Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1/3 l roller
Basic Symbols (shapes)
l
Rectangles l piston
continued
1/4 l
cushion
1/2 l
min 1 l
certain control
1/2 l methods, length
between limits to
1/2 l suit
max 2 l
Basic Symbols
l
Semi-circle rotary actuator, motor
or pump with limited
angle of rotation
2l
Capsule l pressurised reservoir
air receiver, auxiliary
gas bottle
Arrow 1/3 l
Long sloping indicates
adjustability
Functional Elements
M
Prime mover M Electric motor
Flowlines and Connections
Flowlines
Junction Single
Temporary by probe
Rotary connection
three lines
Conditioners and Pressure
Producing Plant
Conditioners
Water separator with
manual drain
Lubricator
Conditioners
Dryer
Heater
Air receiver
Isolating valve
Adjustable Regulator
simplified
Adjustable Regulator with
pressure gauge simplified
Filter Regulator Lubricator
Note: the hardware is usually double acting cylinders applied as single acting
Double acting
Double acting adjustable
cushions
Double acting
through rod
Valve symbol structure
Valve symbol structure
The function of a valve is given by a pair of
numerals separated by a stroke, e.g. 3/2..
The first numeral indicates the number of main
ports. These are inlets, outlets and exhausts but
excludes signal ports and external pilot feeds.
The second numeral indicates the number of
states the valve can achieve.
Valve symbol structure
A 3/2 valve therefore has 3 ports (normally these
are inlet, outlet and exhaust) and 2 states (the
normal state and the operated state)
The boxes are two pictures of the same valve
operated normal
Valve symbol structure
A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of
the valve states joined end to end
operated normal
Valve symbol structure
A valve symbol shows the pictures for each of
the valve states joined end to end
operated normal
Valve symbol structure
The port connections are shown to only one of
the diagrams to indicate the prevailing state
normal
Valve symbol structure
The operator for a particular state is illustrated
against that state
Operated state
produced by
pushing a button
Valve symbol structure
The operator for a particular state is illustrated
against that state
1 l
1/2 l 1/4 l
1/4 l 1/2 l 1/2 l
1/2 l
1/4 l
Valve symbol structure
The boxes can be joined at either end but the
operator must be drawn against the state that it
produces. The boxes can also be flipped
A variety of symbol patterns are possible
normally normally
closed open
Valve symbol structure
The boxes can be joined at either end but the
operator must be drawn against the state that it
produces. The boxes can also be flipped
A variety of symbol patterns can be produced
Reverse connected
Valve functions
Valve functions
Basic valves before Examples, push button operated
operators are added with spring return
Normal position
Function 2/2
Function 3/2
Valve functions
Basic valves before Examples, push button operated
operators are added with spring return
Operated position
Function 2/2
Function 3/2
Valve functions
Basic valves before Examples, push button operated
operators are added with spring return
Normal position
Function 4/2
Function 5/2
Valve functions
Basic valves before Examples, push button operated
operators are added with spring return
Operated position
Function 4/2
Function 5/2
Valve functions 5/3
Three position valves have a normal central
position that is set by springs or with a manual
control such as a lever
The flow pattern in the centre position varies
with the type. Three types will be considered
1, All ports sealed
2, Outlets to exhaust, supply sealed
3, Supply to both outlets, exhausts sealed
Valves 5/3
All valves types shown in the normal position
Plunger Pressure
When no integral
Solenoid pilot or external pilot
with manual override supply is shown it
and integral pilot is assumed to be
supply integral
Port markings
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
2 2
12 10 12 10
1 3 1
2 4 4 2
14 12 14 12
1 3 1
5 3
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
2 2
12 10 12 10
1 3 1
2 4 4 2
14 12 14 12
1 3 1
5 3
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
2 2
12 10 12 10
1 3 1
2 4 4 2
14 12 14 12
1 3 1
5 3
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
2 2
12 10 12 10
1 3 1
2 4 4 2
14 12 14 12
1 3 1
5 3
Port Markings
To CETOP RP68P
2 2
12 10 12 10
1 3 1
2 4 4 2
14 12 14 12
1 3 1
5 3
Function components
Function components
Non-return valve
simplified
Silencer
Pressure to electric
switch preset
Pressure to electric
switch adjustable
Symbol Library
Actuators
Single acting cylinders
Sprung in Magnetic
sprung in
non-rotating
rod
Sprung out
Magnetic
sprung out
Magnetic non-rotating
sprung in rod
Magnetic
sprung out
Single acting cylinders
Sprung in
adjustable cushion
Sprung out
adjustable cushion
Magnetic sprung in
adjustable cushion
Sprung in
adjustable cushion
non-rotating rod
Sprung out
adjustable cushion
non-rotating rod
Magnetic sprung in
adjustable cushion
non-rotating rod
Bellows single
convolution
Bellows double
convolution
Bellows triple
convolution
Double acting cylinders
Non-magnetic Magnetic
hydraulic
Non-magnetic Magnetic
adjustable adjustable
cushioned cushioned
Non-magnetic Magnetic
rod bellows adjustable
cushioned
rod bellows
Magnetic
Double acting cylinders
Non- Magnetic
rotating rod non-
rotating rod
Active Magnetic
brake active brake
Passive Magnetic
brake passive
brake
Guided
rod
magnetic
Double acting cylinders
Non-magnetic through
rod
Non-magnetic adjustable
cushioned through rod
Magnetic
through rod
Magnetic adjustable
cushioned through rod
Double acting cylinders
Slide unit
Semi-rotary actuator
Cushioned Cushioned
passive magnetic
brake passive brake
Cushioned Cushioned
active brake magnetic
active brake
Rodless cylinders
Twin stroke Twin stroke
cushioned air through
carriage
Adjustable
End
Symbol Library
Lubro-control unit
Filter regulator
Pre-set relieving
Adjustable relieving
Pilot operated
2
Proportional pressure
valve 3 1
Lubricator
Lubricator
Pressure relief valves
Preset, no means of
connection to exhaust
Adjustable, no means of
connection to exhaust
Adjustable, tapped
exhaust port
Pilot operated
Other components
Silencer
Filter silencer
Water separator
automatic drain
End
Symbol Library
black Load 0V
Reed switch changeover blue
Load
0V
brown +V
brown +V
Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator blue 0V
blue 0V
Reed switch 3 wire with led indicator brown +V
Load
(emulating current sinking npn device) black +V
brown +V
Reed switch 2 wire with led indicator
blue 0V
Load
Sensors
Loads must be additionally suppressed
brown +V
Solid state magnetic sensor pnp (current blue 0V
pnp
sourcing) black Load 0V
1
brown +V
Solid state magnetic sensor plug in cable 3
blue 0V
pnp
pnp (current sourcing) 4 black Load 0V
blue 0V
Solid state magnetic sensor npn brown +V
npn
(current sinking) 1
black Load +V
blue 0V
Solid state magnetic sensor plug in 3
brown +V
npn
cable npn (current sinking) 4 black Load +V
brown +V
Solid state magnetic sensor with pulse blue 0V
extension black
Load 0V
Sensors
Loads must be additionally suppressed
1 brown +V
plug in cable
blue
Load 0V
Electrical Symbols
Electrical symbols
Direct current Line to earth
( DC )
AC or DC Cell
or
Positive and Battery 12 V
negative polarity
Electrical Components
Normally Normally Normally Normally
open closed open closed
Solenoid valve
coil
Electrical Components
Proximity switch Bell
24V
Supply and Loudspeaker
return 0V
Electronic Component Symbols
Electronic Components
Opto-isolator Resistors
Resistor
Windings Variable
inductor Potentiometer
inductor with core Pre-set pot
variable inductor Voltage V
transformer or dependent
Light dependent
Capacitors Diodes
capacitor diode
polarised zener diode
capacitor light emitting diode
variable capacitor
pre-set capacitor
Electronic Components
Thyristor Fuse
Photo-transistor
Electronic Components
Conductors Motors dc & ac M M
in a cable
Conductors Generator G
twisted
Meters for A V
amps, volts,
W
ohms & watts
End
Symbol Library
2
Pressure reducing
fitting 1
1
Pneumatic sensor
fitting 2
Function components
Air fuse
bi-directional flow
regulator
Exhaust flow
regulator with and
without silencer
Silencers
Uni-directional
flow regulator
Quick exhaust
valve with and
without silencer
Rotating joint
Pressure indicator
Pressure drop
indicator
Quick release couplings
made released
Both to exhaust
Source sealed
Both sealed
End
Symbol Library
Solenoid Valves
Solenoid valves
with man override
on the solenoid
2 12 2
12 10 10
Direct solenoid actuated
