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CHAPTER 5:
Axially Loaded Members -Elastic deformation of an axially loaded member
-Combined problems
1 2
Both the force and displacement will be The composite A-36 steel bar
shown in below is made from
considered to be positive if they cause tension two segments, AB and BD,
having cross-section areas of
and elongation, respectively. AAB = 600 mm2 and AAD = 1200
mm2. Determine the vertical
Negative force and displacement will cause displacement of end A and the
displacement of B relative to C.
compression and contraction, respectively. [E = 210(103) MPa]
7 8
Solution Example
1. Determine the load P 2. Determine the displacement
required to displace the of its end A when it is subjected
roller downward 0.2 mm. to the distributed loading.
1.6 m
x
w = 500x1/3 N/mm
1.6 m
A
1.5 m
PL [+75kN ](1m)(10 6 ) [+35kN ](0.75m)(10 6 ) 1.2 m P
δA = ∑ = +
AE [600mm 2 (210)(10 3 )kN / m 2 ] [1200mm 2 (210)(10 3 )kN / m 2 ]
E=250GPa, A=1800mm2
[−45kN ](0.5m)(10 6 )
+ = +0.61mm (A is upward) E=200GPa, A=400mm2
[1200mm 2 (210)(10 3 )kN / m 2 ]
for all truss members
PBC LBC [+35kN ](0.75m)(10 ) 6
δ B/C = = = +0.104mm 9 10
ABC E [1200mm 2 (210)(10 3 )kN / m 2 ] (B moves away from C) Homework # 12: Reference # 3 Problem 4-13
FB + FA − P = 0
Statically indeterminate:
The resultant stress or displacement is the equilibrium equation is
determined by algebraically adding the not sufficient to determine
contributions caused by each of the components. the reactions.
11 12
[Reference # 3: Page 133 – 147]
Compatibility condition Flexibility or force method
Since the end supports are fixed,
δ A/ B = 0
From, δ = PL
AE
FA L AC FB LCB
− =0
AE AE
Displacement at B when
⎛L ⎞
FA = P⎜ CB ⎟ and ⎛L ⎞
FB = P⎜ AC ⎟
No displacement at B redundant force at B is Displacement at B when
⎝ L ⎠ ⎝ L ⎠ removed. only the redundant force
13 at B is applied. 14
Example Example
The A-36 steel pipe has a aluminum core. It is subjected to
a tensile force of 200 kN. Determine the average normal The stainless steel post A is
stress in the aluminum and the steel due to this loading. The surrounded by a red brass tube
pipe has an outer diameter of 80 mm and an inner diameter B. Both rest on the rigid
of 70mm. Eal = 68.9 GPa, Est = 200 GPa surface. If a force of 25 kN is
applied to the rigid cap,
400 mm determine the required
diameter d of the steel post so
200 kN 200 kN that the load is shared equally
between the post and tube. Est
= 200 GPa, Ebr = 100 GPa.
17 18
Homework # 14: Reference # 3 Problem 4-40
Example Example
The column is constructed from high-strength concrete and The bolt AB has a diameter of 20 mm and passes through a
four A-36 steel reinforcing rods. If it is subjected to an axial sleeve that has an inner diameter and of 40 mm and an
force of 800 kN, determine the required diameter of each outer diameter of 50 mm . The bolt and sleeve are made of
rod so that one-fourth of the load is carried by the steel and A-36 steel and are secured to the rigid brackets as shown. If
three-fourths by the concrete (Est = 200 GPa, Ec = 25GPa ) the bolt length is 220 mm and the sleeve length is 200 mm ,
800 kN determine the tension in the bolt when a force of 50 kN is
applied to the brackets.
300 mm 300 mm
19 20
Example Example
Three bars each made of different materials are connected A thermo gate consists of a 6061-T6-aluminum plate AB and
together and placed between two walls when the an Am-1004-T61-magnesium plate CD, each having a width
temperature is T1 = 12°C. Determine the force exerted on of 15 mm and fixed supported at their ends. If the gap
the (rigid) supports when the temperature becomes T2 = between them is 1.5 mm when the temperature is T1 =
18°C. The material properties and cross-sectional area of 25°C, determine the temperature required to just close the
each bar are given in the figure. gap. Also, what is the axial force in each plate if the
Steel Brass Copper temperature becomes T2 = 100°C? Assume bending or
Est = 200 GPa Ebr = 100 GPa Ecu = 120 GPa buckling will not occur. Eal = 68.9 GPa, EAm = 44.7 GPa.
αst = 12(10-6)/°C αbr = 21(10-6)/°C αcu = 17(10-6)/°C A 10 mm B C 10 mm
D
Ast = 200 mm2 Abr = 450 mm2 Acu = 515 mm2
600 mm 400 mm
25 1m 1m 26
Homework # 16: Reference # 3 Problem 4-90