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Programmer's Guide
Version 6.07
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DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm), is the German Standard Specification as defined by the "Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V."
MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation
PAL is short for "Prüfungs- Aufgaben und Lehrmittelentwicklungsstelle" (Institute for the Development of Examination Standards and
Training Aids), a division of the "IHK Mittlerer Neckar" (Chamber of Industry and Commerce of the Middle-Neckar Region)
Contents
Table of Contents
0 Introduction.....................................................................................................................9
0.1 CNC Simulator Turning with Driven Tools and Counter Spindle ...........................................................10
0.2 Changes and Supplements to the Version 5.x ......................................................................................11
5 Cycles ............................................................................................................................67
5.1 Complete Table of Available Cycles ..................................................................................................... 67
5.2 Threading Cycle G31 ............................................................................................................................ 69
5.3 Travel Range Limitation G36 for Multipass Cycles ............................................................................... 72
5.4 Finishing Allowance G57 ...................................................................................................................... 73
5.5 Straight Roughing Cycle / Rectangular Contour G75 ........................................................................... 77
5.6 Cross Roughing Cycle / Rectangular Contour G76 .............................................................................. 79
5.7 Clearance Cutting Cycle: G78 .............................................................................................................. 81
5.8 Thread Undercut G78 in Compliance with DIN 76................................................................................ 85
5.9 Recessing Cycle with chamfers, roundings and bevelled sides G79 ................................................... 87
5.10 Straight Roughing Cycle for any Contour G81 .................................................................................... 88
5.11 Cross Roughing Cycle with any Contour G82..................................................................................... 98
5.12 Processing Cycle (Last Specified Cycle) G80 .................................................................................. 107
5.13 Contouring Cycle/Multipass Cycle G83............................................................................................. 111
5.14 Travel Range Limitation for Multipass Cycles G36 ........................................................................... 113
5.15 Deep Drilling Cycle G84.................................................................................................................... 115
5.16 Clearance Cutting Cycle G85 ........................................................................................................... 117
5.17 Thread Undercut in Compliance with DIN 76 ................................................................................... 121
5.18 Recessing Cycle for rectangular recesses G86................................................................................ 123
7 Parameters ..................................................................................................................205
9 Setup Form..................................................................................................................215
9.1 Preface ................................................................................................................................................215
9.2 Syntax of the Setup Form....................................................................................................................217
9.3 Setup Data: Beginning/End Indicator...................................................................................................218
9.4 Setup Data: Configuration Files...........................................................................................................218
9.5 Setup Data: Blank................................................................................................................................219
9.6 Setup Data: Prefabricated Part............................................................................................................221
9.7 Setup Data: Clamping Devices............................................................................................................222
9.8 Setup Data: Clamping Mode ...............................................................................................................223
9.9 Setup Data: Tailstock/Sleeve ..............................................................................................................224
9.10 Setup Data: Chucking Depth .............................................................................................................224
11 3D-View .....................................................................................................................233
Index ...........................................................................................................................................................318
0 Introduction
Dear user of the MTS CNC Simulator Turning 6,
To make CNC Software for training and production means for us to follow
carefully the development of CNC machines and controls all the time.
With the target to give you an up-to-date product for the CNC programming of
machining processes with five controllable NC axes, driven tools and counter
spindle the MTS CNC Simulator is being constantly further developed and
updated.
Regarding this edition This Programmer's Guide explains all available NC commands of the MTS
Programming Code. In addition to the DIN 66025 commands, the programming of
machining cycles and segment contour programming are explained. The MTS
Programming Code is non-proprietary, i.e. not any specific to any one
manufacturer's CNC control system.
The MTS Programming Code is non-proprietary, i.e. not any specific to any one
manufacturer's CNC control system.
Part Two, which is far more extensive, explains all commands which are part of the
MTS programming code. For reasons of clarity these have been arranged in three
main sections:
- DIN Commands
- Machining Cycles
- Segment Contour Programming (Contour Strings)
- Counter Spindle
- Driven Tools
The general idea of the Programmer's Guide is to provide the user with
explanations and support as he becomes familiar with manual programming. All
mandatory and optional parameters are explained using NC Blocks and graphically
represented.
0.1 CNC Simulator Turning with Driven Tools and Counter Spindle
Complete Machining The re-developed version 6 of the CNC system turning expands the performance
of the MTS CNC Simulator. In addition to improved programming of rotation
symmetrical machining it is possible to create and simulate easily NC programs for
complete machining with driven tools and a counter spindle. Both of the new
modules are optionally available to the new basic version of CNC Turning 6.
5 Controllable NC For the realization of complex machining tasks 5 controllable NC axes and driven
Axis: tools are available. It is possible to position the C axis exactly and to interpolate it,
X, Z, C, Y, B for instance, to generate geometries by overlaying tool movements. The turret can
additionally be moved in the Y axis and rotated in the B axis.
Counter Spindle To support rear side machining a special free-configurable counter spindle has
been realized on a track of its own for the work part take-over. Counter spindle and
turret can be configured alternatively. For machining on counter spindle a
complete programming code including the application of driven tools is available.
2D- and 3D-Repre- The dynamic simulation of machining with driven tools is carried out in the CNC
sentation in Simulator Turning in multiple windows technique enabling both 2D as well as 3D
Multiple Windows representations of the machining process. Hereby the contour of the work part
Technique being machined is being constantly updated.
Screen Layout in
CNC Simulator 6
Turning during
Machining with
Driven Tools
When machining with driven tools the following four windows are represented on
the screen:
3D-Collision During machining processes with driven tools collision monitoring is carried out in
Monitoring 3D window. It considers the clamping device, the non-cutting parts of the tool
(shaft, take-over, turret) as well as the cutting part of the tool during rapid speed
movement of the tool.
NC Data Analysis The CNC Simulator Turning 6 offers as an effective function the possibility to
acquire production-relevant technology information during the simulation of an NC
program.
Old: New:
Summary of some When uniforming MTS syntax some of the commands were put together:
G-commands The previous cycles G87 (radius) and G88 (chamfer) were put together to G88.
This cycle can generate both radii and chamfers.
The previous cycles G65 (straight roughing cycle, conical contour) and G66 (plane
roughing cycle, conical contour) are replaced by the cycle G89.
Some new G To extend the performance of MTS syntax for the NC programming of rotation-
commands as symmetrical machining additional addresses were included in some G commands.
syntax extension
The parameters of the cycles G81 (straight roughing cycle of any contour) and G82
(plane roughing cycle of any contour) were extended. The parameters E, A, O and
Q have been added.
Examples P : X= 20, Y= 30
P : X=-20, Y= 15
P : X= 40, Y=-25
Diagram 1.4
1 Basic Geometry
In this chapter we outline the basic mathematical and technical knowledge, as
required for NC programming.
Origin of the The coordinate system is composed of two axes at a right angle; each axis is
Coordinate System scaled, so that numeral values can be marked off on it. The intersection point of the
two axes is the origin (or zero point) of the coordinate system. As a rule the
horizontal axis is designated as the X axis, the vertical axis as the Y axis.
The coordinate system used for turning is different in that the horizontal axis is
designated as Z and the vertical axis is designated as X.
Coordinates A coordinate system serves to definitely locate each point, by specifying its
coordinates (in numeral values) on the X and Y axes.
i.e. the location of the point is defined by marking off (from the origin) the value 20
in the positive direction X and the value 30 in the positive direction Y.
Polar In addition to the cartesian system, polar coordinates are used, e.g. in cases where
Coordinate System a large number of angle dimensions must be programmed.
Coordinate System A two-dimensional coordinate system is used for turning. The Z-coordinate is
for CNC Turning marked off on the horizontal axis, the diameter X is set on the vertical (half) axis
(see Diagram 1.4).
Diagram 1.5 : Position and graphic symbols denoting the reference points of a CNC lathe
Diagram 1.6 : The dimensioning is dependent on the location of the workpiece zero.
Postaxial machining
Preaxial machining
Diagram 1.7 : The coordinate system is dependent on the tool position
Machine Zero The origin of the reference system is called the machine zero (or datum). It is
defined by the manufacturer and cannot be modified.
Reference Point A point within the travel range of the turret reference point is determined as the
reference point to which the coordinate systems of the slide axes relate. With
lathes using an incremental system of coordinates, the tool must be moved to the
reference point after each startup of the machine. When absolute measuring
systems are employed, it is not necessary to move it to the reference point. The
appropriate type of machine can be determined in the configuration program (cf.
Configuration Manual).
Tool Reference Point All tool slide movements executed by the control system, according to the specified
coordinates, will relate to the tool reference point, which is situated on the front
face of the tool mounting. To compute the target position of the tool tip, the control
system needs to be informed of the tool compensation value, denoting the
distance between the tool reference point and the tool nose. From these differential
values the system will compute the distances to the target point. (cf. Section 1.4:
Tool Geometry - Compensation Values).
Workpiece Zero The workpiece zero, as related to the machine zero, can be determined at will. It is
advisable, however, to define the workpiece zero as identical to the origin (zero
point of the coordinate system) of the workpiece design drawing - in this way the
dimensions can be read in directly from the drawing.
F
If the workpiece zero is located on the right front face of the workpiece
(see Diagram 1.6), the Z coordinates must be programmed with a negative
sign.
Tool Position Note: the coordinate system is also dependent on the position of the tool slide,
which may be either "in front of" or behind" the centre line as viewed from a position
in front of the machine tool (i.e. to the right or the left of the rotational axis of the
workpiece, as seen from the drive / clamped side), depending on the make of the
lathe (see Diagram 1.7). In this manual the corresponding differentiation of tools
and their position are be denoted by the terms "preaxial / postaxial".
Absolute Dimensioning :
Incremental Dimensioning:
Diagram 1.8
Diagram 1.9
(Relative Dimensioning)
The following dimensioning systems are commonly used with design drawings
(see Diagram 1.8):
Absolute Dimensioning In the absolute system all dimensions relate to the origin (zero point) of the
(Fixed Zero System) coordinate system, which is also called the dimensioning reference point.
Incremental Contrary to the absolute system, the incremental dimensioning system is based on
Dimensioning the specification of the distance between a current point and its preceding point on
an axis. Because in this system a sequence of additive dimensions is produced, it
is called incremental.
Depending on the type of dimensioning used in the drawing, the tool motions of an
NC program can be programmed either in the absolute or in the incremental
system of coordinates. (see Diagram 1.9).
Diagram 1.11
The angular position of the reversible tip is The angular position of the reversible tip is less
greater than the infeed angle than the infeed angle
Diagram 1.12
- diameter
- maximum drilling depth
Angular Position of The angular position of the reversible tip is of critical importance especially with the
the Reversible Tip generation of falling contours, because it determines the maximum possible angle
at which the tool feeds down towards the interior of the workpiece (infeed angle). If
the angle is less than the angle of the contour to be cut, the contour will be gouged
or the tool holder will collide with the workpiece contour. (see Diagram 1.12).
F
The maximum angle at which the tool feeds down into the workpiece should be
determined to be, as a rule, 2-3° smaller than the adjustable angular position of the
reversible tip.
Minimum Diameter The minimum diameter of a drilled hole allowing the insertion of a tool (e.g. internal
recessing tool) without touching the surface of the workpiece.
The tool compensation value in Z is determined The tool compensation values in X and Z are
by the distance on the Z-axis between the determined by the distances between the tool nose
cutting point and the tool reference point. and the tool reference point in the direction of the X
and Z axes.
Diagram 1.13 : Tool compensation
Diagram 1.15 : A comparison of tooling quadrants and TNC vectors (CNC lathe for tooling
behind centre)
It follows that the distance between the theoretical cutting point of the tool nose
and the tool reference point must be determined for every tool, so that the actual
tool path can be computed. Each of these differential values is stored as a tool
compensation value in a corresponding compensation value storage.
Compensation The control system must be informed of the distances in the directions X and Z
Values between the theoretical cutting point of the tool nose and the tool reference point for
each tool to be used (see Diagram 1.13). These differential values are stored in
corresponding compensation value storages. In computing the feed motion of a
selected tool, the control system accounts for the applicable compensation values,
to the effect that the tool nose (i.e. the theoretical cutting point) feeds precisely to
the programmed target position.
Tool Nose In computing the cutter path, the control system assumes a theoretical cutting
Compensation point. The actual cutting edge of the tool nose however is rounded, with a radius
Vector ranging from some tenths of a millimeter to a circular tip.
With each tool the theoretical cutting point of the tool nose must be defined by
the tool nose compensation vector (TNC vector) to make sure that the control
system can compute the path of the actual cutting point in the execution of a cycle.
The TNC vector defines the theoretical position of the tool nose (in the directions X
and Z) relative to its centre (see Diagram 1.14). The tool management predefines a
TNC vector for every tool available in the Simulator system.
Quadrants Alternatively the TNC vector can be determined by eight tooling quadrants (as
shown in Diagram 1.15 ). This is common practice and applicable to standard
cases. cannot, however, be applied in all cases.
Diagram 1.16 :
Diagram 1.17 :
Diagram 1.18 :
In computing the tool motion the control system assumes the movement of the
theoretical cutting point of the tool nose along the programmed contour. Every time
the tool executes a programmed movement not parallel to either the X- or Z-axis,
however, deviations from the desired contour and the corresponding dimensions
will occur, due to the radius of the tip of the tool employed (see Diagram 1.17).
When tool nose compensation is activated, the control system will compute the
path of the centre of the tool nose, equidistant to the contour, accounting for
the radius. Taking account of either the tooling quadrant or the TNC vector, the
theoretical cutting point is shifted to the centre of the tool nose radius, which will
then be computed to move on the path accordingly offset from the programmed
contour (see Diagram 1.18).
N Block Number
G G- Command
X³
ÃÄ Coordinates of the Target Position
Z³
F Feed
S Speed
Blocks Each NC program comprises a number of so-called blocks, which contain the
commands to be executed.
These blocks are consecutively numbered; each block number consisting of the
letter "N" plus a (e.g. three-digit) numeral. Block numbers appear at the beginning
of each program line.
A numeral may either denote a code (e.g. G01: Linear Feed Motion ) or a value
(e.g. X+60 : Approaching the Target Coordinate X=60).
G 01 X 60 F 0.07
| | | | | |
Address Code Address Value Address Value
Examples of modal commands are: spindle speed, feedrate, sense of rotation, tool
selection etc. Once entered, these commands will remain active also with the
subsequently programmed blocks.
N120 The tool moves on a straight line (G01) from its current position to the target
position Z=-60.
N125 Because G01 is a modal command, the tool moves once again on a (vertical)
straight line upwards to X=70.
Diagram 2.2 : Tool motions effected by modal commands (G01) for roughing
Addresses which are not mandatory but may instead be programmed with a
specific command ("Optional Addresses") appear in brackets in the applicable
program line .
When one of the given addresses must or may be programmed, they appear
together, separated by a slash.
Example G82 K... [X... Z...] [R... V...] [H... W...] [L...] [E...] [A...] [O...] [Q...]
If X is programmed, Z must be programmed as well. If R is programmed, V must
be programmed as well just so if H is programmed, W must be programmed as
well (and vice versa).
3.2 Coolant
M00 After the execution of a block which contains the command M00, the
program execution will be halted, to allow gauging of the workpiece.
M30 This command serves to terminate the program. The spindle rotation
and the coolant pump will be deactivated and the automatic program
run is terminated. All incremental or rotary zero shifts (G59) are
undone (with older types of NC lathes the punched tape will be
rewound).
M02 The system quits the automatic mode after execution of that NC block
in which M02 has been programmed ( with older types of NC lathes
the punched tape will not be rewound).
M20 If the tailstock has been selected, the M20 command serves to lock
the centre sleeve.
3.6 Feedrate
Example: F000.200
F
Alternatively the feedrate may be programmed in millimeters per minute (see G94
and G95).
Example: S1800
F
If you decide to program an NC block containing one or several M - functions
together with a G-command, please take care to observe the proper sequence of
command execution, as listed in the following table:
G04 Dwell
G33 Threading
Programming
Absolute Dimensions:
N... G90
N...
ò
N...
N115 G00 X+30 Z+5
Diagram G00.1 : Programming absolute dimensions - the tool moves to the point X=30/Z=5.
In this example the X-coordinate is programmed relative to the
diameter.
Programming Incremental
Dimensions:
N... G91
N...
ò
N...
N115 G00 X-12,5 Z-35
Diagram G00.2 : Programming incremental dimensions - the tool moves in the direction X by
the value 12.5 and in the direction Z by the value -35 .
Positioning the tool at X+30 / Z+5 will be possible only if the tool has been
positioned at X+55, Z+40 (start position) in the preceding block.
In this example the X-coordinate is programmed relative to the radius.
1) Ifa tool movement parallel to an axis is desired, the respective target coordinate
will be identical with that of the current tool position. It does not have to be
programmed separately, as the coordinate address is self-retentive.
If none of the coordinates in X and Z has been programmed, only the rapid traverse
function will be retained.
F Feedrate (mm/rev)
S Speed (RPM)
T Tool Change
M Additional Function
Programming Hints If a tool change, a change of the feedrate and/or a change of spindle speed is
programmed within the same NC block, the tool change will be executed first; the
change of speed is effected at the beginning of the tool movement, while at the
same time the feedrate value is entered to the register.
F
When absolute dimensioning (G90) is operative, the X-coordinate is
programmed relative to the diameter of the workpiece.
N... G90
N...
ò
N...
N115 G01 X+140 Z-90
Diagram G01.1 : Programming absolute dimensions - the tool moves to the point X=140, Z=-90.
The X-coordinate is programmed relative to the diameter.
N... G91
N...
ò
N...
N115 G01 X+20 Z-60
Diagram G01.2 : Programming incremental dimensions - the tool moves in the direction X by the
value 20 and in the direction Z by the value-60 .
Positioning the tool at X+140, Z-90 will be possible only if the tool has been
positioned at X+100, Z-30 (start position) in the previous block.
The X-coordinate is programmed relative to the radius.
F Feedrate (mm/rev)
S Speed (RPM)
T Tool Change
M Additional Function
Programming Hints If a tool change, a change of the feedrate and/or a change of speed has been
programmed within the same NC block, these functions will be executed before the
tool is moved to the target position.
F
When absolute dimensioning (G90) is operative, the X-coordinate is
programmed relative to the diameter of the workpiece.
NC Block G02 [X...]1) [Z...]1) [I...]2) [K...]2) [F...] [S...] [T...] [M...]
