( r e f . 4 ) ,
m ...................... Df St40.g4 +
30. Outside diameter of
condenser flange, m .... Dc = ( D f + di)1.08 + 0.052
31. Number of vertical
s e r i e s of tubes ........ " ' q+ 1 (determine from p a r a . 10)

32. Volume of condenser,

m3 ..................... v - x
D:(L + 0.126)
33. C o e f f i c i e n t of h e a t
t r a n s f e r i n condenser,
allowing f o r formation
of s c a l e , kcal/m2 h r
deg .................... Cfs =
qfs
q
34. C o e f f i c i e n t of kinematic
v i s c o s i t y of water ( r e f .
I ) , m2/aec ............. v =
0.00178 -
1
1 + 0.0337 twm
+ 0.000221 t& Y~
 35. Reynolds number ........ Rew .-
"w 1
vw
36. F r i c t i o n a l r e s i s t a n c e
c o e f f i c i e n t when
3,000 S Rew S 100,000 .. A t = 0.3 16
Re;''*
37. F r i c t i o n a l r e s i s t a n c e
c o e f f i c i e n t when Re <
3,000 ( r e f .3, p.1447 ... kt .-64

38. F r i c t i o n a l r e s i s t a n c e of
water c i r c u i t , m water
gauge .................. 1.17 At L
n
w 1
w1(Um8 yW10-"
2 g
39. R e s i s t a n c e a t bends, w;yW
m water gauge .......... A P b = 0 . 9 0 ( e - I ) 2 g