spring return 3/2 NC 3 1 3 1
2 12 2
12 10 10
Direct solenoid actuated
3 1 3 1
spring return 3/2 NO
Solenoid valves
with man override
on the solenoid
2 2
Pilot solenoid actuated 12 10 12 10
spring return 3/2 NC 3 1 3 1
2 2
Pilot solenoid actuated 12 10 12 10
spring return 3/2 NO 3 1 3 1
2 2
Pilot solenoid actuated 12 10 12 10
pilot solenoid return 3 1 3 1
Solenoid valves
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
spring return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
spring return and manual 5 1 3
override, 5/2
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
pilot solenoid return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
pilot solenoid return and 5 1 3
manual override, 5/2
Solenoid valves
Reverse piped
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
spring return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
spring return and manual 5 1 3
override, 5/2
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
and returned, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
14 12
Pilot solenoid actuated
and returned with manual 5 1 3
overrides, 5/2
Solenoid valves
14 4 2 12
Double pilot solenoid
actuated spring to centre
5 1 3
all ports sealed reverse
piped
2
Priority pilot solenoid 12 10
actuated differential air
3 1
return, 3/2
4 2
Priority pilot solenoid 14 12
actuated differential air
5 1 3
return, 5/2
Solenoid valves
2
Priority pilot solenoid 12 10
actuated differential air
3 1
return, 3/2
4 2
Priority pilot solenoid 14 12
actuated differential air
5 1 3
return, 5/2
2
Priority pilot solenoid 12 10
actuated air spring return,
3
3/2 1
4 2
Priority pilot solenoid 14 12
actuated air spring return,
5 1 3
5/2
Solenoid valves
4 2
Pilot solenoid actuated 14 12
actuated, manual 5 1 3
override, 5/2 with integral
flow regulators
Solenoid valves
14 4 2 12
Double pilot solenoid
actuated, spring to centre 5 1 3
all ports sealed, 5/3 with
integral flow regulators
14 4 2 12
Double pilot solenoid
actuated, spring to centre 5 1 3
supply port sealed, 5/3 with
integral flow regulators 14 12
4 2
Double pilot solenoid
actuated, spring to centre 5 1 3
supply to outlets, 5/3 with
integral flow regulators
Proportional solenoid valves
4 2
Proportional flow to
electrical signal
5 1 3
2
Proportional pressure to
electrical signal
3 1
Safety related valves
12 2 10
2
Soft start valve 12
10
3 1
End
Symbol Library
Valves
Valves un-tapped exhaust
Plunger actuated spring 2
12 10
return 3/2
3 1
2
Roller actuated spring 12 10
return 3/2
3 1
2
Push button actuated 12 10
spring return 3/2
3 1
2
Toggle actuated 12 10
detented 3/2
3 1
2
Rotary knob actuated 12 10
detented 3/2
2 3 1
12 10
Key actuated
detented 3/2 3 1
Valves integral bleed supply
Plunger / bleed actuated 2
12 10
air return 3/2
3
2 1
Roller / bleed actuated air 12 10
return 3/2
3
1 2
One way trip / bleed 12 10
actuated air return 3/2
3
2 1
Low pressure / bleed 12 10
actuated air return 3/2
3
1 2
Antenna / bleed actuated 12 10
air return 3/2
3
1
Valves external bleed supply
Plunger / bleed actuated 2
12 10
air return 3/2
3
2
Roller / bleed actuated air 12 10
1
return 3/2
3
2
One way trip / bleed 1 12 10
actuated air return 3/2
3
2
Low pressure / bleed 12 10
1
2 2
Pilot actuated spring 12 10 12 10
return 3/2
3 1 3 1
2 2
Double pilot actuated 3/2 12 10 12 10
3 1 3 1
2 2
Differential pilot actuated 12 10 12 10
3/2
3 1 3 1
Pilot actuated valves
NC NO
12 2 12 2
Pressure or vacuum 10 10
actuated spring return
3 1 3 1
2/2 (diaphragm valve)
2 2
Low pressure pilot 12 10 12 10
actuated spring
3 1 3 1
return 3/2
2 2
Low pressure pilot 12 10 12 10
actuated pilot
3 1 3 1
return, 3/2
2 2
Low pressure pilot 12 10 12 10
actuated and
3 1 3 1
returned, 3/2
Pilot actuated valves
12 2 2
Remote pressure 10 12 10
bleed actuated spring
1 3 1
return, NC, 3/2
12 2 2
Remote pressure 10 12 10
bleed actuated spring
1 3 1
return, NO, 3/2
12 2 4 2
Remote pressure 10 14 12
bleed actuated spring
1 5 1 3
return, 5/2
Pilot actuated valves
2 4
Pilot actuated spring 14 12
return, 4/2
1 3
4 2
Pilot actuated spring 14 12
return, 5/2
5 1 3
4 2
Double pilot actuated 5/2 14 12
5 1 3
4 2
Differential pilot actuated 14 12
5/2
5 1 3
Pilot actuated valves
14 4 2
12
Pressure or vacuum
actuated spring return, 5 1 3
5/2 (diaphragm valve) 4 2