Optional Addresses X X-Coordinate of the target point
When absolute dimensions are programmed (G91), X relates to the
workpiece diameter. When incremental dimensions are programmed
(G91), X relates to the workpiece radius.
I Circle Centre Incremental (distance between the starting position and the
circle centre in the direction X, relative to the radius).
K Circle Centre Incremental (distance between the starting position and the
circle centre in the direction Z).
2) When I or K (as described above) are not programmed, the respective centre
coordinate is set to zero.
F Feedrate (mm/rev)
S Spindle Speed (RPM)
T Tool Change
M Additional Function
Programming Example:
Programming Hints The coordinates X and Z may either be programmed in the absolute system (G90)
or in the incremental system (G91). The default mode for definition of centre
coordinates I and K is incremental (relative to the starting point). In the
configuration program for the control system for turning the centre dimensioning
can be set to the absolute system (see Configuration Manual).
If a tool change, a change of the feedrate and/or a change of speed has been
programmed within the same NC block, these commands will be executed before
the tool is moved to the target position.
NC Block G03 [X...]1) [Z...]1) [I...]2) [K...]2) [F...] [S...] [T...] [M...]
Optional Addresses X X-Coordinate of the target point
When absolute dimensions are programmed (G91), X is related to the
workpiece diameter. When incremental dimensions are programmed
(G91), X is related to the radius of the workpiece.
I Circle Centre Incremental (distance between the starting position and the
centre of the circle in the direction X, relative to the radius).
K Circle Centre Incremental (distance between the starting position and the
centre of the circle in the direction Z).
2) When I or K (as described above) are not programmed, the respective centre
coordinate is set to zero.
F Feedrate (mm/rev)
S Spindle Speed (RPM)
T Tool Change
M Additional Function
Programming Example:
Programming Hints The coordinates X and Z may either be programmed in the absolute system (G90)
or in the incremental system (G91). The default mode for definition of centre
coordinates I and K is incremental (relative to the starting point). In the
configuration program for the control system for turning, the centre dimensioning
can be set to the absolute system (see Configuration Manual).
If a tool change, a change of the feedrate and/or a change of speed has been
programmed within the same NC block, these commands will be executed before
the tool is moved to the target position.
Programming Hints The dwell time must be specified in seconds, at the address X.
The G04 command must be programmed in a separate NC block.
3D view
of an hexagon
Explanation: As NC programs are executed continuously, i.e. without interruption of the feed
motion, position errors such as lags or overshots may occur. To move the tool
precisely to the programmed coordinates, the G09 command must be
programmed.
Programming Example:
Programming Hints The G09 command must be programmed at the end of the NC block.
NC Block G20
Explanation When this function has been programmed, all coordinate values must be specified
in inches. Accordingly the units of the following technology data will change:
At the end of each program (M30) the control system will automatically return to the
configured unit of measurement.
NC Block G21
Explanation When this function has been programmed, all coordinate values must be specified
in millimeter. Accordingly the units of the following technology data will change:
At the end of each program (M30) the control system will automatically return to the
configured unit of measurement.
Programming Example:
ò
N...
N... G22 U5678
Programming Example:
ò
N...
N... /02 G22 U1234
Diagram G22.2 : Multiple invocation of a subprogram from a main program, wihth the
omission of certain NC blocks (optional block skip).
Optional Block Skip The address "/" (slash code) causes the control system to omit ("skip") certain NC
blocks during a subprogram run. A selection of blocks marked to be skipped
constitutes a "level" of block omissions, several of which may be defined for each
subprogram, e.g.: those blocks which have been skipped in the first execution of
the subprogram (level 1) will be executed during the second run of the same
subprogram (level 2). Conversely: The set of blocks executed at the first invocation
of the subprogram will be marked to be skipped in the second run.
At the end of each defined subprogram the command M99 must be programmed,
to cause the control system to return to the main program, or to the subprogram
from which the current subprogram has been invoked. This return condition may be
edited in the configuration program (cf. the Configuration Manual: Subprograms).
Programming Example:
Programming Hints Programming the addresses O and Q is mandatory. If the address S is not
programmed, a single repetition of the specified program part will be executed.
Programming Example:
F
The addresses O and Q can be programmed several times within the NC
command G25, and each time with different values.
Programming Hints For the programming of the command G25 no coordinate entries are needed as
the location of the reference point is specified in the machine configuration and it is
consequently known to the CNC control. Within the MTS CNC simulator the set-up
can be made in the configuration of the CNC machine.
F
The addresses O and Q can be programmed several times within the NC
command G26, and each time with different values.
Programming Hints For the programming of the command G26 no coordinate entries are needed as
the location of the reference point is specified in the machine configuration and it is
consequently known to the CNC control. Within the MTS CNC simulator the set-up
can be made in the configuration of the CNC machine.
F
Determination of the coordinates of the tool changing position is part of the
configuration (see the Configuration Manual).
Note In the MTS CNC simulator Turning 6 a CNC machine with a counter spindle has
the command G28 that means Machining on the counter spindle.
For a machine without a counter spindle the command G28 means Positioning the
Tailstock
Function The G28 command serves to move the tailstock in the course of an NC program.
Programming Example:
Programming Example:
Programming Example:
Explanation When only G33 is programmed, the thread will be cut in a single pass. If thread
cutting in consecutive steps is desired, each step must be programmed as a
separate NC block. The current tool position at the cycle invocation will be
considered as the starting point. It follows that the tool must have been positioned
at the desired starting point by appropriate programming in the previous block.
Conversely with threading cycle G31 the starting point is computed by the control
system.
Programming Hints With cylinder and taper threads <= 45° the lead F is marked off on the Z-axis cross.
With taper threads of > 45° the lead value is entered on the X-axis (see Diagram
G33.2).
Programming Example:
N235 G40
N240 G80
Programming Example:
N235 G40
N240 G80
If tool nose compensation (TNC) is selected, the system will compute an offset path
(equidistant) for the tool tip, accounting for the actual radius of the tool nose as well
as for the position of the theoretical tool nose (cutting point) relative to the tip
centre. In this calculation the tooling quadrant or the compensation vector (TNC
vector) of the theoretical cutting point of the tool nose are used. In this way the
desired contour can be programmed directly from the workpiece drawing;
transformatory calculations become unneccessary (cf. Section1.6: Tool Geometry,
ff.).
The qualifications left / right apply to the direction in which the tool travels along the
contour.
NC Block G41 Compensation to the right of the contour (viewed in cutting direction)
Programming Hints If tool nose compensation (TNC) has been activated for a program part, the
following must be observed:
NC Block G40
Programming Hints The G40 command must be programmed as a separate NC block.
Function With the command G48 it is possible to program travel movements in rapid speed.
Unlike the standard command G00 the programmed target position is approached
in case of G48 not with the cutting edge point but either with the tool carrier
reference point (standard) or with the tool holder reference point (switch Q1). How
the programmed target position is approached can be defined with the optional
address O.
Addresses
F The addresses O and Q can be programmed several times and respectively with
different values within the NC command G48
Programming Example:
ò
N285 G50
Diagram G51 : Automatic overlay display of the workpiece contour onto the blank.
ò
G50
Explanation The command G51 and the subsequent address values (X and Y to define the
beginning point of the contour, O and Q to select the desired options) must be
entered prior to generation of the contour. The easiest way to determine a contour
is by employing the WOP functions (see below: Segment Contour Programming).
Entering the G50 command terminates the contour generation.
After this, the user must return to the Teach-In mode for manual tooling.
For a more detailed description of the Teach-In mode, please refer to the CNC
Simulator Operation Manual.
Programming Hints To ensure an error-free graphic display of the programmed final contour, the
contour definition must be complete, i.e. the starting point as well as the end point
must be situated on the centre line (rotation axis).
Blank:
The reference point is the machine datum
Diagram G54.1
Programming Example:
Diagram G54.2: To generate the contour in this example the workpiece zero point is
positioned on the face end of the workpiece (G54).
Programming Example:
Diagram G54.3 : To execute the recessing cuts in this example the workpiece zero point is
positioned off the rotation axis (G56).
Furthermore a specific workpiece zero can be defined at will for each NC program.
To avoid additional computing efforts in the programming, however, it should be
positioned in a way that as many coordinate values as possible can be immediately
read in as specified in the workshop drawing. With turning workpieces, in most
cases the zero point will be situated on the rotational axis (X=0) on the front face of
the part (see Diagram G54.2).
To facilitate the programming of complex contours (see the recessing cuts shown
in Diagram G54.3) it is advisable to define a new zero in compliance with the
coordinate system of the design drawing. Using the commands G54, G55, G56 and
G57 up to four different workpiece zero points can be defined - the respective
coordinates may either be specified in the applicable program line or pre-defined
and stored in the set-up mode, by setting the axes to zero or touching the
workpiece (for details, see the CNC Simulator Manual). Each stored zero point can
be activated by the corresponding address in the NC program (e.g.: G56 - see
Diagram G54.3).
Programming Hints A zero point storage is assigned to each of the four G-commands G54, G56 and
G58. The command G54, for example, will also activate the corresponding G54
zero point storage. If one or two coordinate addresses are programmed together
with G54, the applicable values are entered to the zero point storage prior to
activating the zero. Alternatively these coordinates may be defined in the setup
mode, by touching the workpiece.
Coordinate values of the current zero point always relate to the machine zero, even
when several origins are defined within the same NC program, i.e. a workpiece
zero is always determined in absolute coordinates.
The defined zero points are self-retentive: they will remain operative, even after a
change of program, until they are overwritten. After a restart of the CNC Simulator,
all coordinates are set to zero.
In the CNC Simulator the position of the machine zero can be defined in the
configuration program (see the Configuration Manual for a detailed description).
Programming Example:
N110 G59 X+40 Z+100
Diagram G59.1 : The origin of the coordinate system is shifted to the absolute coordinates
X=40 / Z=100 .
Programming Example:
N110 G59 X+40 Z+100 I+20 K-30 A+120
Diagram G59.2 : The coordinate system is first shifted to the point X=40 / Z= 100 and then rotated
by 120° about the point defined by the incremental coordinates I=-20K=-30.
Optional Addresses I X-coordinate of the rotation centre, incremental to the currently shifted
intermediate origin
K Z-coordinate of the rotation centre, incremental to the currently shifted
intermediate origin
A Rotation angle, incremental
Explanation In many cases the programming of complex workpiece contours can be much
facilitated by defining a so-called "intermediate reference point" (i.e. a temporary
coordinate system, to which the dimensioning will relate, instead of the original
system). The command G59 serves to shift and/or rotate the coordinate system as
desired.
If only a shift of the coordinate system is intended, the origin of the new system can
be defined by setting up the applicable X and Z-coordinates. In this case it is not
necessary to program the addresses I, K and A (see Diagram G59.1).
Programming Hints Any shift effected by the command G59 applies to the current origin (which itself
may have been set by a G59 shift).
Remember that the rotation angle increases accordingly when repeated zero shifts
are effected within the same program.
NC Block G53
NC Block G90
Programming Example:
N... G90
N...
ò
N...
N115 G01 X+140 Z-90
Programming Hints When absolute dimensions are specified, the X coordinate is related to the
diameter.
NC Block G91
Programming Example:
N... G91
N...
ò
N...
N115 G01 X+20 Z-60
Programming Hints When incremental dimensions are specified, the X coordinate relates to the
radius.
Programming Example:
Programming Hints The spindle speed limitation will only take effect if a constant cutting speed (G96)
has been programmed.
Programming Example:
F
If the unit of measurement has been switched from millimeters to inches (see NC
command G20), the programmed feedrate will be interpreted accordingly in inches
per minute.
Programming Example:
F
When the unit of measurement is switched from millimeters to inches (see NC
command G20), the programmed feedrate will be interpreted accordingly in inches
per revolution.
Explanation With turning operations the surface cutting speed is dependent on the programmed
spindle speed as well as on the current X-coordinate of the tool nose. To keep
the cutting speed constant, the result from the multiplication of the speed and the
tool nose coordinate in X must be kept as a constant value in the control system.
When smaller X-coordinate values are specified, the spindle speed will increase
accordingly.
Programming Example:
Programming Hints When the machining requires small X-coordinate values, the command G92 should
be programmed to limit the spindle speed, so as to avoid exceeding the maximum
speed permissible with the clamping device.
If the addresses F, T and M have been defined in a previous block, they need not
be programmed once again in the G 96 block.
Programming Hints If no spindle speed S is programmed in the G97 block, the speed computed at the
last activation of the constant cutting speed command G96 will be retained.
The maximum spindle speed, as programmed in G92, will also be retained for
future invocations of the G96 command.
5 Cycles
G60 Face Milling Cycle (with Driven Tools) 262 and 304
G61 Drilling Cycle (with Driven Tools) 264, 278, 293 and 306
G62 Thread Tapping (with Driven Tools) 265, 279, 294 and 307
G63 Reaming/Boring (with Driven Tools) 266, 280, 295 and 308
G64 Square Pocket/Groove (with Driven Tools) 267, 281, 296 and 309
G65 Circular Pocket (with Driven Tools) 268, 282, 297 and 310
G66 Tapping (with Driven Tools) 270, 283, 298 and 311
G67 Cycle on a Circle (with Driven Tools) 270, 284, 299 and 312
G68 Cycle on a Radius (with Driven Tools) 271, 285, 300 and 313
G69 Cycle at a Point (with Driven Tools) 272, 286, 301 and 314
G85 Clearance Cutting Cycle G85 / DIN 509 Type E and F Thread 117
Undercut / DIN 76
Programming Example:
Diagram G31.1 : Single thread - the Z-coordinate of the starting point is identical with the
Z-coordinate of the theoretical start of the thread.
Programming Example:
NC Block G31 X... Z... D... F... S.../J... [A...] [Q...] [I.../E...]
or G31 X... Z... D... F... K... A... [Q...] [I.../E...]
Addresses X X-Coordinate of the theoretical end of the thread:
- determines the nominal diameter with external threads
- determines the core diameter with internal threads.
Programming Example:
Diagram G31.3 : Taper thread - the thread angle can be programmed either by the address
E (angle to the Z-axis) or by the address I (difference between the radii at the
theoretical start and end of the thread).
Programming Example:
Diagram G31.4 : Internal thread - the X-coordinate of the starting point must be less than the
X-coordinate of the theoretical start of the thread.
Prior to the invocation of cycle G31 the starting point must be approached in the
directions X and Z. The system will then discern internal and external threading by
reading the difference between the starting position and the programmed X-
coordinate:
- If the X-coordinate of the starting point is less than the coordinate of the
theoretical end of the thread, an internal thread cut will be executed
(see Diagram G31.4).
- If the X-value is greater, an external thread cut will be executed
(see Diagram G31.1).
When the address S is not programmed the control system will compute the
number of cuts from the programmed addresses. After each cutting pass the tool
returns to the Z-coordinate of the starting position in rapid motion. After completion
of the cycle the tool returns to the starting position.
Programming Hints As the Z-coordinate of the starting point is equal to the Z-coordinate of the
theoretical start of the thread, the starting point must be determined at a sufficient
distance from the workpiece, to ensure the necessary path velocity (speed x
feedrate) has been reached before the tool engages in the workpiece.
Accordingly, the deceleration rate of the drive must be accounted for when
programming the theoretical end of the thread.
For a more detailed explanation, see the description of the contouring cycle G83
below.
Function With command G57 it is possible to program finishing allowance for roughing
cycles. The roughing cycle called below (e.g. G81) then generates a contour which
is shifted by the value of the finishing allowance in X, Z or equidistant.
Programming When starting the computer no finishing allowance is active. If G57 is programmed
hints the finishing allowance remains active within the active NC programs until it is
deactivated or G57 is re-programmed with other values.
Outside machining
a) finishing
allowance in X
and Z of a
monotonously
ascending
contour
b) equidistant
finishing
allowance of a
non
monotonous
contour
Inside machining
a) finishing
allowance in X
and Z of a
monotonously
descending
contour
b) equidistant
finishing
allowance of a
non
monotonous
contour
Programming Example:
Diagram G75.1
Example: R = 0.5 mm
V = 2.5 mm
Diagram G75.2
Example: D = 4 mm
L = 50
Diagram G75.3
Programming Hints The feedrate and the cutting speed must have been programmed in a preceding
NC block.
As the first infeed is executed from the initial tool position (the starting point), when
the cycle is invoked the tool must be positioned in direction X either above (outside)
the external diameter of the blank or below (inside) the internal diameter,
depending on whether external or internal machining is required.
Programming Example:
Diagram G76.1
Example: R = 1 mm
V = 3 mm
Diagram G76.2
Example: D = 4 mm
L = 50
Diagram G76.3
78 Programmer's Guide for CNC Turning, Version 6.07
Cross Roughing Cycle / Rectangular Contour G76
Programming Hints The feedrate and the cutting speed must have been programmed in a preceding
NC block.
As the first infeed is executed from the initial tool position (the starting point), when
the cycle is invoked the tool must be positioned in the direction X, either above
(outside) the external diameter of the blank or below (inside) the internal diameter,
depending on whether external or internal machining is required.
Programming Example:
Diagram G78.1
Programming Example:
Diagram G78.2
The only difference in geometry between clearance cuts type E and F is determined
by parameter t2 (see Diagrams G78.1 and G78.2). With specific address
combinations the dimensions of the clearance cut can be programmed as desired
(see table below).
Cross Reference Conversely, a clearance cut programmed as a G85 cycle depends on the
workpiece diameter.
Addresses X X-Coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed.
Z Z-Coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed.
L The clearance cut is determined by the DIN parameter L :
L01: clearance cut according to DIN 509 type E
L02: clearance cut according to DIN 509 type F
O At address O the clearance cut geometry is programmed (see table below).
The value f defines the length, r defines the radii, t1 defines the depth and t2
(with type F only) defines the machining allowance of the clearance cut:
To the desired dimensions of the clearance cut, the applicable threedigit entry
must be made at address O.
Programming Example:
Diagram G78.3 : The clearance cut is shifted in the X and Z directions by the value
programmed at D.
Diagram G78.5: Approach angle with tool nose compensation (TNC) in operation.
Programming Hints To ensure that the clearance cutting cycle is executed according to the
programmed dimensions it is advisable to ensure that the starting point has been
correctly programmed (see diagrams G78.4 and G78.5). Due to the relatively small
dimensions concerned we also recommend the programming of tool nose
compensation (see G41/G42).
Thread Undercut
in Compliance with DIN
76
Programming Example:
Diagram G78.6
Addresses X X-coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed
Z Z-coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed
I Depth of cut relative to the radius
K Length of the clearance cut. Only positive values programmed at K are valid.
Programming Hints Please note that due to the geometry of a clearance cut, the value determining the
length K must be at least 2,34 times the value I determining the depth.
The radius r is computed by the control system, according to the cutting depth I.
The radius will always be at a ratio of 0.6 of the programmed depth.
Cross Reference The G78 cycle with its addresses X, Z, I and K is identical to the thread undercut
G85 with the same addresses.
Programming Example:
Diagram G79.1 : Recessing cycle with chamfers at the upper edges of the recess and
roundings at the bottom.
Programming Example:
Optional Addresses A Chamfer at the upper edge of recess, length related to the Z-coordinate.
H Radius of rounding at the upper edge of the recess.
R Chamfer at the bottom edge, length related to the Z-coordinate.
W Radius of rounding at the bottom edge of the recess.
I Finishing allowance in the direction X, as related to the diameter.
K Allowance relative to the Z-coordinate.
D Width of recess:
if D+ is programmed, the recess is executed to the right of the corner
point X,Z.
if D- is programmed, the recess is executed to the left of the corner
point X,Z.
J Distance of the tool clearance plane in X from the workpiece before
invocation of the cycle invocation. The value programmed at J relates to the
diameter.
O Recess side angle to the positive X-axis at the corner point X,Z.
(see Diagram G79.2). The angle, specified in tenths of a degree, must not
exceed 45°. When no bevel is programmed, the address value will be set to
O=0 .
Q Recess side angle to the positive X-axis at the side opposite to the corner
point X,Z. (see Diagram G79.2). The angle, specified in tenths of a degree,
must not exceed 45°. When no bevel is programmed, the address value will
be set to Q=0 .
Explanation Starting from the actual tool position at cycle invocation (starting point), the
rectangular recess (as indicated by the dashed lines in Diagram G79.2) is cut in the
first pass, accounting for the programmed finishing allowances I and K. In the
second pass the recess is cut to the finished size as programmmed at X/Z and D,
including the execution of eventual chamfers, roundings and bevelled sides.
Function With the command G81 a cycle to machine straight roughing (parallel to Z axis)
can be programmed with any connecting contour. The cycle can be used for inside
as well as for outside machining.
NC-Command G81 I... [X... Z...] [R... V...] [H... W...] [L...] [E...] [A...] [O...] [Q...]
F Please note:
It is possible that the contour to be machined with the cycle in question is
eventually modified by the programming of the angles E and A. In such a case
there might be a remaining chip left over. Therefore, the system displays the
following warning: Contour cannot be fully machined with the tool.
When declining contour sections or undercuts with a small finishing allowance are
being machined it is necessary to select tool nose compensation. In such a case
G41 or G42 needs to be called with the cycle G81 immediately after the NC block,
i.e. prior to programming the contour. The tool nose compensation is to be
switched off after contour description, prior to the cycle call G81. The cycle G81
uses the work part contour for the definition of the cutting radius compensation by
calculating the mathematical equidistant in distance of the cutting radius of the tool
applied. The equidistant is then used for the definition of the travel paths of the
tool. This procedure corresponds to a free preview when calculating the
cutting radius compensation.
A finishing allowance (in X, Z or equidistant) can be programmed with
command G57.
If the diameter of the current tool for outside machining is larger or for inside
machining smaller than the diameter of the final point of the programmed contour
at the moment the cycle G81 is being called, the contour is extended to the outside
or to the inside respectively up to the diameter of the current tool position.
Programming ...
example N010 G51 X+0 Z+0 O+1
N011 G71 X+35 Z+0
Programming of a N012 ...
nominal contour ...
G51 and a limiting ... description of the nominal contour ...
window G80 for ...
straight roughing N050 G50
with G81 N051 G81 I+4
N052 G80 X+5 Z-80...
Programming ...
example N145 G00 X+50 Z+5
N150 G81 X+18 Z+3 I+7
Straight roughing N155 G42
cycle N160 ...
for any contour ...
(outside machining) ... description of the contour ...
...
N215 G40
N220 G80
...
Programming ...
example N345 G00 X+8 Z+6
N350 G81 X+76 Z+4 I+7
Straight roughing N355 G41
cycle N360 ...
for any contour ...
(inside machining) ... description of the contour ...
...
N415 G40
N420 G80
...
H specifies for chip breaking the string after which the infeed is interrupted in each
case. W specifies the string the tool is withdrawn before starting to machine again
the string specified under H.
Final roughing
optimizing
a) Cutting division
without final
cutting
optimizing
Recessing angle E
for outside
machining
a) recessing angle
E is larger than
the angle of the
descending
contour
The recessing angle E plays an important role for the programming of the
descending contour. Its value depends on the type of the tool holder applied, and
it is stored in the correction value register of the corresponding tool.
When using the command G81, E can be programmed separately as well. In this
case the cycle uses the value E stored under G81 instead of the respective value
stored in the correction value register of the tool.
To be able to generate a descending contour with a tool the recessing angle E has
to be larger than the angle of the descending contour (a).
If the recessing angle E is smaller than the angle of the descending contour the
programmed contour cannot be machined with the selected tool.(b). When
processing the cycle only the contour which at maximum can be machined with the
current tool is realized. Hereby a final roughing volume remains. In such a case the
following warning is displayed: Contour cannot be fully machined with the tool.
Withdrawal angle
for outside
machining
a) withdrawal angle
A is larger than
the angle of the
descending
contour with
undercuts
b) withdrawal angle = programmed contour
A is smaller than
= maximum contour to
the angle of the
be generated
descending
contour with = remaining final
undercuts roughing volume
The withdrawal angle A plays an important role for the programming of the
ascending contour with undercuts. It depends on the type of the currently applied
tool holder and is stored in the correction value register of the corresponding tool.
When using the command G81 it is possible to program A separately as well. The
cycle then uses the value A programmed under G81 instead of the value stored in
the correction value register of the tool
To be able to generate an ascending contour with a tool the withdrawal angle A has
to be larger than the angle of the ascending contour (a).
If the descending angle A is smaller than the angle of the ascending contour with
undercuts the programmed contour cannot be machined with the selected tool (b).
Therefore, when processing the cycle only the maximum possible contour is
realized. This means that a final roughing volume remains. In such a case the
following warning is displayed: Contour cannot be fully machined with the tool.
a) withdrawal angle
A is larger than
the angle of the
descending
contour with
undercuts
Programming ...
example N25 G00 X+90 Z+10
N30 G57 +1
Recessing and N35 G81 X+20 Z+2 I+5 E+45 A+45
withdrawal angle N40 G42
for straight N45 G01 Z+0
roughing cycle G81 ...
N90 G40
N95 G80
In the first machining phase of this example the programmed contour is roughed
with a corner turning tool (reversible tips Type S, end tool entering angle 45°) in
depth of 1 mm (see the next figure).
During interactive programming the CNC simulator indicates that the programmed
contour cannot be machined completely with this tool. In the graphic representation
the actually roughed area is highlighted in color.
In the second machining phase the contour is roughed with a further corner turning
tool. Here as well, the CNC simulator highlights in color the area which has actually
been roughed (see the next figure). Like for roughing the cycle optimizes the travel
paths automatically., so that empty moves are avoided.
Using recessing
and withdrawal
angle for
programming a
straight roughing
cycle G81 (finishing
of contour)
Travel path
optimizing for
straight roughing
cycle G81
= premachined contour
= cut-out material section area
If optimizing is activated the cycle calculates the diameter of the outer material
edge in the roughing area and starts the infeed I from this outer edge. The
roughing paths including their dimensions are hereby placed on the material
section area to be roughed and all travel paths outside of this area are optimized.
This travel path optimizing which is activated as a standard function enables to
eliminate the so-called empty moves when using the straight roughing cycle G81.
b) G81 without
travel path
optimizing
= Area of the so-called empty moves created through deactivated travel path optimizing
(optional address O1)
= cut-out material section area
= premachined contour
If travel path optimizing has been deactivated the first infeed I starts from the
current tool position or from the outer edge of limiting window stored under G80.
a) G81 without
contour
sequences after
each roughing
level
= if contour sequence function (optional address Q1) is deactivated the corners remain
unfinished after each roughing level
b) G81 with
contour
sequences after
each roughing
level (standard)
Due to activated contour sequences after each roughing level as a standard setting
the edges created by straight roughing cycle G81 are avoided.
Function With the command G82 the cycle for roughing in plane direction (parallel to X axis)
is programmed with any connecting contour. G82 can be used for both inside and
outside machining.
NC-Command G82 K... [X... Z...] [R... V...] [H... W...] [L...] [E...] [A...] [O...] [Q...]
Addresses K Infeed
K indicates the infeed value in Z direction after each cut.
When processing the cycle the infeed value can deviate from the
programmed values, because its value depends on the address values C, V
and L..
Optional X, Z Coordinates of the contour starting point
Addresses If these coordinates have not been programmed the end point of the first
travel command (G00, G01, G02, G03, G71, G72, G72) after the cycle call
becomes the contour starting point.
R Degression of cutting depth
The decrease value for the infeed K after each cut is stored under the
address C.
V Minimum infeed
The minimum infeed value is stored under the address V. The programmed
value V specifies the minimum value to which infeed value K is reduced by
the decrease value C. If V has been programmed, C has to be programmed
as well.
H Chip breaking, infeed interruption in X direction
H specifies the length of the string in X direction after which the infeed is
interrupted for chip breaking. H and W have to be programmed together.
W Chip breaking, tool returns in X direction
W specifies the string the tool returns after chip breaking. H and W have to
be programmed together.
L Final roughing optimizing
A non-fraction percentage (1 <= L <= 100) of the infeed K is programmed
under L. This value is used by the control to increase the infeed for the last
roughing level at maximum by the percentage stored under L in case it is
possible in this way to machine the work part in one machining run to the
next machining level (contour path parallel to X axis).
A Recessing angle of the auxiliary cutting edge of the tool
If no recessing angle has been programmed the control calculates its value
based on the entries in the correction value register of the currently selected
tool..
E Withdrawal angle of the main cutting edge of the tool
If no withdrawal angle has been programmed the control calculates its value
based on the entries in the correction value register of the currently selected
tool.
F Please note:
The contour string processed by the cycle is modified by the programming of the
angle E and A. As in such a case eventually a residual roughing remains the
following warning might be displayed: Contour cannot be fully machined with the
tool.
98 Programmer's Guide for CNC Turning, Version 6.07
Cross Roughing Cycle with any Contour G82
O Deactivating travel movement optimizing
O1 In general, the cycle G82 optimizes the travel path of the tool with
reference to the work part. This function can be switched off by setting O1.
i. e. no travel path optimizing takes place.
Q Deactivating contour strings after each roughing level
Q1 When processing the cycle G82 the tool follows, as a standard, the
contour string up to the preceding roughing level. This function can be
switched off by setting Q1. The tool is then withdrawn from the roughing level
immediately after completing the contour without following the contour.
Programming The starting point of the contour is programmed in the NC block with the cycle
hints call G82 or in the first NC block of the travel command. The subsequent NC blocks
describe the path of the full contour to be machined. The command G80
completes the contour description and also starts the processing of the cycle. With
G80 it is possible to exclude from machining part of the contour by switching it off
with the limiting window.
Immediately after the cycle G82 has been programmed the simulator is able to use
a previously specified nominal contour for executing the cycle G82, as an
alternative to the description of the contour. This can be done with the command
G51. Hereby it is to be noted that in such a case it is absolutely necessary to
program the cycle call G80 with the addresses X and Z for the limiting window
(also see cycle G80).
The cycle G82 then processes only those parts of the programmed nominal
contour which are within the limiting window. Hereby it might occur that the
nominal contour is split into several contour sections by the limiting window. The
cycle consequently generates only those contour sections which can be machined
with the selected tool.
If machining takes place with tool nose compensation G41 or G42 have to be
called immediately after the NC block with the cycle G82, i. e. prior to the
programming of the contour. The selection of the tool nose compensation is to be
placed after the contour description and prior to the cycle call G80.
If the diameter of the current tool position is in case of outside machining larger
or in case of inside machining smaller than the diameter of the end point of the
programmed contour at the moment the cycle G82 is being called, then the end
point will be extended parallel to the axis respectively either to the outside or inside
up to the diameter of the current tool position.
Programming ...
example N045 G00 X+75 Z+2
N050 G82 X+72 Z-35 K+5
Straight roughing N055 G41
cycle with any N060 ...
contour (outside ...
machining) ... description of the contour ...
...
N115 G40
N120 G80
...
Programming ...
example N345 G00 X+10 Z+5
N350 G82 X+15 Z-50 K+7
Plane roughing N355 G42
cycle for any N360 ...
contour (inside ...
machining) ... description of the contour ...
...
N415 G40
N420 G80
...
For chip breaking H specifies the path after which the infeed is interrupted in each
case. W specifies the path the tool returns before starting a new path H as an
infeed.
Optimizing travel
path in plane
roughing cycle G82
of a premachined
work part
= premachined contour
= the maximum contour machinable with the current tool
= cut-out material section area
If travel path optimizing has been activated the cycle calculates the Z coordinate of
the outer material edge in the roughing area and starts the infeed I from this outer
edge. The roughing paths including their dimensions are hereby placed on the
material section area to be roughed and all travel paths outside of this area are
optimized. This travel path optimizing, which is activated as a standard function,
enables to eliminate the so-called empty moves when using the plane roughing
cycle G82.
If travel path optimizing has been deactivated the first infeed I starts from the
current tool position or from the outer edge of the limiting window stored under
G80.
Contour sequences
of plane roughing
cycle G82
a) G82 without
contour
sequences after
each roughing
step
b) G82 with
contour
sequences after
each roughing
step (standard)
Due to activated contour sequences after each roughing step as a standard setting
of the plane roughing cycle G82 unfinished corners are avoided.
Programming a
limiting window for
cycle processing
= starting point
(current tool position when calling the cycle)
= first corner point of the limiting window
= second corner point of the limiting window
= material to be cut off
= contour of the finished part programmed with G51
Programming ...
example N345 G00 X+100 Z+5
N350 G81 I+4
Programming N355 G42
limiting window for N360 ...
cycle processing ...
... contour description ...
...
N415 G40
N420 G80 X+40 Z-75 I+50 K-42
...
The following figures demonstrate the two alternative ways to use the limiting
window. Hereby the full contour was programmed as a nominal contour using the
G51 command. The called straight roughing cycle G81 optimizes the travel paths to
avoid so-called empty moves.
Calling straight
roughing cycle G81
with the NC
command G80
Alternative 1:
G80 X+5 Z-75
= starting point (current tool position when calling the cycle) = second corner
point of the limiting window
= first corner point of the limiting window
= limiting window
= material to be cut off
= full contour programmed with G51 (nominal contour)
Programming Example:
ò
N235 G40
N240 G80
In this example, depending on the position of the Given the same values at I and K but with a
starting point relative to the first contour point, different starting point, the infeed distance I is
programming of infeed K will reduce the number of greater and consequently results in a reduction of
cutting passes required. cutting passes.
Diagram G83.2: If addresses I and K are programmed, the control system will select an
infeed which results in a reduction of cutting passes.
Programming Example:
After each cutting pass the tool is adjusted in direction Z by K=10 (NC Block N300),
relative to the programmed start of the contour. After each feed adjustment the
recessing cycle G79 is executed, resulting in two recesses at a distance of 10 mm.
Programming Hints If tool nose compensation is to be selected during machining, G42 or G41 must be
invoked immediately after the cycle command G83 and prior to the travel
commands. Tool nose compensation must be canceled (by G40) before the cycle is
terminated (by G80).
F
With multipass cycles it is advisable to program the tool path limitation G36.
Particularly when internal cuts are executed, this range limitation is indispensable.
See next page for an explanation of the G36 command.
Programming Example:
ò
N235 G40
N240 G80
Programming Example:
ò
N240 G40
N245 G80
Programming Example:
ò
N195 G40
N200 G80
Diagram G36.3 Travel Range Limitation with Internal Machining
NC Block G36
Explanation The contouring cycle G83 effects the execution of multiple cutting passes along the
programmed contour, the number of passes being dependent of the programmed
depth of cut. As shown in Diagram G36.1, part of the tool motion is outside the
workpiece contour. The G36 command limits the range of tool motions, in order to
reduce the machining time (see Diagram G36.2). With relief cuts, however, this
may result in collisions when the tool plunge is too deep.
The G36 command limits the travel range to the quadrant opposite the tool tip.
The actual path limitation is dependent on the programmed start of the contour:
- when the tool position is higher than the start of the contour, no tool motions
above the programmed X-coordinate will be executed (Diagram G36.2).
- when the tool position is lower than the start of the contour, no tool motions
below the programmed X-coordinate will be executed (Diagram G36.3).
Programming Hints The G36 command must be programmed after the NC block invocating the G83
cycle.
If a finishing allowance G57 is programmed before the start of the cycle, the
programmed value must be taken into account when determining the starting
position of the tool.
Programming Example:
Diagram G84.1
NC Block
G84 Z... A... B... D... K...
Programming Hints The applicable feedrate and speed must be programmed in a preceding NC block.
Programming Example:
Diagram G85.1
Programming Example:
Diagram G85.2
Cross Reference If a clearance cut is programmed as a G78 cycle, the dimensions of the cut can be
programmed at wiil, as long as they remain within a range of pre-defined
dimensions.
Addresses X X-Coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed.
Z Z-Coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed.
Explanation The clearance cut is executed at the programmed corner point, with the following
dimensions, depending on the workpiece diameter:
f length
r radius
t1 depth
t2 machining allowance (with type F only)
Programming Example:
Diagram G85.3 : The clearance cut is shifted in directions X and Z by the value programmed at D.
Diagram G85.5 : Approach angle with tool nose compensation (TNC) in operation.
Programming Hints To ensure thath the clearance cutting cycle is executed according to the
programmed dimensions it is advisable to ensure that the starting point has been
correctly programmed (see diagrams G78.4 and G78.5). Due to the relatively small
dimensions concerned we also recommend the programming of the tool nose
compensation (see G41/G42).
