2009 ASM Displays GL Webinar v014

An Introduction to the ASM Guidelines
Effective Operator Display Design

2009 ASM Webinar
Communications Program
Dal Vernon Reising
ASM Peter Bullemer

Human Centered Solutions
Helping People Perform
www.applyHCS.com
This document and the information contained herein are confidential to the ASM Consortium and the property of Honeywell International, and are
made available only to ASM Consortium member company employees. This document, and any copy thereof, and the information contained
herein shall be maintained in strictest confidence; shall not be disclosed or distributed (a) to persons who are not ASM Consortium employees, or
(b) to ASM Consortium employees for whom such information is not necessary in connection with their assigned responsibilities. When the
employee in possession of this document terminates employment with the ASM member company, this document and any copies thereof shall
be returned to the employee’s manager. There shall be no exceptions to the terms and conditions set forth herein except as authorized in writing
by the responsible ASM Program Manager in accordance with the provisions of the ASM Consortium Agreement.
Page 1 ASM Consortium Proprietary ASM-HCS Interaction Reqts Webinar.ppt

ASM Webinar Presenters
• