UNDERSTANDING AND USING E te NGLISH GRAMMAR ThirdEdiion = SSS Betty Schrampfer Azar0 EXERCISE 2. Overview of verb tenses. (Chapters 1 ~ 5) ‘Speaker A: Your book is open. ms oe Tee copes What or cee ‘Speaker B: iss book is closed. Answer Speaker A’s questions in complete sentences. Example: every morning SPEAKER A (book open): What do you do every morning? SPEAKER B (Book closed): I (go to classes / eat breakfast / etc.) every morning. . every day before you leave home . last night . at (this exact time) yesterday . right now since you got up this morning weep! Swoitch roles. 6, for the past five minutes 7. tomorrow 8, at (this exact time) tomorrow 9, by the time you got here today 20. by the time you go to bed tonight ost — ‘The diagram shown below will be used in the tense descriptions: MEANING ‘SIMPLE PRESENT (8) Iesnonos in Alaska. Tn general, the simple present 0) Tomsoniches television expresses events or situations that every day. cenit aly, usualy, habitual they ‘exist now, have existed in the past, {and probably wall exist in the forure. ‘SIMPLE Past (©) Hesnowed yesterday. “Atone particalar tine in the pat tis {@) Tom watched television lst | ‘happened. It began and ended io the night. past. —x— SIMPLE FUTURE (@) Iwill snow tomorron. ronight. tonight. Its going to snow tomorrow. (8) Tom will seateis television ‘Finn éx going to watch television ‘At one particular time in vee future, this ‘will happen, 2 CHAPTER T11 EXERCISE 3. The simple tenses. (Chart 1-1) Directions: Answer the questions. 1, Can you think of a “general truth”? What are some other general truths? 2. What are some of the things you do every day or almost every day? Name three activities. 3. What did you do yesterday? Name chree separate activities. 4, What are you going to do tomorrow? 1-2, THE PROGR! Form: be + -ing (present panticiple) | Meaning: ‘The progressive tenses* give the idea that an accion is in progress during a particular time. ‘The tenses say that an action begins before isin progress during, and continues after another time or : action. | Peeseve processive (a) ‘Tom is sleeping right now. tis now 11:00. Tom went to sieep at tonight, and he is still asleep. His sleep began in the past, i 52 ‘progress at che present rime, andl probably will continue. (b) Tom was sleeping when 1 | Tom went to sleep at 10:00 last night. | arrived. Tarrived at 11:00. He was stil asleep. His sleep began before and taste progress ar a particular rime i the past. It continued after I arrived. | FUTURE PROGRESSIVE (©) ‘Tom witl be stecping when we | Tom will go ea sleep at 10-00 gs accive, tomocrosr might, We will arrive at ! 22 | 11:00. The action of sleeping will a begin before we arrive, and it elf be | in pgs a a parca tint in the {fture. Probab is slees will cominue. "The progressive temes ape alsa callad the “continuous” fenses: present cantinuous, past cnatinunus, and Future continuous, EXERCISE 4. The progressive tenses, (Chait 1-2) Directions: Answer the questions. 1, What are you doing right now? What are your classmates deing right cow? What is happening outside the classroom right now? 2. Where were you at two o’clock this morning? W'hat were you doing? 3. Where will you be at two o'clock tomorrow morning? What will you be doing? Overview of Verb Tenses 3[SECC Form: awe + pase participle FaeBing: “The perfect tenses all give the ea that one thing happens before another ‘ime Of EAT. PRESENT PERFECT (a) Tom has already eaten, “Tom finished eating sometime before ‘nom. The exact time is not important. a ae (time) PAST PERFECT @) Tom bad aleady eaten when his | FirstTom finished eating. Later his zg fiieod arcived. friend arrived. Tom’s eating was gE completely finished before anocher te +e fn the post {c) ‘Tom tll already have eaten when his friend arrives. First Tom will finish eating. Later bis friend will arsive. Tom's eating will be completely finished before another time inthe fuse. Tom has already eaten. 1 EXERCISE 5. The perfect tenses. (Chart 1-3) ‘Directions: Answer the questions. 1, Have you eaten today? When did you eat? 2. Had you eaten before you went to bed last night? 