40. I n t a k e and d i s c h a r g e
r e s i s t a n c e , m water w2y
gauge .................. hPin and d i s = 19 lo4Rew
-1.2 W W
2 g
41. T o t a l h y d r a u l i c r e s i s t -
ance, m water column ... APtot = lol(*t + *in and d i s + Nb)
Unlike t h e graph a n a l y s i s method normally employed, t h e c i t e d method
p e r m i t s t h e temperature of t h e tube w a l l t o be determined j o l n t l y with t h e
s o l u t i o n of t h e e q u a t i o n f o r h e a t flow from t h e Freon condensation vapour t o
t h e main s u r f a c e of t h e tubes ( p a r a . 1 5 ) and t h e e q u a t i o n f o r h e a t flow from
t h e w a l l t o t h e water c o o l a n t ( p a r a . 1 6 ) . The system of equations i s solved
by means of s u c c e s s i v e apgroximations with a given accuracy of 0.1'.
A programme f o r computation on t h e "Ural-2" d i g i t a l computer was c a r r i e d
o u t i n accordance with t h i s method a t t h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l computing c e n t r e (In
t h e town o f Nikolaev).
Approximately 1,200 computation v a r i a n t s were worked o u t , t h e only
r e s u l t s s e l e c t e d f o r p r i n t i n g being those of v a r i a n t s with a h y d r a u l i c
r e s i s t a n c e AP < 5 m water column. I n accordance with a computed value V f o r
each s t a n d a r d tube s i z e , graphs were drawn f o r a c o n s t a n t flow r a t e of water
c o o l a n t Ww and v a r i a b l e values ATw, d l and i t ( F i g . 1 - 3 ) .
Analysis of t h e r e s u l t i n g graph r e l a t i o n s h i p s i n d i c a t e d t h e following:
With an i n c r e a s e i n t h e water c o o l a n t flow r a t e t h e h y d r a u l i c r e s l s t a n c e
of t h e condenser i n c r e a s e s very r a p i d l y in comparison w i t h r e d u c t i o n of i t s
volume, e o p e c i a l l y when r e f r i g e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y i s reduced. An i n c r e a s e I n the
sea-water c o o l a n t flow r a t e t o more than 2 d s e c r e s u l t s i n a s u b s t a n t i a l drop
i n t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t I n t h e o p e r a t i o n of t h e h e a t exchanger owing
t o an i n t e n s i f i c a t i o n of the s a l t d e p o s i t i o n p r o c e s s and a r e d u c t i o n i n t h e
e r o s i o n r e s i s t a n c e of t h e condenser m a t e r i a l a . T h e r e f o r e , a flow r a t e of
1.6 d s e c was used i n subsequent a n a l y s i s .
With an i n c r e a s e i n t h e temperature drop of t h e water c o o l a n t A t w when
= c o n s t , t h e condenser volume and h y d r a u l i c r e s i s t a n c e i n c r e a s e . For a
ww
f i x e d t u b e l e n g t h t h i s r e s u l t s I n an I n c r e a s e o f t h e t o t a l number of t u b e s and
a r e d u c t i o n of t h e number of t u b e s p e r p a s s , which complicates t h e d e s l g n of
t h e condenser cover t o t h e d e t r i m e n t of t e c h n o l o g i c a l d e p e n d a b i l i t y and r e l i -
ability of c o n s t r u c t i o n .
Minimum condenser volume and h y d r a u l i c r e s i s t a n c e a r e achieved w i t h a
minimum water-coolant temperature drop ( ~= 2O), t ~b u t i n t h i s c a s e t h e
c o o l a n t flow r a t e i n c r e a s e s .
I n o r d e r t o reduce t h e c o o l a n t flow r a t e and t h e d i a m e t e r of t h e tubes,
i t i s e x p e d i e n t t o assume t h a t A t w = 3O f o r condensers used in s h i p s 1 a i r -
c o n d i t i o n i n g p l a n t s . T h i s would i n v o l v e a v e r y s m a l l i n c r e a s e i n t h e volume
of t h e condenser (approximately 5%).
The type o f tube r i b b i n g has an a p p r e c i a b l e e f f e c t on condenser volume.
Heat exchange c o n d i t i o n s a r e b e t t e r w i t h knurled t u b i n g than with t u b i n g
which h a s c o i l e d r i b s ( t h e e f f i c i e n c y of t h e knurled tube r i b b i n g i s g r e a t e r
by 27 - 31%) and consequently, i t s h e a t t r a n s m i t t i n g s u r f a c e may be reduced.
F o r t h e same h e a t load t h e condenser c a p a c i t y w i t h knurled p i p i n g is reduced
by 10 - 15%.
The d i a m t e r of t h e t u b e s a l s o has a c o n s i d e r a b l e e f f e c t on t h e volume
and h y d r a u l i c r e s i s t a n c e of t h e condenser. Comparison o f t h e volumes o f con-
d e n s e r s used w i t h d i f f e r e n t s l z e s of knurled t u b i n g ( a t a c o n s t a n t h y d r a u l i c
r e s i s t a n c e ) i n d i c a t e d t h a t minimal volumes a r e a t t a i n e d when do x dl = 16 x
14.4 mm; Dr = 20.4 mm.
V a r i a t i o n s of condenser volumes i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e i n s i d e d i a m e t e r o f t h e
t u b e s a r e shown a t Fig. 2.
For t u b i n g w i t h c o i l e d r i b s t h e s m a l l e s t condenser i s a t t a i n e d when
d o x d = 16 x 14.4 rrm and Dr = 22 mm. The i n s i d e diameter of t h e t u b e s i s
1
such a s t o p e r m i t e a s y a c c e s s f o r c l e a n i n g o u t d e p o s i t s which form d u r i n g u s e .
In machines w i t h a r e f r i g e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y of 1,500 - 2,500 k c a l / h r
(.5 - .8 t o n s ) t h e tube d i a m e t e r h a s l i t t l e e f f e c t on t h e volume of condensers
of a given l e n g t h , s i n c e l a r g e diameter p i p e s do n o t f i t i n t o t h e s m a l l
diameter of t h e tube p a n e l a s w e l l a s s m a l l d i a m e t e r t u b e s . Thus, i n b o t h
c a s e s t h e volumes a r e approximately t h e same.
With an l n c r e a s e o f r e f r i g e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y t h e d i a m e t e r of t h e t u b e
p a n e l i s I n c r e a s e d and t u b e s of a l a r g e r diameter f i t i n t o i t b e t t e r , which
p e r m i t s a more e f f i c i e n t arrangement of t h e bundle t h a n i s p o s s i b l e w i t h
smaller diameter tubes.
 The q u e s t i o n of t h e e f f e c t o f tube l e n g t h I t on t h e volume of t h e
condenser i s of c o n s i d e r a b l e importance. P r e l i m i n a r y c a l c u l a t i o n s made with
a v a r i a b l e I t f o r knurled t u b e s and t h e graph r e l a t i o n s h i p s p l o t t e d a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c a l c u l a t i o n s ( s e e F i g . 3 ) p e r m i t t h e assumption t h a t when i t
i n c r e a s e s , t h e h y d r a u l i c r e s i s t a n c e of t h e condenser and i t s volume d e c r e a s e
a t f i r s t , b u t when i t > i t opt t h e volume i n c r e a s e s .
For a condenser w i t h a r e f r i g e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y of 4,400 k c a l / h r ( 1 . 5 t o n s ) ,

obtained when do x dl = 16 x 14.4; Dr = 20.4 mm and do x d l

D, -t 19.4 mm.
-
I t o p t = 0.4 m. The minimum condenser volumes f o r d i f f e r e n t v a l u e s of i t a r e
15 x U nun;