14 12
Low pressure pilot
actuated spring 5 1 3
return, 5/2 4 2
14 12
Low pressure pilot
actuated pilot 5 1 3
return, 5/2 4 2
14 12
Low pressure pilot
actuated and 5 1 3
returned, 5/2
Pilot actuated valves
4 2
Double pilot actuated
spring to centre all ports 5 1 3
sealed
4 2
Double pilot actuated
spring to centre supply 5 1 3
port sealed
4 2
Double pilot actuated
spring to centre supply to 5 1 3
outlets
Mechanically actuated valves
NC NO
2 2
12 10 12 10
Plunger actuated spring
return 3/2 3 1 3 1
2 2
12 10 12 10
Plunger actuated air reset
3/2 3 1 3 1
Mechanically actuated valves
2 4
Plunger actuated spring 14 12
return, 4/2 1 3
4 2
14 12
Plunger actuated spring
return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
Plunger actuated air reset 14 12
5/2 5 1 3
Mechanically actuated valves
NC NO
2 2
12 10 12 10
Roller actuated spring
return 3/2 3 1 3 1
2 2
12 10 12 10
Roller actuated air reset
3/2 3 1 3 1
Mechanically actuated valves
2 4
Roller actuated spring 14 12
return, 4/2 1 3
4 2
14 12
Roller actuated spring
return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
Roller actuated air reset 14 12
5/2 5 1 3
Mechanically actuated valves
NC NO
2 12 2
One way trip actuated 12 10 10
spring return 2/2 1 1
2 2
12 10 12 10
One way trip actuated
spring return 3/2 3 1 3 1
2 2
12 10 12 10
One way trip actuated air
reset 3/2 3 1 3 1
Mechanically actuated valves
2 4
One way trip actuated 14 12
spring return, 4/2 1 3
4 2
14 12
One way trip actuated
spring return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
One way trip actuated air 14 12
reset 5/2 5 1 3
Manually actuated valves
NC NO
2 12 2
Push button actuated 12 10 10
spring return 2/2 1 1
2 2
12 10 12 10
Push button actuated
spring return 3/2 3 1 3 1
2 2
12 10 12 10
Push button actuated air
reset 3/2 3 1 3 1
Manually actuated valves
2 4
Push button actuated 14 12
4 2
14 12
Push button actuated
spring return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
Push button actuated air 14 12
reset 5/2 5 1 3
Manually actuated valves
NC NO
2 2
Lever actuated spring 10 10
12 12
return 2/2 1 1
2 2
Lever actuated spring 10 10
12 12
return 3/2 3 1 3 1
2 2
10 10
Lever actuated air reset 12 12
3/2 3 1 3 1
Manually actuated valves
2 4
Lever actuated spring 12
14
return, 4/2 1 3
4 2
12
Lever actuated spring
14
return, 5/2 5 1 3
4 2
Lever actuated air reset 12
14
5/2 5 1 3
Manually actuated valves
2 4
Lever actuated lever 12
14
return, variable throttling,
1 3
4/2
2 4
Lever actuated lever 12
14
return, variable throttling, 1 3
detented, 4/2
2 4
Rotary knob actuated and 14 12
returned, variable
1 3
throttling, 4/2
Manually actuated valves
14 4 2 12
Lever actuated spring to
centre all ports sealed 5 1 3
14 4 2 12
Lever actuated spring to
centre supply port sealed 5 1 3
14 4 2 12
Lever actuated spring to
centre supply to outlets 5 1 3
Manually actuated valves
14 4 2
Lever actuated, detented,
12
all ports sealed centre 5 1 3
14 4 2
Lever actuated, detented,
12
supply port sealed centre 5 1 3
14 4 2
Lever actuated, detented,
12
supply to outlets centre 5 1 3
Manually actuated valves
NC NO
12 2 12 2
Pedal actuated spring
10 10
return 3/2 3 1 3 1
12 2 12 2
10 10
Treadle actuated detented
3/2 3 1 3 1
Manually actuated valves
14 2 4
Pedal actuated spring 12
return, 4/2 1 3
14 4 2
Pedal actuated spring 12
return, 5/2 5 1 3
14 4 2
Treadle actuated detented 12
5/2 5 1 3
Manually actuated valves
14 4 2 12
Treadle actuated spring
to centre all ports sealed 5 1 3
14 4 2 12
Treadle actuated spring
to centre supply port 5 1 3
sealed
Manually actuated valves
14 4 2
Treadle actuated,
12
detented, all ports sealed 5 1 3
centre
14 4 2
Treadle actuated,
12
detented, supply port 5 1 3
sealed centre
Manually actuated valves
2
Push button actuated 12 10
rotary manual return 3/2
3 1
2
Push button actuated key 12 10
return 3/2
3 1
2
Push actuated pull 12 10
returned 3/2
3 1
2
Push actuated pull or air 12 10
returned 3/2
3 1
Safety related valves
12 2 10
2
12 10
Emergency stop valve
3 1
2
12
Soft start valve
10
3 1
Special purpose valves
Impulse generator
3 1
End
Symbol Library
Vacuum Equipment
Vacuum equipment
Vacuum generator
Vacuum cups
NC NO
2 2
Vacuum switch
pneumatic 3 1 3 1
Vacuum equipment
Vacuum filter
Vacuum silencer
Vacuum gauge
End
End