Thread Undercut
in Compliance with DIN 76
Programming Example:
Diagram G85.6
Addresses X X-coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed
Z Z-coordinate of the corner point at which the clearance cut is executed
I Depth of cut relative to the radius
K Length of the clearance cut. Only positive values programmed at K are valid.
Programming Hints Note: due to the geometry of a clearance cut, the value determining the length K
must be at least 2,34 times the value I determining the depth.
The radius r is computed by the control system, according to the cutting depth I.
The radius will always be at a ratio of 0.6 of the programmed depth.
Cross Reference The G85 cycle with its addresses X, Z, I and K is identical to the thread undercut
G78, with the same addresses (see above p.87).
Programming Example:
Diagram G86.1 : Recessing Cycle G86 without finishing allowance; the recess is executed to
the left of the programmed corner point (K with a negative sign).
Programming Example:
Diagram G86.2 : Recessing Cycle G86 with finishing allowance (dashed line) and radius of the
roundings at the bottom edges. The chamfers at the top edges of the recess
are dependent on the distance between the tool and the programmed corner
point.
K Width of recess:
If K+ is programmed, the recess is executed to the right of the corner point
X,Z.
If K- is programmed, the recess is executed to the left of the corner point
X,Z.
Optional Addresses B Radius of rounding at the bottom edge of the recess. If B is programmed, a
finishing allowance must also be programmed at I.
I Finishing allowance related to the the diameter.
Explanation Starting from the tool position at cycle invocation (starting point), in the first pass
the rectangular recess (as indicated by the dashed lines in Diagram G86.2) is cut,
taking into account the programmed finishing allowance I.
In the second pass the recess is cut to the finished size as programmmed at X/Z
and K, including eventual roundings.
When a finishing allowance I has been programmed, the tool will feed 1.3 mm
along both the left and right edges at an angle of 45°. If the distance between the
tool and the workpiece is less than 1.3 mm this operation results in chamfering of
the upper edges of the recess.
Programming Hints The absolute value programmed at address K must be greater or equal to the tool
width stored in the compensation register.
Cross Reference The G86 recessing cycle is different from the G79 recessing cycle (see p.89) with
regard to geometry and optionally programmable addresses.
NC command G87 I... [X... Z...] [L...] [H...] [A...] [O...] [Q...]
Addresses I Infeed
The infeed I indicates the recessing chisel infeed value in X direction (with
reference to the radius) after each cut.
If a plane recessing is generated the infeed I indicates the recessing chisel
infeed value in Z direction after each cut.
When finishing a recess (switch O6) I indicates the distance by which the
recessing tool is withdrawn above the local maxima of the recess when
finishing.
Changing The standard settings of the recessing cycle G87 can be changed by setting one
machining or more switches O or Q as follows:
settings of the
cycle
F Please note that the address O can be programmed several times and in each
case with different values within the NC command G87.
Programming The recessing cycle G87 can only be used with recessing tools or with copying
hints tools with round turntable. If some other tool is selected at the time of the cycle
call the following error message is displayed: Correction values cannot be
machined.
The starting point of the contour is programmed in the NC block with the cycle
call G87 or in the first NC block with a travel path command. The complete contour
path to be machined is specified in the subsequent NC blocks. The contour
description is completed and at the same time the machining started with the
command G80. When using G80 It is possible to set a window frame for a part
contour to be machined.
Immediately after the cycle G87 has been programmed the simulator is able to use
a previously specified nominal contour for executing the cycle G87, as an
alternative to the description of the contour. This can be done with the command
G51. Hereby it is to be noted that in such a case it is absolutely necessary to
program the cycle call G80 with the addresses X and Z for the limiting window
(also see cycle G80).
The cycle G87 then processes only those parts of the programmed nominal
contour which are within the limiting window. Hereby it might occur that the
nominal contour is split into several contour sections by the limiting window. The
cycle consequently generates only those contour sections which can be machined
with the selected tool.
If machining is to take place with tool nose radius compensation G41 or G42
has to be called immediately after the NC block with G87 cycle, i.e. prior to the
programming of the contour. Switching off tool nose radius compensation has to
take place after contour description, prior to the cycle call G80.
Finishing allowance (in X, Z or equidistant) can be programmed using the
command G57.
If the diameter of the current tool position is in case of outside machining larger
or in case of inside machining smaller than the diameter of the end point of the
programmed contour at the moment the cycle G87 is being called, then the end
point will be extended parallel to the axis respectively either to the outside or inside
up to the diameter of the current tool position.
Based on the application limits of the axial recessing tools because of the diameter
(from Dmin to Dmax) the following limitations apply to plane recessing:
• One plane recessing cycle G87 is allowed to have only one recessing minimum
(=valley).
• If plane recessing is to include several local recessing minima (=valleys) several
successive recessing cycle calls have to be programmed. In that case different
tools have to be used.
• The lowest straight line to be machined in the recess parallel to the X axis Xmin
to Xmax has to overlap with the range of application diameter of the tool Dmin to
Dmax at minimum by the width of the recessing tool.
The full plane recessing contour as described in the above figure can only be
created with two successive recessing cycles as the contour has more than one
local recessing minimum.
The plane recess described in the above figure can be machined with the selected
recessing tool as the range of application diameter Dmax - Dmin of the tool overlaps
the lowest-located straight line in the recess, parallel to X axis, Xmax - Xmin by more
than the width of the recessing tool
The plane recess described in the above figure can be just and just machined with
the selected recessing tool as the range of application diameter Dmax - Dmin of the
tool is exactly as wide as the lowest-located straight line in the recess to be
machined, Xmax - Xmin, parallel to X axis, by more than the width of the recessing
tool.
The recess described in the above figure cannot be machined with the selected
recessing tool as the range of application diameter Dmax - Dmin of the tool overlaps
the lowest-located straight line to be machined in the recess, Xmax - Xmin, parallel to
the X axis, by less than the width of the recessing tool.
Machining is carried out bidirectionally (standard) starting form the right to the left
and always changing the machining direction.
Programming ...
example N045 G00 X+110 Z+5
N050 G57 B+1
Recessing cycle N055 G87 X+100 Z-90 I+5 H+20
(straight recess) N060 ...
...
... Description of the contour...
...
N120 G80
...
Roughing is carried out bidirectionally (standard), starting from the right to the left or
starting from the left to the right (switch O3) and always changing the machining
direction.
If the optional switch O5 (machining not bidirectional) has been switched on the
recessing cycle machines also roughing in the machining direction only as defined
with O3.
Final finishing of
the contour (02) in
recessing cycle G87
(straight recess)
Machining is carried out bidirectionally (standard), starting form the left to the right
and then always changing the machining direction.
If the optional switch O5 (machining not bidirectional) has been switched on the
recessing cycle machines only from the left to the right without changing the
machining direction.
Partial machining
(04) in recessing
cycle G87 (straight
recess)
Finishing (O6) in
recessing cycle G87
(straight recess)
Function With the cycle G88 it is possible to make radiusing or to chamfer in lines parallel to
the axis. Hereby it is possible to go to the transition radius or to the chamfer
together with the tangenting contour elements or separately one by one.
Programming hints If the cycle G88 is programmed within a sequence of contour elements the
individual contour elements are being processed starting from the starting point of
the full contour. If the contour element is located prior to the radiusing/the chamfer
parallel to X or Z axis it is not necessary to program it within the contour element
as its path is already defined by the corner point coordinates of the cycle G88.
Within contour programming radiusing or chamfers can also be programmed
with the following general commands:
G01 X... Z... R±... or G71 X... Z... R±...
and the following contour element can also be programmed with them. The
radiusing radius or the length of the chamfer is hereby given as the address R.
If the cycle G88 is programmed separately the starting position (=actual tool
position) is to be considered during cycle invocation: the control calculates the
direction of the radius or chamfer based on the contour to be approached. The
contour which is parallel to the axis and which is located closest to the actual tool
position is interpreted as the contour which is to be approached. The tool has to be
positioned in the approach area (see figures) prior to the invocation of the cycle.
The location of the starting point for the various alternatives of separate
programming of one radiusing or chamfer is being discussed in the following.
The travel movement of the tool takes place, as a rule, starting from the starting
point (= current tool position when calling the cycle) to the starting point of the
radiusing/chamfer (on the current contour to be gone to) to the end point of
radiusing/chamfer.
Programming ...
example N165 G42
N170 G00 X+50 Z+5
Creating radius for N175 G01 Z-30
outer corner N180 G88 X+110 Z-30 R+10
N185 G01 Z-80
N190 G40
...
The radius at the outer corner and the neighboring contour elements are machined
together.
Programming ...
example N165 G42
N170 G00 X+50 Z+5
Creating radius for N175 G88 X+50 Z-35 R+10
inner corner N180 G01 X+110
N185 G40
...
The radius at the inner corner and the neighboring contour elements are machined
together.
Programming ...
example N165 G42
N170 G00 X+50 Z+5
Creating chamfer N175 G01 Z-30
for outer corner N180 G88 X+110 Z-30 R-10
N185 G01 Z-80
N190 G40
...
The chamfer at the outer corner and the neighboring contour elements are
machined together.
NC Command G89 X... Z... S.../D... Y.../E.../(A... B...) O... [I...] [K...]
[H... W...] [R... V...] [L...]
Addresses of the
straight roughing
cycle G89 for
outside and inside
machining
F Please, note:
When processing the cycle G89 the control interprets during programming
• in a straight roughing cycle the X coordinate of the starting point
(=current tool position when calling the cycle) as a X coordinate of the
end point of the conical sleeve,
• in a plane roughing cycle the Z coordinate of the starting point (current
tool position when calling the cycle) as the Z coordinate of the end point
of the conical sleeve
This requires that the tool is positioned at the desired X and Z coordinate of
the end point of the conical sleeve prior to calling the cycle.
S Number of cuts to be made
If S is being programmed the control calculates the corresponding infeed.
As an alternative to S, D can be programmed.
D Infeed (referring to the radius)
When processing the cycles the infeed can deviate from the programmed
value as it depends on the optional addresses R, V and L. As an
alternative to D, S can be programmed.
Y X or Z coordinate of the contour point the conical sleeve begins at
Alternatively, either E or A, B can be programmed.
E Inclination angle of the conical sleeve against the negative Z axis
(straight roughing) or against the negative X axis (plane roughing)
When outside machining of the work part is being programmed E has to be
programmed with a positive sign. For the inside machining of the work part
a negative sign is used. Alternatively, either Y or A, B can be programmed.
A, B Cone parameters
The inclination of the cone can also be programmed based on the relation of
the lines A and B. Hereby A represents the line in direction X (referring to
the radius) and B the line in direction Z. Alternatively, Y and E can be
programmed.
O Options: straight or plane roughing
O0 Straight roughing cycle (old: G65)
O1 Plane roughing cycle (old: G66)
Programming Unlike the axis-parallel straight or plane roughing cycles G75 and G76 which carry
hints out machining at a straight angle against the cutting surface, the cycle G89 moves
the tool in a specified angle starting from a specified point to the end point of the
programmed contour. In this way conical contours can be roughed
For the starting point of the cone the following programming options are
available:
1. Enter the value for Y, at which the X or Z coordinates of the contour point
the cone begin.
2. Enter the inclination angle E of the cone in relation to the negative Z axis
(straight roughing) or in relation to the negative X axis (plane roughing).
3. Enter the relation of the lines A and B.
When processing the cycle G89 the control interprets during programming
• in a straight roughing cycle the X coordinate of the starting point (=current
tool position when calling the cycle) as the X coordinate of the cone end point,
• in a plane roughing cycle the Z coordinate of the starting point (=current tool
position when calling the cycle) as the Z coordinate of the cone end point.
This requires that the tool is positioned at the desired X and Z coordinate of the
end point of the conical sleeve prior to calling the cycle.
Programming ...
example N125 G00 X+102 Z+3
N130 G89 X+45 Z-52.5 D+4 Y-32.5 O+0
Straight roughing ...
cycle (outside
machining) When machining outside surfaces the X coordinate of the starting point is the X
coordinate of the cone end point as well. The inclination angle E is programmed
with a positive sign starting clockwise from the negative Z axis.
Programming ...
example N100 G00 X+18 Z+3
N105 G89 X+75 Z-52.5 S8 E-54 O+0
Straight roughing ...
cycle (inside
machining) When machining the inside of the work part the X coordinate of the starting point
has to be smaller than or equal to the diameter of the premachined inside contour.
The angle of inclination E is programmed with a negative sign starting
counterclockwise from the negative Z axis.
Programming ...
example N180 G00 X+15 Z+3
N185 G89 X+30 Z-50 D+6 Y-60 O+1
Plane roughing ...
cycle (outside
machining) The X coordinate of the starting point has to be larger than or equal to the
diameter of the premachined work part outside contour. The angle of inclination E
is programmed with a positive sign starting counterclock-wise from the negative X
axis.
Programming ...
example N220 G00 X+102 Z+3
N225 G89 X+100 Z-52.5 D+4 Y+62.5 O+1
Plane roughing ...
cycle (inside
machining) The X coordinate of the starting point has to be smaller than the diameter of the
premachined work part inside contour. The angle of inclination E is programmed
with a negative sign starting clockwise from the negative X axis.
a) for plane
roughing
In case of chip breaking H specifies the string after which the infeed movement is
interrupted. W specifies the string the tool moves backwards before starting to
machine the string H again.
Degression of
cutting depth and
minimum infeed for
plane roughing
F G71, G72 and G73 are non-modal commands, i.e. they take effect only in the
block in which they are programmed. Even if address values remain unchanged,
they must be programmed once again in the subsequent NC block.
To structure the input of geometry, which will be necessary with a complex contour
string consisting of numerous entities, a so-called multi-point string (N-point
string) is defined, namely as follows:
Definition An N-point string is defined as a sequence of N-1 entities with N points, from a
given starting point P0 to the end point PN-1, whose coordinates may either be
entered or computed by the the control system from the data specified for the N-
point string.
Specification of the dimensions of the last entity is required for the computing of the
previous entity and its end point coordinates. Starting out from the given point P0 a
closed N-point string can be computed. It follows that any contour can be computed
as a sequence of linked N-point strings.
1. line - line
2. line - arc
3. arc - line
4. arc - arc
Diagram 6.3 : As a rule a line is defined by two of the above addresses. However the solution will
not neccessarily be uniquely defined.
Diagram 6.4 : Three of the above addresses must be specified to define a circular arc.
Again the number of possible solutions as a rule will be two, one or none.
Programming Hints Programming of the X and Z coordinates is not mandatory. It follows that the
respective values are not global, i.e. even identical values will have to be
programmed once again to define the next entity in a contour string.
To compute a contour segment the control system will refer to the values specified
in the NC block. If these specifications should prove insufficient, the conditions of
transition to the previous or to the next contour entity will be accounted for in the
computing.
Diagram 6.5 :
- The starting point P0 of the contour string is defined by the current tool
position.
- The end point of the first line P1 is situated on a parallel X1 to the Z - axis.
- The end point P2 and the position of the second line are determined by the
angle A and the X and Z coordinates.
Diagram 6.6 :
- The contour is uniquely defined, since the second line and the parallel line X1
intersect at point P1.
⇒
Diagram 6.5 Diagram 6.6
The addresses O and R serve to select one of two alternative solutions. They also
allow a chamfer or rounding to be inserted between to consecutive straight lines,
without additional computing efforts. Tangential transitions to a line or to an arc can
be programmed to be automatically computed.
The following table lists the additional addresses available. More detailed
explanations are given in the subsequent sections.
Address Function
O070 Absolute coordinates of the centre of the circle
O000 Tangential transition to the previous segment
O001/O002 Selection of one of two possible solutions
R+ Insertion of a rounding between two segments
O011/O012 Selection of one of two possible solutions with R+
R- Insertion of a chamfer between two linear segments
If the coordinates of both centres are to be entered in the absolute system, the
word O070 must be entered in that NC block which contains the programmed
coordinates of the circular arc.
With multi point strings the centre of an arc must be programmed using the
absolute system, since the starting point is normally not given, but must be
calculated by the control system. The execption to this rule is when the arc is
the first entry of a contour.
NC Block: G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. NC Block: G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. O070
Diagram 6.7
Programming Hints When O070 is programmed, both centre coordinates (I and K) must be entered as
absolute values.
O070 is not a self-retaining entry. It must be re-entered once again with each NC
block, even if these are consecutive.
If the circle centres (I and K) of the three-point and four-point strings represented
below are entered in the absolute system, the input applies to the starting point P0
of the N-point string.
If in the configuration the programming of circle centres has been set to the
absolute system, the programming of O070 will not be necessary.
Diagram 6.8
Such tangential transitions are possible between a straight line and a circular arc as
well as between two circular arcs.(see Diagram 6.9).
Diagram 6.9
Explanation When a starting point is given, two addresses are normally required to determine a
straight line, three to determine a circular arc. However if the line or arc is
connected to the previous contour segment by a tangential transition, the number of
addresses to be programmed can be reduced by one by a tangential transition. The
control system will refer to the geometric definition of the tangential transition of two
entities to determine the next entity.
Example Next to a circular arc with the starting point P0 and the end point P1 (see Diagrams
6.10 and 6.11) a straight line is to be programmed, of which only the end point
coordinate Z is given. The starting point of that line is determined by the end point
P1 of the arc.
- If only the Z-coordinate of the line is given, the end point cannot be
determined, because an infinite number of solutions exist (see Diagram 6.10)
- If however the line is connected tangentially to the arc, its direction is determined
by the tangent angle at point P1. The end point P2 of the line is defined by the
intersection of the tangent with the given Z-coordinate
(see Diagram 6.11).
Programming Hints A tangential transition between two contour entities is programmed by the
NC word O000. O000 must be entered in an NC block, together with the entity
tangentially connected to the preceding entity.
Example A straight line with a defined starting point P0 as well as a circular arc (G72) with a
defined centre (I and K) and defined end point coordinates (X and Z) are given. If
there is a tangential transition of the straight line to the arc, two possible solutions
may result from the computing (see. Diagram 6.12).
1st solution: the straight line is connected to the circle at the tangential
point P1-1, in the direction of the circle orientation
(see Diagram 6.13).
2nd solution: the straight line is connected to the circle at the tangential
point P1-2, opposite to the direction of the circle orientation
(see Diagram 6.14).
Diagram 6.12
F
For reasons of clarification the contour resulting from the 2nd solution will be
denoted in the following as "pointed tangential transition".
Version 5 of the Simulator provides the option of programming both solutions
(cf.Section 6.1.3.4 Selection of Solutions - Tangential Transitions).
Roundings may also be inserted between entities in the case of pointed tangential
transitions (see Diagram 6.15).
Diagram 6.15
Angle Criterion:
- smaller or greater angle
Length Criteria:
- shorter or longer line (line criterion)
The word O001 selects the first of the alternatives, O002 the second.
F If the two solutions have different angles as well as different lengths of line,
the angle criterion must be used in the selection.
Programmed addresses:
Programming Hints If no selection of alternatives (O001 or O002) is programmed, the control system
will automatically select the first alternative (O001).
Given addresses:
NC block
Explanation - The end point of the line is situated on a circle with the radius L .
- The position of the arc is determined by its centre (I and K, as absolute
coordinates) and by its (absolute) end point coordinates X and Z.
Under these conditions in the example given, the following solutions may result:
Selection by the Angle The alternative solutions are distinguished by the different angles to the positive Z-
Criterion axis (angle criterion):
To select the first solution (smaller angle to the Z-axis) O001 is programmed
Course of the contour:P -> P - -> P
To select the second solution (greater angle to the Z-axis) O002 is programmed
Course of the contour:P -> P - -> P
Programming Hints To select a solution, O001 or O002 must be programmed in the same NC block
together as the applicable line.
Given addresses:
NC block
G71 A... O001 or O002
G72 X... Z... I... K... O070
Explanation - The end point of the line starting at P0 is situated on a half line at an angle A
to the positive Z-axis.
- The position of the arc is determined by its centre (I and K, as absolute
coordinates) and by its (absolute) end point coordinates X and Z.
Under these conditions in the example given, the following solutions may result:
Selection by the The alternative solutions are distinguished by the different lengths of the line (line
Line Criterion criterion):
Programming Hints To select a solution, O001 or O002 must be programmed in an NC block together
with the applicable line.
Given addresses:
NC block
Explanation - Position and radius of the arc are defined by the centre coordinates I and K
and by the starting point P0.
- The end point of the contour is determined by the coordinates X and Z.
- The starting point of the line is situated on a circle of the radius L.
Under these conditions in the example given, the following solutions may result:
Selection by The alternative solutions are distinguished by the different lengths of the arc (arc
the Arc Criterion criterion):
Programming Hints To select a solution, O001 or O002 must be programmed in an NC block together
with the applicable line.
Example A given line with a known starting point P0 is to be joined tangentially to a circular
arc (G72) which is determined by its centre (I and K) and its end point coordinates
(X and Z). Two mathematical solutions are possible with this example
(see Diagram 6.20a).
1. the line joins the arc at the point P1-1 in the same direction as the circle
orientation.
2. the line joins the arc at the point P1-2 in the direction opposite to the circle
orientation (pointed tangential transition).
In previous versions of the Simulator only the first solution could be computed by
the control system (see Diagram 6.20b). Version 5 now permits the programming of
both solutions in any given case.
To inform the control system of the desired course of the contour, address O001
must be programmed to select the first solution (tangent in the direction of the circle
orientation), or address O002 to select the second solution (tangent in the opposite
direction). The selected solution (either O001 or O002) must always be
programmed in a NC block together with the first contour entity whose orientation is
determined by that selection.
Consequently the NC blocks of the example shown above (see Diagram 6.20c)
would have to be programmed as follows:
Programming Hints When programming in the WOP mode (Workshop-Oriented Programming), the
option "pointed tangential transitions" must be activated to program a rounding
radius R+.
NC Block:
Programming Hints If no selection of alternative solutions (O011 or O012) is programmed, the control
system will compute the execution of the smaller arc O011.
If two solutions for the positioning of the entities already exist, the insertion of a
rounding may result in four different solutions.
Example On the basis of the addresses programmed with a three-point string, consisting of a
line and an arc, two mathematical solutions are possible (see Diagram 6.22 : P1-1
and P1-2).
In the example shown above the angle criterion is used to determine the contour:
O001 is programmed to select the line situated at the smaller angle to the
Z-axis, O002 to select the line with the greater angle.
If additionally a rounding radius R+is programmed, each contour solution gives two
possible rounding radii with each contour solution. (see Diagram 6.23):
Analogous to employing the arc criterion, the desired rounding must be
programmed in the NC block determining the contour, by entering either
O011 (smaller arc) or O012 (greater arc).
Alternative roundings possible with the first contour Alternative roundings possible with the second
solution O001 contour solution O002
G71 X.. O001 O011 or O012 G71 X.. O002 O011 or O012
G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (O070) G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (O070)
If the specified rounding radius results in only one possible rounding arc with each
of the contour solutions, programming of O011 or O012 is not required
(see Diagram 6.24).
Diagram 6.24 : In this example the specified rounding radius results in only one solution for
each arc.
NC Block:
Diagram 6.25
Optional addresses:
Number of Solutions Depending on the programmed address values, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single solution. When, for instance, the length or an
axially parallel angle has been entered, the result may be either two solutions or no
solution (cf. addresses for segment contour programming). If no solution is found, a
corresponding error message will appear.
Programming Hints If two solutions result from the specified length L (cf. the table below), the desired
contour must be determined by using the angle criterion (O001 for the smaller
angle, O002 for the greater angle).
G71 X A
G71 Z L Angle Criterion
G71 Z A
G71 L A
G71 X.. L.. O001 or O002 G71 Z.. L.. O001 or O002
Available Addresses:
Number of Solutions Depending on the programmed address values, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single solution (cf. addresses for segment contour
programming). With some combinations of addresses may result in one, two, or no
solutions. Please see the below table for a listing of cases where two solutions may
occur.
Programming Hints If the circle centre coordinates are programmed in the absolute system, the
address O070 must be programmed in the same NC block.
To avoid repetition, only clockwise-oriented arcs (G72) are included in the graphic
representation of contour strings. All programming examples given are of course
applicable to counter-clockwise arcs (G73) as well.
G72 X.. I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 Z.. I.. K..(O070) O001 or O002
G72 X.. I.. A.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 X.. K.. A.. O001 or O002
G72 Z.. I.. A.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 Z.. K.. A.. (O070) O001 or O002
G72 X.. A.. B.. O001 or O002 G72 Z.. A.. B.. O001 or O002
The arc criterion is used to select a solution:
O001 is programmed to select P1-1 (shorter arc), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (longer arc).
Relevant addresses:
Number of Solutions Depending on the programmed address values, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single solution (cf. addresses for segment contour
programming). Some combinations of addresses may result in one, two solutions or
no solution. Please see the below table for a listing of cases where the
programming of certain combinations of address values may result in the
computation of two solutions - such cases are denoted "Arc Criterion" in the column
"Selection of Solutions", and explanatory diagrams are provided.
Programming Hints If two solutions result from the programmed address values, and if a selection
(O001 or O002) is not programmed, the control system will assume the first
solution O001.
F If two addresses are programmed in the first NC block, the three-point string
is split into two two-point strings.
Optional Addresses As a first contour entity a circular arc, starting at a known point P0 can be defined
by its centre and radius. One of the four alternative address combinations listed
below must be programmed:
For reasons of clarity, only the centre coordinates (I and K) of arcs are shown in the
diagrams below.
Optional Addresses:
Number of solutions Depending on the programmed address values, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single solution (cf. addresses for segment contour
programming). Some combinations of addresses may result in one, two or no
solution.
Programming Hints In the case of contour strings with two possible solutions the arc criterion is used to
select the desired contour, by programming, in the first NC block, either O001
(smaller arc) or O002 (greater arc).
If absolute circle centre coordinates are entered, the address O070 must be
programmed in the same NC block.
G71 X Z A
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G71 X Z L
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G71 X L A
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G71 Z L A
Programming Hints With the contour strings listed below, the word O000 must be programmed in the
second NC block to define the tangential transition.
When the WOP mode is operative, pointed tangential transitions may only be
programmed if the appropriate option has been selected (function key <F5>).
G71 X A O000
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G71 X L O000
G72/G73 I K Tangent Criterion
G71 Z A O000
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G71 Z L O000
G72/G73 I K Tangent Criterion
G71 L A O000
G72/G73 B Arc Criterion
G71 X Z A O000
F To avoid repetition, only clockwise-oriented arcs (G72) are included in the graphic
representation of contour strings. All programming examples given are however
also applicable to counter-clockwise arcs (G73).
G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002
G71 X.. Z.. A.. G71 X.. Z.. L..
The angle criterion is used to select of a solution:
O001 is programmed to select P1-1 (shorter arc), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (longer arc).
G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002
G71 X.. L.. A.. G71 Z.. L.. A..
G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002
G71 X.. L.. O000 G71 Z.. L.. O000
F Pointed tangential transitions may only be programmed in the WOP mode if this
option has been selected with the function key <F5>.
G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 G72 I.. K.. (O070) C+.. O002 O011
G71 X.. A.. O000 G71 X.. A.. O000
G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 G72 I.. K.. (O070) R+.. O002 O011
G71 Z.. A.. O000 G71 Z.. A.. O000
Optional Addresses:
Number of solutions Depending on the programmed address values, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single unequivocal solution (cf. addresses for segment
contour programming). Some combinations of addresses may result in one, two,
three, four or no solutions.
Programming Hints If several solutions are possible the desired contour must be determined by
entering O001 or O002.
If absolute coordinates are entered for the centre of the circle, the address O070
must be programmed in the same NC block.
To avoid repetition, only clockwise-oriented arcs (G72) are included in the graphic
representation of contour strings. All programming examples given are however
also applicable to counter-clockwise arcs (G73).
G72/G73 X Z I K
G71 Z Angle Criterion
G72/G73 X Z I K
G71 X Angle Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X I K B
G71 X Angle Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z I K B
G71 Z Angle Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X I K B
G71 Z Angle Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z I K B
G71 L Angle Criterion
G72/G73 X Z I K
G71 L Angle Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X I K B
G71 L Angle Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z I K B
G71 A Line Criterion
G72/G73 X Z I K
G71 A Line Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X I K B
G71 A Line Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z I K B
F If the two solutions have different angles as well as different lengths of line,
the angle criterion must always be used in the selection.
G72/G73 X Z B O000
G71 Tangent Criterion
G72/G73 X Z I K O000
G71 Tangent Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X I K B O000
G71 Tangent Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z I K B O000
G71 A
G72/G73 X B E O000
G71 A
G72/G73 Z B E O000
In the first block G71 the angle criterion is used to select a solution:
O001 is programmed to select P1-1 (smaller angle), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (greater angle).
In the second block G72 the arc criterion is used to select a solution: O001 is programmed to select P2-1
(shorter arcs), O002 is programmed to select P2-2 (longer arcs).
In the first block G71 the angle criterion is used to select a solution:
O001 is programmed to select P1-1 (smaller angle), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (greater angle).
In the second block G72 the arc criterion is used to select a solution: O001 is programmed to select P2-1
(shorter arc), O002 is programmed to select P2-2 (longer arc).
In the first block G71 the angle criterion is used to select a solution:
O001 is programmed to select P1-1 (smaller angle), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (greater angle).
In the second block G72 the arc criterion is used to select a solution: O001 is programmed to select P2-1
(shorter arc), O002 is programmed to select P2-2 (longer arc).
In the first block G71 the angle criterion is used to select a solution:
O001 is programmed to select P1-1 (shorter line), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (longer line). In the
second block G72 the arc criterion is used to select a solution: O001 is programmed to select P1-1
(shorter arc), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (longer arc).
F When the WOP mode is operative, pointed tangential transitions may only be
programmed if the appropriate option has been selected with the function key
<F5>.
G71 O001
G71 R+.. O002 O011
G72 Z.. I.. K.. B.. (O070) O000
G72 Z.. I.. K.. B.. (O070) O000
The tangent criterion is used to select a solution:
O001 (left diagram) is programmed to select the tangent in the direction of the circle orientation (P1-1)
O002 (right diagram) is programmed to select the pointed tangential transition (P1-2)with a rounding
Optional Addresses As a first contour entity a circular arc, starting at a known point P0 can be defined
by its centre and radius. One of the four alternative address combinations listed
below must be programmed:
For reasons of clarity, only the centre coordinates (I and K) of arcs are shown in the
diagrams below.
Optional Addresses:
Number of solutions Depending on the programmed address values, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single solution (cf. addresses for segment contour
programming). Some combinations of addresses may result in four, three, two, one
or no solutions.
Programming Hints When several solutions are possilbe the desired contour must be determined by
entering O001 or O002.
If absolute coordinates are entered for the centre of the circle, the address O070
must be programmed in the same NC block.
To determine a three-point string consisting of two arcs, a total of six of the above
addresses must be programmed.
G72/G73 X Z I K
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X I K B
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z I K B
Programming Hints With the contour strings listed below, the word O000 must be programmed in the
second NC block to define the tangential transition.
G72/G73 X Z B O000
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X B E O000
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z B E O000
G72/G73 A B Arc Criterion
G72/G73 X B E O000
G72/G73 A B Arc Criterion
G72/G73 Z B E O000
F
Note: a circular arc as a first contour segment may also be programmed by
the addresses A I, A K or A B instead of with the centre coordinates I K. This
applies to all examples.
F
To avoid repetition, only clockwise-oriented arcs (G72) are included in the graphic
representation of contour strings. All programming examples given are however
also applicable to counter-clockwise arcs (G73).
As a model, all combinations of G72 and G73 possible with the first example
are shown in the diagrams below.
G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002
G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (O070) G73 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (O070)
G73 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002 G73 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002
G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (O070) G73 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (O070)
In each case the arc criterion is used to select a solution:
O001 is programmed to select P1-1 (shorter arc), O002 is programmed to select P1-2 (longer arc).
G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 I.. K.. (O070) O001 or O002
G72 X.. I.. K.. B.. (O070) O001 or O002 G72 Z.. I.. K.. B.. (O070) O001 or O002
2nd arc:
O001 is programmed to select P2-1 (shorter arc), O002 is programmed to select P2-2 (longer arc).
Optional Addresses As a first segment of a contour, a circular arc, starting at a known point P0 can be
defined by its centre and radius. One of the four alternative address combinations
listed below must be programmed:
I, K Centre coordinates
A, I Starting angle and centre coordinate in X
A, K Starting angle and centre coordinate in Z
A, B Starting angle and radius
For reasons of clarity, only the centre coordinates (I and K) of arcs are shown in the
diagrams below.
Optional Addresses:
Number of solutions Depending on the programmed address values, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single solution (cf. addresses for segment contour
programming). Some combinations of addresses may not result in a single solution
but in any number of sultions, from one to four.
Programming Hints If several solutions are possible the arc criterion must be used to determine the
desired contour, by entering O001 (smaller arc) or O002 (greater arc).
If absolute circle centre coordinates are entered, the address O070 must be
programmed in the same NC block.
Selection of Solutions
G71 A Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B O000
G72/G73 X Z I K O000
G71 A Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B O000
G72/G73 X I K B O000 Arc Criterion
G71 A Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B O000
G72/G73 Z I K B O000 Arc Criterion
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B O000
G72/G73 X Z I K O000
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B O000
G72/G73 X I K B O000 Arc Criterion
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B O000
G72/G73 Z I K B O000 Arc Criterion
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B O000
G71 X Z A O000
G72/G73 I K Tangent Criterion
G71 O000
G72/G73 X Z I K O000
G72/G73 I K Tangent Criterion
G71 O000
G72/G73 X I K B O000 Arc Criterion
G71 O000
G72/G73 Z I K B O000 Arc Criterion
F
Note: a circular arc as a first contour segment may also be programmed by the
addresses A I, A K or A B instead of with the centre coordinates I K. This
applies to all examples.
To avoid repetition, as a rule only clockwise-oriented arcs (G72) are included in the
graphic representation of contour strings. All programming examples given are
however also applicable to counter-clockwise arcs (G73) and to any combination of
G72 and G73.
G72 I.. K.. (P070) P001 or P002 G72 I.. K.. (P070) P001 or P002
G73 B.. P000 G73 B.. P000
G72 X.. I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070) G72 Z.. I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070)
P001 or P002 P001 or P002
3rd arc:
P001 is programmed to select P1-1 (shorter arc), P002 is programmed to select P1-2 (longer arc).
F
Pointed tangential transitions may only be programmed in the WOP mode if this
option has been selected with the function key <F5>.
If P002 (pointed tangential transition) is programmed in the first NC block, the
selection of this solution will also apply to the second arc.
G72 I.. K.. (P070) P001 G72 I.. K.. (P070) R+.. P002 P011
G71 P000 G71 R+.. P011 P000
G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (P070) P000 G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. (P070) P000
In the first NC block (1st. arc) the tangent criterion is used to select a solution:
P001 (left diagram) is programmed to select the tangent in direction of the circle orientation (P1-1 - P2-1)
P002 (right diagram) is programmed to select the pointed tangential transition (P1-2 - P2-2)with roundings.
G72 I.. K.. (P070) P001 G72 I.. K.. R+.. (P070) P002 P011
G71 P000 G71 R+.. P011 P000
G72 X.. I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070) G72 X.. I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070)
P001 or P002 P001 or P002
In the first NC block (1st. arc) the tangent criterion is used to select a solution:
P001 (left diagram) is programmed to select the tangent in direction of the circle orientation (P1-1 - P2-1)
P002 (right diagram) is programmed to select the pointed tangential transition (P1-2 - P2-2)with roundings.
In the third NC block (2nd arc) the arc criterion is used to select a solution:
P001 is programmed to select P3-1 (shorter arc), P002 is programmed to select P3-2 (longer arc).
G72 I.. K.. (P070) P001 G72 I.. K.. R+.. (P070) P002 P011
G71 P000 G71 R+.. P011 P000
G72 Z.. I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070) G72 Z.. I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070)
P001 or P002 P001 or P002
n the first NC block (1st. arc) the tangent criterion is used to select a solution:
P001 (left diagram) is programmed to select the tangent in direction of the circle orientation (P1-1 - P2-1)
P002 (right diagram) is programmed to select the pointed tangential transition (P1-2 -
P2-2)with roundings.
In the third NC block (2nd arc) the arc criterion is used to select a solution:
P001 is programmed to select P3-1 (shorter arc), P002 is programmed to select P3-2 (longer arc).
To describe a contour string longer than four points we use the terms "open
contour strings" and tangential connections.
Definition An "open contour string" denotes a multiple-point string with all of its segments
geometrically determined. Only the end point of the final entity remains
undetermined.