3, Will you have eaten by the time you go to bed tonight? 4 CHAPTER TForm: have + been + ~ing (present participle) ‘Meaning: The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one event is in progress immediately before, up 10, until another time or event. “The tenses are used to express the duration of the first event. PRESENT PERFECT (a) Tom has been studying for two Event in progress: studying. Trt" rT PROGRESSIVE hours. When? Before now, up to now. How long? For two hours. tI AST PERFECT (©) Tom had been atudying for two | Event in progress: studying. TROGRESSNE hhours before his friend came. | When? Before anather event in the past. How long? For two hours. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE z Te = () Tom wil have been studs for nwo hours by the rime his friend arrives ‘Event in progress: studying. ‘When? Before anather event in the Faure, ‘How long? For ovo hours. Cl EXERCISE 6. The perfect progressive tenses. (Chart 1-4) Directions: Answer the questions. 1. What are you doing right now? How long have you been (doing that)? 2. What were you doing last night at nine o'clock? What time did you stop (doing that)? Why did you stop (daing that)? How long had you been (doing thar) before you stopped? 3. What are you going to be doing at nine o'clock tomorrow night? What time are you going to stop (doing shat)? Why? How long will you have been (doing that) before you stop? ‘Overview of Verb Tenses 5SUMMARY CHART OF VERB TENSES Tom wil study tomorrow. ‘Tom studies every day. Tom is studying right now. SIMPLE PAST PAST PROGEESSIVE —_» Cer “Tor stuidied last night. “Tom was studying when they came. SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE rr ORE ‘Tom will 6¢ studying when you come. 6 CHAPTER |PRESENT PERFECT " ‘Tom has already stardéed Chapter One. ‘Tam has been studying for two hours. PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE : ‘Ton had already studied Chapter Oue befote he ‘began studying Chapter Two. ‘Tom had been studying for two hours befare his friends came. FUTURE PERFECT Zon sil deadly have studied Choper Hour bre he studies Chapter Five. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE ‘Tom will have been studying for two hours by the time his roommate ge home. Overview of Verb Fontes 7CO EXERCISE 7. Overview of verb tenses. (Charts 1-1 + 1-5) Directions; In the following dialogues, many of the verbs are in italics.* In pairs, in small groups, or as a class, discuss the meanings of the italicized verbs. Name the tenses of these verbs. If you wish, draw diagrams like the ones in Chart 1-5. ‘What do you do every morning? : [take a bus to school, -+ The speakers are talking about habitual activities. The name of the tense is the simple present. ‘What did you do last night? B: I teatched a movie on television, ‘What are you doing right now? ‘am working on English grammar. What were you doing at this time yesterday? ‘Ac this exact time yesterday, I was tealking from the bookstore to the classroom building. = p> 5. A: Hare you ever seen a comet? B: [ve seen shooting stars, but [ve never seen 2 comet. 6. A: What will you do if you miss the bus tomorrow morning? B: I will walk to school. 7. As What will you be doing at this exact moment tomorrow? B: At this exact time tomorrow, I ‘will be arrending my English class. 8. A: How long have you been working on this grammar exercise? B: T have been working on this grammar exercise for ten minutes. 9, A: How long wil you hauy been working on this exercise by the Ume you finish it? B: By the time I finish this exercise, I will have been working on it for fifteen minutes. 10. A: What had you done by the time you got to class today? B: T had eaten bunch. 11, A: What will you have done by the time you go to bed tonight? B: 1 wil have finished my homework. 12. A: Were you asleep when your friend calied last night? B: Yes. Iwas sleeping when he called. I had been sleeping for almost an hour when the phone rang. FRiocis hac ov “italicized” “io tas” have aslanceé pau, Regula print looks ke this, dna prise rks ha aks. 8 CHAPTER