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品詞 is divided into
1-自立語(jiritsugo).
2-付属語(fuzokugo).
2 will be explained later.
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自立語(じりつご):-
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*自立語(じりつご):-is a word capable of building a bunsetsu by it self. remember that
ear meaning and a grammatical function), which means only 自立語 can fulfill these condit
ions.
part of speech that is considered to be a 自立語 are:-
A- 名詞(めいし、Noun).
B- 動詞(どうし、Verb):Verb is a word or phrase that describes an action, condition o
verb classifications are many. I'll introduce you to the most commonly used verb
classification in Japan.
Stem is the part that will never change during any conjugation.it can be found i
n both verbs and adjectives (and even in auxiliary verbs and adjectives =>助動詞). Stem m
y functions as a " A MULTI-USE BODY". meaning, you can create various types of "
part of speech" just by adding specific type of endings to the stem. by doing so
we can obtain a verb, an adjective, a noun and likewise.
ex:-
ほし + い = ほしい(欲しい) =>い - Adjective
ほし + む = ほしむ(欲しむ) =>Verb
in English, conjugation generally effects only verb end (praise => praised) with
some irregularities (go => went). but in Japanese, conjugation should always ef
fect only verb end.
(3a) any consonant else r (k,s,ts,m,n,b ....) + " u (the only replaceable part bu
t not deletable).
ex:-
勝(か)つ = katsu = kats + u
学(まな)ぶ= manabu = manab + u
書(か)く = kaku = kak + u
(3b) " ru " but what precedes it is neither " e " nor " i ". u is still the on
ly replaceable part.
ex:- 降(ふ)る = furu = fu + ru
(3c) " iru " or " eru ". but still the only replaceable part is " u ".
ex:- here bold letters are the only replaceable part.
帰(かえ)る = kaeru
切(き)る = kiru