D e f i n i t i v e conclusions a s t o t h e s e l e c t i o n of optimum tube l e n g t h s w i l l

be drawn a f t e r t h e d a t a f o r t h e e n t i r e s e r i e s of condensers have been
processed.
Thus, t a k i n g i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n s i m p l i c i t y , technological d e p e n d a b i l i t y ,
r e l i a b i l i t y of c o n s t r u c t l o n and e a s e of a c c e s s f o r c l e a n i n g purposes, optimum
s i z e is ensured f o r a range of condensers f i t t e d i n s h i p s t a i r - c o n d i t i o n i n g
p l a n t s with accepted uniform tube l e n g t h s on s e l e c t i o n o f :
( a ) knurled t u b e s of t h e f o l l o w i n g s i z e s ( i n mrn):
do.. . "..".... 16
..
dl . ........ 14.4
..
D, . ........ 20.4
6, .. . . . . . . . . . 1.81
6, .. . . . . . . . . . 1.14
h . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2
S .. . . . . . . . . . 2.04
( b ) a flew r a t e of w a t e r c o o l a n t i n t h e condenser t u b e s e q u a l t o 1.6 n/
sec;
( c ) a water c o o l a n t temperature drop At, = 3 O .
T e s t s were c a r r i e d o u t on an experimental model of a condenser c o n s t r u c t -
ed I n accordance with t h e c a l c u l a t i o n r e s u l t s a t a r e f r i g e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y of
1,700 kcal/hr ( .56 t o n s ) . The r e s u l t i n g experimental d a t a corresponds c l o s e l y
t o the calculations.
 References

1. Tsygankov, A . S . Raschety teploobmennykh apparatov e eat exchanger

designs ) . Sudpromgiz, 1948.
2. Kutateladze, S.S. and Borishanskii, V.M. Spravochnik po teploperedache
(Manual of heat t r a n s f e r ) . Gosenergoizdat, 1959.
3. Encyclopaedic manual " K h o l o d i l ~ n a y atekhnika" ( ~ e f r l g e r a t i o nEngineering),
Vol. 1. Gostorgizdat, 1960.
4. Tadeush, Khobler. Teploperedacha i teploobmenlki e eat t r a n s f e r and h e a t
exchangers ) . Goskhimizda t, 1961.
5. I o f f e , D.M. and Yakobson, V.B. Malye k h o l o d i l l n y e mashlny i torgovoe
oborudovanie (Small r e f r i g e r a t i n g machines and t h e equipping of
merchant a h i p s ) . Boatorgglzdat, 1961.
6. Rozenfel'd, L.M. and Tkachev, A . G . Kholodlllnye mashiny 1 apparaty
( R e f r i g e r a t i n g machines and systems). Gostorgizdat, 1960.

Table I

Type of tube r i b b i n g f o r v a r i a n t s
Character- Knurled Coiled
istics
1 2 3 4 5 6 . 7 8 9 10
Outside diam-
e t e r of tube
do, rnrn .. . . . . 1 2 12 17.7 23 16 14 15 10 16 15
Inside diam-
e t e r of tube
d i , m ...... 8 10 15.7 20 14.4 12 13 8 14.4 13
Outside dlam-
e t e r of r i b
D ~ ,mm .... . . 18 18 21.5 26 20.4 20 19.4 16 22 21
Thickness of
r i b a t base
b,, mm ...... 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.81 1.8 1.81 0.5 0.5 0.4
Thickness of
r i b a t top
b , , m ...... 0.7 0.8 0.99 1.05 1.14 1.0 1.14 0.5 0.5 0.4
Helght of r i b
~ , I ~ I I I ....... 3 3 1-9 1-5 2.2 3.0 2.2 3.0 3.0 3.0
R i b spacing S,
mm .......,.. 3 3 2.03 2.0 2.04 3.0 2.04 3.5 3.5 3.4
 -11-

Table I1

Refrigeration Input required Freon

by pnemat-c Length of one
c a p a c i t y of compressor conswnptlon condensor
conditioner, motor N , Gfr r tube It,
kc a l/hr kw k u hr m

1700 0.8 42.5 0.20

27 00 1.1 67.5 0.25
4400 1.8 110 0.30
6900 2.9 173 0.35
11000 5.2 280 0.40

Note: The h y d r a u l i c r e s i s t a n c e of the condenser AP must

not exceed 5 m water column

Fig. 1
RelatLonship of condenser volune V t o water
coolant temperature drop Atw
a - Q, = 2,700 kcal/hr; b - Qo = 6,900 k c a l / l ~ r wnan
wW = 1 . 6 d s e c ( i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of numerals
1 -lQe m i n Table I )
 Fig. 2
Relatlonahip o f condenser volume V t o i n s i d e
diameter o f tube d i when ww = 1 . 6 d s e o

Relationship of condenser volume V ( r e f r i g e r a t i o n

capacity Qo = 4,400 kcal/hr) t o length o f
of tube i t when Atw = 2 O , wW = 1 . 6 d s e c