Consequently, this final segment of an open contour string must be either a half line
or a full circle. The end point of this entity can only be determined by entering the
next entity; it is then computed by the control system. The next multiple-point string
is then linked-up, i.e. the last entity of the open contour string will be considered as
the first entity of the new multiple-point string.
⇒
G72 I.. K.. P070 G72 I.. K.. P070
G71 A.. P000 G71 A.. P000 P001
G73 B.. P000
G72 X.. Z.. I.. K.. P070 P000
In this example, the open contour string could also be continued by programming
G72 I.. K.. B..
Optional Addresses:
Number of Solutions Depending on the address values programmed, the computation of the contour
may not always result in a single solution (cf. addresses for segment contour
programming). Some combinations of addresses may result in four, three, two, one
or no solutions.
Optional Addresses As a first segment of a contour, a circular arc, starting at a known point P0 can be
defined by its centre and radius. One of the four alternative address combinations
listed below must be programmed:
I, K Centre coordinates
A, I Starting angle and centre coordinate in X
A, K Starting angle and centre coordinate in Z
A, B Starting angle and radius
For reasons of clarity, only the centre coordinates (I and K) of arcs will be shown in
the diagrams below.
Programming Hints When alternative solutions occur, the desired contour must be determined by
entering P001 or P002.
If no particular solution is selected, the control system, will assume the first solution
P001.
If absolute circle centre coordinates are entered, the address P070 must be
programmed in the same NC block.
To avoid repetition, only clockwise-oriented arcs (G72) are included in the graphic
representation of contour strings. All programming examples given are applicable
to counter-clockwise arcs (G73) as well.
G71 A P000
G71 X Angle Criterion
G72/G73 I K B
G71 Z Angle Criterion
G72/G73 I K B
G71 A Line Criterion
G72/G73 I K B
G71 L Angle Criterion
G72/G73 I K B
G71 Tangent Criterion
G72/G73 I K B P000
G72/G73 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 I K B
G71 P000
G72/G73 I K B P000
G71 I K Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B P000
G72/G73 I K B P000
G71 A Arc Criterion
G72/G73 B P000
G72/G73 I K B P000
F
Note: a circular arc as a first contour segment may also be programmed by
the addresses A I, A K or A B, instead of by the centre coordinates I K. This
applies to all examples.
F
Pointed tangential transitions may only be programmed in the WOP mode if this
option has been selected with the function key <F5>.
G72 I.. K.. (P070) P001 G72 I.. K.. (P070) R+.. P002 P011
G71 A.. P000 G71 A.. P000
G72 I.. K.. (P070) P001 G72 I.. K.. R+.. (P070) P002 P011
G71 P000 G71 R+.. P011 P000
G72 I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070) G72 I.. K.. B.. P000 (P070)
In the first NC block (1st. arc) the tangent criterion is used to select a solution:
P001 (left diagram) is programmed to select the tangent in direction of the circle orientation (P1-1 - P2-1).
P002 (right diagram) is programmed to select the pointed tangential transition (P1-2 - P2-2)with roundings.
If P002 (pointed tangential transition) is programmed in the first NC block, this selection will also be
applied to the second arc.
Cross Reference For more detailed instructions concerning tangential transitions between contour
segments, see Section 6.1.2 "Tangential Transitions".
Optional Addresses:
Line:
Arc:
Programming Hints If absolute circle centre coordinates are entered, the address P070 must be
programmed in the same NC block.
To avoid repetition, only clockwise-oriented arcs (G72) are included in the graphic
representation of contour strings. All programming examples given are also
applicable to counter-clockwise arcs (G73).
Selection of Solutions
G71 X P000
G71 Z P000
G71 L P000
G72/G73 X Z P000
G72/G73 X I P000 Arc Criterion
G72 X.. I.. P000 (P070) P001 or P002 G72 X.. K.. P000 (P070) P001 or P002
G72 Z.. I.. P000 (P070) P001 or P002 G72 Z.. K.. P000 (P070) P001 or P002
G72 X.. B.. P000 P001 or P002 G72 Z.. B.. P000 P001 or P002
7 Parameters
In the MTS Programming Code, parameters are generally programmed at the
address P. A total of 100 registers "P00" to "P99" are available to the user.
The default parameter address and assignation sign may be edited in the
configuration program (e.g. for use with other programming codes). Note: this kind
of modification should be effected only if a format file containing has been created,
the applicable parameter entries, or if the NC Editor is operating in the free format
mode.
In the free format mode an option is provided to assign a complete command (e.g.
N20 P200= G0 X100) to a parameter register.
The free format mode provides access to 32000 parameter registers.
F
The assignement of a value to a parameter must be programmed either as a
separate NC block or at the end of a block.
ò
N485 G00 XP01 ZP02
In line with the value programmed in block N475 the tool will be moved in X to the
value +20 and in Z to +30 when block 475 is executed.
If, in the free format mode, a command has been assigned to a parameter, there
is no need to program an address to invoke it.
ò
N140 P200
Cross-Reference Please see the Operation Manual of the CNC Simulator for Turning for detailed
instructions concerning the configuration and operation of the free format mode.
8.1 Comments
To keep the structure of a generated NC program clear and intelligible,
explanations and comments concerning specific NC blocks or program parts may
be included in the program itself. Comments must be flagged by special characters
to make them distinguishable from the program blocks. The flagged parts will be
identified by control system and skipped accordingly during program execution.
The comment character may be inserted directly after a command or on the next
line, depending on the length of the text to be entered.
In this case the NC block N220 and the address Z-020.000 in block N230 will be
skipped in the program execution.
Unlike the parenthesis sign preceding a comment, the colon can be removed
without deleting the line: only the special character will disappear and the NC block
will be re-integrated into the program run.
Diagram 8.2: Because of the arithmetic operations included in the NC blocks N270 and
N300 these have been programmed in the "Temporary Free Format Mode".
) The character ")" (closing parentheses) activates the free format mode for the
selected program line. As with the comment character (see above), any
sequence of characters (including blanks) can be entered after the special
character. All entries will take effect in the program run, while no syntax
checking is applied. It is advisable to make sure that your entries are logical
and interpretable!
F
The option of activating the free format mode in each selected program line can be
used for condensed input of NC blocks as well as to include arithmetic operations
in the programming:
N330 ) P1 = -005.500
N340 ) P2 = P1 + P1
ò
P2 = - 011.000
Brackets [] In addition to the operations described above, brackets can be used. The
applicable characters are "[" (opening bracket) and "]" (closing bracket).
Absolute Value ABS To enter a number as an absolute value, the character string "ABS" must be
programmed prior to that number. This may serve to exclude negative
values:
N330 ) P1 = -005.500
N350 ) P2 = ABS [+004.500 + P1]
ò
P2 = 001.000
Integer Value INT If, in the course of an arithmetic operation, only the numbers before the
decimal point should be taken into account, the character string "INT" must
be programmed prior to the respective value:
N445 ) P1 = +010.000
N450 ) P2 = -001.500
N455 ) P1 = INT [P1 + P2]
...
N480 ) G23 P450 Q470 S3
ò
P1' = 008.000, P1'' = 006.000, P1''' = 004.000
During the first execution of the program part repetition P1 is set to the value 8, in
the second execution it is set to 6 and in the third to 4.
"Modulo" Value % "Modulo" is the term for the remainder of a division calculation, when the
result is to be a value of integer numbers e.g.:
5/2=2
4
_____
1 (modulo-value)
The division sign for modulo calculation is "%" (percentage) , e.g. 5 modulo 2: 5 %
2
ò
P1 = 001.000
Sine SIN The sine function applies to right-angled triangles and is established by the
function "opposite cathetus/hypotenuse". The character string "SIN" must be
programmed prior to entering a sine value in angular degrees.:
Cosine COS The cosine function applies to right-angled triangles and is established by the
function "adjacent cathetus/hypotenuse". The character string "COS" must
be programmed prior to entering a cosine value in angular degrees.:
Tangent TAN The tangent function applies to right-angled triangles and is established by
the function "opposite cathetus/adjacent cathetus". The character string
"TAN" must be programmed prior to entering a tangent value in angular
degrees:
Arc Tangent ATAN The arc tangent function applies to right-angled triangles, it establishes the
included angle of the adjacent cathetus and hypotenuse.
This functional equation is the inverse function of the tangent: "opposite
cathetus/adjacent cathetus". The character string "ATAN" must be entered to
program the arc tangent, which will be calculated in angular degrees:
Square Root SQRTTo program the square root function, the character string "SQRT" is entered :
ò
P16 = 005.000
Exponential Function EXP This exponential function, programmed by the character string EXP, is based
on "Euler's constant" (e = 2,71828...); it serves to calculate the ex. value for
each case.
Natural Logarithm LN As the inverse to the above exponential function, programming "LN" serves
to calculate the logarithm to the base e :
F
Note: when applying arithmetical operations or programming parameters, the
entered values or intended functions must "make sense" in the overall context of
the NC programming. If the arithmetical operations prove invalid, a corresponding
error message with the suffix "operation error..." will appear (cf. CNC Simulator
Operating Manual).
Calculating a Chamfer:
Z2 => Z1 - P03
X2 => P04
Z1 = 000.000
X1 => P04 - 2 * P03 / TAN P15
1. First the cross turning is executed, up to the point where the chamfer is to
begin. The part diameter at this point can easily be calculated by applying the
tangent function(see Diagr.):
N190 ) G01 X [P04 - 2 * P03 / TANP15]
Note: dx = X2 - X1 relates to the diameter. The value of the adjacent cathetus in
the tangent function must therefore be doubled.
F
Parametricized cutting cycles can be used as macros for other NC programs.
Note: If you choose to use macros as subprograms, make sure you do not
program any jump instructions or program part repetitions.
Diagram 9.1 : Setup form; programming of data for the automatic setup of the machine tool.
9 Setup Form
9.1 Preface
The setup form lists all data necessary for the automatic setup of a machine tool
when an NC program is started, as defined in the Simulator configuration. This data
includes the following:
- Blank-/part geometry
- Clamping devices and clamping mode
- Tools in the turret and current tool
- Offset values of the tools employed
Setup forms describing the status of the machine at any time can be created
automatically or manually. Each setup form is listed before the NC program to
which it applies and is distinctly separated from the actual program lines. It is also
possible to create and manage an NC program bound to a specific set of setup
data.
If the setup form interpreter (see CNC Simulator Operating Manual) is selected,
the CNC Simulator will automatically be set up according to the specified setup
data, each time the respective NC program is loaded in the automatic or in the
interactive programming mode.
If the user wishes to include the setup of a specific machine status in the start-up
routine of the CNC Simulator itself, the name of the NC program to which that setup
applies, must be specified in the configuration program. In cases where a setup
form and a status file have been specified in the configuration, the Simulator will be
set up according to the status file.
Note Note: When a setup form documenting a specific machine status is generated
automatically, it will be included in the current NC program without a security
prompt. If the selected NC program already has a setup form prefixed to it, this will
be overwritten without further dialogue.
F
When manually creating or editing a setup form, it is important to check on
the valid input of words, parameters and values. Invalid keywords will be
ignored and missing parameters will be set to zero. Trouble-free execution of
a program is guaranteed only if there are no errors with value input and
spelling.
If specific data is missing or wronly entered, as a rule the respective data
from the previous definition of the machine status will normally be entered.
()
(( 26.6.1998 08:20
(
( CONFIGURATION
( MACHINE MTS TC-DRT-CSP-042-0400x2000
( CONTROL MTS TC DRT CSP CONTROL
(
( PART
( CYLINDER D060.000 L112.000
( MATERIAL C 45 W-Nr: 1.0503
( DENSITY 007.90
(
( MAIN SPINDLE WITH WORKPART
( CHUCK KFD-HS 130
( STEP JAW HM-110_130-02.001
( TYPE OF CHUCK EXTERNAL CHUCK OUTSIDE STEP JAW
( CHUCKING DEPTH E18.000
(( Right side of the part: Z+222.000
(
( COUNTER SPINDLE WITHOUT WORKPART
( CHUCK KFD-HS 160
( STEP JAW HM-160_200-01.001
( POS. COUNTER SPINDLE Z+1000.000
(
( CURRENT TOOL T01
( TOOLS
( T01 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SCLCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30
( T02 CENTER DRILL CD-04.00/056/R/HSS ISO30
( T03 TWIST DRILL DR-10.00/087/R/HSS ISO30
( T04 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30
( T05 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SVJCL-2020/L/1604 ISO30
( T06 RECESSING TOOL ER-SGTFL-2012/L/02.4-0 ISO30
( T07 LEFT THREADING TOOL TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/3.00 ISO30
( T08-R LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SCLCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30
( T09-R REVERSIBLE TIP DRL DI-26.00/059/R/HMT ISO30
( T10-R LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-MTJNL-2020/L/1604 ISO30
( T11-R LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-MTJNL-2020/L/1604 ISO30
( T12-R INSIDE TURNING TOOL POST BI-SDQCL-1212/L/0704 ISO30
( T13-R INTERN. THREADING TOOL POSTAX. TI-ITTR-2016/R/60/2.50 ISO30
( T14 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SVJCL-2020/L/1604 ISO30
( T15-R TWIST DRILL DR-14.00/065/R/HSS ISO30
( T16 LEFT THREADING TOOL TL-LHTR-2020/R/60/3.00 ISO30
(
( TOOL COMPENSATION
( D01 R000.400 X+100.000 Z+041.500 G000.000 E005.000 I-000.400 K-000.400
( D02 R000.000 X+062.000 Z+070.000 G004.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
( D03 R000.000 X+062.000 Z+129.000 G010.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
( D04 R000.400 X+100.000 Z+041.500 G000.000 E032.000 I-000.400 K-000.400
( D05 R000.400 X+100.000 Z+041.500 G000.000 E052.000 I-000.400 K-000.400
( D06 R000.160 X+095.000 Z+038.700 G002.400 E000.000 I-000.160 K-000.160
( D07 R000.433 X+105.000 Z+037.067 G000.000 E000.000 I-000.433 K+000.000
( D08 R000.400 X+100.000 Z-041.500 G000.000 E005.000 I-000.400 K+000.400
( D09 R000.000 X+065.000 Z-115.000 G026.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
( D10 R000.400 X+100.000 Z-041.500 G000.000 E027.000 I-000.400 K+000.400
( D11 R000.400 X+100.000 Z-041.500 G000.000 E027.000 I-000.400 K+000.400
( D12 R000.400 X+056.224 Z-120.000 G000.000 E017.500 I+000.400 K+000.400
( D13 R000.361 X+051.439 Z-120.000 G000.000 E000.000 I+000.361 K+000.000
( D14 R000.400 X+100.000 Z+041.500 G000.000 E052.000 I-000.400 K-000.400
( D15 R000.000 X+062.000 Z-112.000 G014.000 E000.000 I+000.000 K+000.000
( D16 R000.433 X+105.000 Z+037.067 G000.000 E000.000 I-000.433 K+000.000
(
()
Diagram 9.2 : Setup data of an NC program
Beginning and End The beginning and end of the setup form must be indicated by the character string
Indicator: "()" Deleting one of these indicators may lead to problems in the program run.
Line Start Indicator The character "(" - otherwise used to denote a comment - must be entered at the
beginning of each new line.
Break Character Different entries within the same line must be separated by at least one blank
character.
Keywords A number of pre-defined "keywords" can be used with the entry of setup data,
serving to denote that element of the machining space to which the subsequent
information relates. These keywords are given and explained in further detail on the
following pages.
e.g.: ( CYLINDER D60 L112
The character"(" indicates the beginning of a new line and the character
string "CYLINDER" is the keyword for the definition of a blank.
Parameters After the keyword has been entered, the appropriate elements can be specified
either by input of dimensions or by entering object or file names.
e.g.: ( T04 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30
The corner tool identified by " CL-SDJCL-2020/L/1204 ISO30" is mounted to
the turret position "T04" .
Groups of Elements For the sake of clarity, all entries relating to a common technical context will be
arranged in "groups". The grouping has a binding effect and must therefore be
observed in the subsequent programming. :
e.g.: (MAIN SPINDLE WITH WORKPART
( CHUCK KFD-HS 130
( STEP JAW HM-110_130-02.001
( TYPE OF CHUCK EXTERNAL CHUCK OUTSIDE STEP JAW
( CHUCKING DEPTH E18.000
Comments To include comments in the setup form, another opening parenthesis "("must be
entered to indicate the beginning of the comment text. Specific comments - e.g.
"right face of the workpiece : ..." - will be set automatically when a setup form is
representing a current machine status is created.
In cases where the character "(" is also used to name an element, the character
should be entered twice to make sure it will not be interpreted as a comment
character.
Example.: Chuck Name : "SP5(120" -> Setup form: ( LATHE CHUCK SP5((120
NC Block ()
...
()
Note The character strings indicating the beginning and end of the setup form must be
programmed to ensure trouble-free program execution.
NC Block ( CONFIGURATION
( MACHINE [FILENAME1]
( CONTROL [FILENAME2]
Addresses [FILENAME1] Name of the machine configuration file
[FILENAME2] Name of the control configuration file
Note Configuration files cannot be read-in while the CNC Simulator is switched on; it is
therefore of no importance for the program run, whether such files have been
specified in the setup form. To edit the configuration, machining must be interrupted
and the desired configuration files identified in the selection menu.
Example ( CONFIGURATION
( MACHINE MTS TC-DRT-CSP-042-0400x2000
( CONTROL MTS TC DRT CSP CONTROL
The polygon is specified with the number N for corners and with the width over the
flats D. Based on these data and on the quantity theory the raw part is created as
an average of the cylinder/tube with the N-polygon.
Note The values entered must only relate to one type of blank at a time.
Parameters not entered will automatically be set to zero.
3D view:
demonstration of the
N-sided polygon
specified as a blank
Note Only matching clamping elements can be specified. See clamping device
management for the correct names of the clamping elements.
Setting-up:
Clamping selection
Clamping on counter If the turning machine is configured for counter spindle it is possible to select a
spindle corresponding clamping device and to use the counter spindle.
Setting-up:
Clamping on the main
and counter spindle
Note The clamping mode must be consistent with the blank/workpiece geometry.
If no clamping mode is defined, the default mode will be external clamping with
externally stepped jaws.
If a clamping mode has been defined and "turning between centres" has been
selected as the clamping device, the entry concerning the clamping mode will be
ignored.
Note Check on possible collisions. The turret will be moved to the reference point in the
automatic setup procedure.
Programming Example:
...
( CHUCKING DEPTH E+028.000
...
Note To facilitate the programming of the workpiece zero, the Z-value of the front face
will be indicated as a comment when a setup form is generated automatically.
2 work parts In the set-up sheet it is possible to store information on two work parts. Also the
information which of the work parts is chucked on each spindle is stored in the set-
up sheet.
Example 1 Set-up sheet of a turning machine with counter spindle and two work parts.
...
definition of the ( PART 1
first work part ( CYLINDER D020.000 L072.400
( MATERIAL C 45 W.-No 1.0503
(
defintition of the ( PART 2
second work part ( GEOMETRY X+000.000 Z+435.200
( G01 X+020.000 Z+435.200
( G01 X+020.000 Z+441.588
( G03 X+019.700 Z+441.900 I+000.250 K+000.312
...
( G01 X+000.000 Z+435.200
( M30
( MATERIAL C 45 W.-No 1.0503
(
clamping the first work ( MAIN SPINDLE WITH WORKPART 1
part in the main spindle ( COLLET CHUCK BO-HS
( COLLET BO-BC32-20
( CHUCKING DEPTH E54.700
(( Right side of the part: Z+017.700
(
clamping the second ( COUNTER SPINDLE WITH WORKPART 2
work part in the counter ( COLLET CHUCK BO-GS
spindle ( COLLET BO-BC32-14
( CHUCKING DEPTH E9.500
( POS. COUNTER SPINDLE Z+423.000
(( Left workpart surface: Z+416.200
...
Example 2 Set-up sheet of a turning machine with counter spindle and one work part.
...
definition of the ( PART
work part ( CYLINDER D025.000 L162.400
( MATERIAL ::Messing
( DENSITY 008.70
(
clamping the work part ( MAIN SPINDLE WITH WORKPART
in the main spindle ( COLLET CHUCK CCPO-KSPF-48
( COLLET POCC-171E-22
( CHUCKING DEPTH E81.000
(( Right side of the part: Z+172.000
(
no work part in the ( COUNTER SPINDLE WITHOUT WORKPART
counter spindle ( COLLET CHUCK CCPO-KSPF-48
( COLLET POCC-171E-22
( POS. COUNTER SPINDLE Z+1000.000
...
NC Block ( TOOLS
( T.. RIGHT CORNER TOOL [Tool name]
( T.. LEFT CORNER TOOL [Tool name]
( T.. COPYING TOOL [Tool name]
( T.. ROUND HORIZONTAL [Tool name]
( T.. INSIDE TURNING TOOL POST [Tool name]
( T.. INSIDE TURNING TOOL PRE [Tool name]
( T.. INSIDE RECESSING TOOL PREAXI. [Tool name]
( T.. INSIDE RECESSING TOOL POSTAXI. [Tool name]
( T.. FRONT GROOVING TOOL [Tool name]
( T.. RECESSING TOOL [Tool name]
( T.. RH THREADING TOOL [Tool name]
( T.. LEFT THREADING TOOL [Tool name]
( T.. TWIST DRILL [Tool name]
( T.. CENTER DRILL [Tool name]]
( T.. REVERSIBLE TIP DRL [Tool name]
( T.. INTERN THREADING TOOL PREAXI. [Tool name]
( T.. INTERN THREADING TOOL POSTAX. [Tool name
( T.. SPECIAL TOOL. [Tool name]
( T.. EMPTY
Addresses T Specification of the selected tool in the turret (two-digit, e.g. "T09")
Note Only tools that are included in the tool management can be specified. If a tool type
keyword has been spelled incorrectly no new tools can be mounted. If the tool
name is invalid, a corresponding error message will appear.
When using driven tools it is possible to select milling tools out of the following
machining groups:
• End mill
• Slot milling tool
• T-slot cutter
• Radius cutter
• Reamer
• Tap
• Drill
• Core drill
The individual tools of the above groups can be used either vertically or horizontally
in the turret. This definition is made in set-up mode under the menu item for
equipping the turret.
CNC simulator turning version 6 offers new tool adaptation possibilities for turning
and for driven tools especially for the use of the counter spindle.
In case of this type of turret the tool carrier reference points are located on the
turret surface. For tool equipping special tool adapters are available.
If the turning machine is configured for counter spindle the user can define the use
of the tools for machining on the main or counter spindle, after the turret has been
equipped. This definition is done with the menu item Turn the tool in the main
menu of equipping the turret. Herewith the current tool is turned 180° and used in
the turret.
Setting-up:
Equipping the turret
with driven tools
Additional Next to the information on turret position equipping the set-up sheet contains
identification of additional identifications on the application of the tool. These identifications each
tool application in have a different meaning:
set-up sheet
-R This letter indicates that a turning tool or a horizontal milling tool is installed
in the tool turret, turned 180°, for machining on counter spindle.
-V This letter indicates that a milling tool is used for vertical machining
irrespective of the fact if machining takes place on the main or counter
spindle.
Based on the additional identifications for the tool application the following set-up
sheet alternatives are possible:
Example 1
( T06 SLOT MILLING TOOL MS-10.0/022K/HSS ISO 1641
Example 2
( T08-R SLOT MILLING TOOL MS-14.0/053L/HSS ISO 1641
Example 3
( T07-V RADIUS CUTTER RC-03/01.5/05/HSS ISO1641
Example 4
( T02 LEFT CORNER TOOL CL-MTJNR-2020/R/1604 ISO30
Example 5
( T04-R RIGHT CORNER TOOL CR- MSBNL-2020/R/1204 ISO30
Compensation values for Left Corner Tool and Axial Reccessing Tool:
( COMPENSATION VALUES
( D.. R... X... Z... G... E... I... K...
Addresses The keyword "Valid Compensation Values" is entered without parameters. This
effects the setting of the default compensation values to the appropriate registers,
denoted by numbers corresponding to the turret position numbers, e.g. the offset
values for "T01" are stored in the register "01" etc.
Denotation Parameter
Number of register D (Two-digit:01-16)
Tool nose radius R
Drills: R=000.000
Coordinates of the theoretical tool tip X and Z
relative to the tool reference point
Max. width of recessing tool G
or diameter of drill All other tools:
G=000.000
Plan angle of external and E
internal tools All other tools: E=000.000
Tool nose compensation vector 1 I and K
Drills: =000.000
Note For a detailed description of the definition of compensation values, see the
Operating Manual of the CNC Simulator.
10 NC Program Analysis
The NC program analysis is a comfortable tool for the technological and
economical analysis of rotation symmetrical machining within NC programs.
For each tool applied in the simulation it calculates the corresponding machining of
the work part in form of a travel path representation including a table with the
corresponding technological data.
With reference to each tool and to the corresponding machining the following
information is calculated for each machining process:
• machining process (commentary in NC program)
• tool position in turret
• minimum and maximum infeed of cutting point resulting from infeed
• number of rotations (minimum and maximum)
• cutting speed (minimum and maximum)
• infeed (minimum and maximum)
• length of travel path with infeed speed
• traversing time with infeed speed
• traversing time in rapid speed
• tool changing time
• cut material volume
• sum of the calculated times
Select NC The NC program analysis is started in the main menu of the automatic mode by
program analysis selecting the menu item calculate NC data after you have entered the name of
the NC program to be analyzed
After the NC program is run the user can enter additional information, for instance,
name of the customer, of the part, special tool description among other things. This
information can be displayed on the screen together with the graphical
representation of the machining and of the technology data. It can also be printed
out page by page.
has been included as a comment after the tool change this comment is displayed in
abbreviated form in the table with other analyzed technology information during the
graphical representation of the machining process.
It is also possible to include the technology information (without graphics) into the
corresponding NC program. It then appears as a comment at the end of the
analyzed NC program.
Result of the NC
program analysis:
travel path
indication with the
individual
machining
processes (part 1)
Result of the NC
program analysis:
travel path
indication with the
individual
machining
processes (part 2)
Result of the NC
program analysis:
table of overview
with technological
information
Result of the NC
program analysis
11 3D-View
The performance of the 3D view of the CNC simulator turning 6 has been
considerably extended and offers now almost unlimited possibilities for three-
dimensional viewing of the work part.
The 3D view can be called at any time of the CNC simulation and it always shows
the current machining situation. Within the 3D menu the view can be changed with
the following functions:
3D view:
3D menu for the
selection of the 3D
view
• Free-selected Z cut
With the help of the Z cut the work part can be cut at any point of the Z axis in
the X, Y plane. The orientation of the Z cut indicates which of the so created
two sides of the work part is currently shown.
In the 3D view the different type of machining operations are indicated in color as
follows:
3D view:
3D interface for the
free-selectable
location of the
C cut
3D view:
3D interface menu
for the free-
selectable location
of the Z cut
3D view:
view of the work
part as a 3D full
view without
section cut
12.1 Preface
Counter spindle The free-configurable counter spindle on a track of its own is in the first place
created to take over the work part for complete machining especially for rear side
machining. Either the counter spindle or the tailstock can be configured.
Programming For machining on counter spindle a complete programming code including the
code application of driven tools is available.
Work part transfer The counter spindle makes it first of all possible to take over work parts from the
main spindle or work parts which have already been machined. Furthermore, the
counter spindle enables to take the work part from the main spindle and to transfer
it to the counter spindle after trimming. The counter spindle consequently allows
reversal or complete machining.
Collision The travel movement of the counter spindle is time controlled and is fully
monitoring integrated in the mathematically exact collision monitoring within the machining
space of the machine tool.
Set-up mode If counter spindle is configured it is possible to select the clamping device and to
insert the work part in counter spindle in set-up mode in work part and clamping
device management.
The work part can be inserted either separately one by one in the main or counter
spindle or at once in both of them.
For the take-over of the machining tools a special turret type vertically to the
turning axis is automatically selected allowing tool application for machining on the
main and counter spindle.
Machining with
driven tools on the
counter spindle
Activating The functions and characteristics of the counter spindle are activated in the CNC
counter spindle machine configuration in which the counter spindle is configured instead of the
tailstock.
If you start the CNC simulator with such a configuration it is possible for you to use
the counter spindle.
Programming key The same machining possibilities (G and M commands, cycles) which are
for counter available on the main spindle of the CNC control are available on the counter
spindle spindle as well.
Especially for the programming of the work part transfer, as well as for the
differentiation of machining operations on the main and counter spindle new G and
M commands were necessary to improve the functional applicability of these
operations.
Machining states In the MTS CNC simulator Turning 6 a CNC machine with a counter spindle has
the machining possibilities G29, G30, G28:
In the following passages only the special travel and switch commands for
the programming of a CNC machine with counter spindle are being
discussed.
12.2 Configuration
Within the MTS configuration program of the CNC simulator there are extensive
possibilities to adapt the software to the machine-specific conditions of the CNC
control available.
If a machine with counter spindle was selected as the machine type in the
configuration of the machine to be used, then the counter spindle is additionally
available. Here it is possible to set-up the counter spindle.
Configuration of the
machine:
Set-up of the
counter spindle
NC command G29
F When starting the CNC simulator machining status G29 is in general active. This
means that G29 needs to be explicitly programmed in the NC program only if a
tool transfer (G30) or machining on the counter spindle (G28) was carried out.
Transfer In G29 the following switch commands are valid for the main spindle:
command
NC command G30
Switch commands M37 Switch on parallel run of main and counter spindle
for the main and M38 Switch off parallel run of main and counter spindle
counter spindle in
G30
Address V... Value of the incremental shift of the counter spindle reference point
The direction of the shift is defined by the sign of the address V:
V+... = Shift in the direction of the positive Z axis
V-... = Shift in the direction of the negative Z axis
Incremental shift of
the counter spindle
reference point
Programming ...
example N045 G30 Work part transfer (begin)
N050 G59 V-160 incremental shift of the counter spindle reference point
Incremental shift of ... on the outside surface of the chucking jaws, i.e. 16 mm
the counter spindle in direction of the negative Z axis
reference point
Address V... Z coordinate of the target point of the counter spindle travel movement
Please note that the Z coordinate of the travel movement refers to the
reference point of the counter spindle. In the standard set-up this point is
identical with the counter spindle zero point. However, it is possible to shift
the counter spindle reference point incrementally with the command G59 to
position it, for instance, on the outer edge of the clamping jaws.
F
Counter spindle
If the address V has been programmed in G30 instead of the address X the
machine then moves the current tool to the indicated position.
movement in rapid
speed (without
shifting the counter
spindle reference
point)
Programming ...
example N045 G30 Work part transition (begin)
N050 G00 V+130 Counter spindle in rapid speed movement:
Counter spindle ... The counter spindle reference point is moved to
movement in rapid the value Z=+130 mm.
speed
without G59
Programming ...
example N045 G30 Work part transition (begin)
N050 G59 V-160 Incremental shift of the counter spindle reference point
Counter spindle on the outside surface of the chucking jaws, i.e.
movement in rapid counter spindle in rapid speed: the counter spindle in
speed rapid speed 160 mm to the negative Z axis.
with G59 N055 G00 V-30 The counter spindle reference point is moved to the
... coordinate Z=30. This value corresponds to the
clamping depth of the counter spindle.
Addresses V... Z coordinate of the target point of the counter spindle travel movement
Please note that in G30 the coordinate system of the machining state is
activated in which G30 has been called. The Z coordinate of the travel
movement to be programmed under the address V refers to the counter
spindle reference point. In standard setting this point is identical with the
counter spindle zero point. The counter spindle reference point can,
however, be incrementally shifted with the command G59, for instance to
have the outer edge positioned on the chucking jaws.
F... In feed of the travel movement
Counter spindle in
rapid speed
movement
(without shifting
the counter spindle
reference point)
NC command G27
Counter spindle
movement to the
counter spindle
reference point
= current work part zero point (in machining states G29 and G30)
= counter spindle reference point (without incremental shift with G59)
= counter spindle movement to the counter spindle reference point
Optional O50 Take-over of the counter spindle reference point as a new zero point
addresses of the coordinate system (standard)
O51 Taking the present work part zero point of the work part on the main
spindle as a new zero point of the coordinate system of the work part
on the counter spindle
O51 Z... Taking the present work part zero point as a new zero point of the
coordinate system and a subsequent incremental shift of the new
zero point by the value of Z with reference to the work part zero point
Mirroring Z axis Mirroring the Z axis for machining on counter spindle is controlled by a
configuration variable. Depending on the setting of these variables G28 either
represents the mirroring of the Z axis or retains its direction. The location of the
zero point depends on the fact if the mirroring of Z axis was made or not.
Zero point shifts Absolute and incremental zero point shifts programmed with G28 refer to the new
zero point (= new work part zero point) specified in G28.
Switch commands In machining state G28 the following switch commands are valid for the counter
spindle:
F Please, note the difference between the counter spindle zero point and the so-
called counter spindle reference point. In standard setting these points are
identical. The counter spindle reference point can, however, be shifted
incrementally with the command G59.
Consequently, it is reasonable for the programming of the work part transfer to
shift for instance the counter spindle reference point on to the front edge of the
chucks.
Please, note that when programming the travel movements of the counter spindle
the coordinate data refer to the reference point of the counter spindle.
Programming ...
example N045 G30 Work part transfer (start)
N050 G00 V+130.000 Counter spindle in rapid speed movement: The counter
Work part transfer spindle reference point is placed on the value Z=+130
and machining on mm.
the counter spindle N055 M60 Chucks of the counter spindle inwards (=close).
N060 M11 Chucks of the main spindle outwards (=open).
N065 G27 Reference path of the counter spindle.
N070 G28 O51 Z-100 Switching on machining on the counter spindle: The work
... part zero point is taken as the new origin of the coordinate
system in Z shifted by 100 mm to the left.
12.3.8 Bar feed for work parts in the main spindle G05
Function The bar moves to a programmed position or to the end stop mounted in the counter
spindle.
NC Block 1) M70
2) G05 [W...] [F...]
Optional Addresses W incremental Z value for the shifting in the Z direction
F Feedrate in mm/min
...
M70 open the collet chuck
G05 W50 F200.000 the bar moves 50 mm incremental in the positive X-direction
... with the feedrate of 300mm/min
13.1 Preface
5 controllable NC The CNC simulator version 6 with driven tools represents a CNC machine tool with
axes: 5 controllable NC axes. Unlike the CNC simulator 5.x the traditional Cartesian
X, Z, Y, C and B coordinate system for turning with the main axes X and Z is extended by the main
axis Y. This means that machining with driven tools can be programmed in a new
Cartesian coordinate system offset the rotation center point (Y=0).
The swivel axis B of the turret is new as well. By programming B the turret is
rotated in the turret reference point. It enables you to realize milling with driven
tools on all surfaces and on all machining planes.
Location and
direction of the NC
axes X, Z, Y and C
= Turret
reference point
= Turret rotation
point
= Tool reference
point
Machining planes The NC programming syntax of the CNC simulator turning 6 depends on the
currently active machining plane. The following machining planes can be selected:
In addition to the turning plane (G14) the driven tools are available on all other
machining planes (G15-G19) as well. Conventional rotation-symmetrical
machining is programmed on the turning plane (G14).
Overview of the
machining planes
of the CNC
simulator turning 6
for machining with
driven tools
Programming In addition to the commands G and M of the MTS syntax on turning plane (G14)
code the programming code for driven tools offers a set of new cycles for the application
of driven tools.
As to the new cycles for driven tools machining and multiple cycles are
differentiated.
Machining cycles The machining type and method as well as the geometry and additional
information on the NC machining is programmed in the machining cycles.
Multiple cycles Using a multiple cycle a previously specified machining cycle is controlled to be
performed either once or several times.
In general, the following machining and multiple cycles are available on machining
planes G16, G17, G18 and G19:
G61 Drilling Cycle in G16: 264, in G17:278, in G18: 293 and in G19: 306
G62 Thread Tapping in G16: 265, in G17:279, in G18: 294 and in G19: 307
G63 Reaming/Boring in G16: 266, in G17:280, in G18: 295 and in G19: 308
G64 Square Pocket/in Groove in G16: 267, in G17:281, in G18: 296 and in G19: 309
G65 Circular Pocket in G16: 268, in G17:282, in G18: 297 and in G19: 310
G66 Tapping in G16: 270, in G17:283, in G18: 298 and in G19: 311
G68 Cycle on a Radius in G16: 271, in G17:285, in G18: 300 and in G19: 313
G69 Cycle at a Point in G16: 272, in G17: 286, in G18: 301 and in G19: 314
In general, the main spindle is switched off (M05) when starting and the C axis is
placed in the reference position (milling angle C=0).
The further application possibilities of the C axis depend in the first place on the
selected machining plane:
• When calling G16 (free-definable plane) and G19 (shell and mill surface) the C
axis is positioned at a certain rotation angle. This value remains valid until some
other plane is selected. This means that on the plane G16 and G19 it is not
possible to re-position the C axis any more.
• The plane G15 (standard plane with linear interpolation), G17 (front face) and
G18 (shell surface) are called without a specified rotation angle of the C axis.
On these planes it is possible to position C at any rotation angle. Furthermore, it
is possible to overlap the rotation movement of the C axis with the movement of
the tool (interpolation of several NC axis).
After one of the planes G15, G16, G17, G18 and G19 have been selected the
machine commands (e.g. M03/M04/M05) as well as the following programmed
technology data refer to the auxiliary drive of the driven milling tools on the turret.
This standard situation can be changed by programming the machining cycle and
the multiple cycle in one NC block. The following facts are to be considered:
• The complete machining cycle with all necessary addresses has to be
programmed first.
• The addresses of the machining cycle are followed by the G command of the
desired multiple cycle as well as the necessary address for it.
• In such an NC block with machining and multiple cycles none of the addresses
is allowed to appear more than once.
By selecting the turning plane G14 the functions and features of the driven tools are
de-activated again.
The selection of G14 means that the auxiliary drive (M05) is switched off. The C
axis remains with spindle halt (M05) at the position, which was taken after the last
programmed movement on the C axis plane.
13.2 Configuration
The MTS configuration program of the CNC simulator contains extensive
possibilities for adjusting the software to the special features of the machine tool
and CNC control available.
If a CNC machine with driven tools was selected in the configuration of the machine
tool the additional configuration option driven tools is available. The corresponding
set-ups can be made here.
Configuration
machine:
Set-ups for the
driven tools
F When configuring CNC machines with driven tools, also note the configuration
menus main spindle, turret and eventually also counter spindle. In these
menus the availability of the controllable NC axes C, Y and B needs to be set-up.
F In this manual all the programming clarifications on driven tools are based
on the MTS standard machine configuration MTS GSP AWZ as well as on
the MTS standard configuration MTS CNCT GSP AWZ for the CNC control
for turning.
NC Command G14
Programming If the turret was rotated in rotation axis B on some other machining plane prior to
hints the selection of G14 this rotation remains valid on the rotation plane. Prior to
making any further rotation-symmetrical machining the B axis in NC program
should be first switched back to B=0 (for instance the command: G01 B0). This
guarantees that the current tool correction values are processed correctly.
A light swivel of the turret (small B values) changes the recessing and withdrawal
angle of the tools. This can have positive and negative consequences for the
programmed machining.
Location and
direction of the NC
axes X and Z on
turning plane G14
Coordinate entries
of a point on
turning plane G14
NC Command G15
Location and
direction of the NC
axes X, Z, Y and C
on standard plane
with linear
interpolation G15
Entry of the
coordinates of a
point on standard
plane with linear
interpolation G15
In general the turret is tilted in such an angle B that the tool is located vertically to
the plane to be machined. The rotation angle of the turret is within the range -
90°<B<+90° for a vertically clamped tool. For machining with a horizontally clamped
tool it is reasonable to use the angle range 0°<B<+180°.
For the realization of simple NC programming for milling with swiveled tools a new
coordinate system is introduced by selecting machining on a free-definable plane
G16. The coordinate axes YG16, ZG16 are hereby allocated to any plane. The third
coordinate axis of the Cartesian coordinate system XG16 is located vertically on the
specified plane directed off from the work part.
Example of free-
definable plane G16
with the coordinate
system XG16, YG16,
ZG16
The definition of a new coordinate system XG16, YG16, ZG16 is made by selecting any
plane G16 in reference to the coordinate system X, Y, Z of the turning plane G14.
The new coordinate system XG16, YG16, ZG16 is specified by the rotation in the Y axis
(rotation angle A) and by the shift of the new zero point in X and/or Z. The
additional definition of the positioning angle of the rotation axis C defines the
location of the free-definable plane G16.
The value of this rotation angle A specifies simultaneously the angle B, which is the
angle the tool turret has to be rotated for machining on the deliberate plane.
Location of the
coordinate system
on free-definable
plane G16
Location variants of
a free-definable
plane G16 for
manufacturing of
shell and mill
surfaces
F Please note in the above figure that the work part was first positioned on the
corresponding point of the rotation axis C prior to starting the machining on the
free-definable plane G16.
Values of the
coordinates of a
free-definable plane
G16
Addresses of
the selection
alternative 1
of free-definable
plane G16
F When selecting the plane the coordinates in X, Z, I and K refer to the original
coordinate system of the turning plane G14.
When quitting the plane G15 the zero point is re-positioned on the turning plane
G14.
Addresses of the
selection
alternative 2 of
free-definable plane
G16
Free-definable plane G16 (YG16, ZG16 plane) specified by the point P1 and the angle A
Machining a boring
pattern on a face
surface
programmed with
free-definable plane
G16
Programming ...
example N040 G94 F120 S1800 T0909
N045 G00 X+150 Z+30
Selection of the N050 G16 X+60 Z-10 K-10 A-10 C+45
free-definable plane N055 G01 B-10 M03
G16 to machine a N060 G01 X+30 Z-10
boring pattern on a N065 G60 X-20 I+90 K+40 V+60 W-90 O011
plane surface G16 N070 G69
N075 F80 S1200 T1515 M03
N080 G01 X+20 Z-50
N085 G61 X-50 K+20 A+10 B+10 D+10 W+30
N090 G67 Y+0 Z-55 J+0 E+360 R+20 S008
...
Ø The above example shows a part of a drawing. The production task includes
the machining of two curved surfaces and two drillings which are located at
180° angle to each other. These four machining elements require the
application of a tool rotated in B axis.
2. Now group all the machining elements which can be machined with one rotation
angle of the B axis and those which can be machined with one rotation angle of
the C axis.
The curved surface as well as the drilling of the group 1 are to be machined
in the position C=0° of the rotation axis. Both elements to be machined can
be machined at the same angle position B of the turret.
For machining the elements of the group 2 the rotation axis has to be
positioned C=180°. The same angle B can be used here as well.
3. The angle of the C axis as well as the location of the new coordinate system
XG16, YG16, ZG16 is defined by selecting the free-definable plane G16. During
machining on this plane they cannot be changed any more. This means that in
the current example, two different, free-definable planes G16 have to be
selected one after the other to be able to realize all machining processes.
Example for a
production task
on plane G16 (part 3)
Straight line 1 on the X, Z plane (Y=0) indicating the rotation of the free-
definable plane to be programmed in the Y axis of the coordinate system of
the turning plane G14 (angle A)
Straight line 2 on the X, Y plane (Z=0) indicating the rotation of the free-
definable plane to be programmed in Z axis of the coordinate system of the
turning plane G14 (angle position of the rotation axis C)
For the programming of machining with driven tools the turret has to be rotated
in such an angle so as to have the milling tool vertically positioned to the
selected free-definable plane G16. In this example the width of the angle A
also specifies the width of the angle B.
F For the exact definition of the angles A and C based on the CAD drawing it is
necessary that the technical representation meets the following requirements:
F If several free-definable planes G16 are to be programmed for one work part the
following items have to be additionally considered:
• A side view or a section view (X, Y plane) has to indicate clearly the respective
rotation angle of the rotation axis C. It describes the location of the various free-
definable planes to each other.
• For each element or each group of elements to be manufactured a longitudinal
section in X, Z plane (Y=0) has to be drawn whereby the work part has to be
rotated in the Z axis prior to it so as to have the straight line 2 in X, Z plane
(Z=0) parallel to the Y axis. Otherwise, it is not possible to determine the angle A
exactly from the drawing.
Geometrical data
which is not
sufficient for the
selection of the
plane G16 in a CAD
drawing
The above example shows a part of a drawing which in its present form does not
contain enough information for the definition and selection of the free-definable
plane G16
The straight line in X, Y plane (Z=0) does not run parallel to the Y axis.
The drawing shows clearly the angle of the rotation axis C for both of the groups
elements to be manufactured, however, it does not give any information on the
rotation in longitudinal section in Y axis for the indicated group of elements to be
manufactured. In such a case the value of the angle A has to be either explicitly
indicated or represented in some other elevation.
F When programming the addresses of the machining cycle all the coordinate data
refer in the following to the coordinate system XG16YG16ZG16 of the plane G16.
For this cycle it is necessary to have the Y axis available in the CNC machine.
If 011 is programmed the tool moves in Y from -Ymin to +Ymin, whereby Y min is
the smallest value calculated for the current infeed to generate the
programmed face milling area. In this case the programming of the address
V has no relevance.
NC addresses for
the programming of
a face milling cycle
G60 on free-
definable plane G16
Starting point of the plane area. The Z coordinate is defined in the multiple
cycle or by the current tool position.
End point of the face milling area (X, W)
F
Addresses
When programming the addresses of the machining cycle the coordinate values
refer to the coordinate system XG16YG16ZG16 of the free-definable plane G16.
NC command G64 X... V... D... [K...] [I...] [A...] [B...] [W...]
Optional I Infeed in YG16 ZG16 plane in percentage of the milling tool diameter
Addresses
If I has not been programmed the standard value I=75% is valid. An
applicable value range for I is 10%<I<85%. The resulting path undercutting
is 100%-I.
W Distance between the clearance and withdrawal plane of the machining
cycle (incremental)
In the address W it is possible to program the distance X between the
withdrawal and the clearance plane of the machining cycle. The X coordinate
of the withdrawal plane is defined by the starting point of the cycle.
If the address W has been programmed the first infeed of the tool is made in
rapid speed by the value W when calling the machining cycle. Then the
machining is carried out with the programmed infeed value.
Optional I Infeed in YG16 ZG16 plane in percentage of the milling tool diameter
addresses
If I has not been programmed the standard value I=75% is valid. A
reasonable range for I is 10%<I<85%. The resulting path undercutting is
100%-I.
W Distance between the clearance and withdrawal plane of the machining
cycle (incremental)
In the address W it is possible to program the distance X between the
withdrawal and the clearance plane of the machining cycle. The X coordinate
of the withdrawal plane is defined by the starting point of the cycle.
If the address W has been programmed the first infeed of the tool is made in
rapid speed movement by the value W when calling the machining cycle.
Then the machining is carried out with the programmed infeed value.
Optional Z, Y Coordinates of the starting point of the radius and the first cycle call
Addresses point
For coordinates which have not been programmed the value of the current
tool position is used for the definition of the center of the circle.
Programming If the processing of a machining cycle G60 is programmed with the command
hints G69, then only the coordinates X and Y will be interpreted. The coordinate Y
results from the face milling cycle G60.
For the machining cycles G61, G62, G63, G64, G65 and G66 all the three
coordinates X, Z and Y can be programmed.
F
Location and
On plane G17, tool movements which have been programmed in Cartesian
coordinates X, Y are converted into movements of the X and C axis.
direction of the NC
axis X, Z, Y and C of
front face milling
G17
NC command G17
Programming When using the Cartesian coordinates X, Y the G commands G00, G01, G02,
hints G03, G71, G72 and G73 can be applied as usual. The value of the coordinate X is
then programmed as a diameter value.
F Please note that the address O can be programmed twice within the NC
command G12, and in each case with a different value.
F Please note that the address O can be programmed twice within the NC
command G12, and in each case with a different value.
NC command G64 Z... V... D... K... [I...] [A...] [B...] [W...]
Optional X,Y/C Coordinates of the starting point of the radius and of the 1st cycle
addresses call point.
The starting point can be programmed either in Cartesian
(X, Y) or in polar coordinates (X, C).
When processing a cycle, a Y coordinate which has been programmed in
Cartesian coordinates is converted into a corresponding rotation of the
rotation axis in C.
For coordinates which have not been programmed the corresponding
value of the current tool position is used for the definition of the starting
point.
To program on this plane either the Cartesian coordinates Y, Z of the rolled out
shell surface of the diameter X or the cylindrical coordinates Z, C can be used.
Cartesian
coordinates of a
point on a shell
surface G18
Location of a point
on a shell surface
G18 in cylinder
coordinates
Programming When using the Cartesian coordinates Y, Z the G commands G00, G01, G02,
hints G03, G71, G72 and G73 can be used as usual.
F Please, note that the address O within the NC command G12 can be
programmed twice, and in each case with different values.
F Please, note that the address O within the NC command G12 can be
programmed twice, and in each case with different values.
NC command G64 X... V... D... K... [I...] [A...] B...] [W...]
Optional Z, Y/C Coordinates of the starting point of the radius and the 1st cycle call
addresses point
The starting point can be programmed in Cartesian coordinates (Z, Y)
and also in polar coordinates (Z, C).
When processing the cycle, the Y coordinate programmed in the
Cartesian system is converted into the corresponding rotation of the
rotation axis C.
For the coordinates which have not been programmed the corresponding
value of the current tool position is used for the definition of the starting
point.
Using chord surface does not necessarily require the availability of the B axis on the
CNC machine. However, for eccentric machining an additional Y axis is required.
The coordinate system of the turning plane G14 is valid also for machining on a
chord surface G19. When programming the Cartesian plane coordinates Y and Z
are used. The infeed is made in direction of the negative X axis.
Location and
direction of the NC
axes X, Z, Y and C
in the plane G19
chord surface
The coordinates of
a point on the plane
G19 chord surface
Address C Rotation angle of the rotation axis where the work part is positioned
when selecting the plane (fixed)
When switching on the CNC machine the controllable NC axes are referenced. The
reference point for the rotation angle 0° of the rotation axis C are located on the
positive X axis of the machine coordinate system. When clamping the raw part the
location of the value C=0° is specified in relation to the work part. Subsequently, it is
possible to make the exact positioning of the work part for machining with driven
tools by programming the address C.
F When programming the addresses of the machining cycle the coordinate data
refers in the following to the coordinate system X, Y, Z of the turning plane G14.
The cycle requires the availability of a Y axis on a CNC machine.
If O11 has been programmed the tool moves in Y only from -Ymin to +Ymin,
whereby Y min is the smallest value calculated for the current infeed to
generate the programmed plane surface. Programming the address V is in
this case irrelevant.
NC command G64 X... V... D... [K...] [I...] [A...] [B...] [W...]
Optional Z, Y Coordinates of the starting point of the radius and the 1st cycle call
addresses point
For coordinates which have not been programmed the value of the current
tool position is used.
Index
Code (Number)
3D-View 233 See NC Block: 25
Commands 26
A Modal and Non-modal 26
Compensation Values 230
Absolute Dimensioning 17
Compensation Value Storage 21
Absolute Dimensions
Length Compensation 21
Activate 61
Configuration
De-Activate 62
Counter Spindle 237
Addresses
Driven Tools 251
Alternative Addresses 27
Constant Cutting Speed
Combined Addresses 27
See Cutting Speed: 66
Optional Addresses 27
Contour Segments
Table of Addresses 315
See Contour Strings: 142
Alternative Solutions with Contour Strings
Contour String
See Contour Strings: 142
Three-Point String
Angle Criterion
Arc - Arc 183
See Contour Strings: 152
Contour Strings 142
Angle Criterion with Contour Strings
Arc Segment 144
See Contour Strings: 142
Chamfer between Two Lines 159
Arc as a Contour Segment
Circle Centres Absolute 147
See Contour Strings: 142
Four-Point String
Arc Criterion
with Tangential Transitions 188
See Contour Strings: 154
Line Segment 144
Arc Criterion with Contour Strings
Open Contour Strings 194
See Contour Strings: 142
Pointed Tangential Transitions 150
Rounding between Two Entities 157
B Selection of Solutions 151
Bar feed for work parts in the main spindle 246 Arc Criterion 154
Basic Geometry 13 Selection of Solutions - Angle Criterion 152
Basics of NC Programming 25 Selection of Solutions - Line Criterion 153
Blank 219 Selection of Solutions with Roundings 157
Tangential Connection to Preceding Entity 201
C Tangential Transitions 148
Three-Point String
Cancel Incremental Zero Shift 60
Arc - Line 170
Centre Sleeve
Line - Arc 176
Lock/Unlock 29
Line - Line 166
Chamfer between Segments - See Contour Strings:
Two-Point String
159
Straight Line 160
Chamfering between Axially Parallel Straight Lines
Contouring Cycle
Radius/Chamfer Cycle 131
Contouring/Multipass Cycle 111
Chamfering Cycle 131
Cross Roughing Cycle for any Contour 98
Changes and Supplements to the Version 5.x
Recessing Cycle for any Contour 124
Change of Address Letter 11
Straight Roughing Cycle for any Contour 88
Change of G-Commands 11
Coolant
Chord Surface 302
Activate/Deactivate 28
Chucking Depth 224
Coordinate System 13; 60
Circle Interpolation: 36
Cartesian Coordinate System 13
Circular Interpolation
for CNC-Turning 13
Clockwise 36
Origin of the Coordinate System 13
Clamping Devices 222
Polar Coordinate System 13
Clamping Mode 223
Shift Coordinate System
Clearance Cutting Cycle
See Workpiece Zero: 59
G78 in Compliance with DIN 509 Types E and F
Two-dimensional Coordinate System 13
81
Coordinates 13
G85 in Compliance with DIN 509 Types E and F
Core Diameter of Threads
117
See Thread: 69
Clearance Cutting Cycle: 81; 117
E N
NC Block 25
End Block Number in Subprograms Addresses 25
See Subprograms: 43 Code 25
End Block Number of Repeated Program Parts Format 25
See Repeated Program Parts: 44 Skipping of NC blocks 207
External Diameter of Threads Value 25
See Thread: 69 Word 25
NC Program Analysis 231
F N-polygon 219
Feedrate 29
Millimeters per Minute 64 O
Millimeters per Revolution 65 Open Contour Strings
Final Contour 55 See Contour Strings: 142
Finishing Allowance 73 Optional Block Skip 43
Four-Point String
See Contour Strings: 142
Free-definable Plane 254 P
Front Face 273 Parameter 205
Planes
© MTS GmbH 1998 319
Appendix: Table of Programmable Addresses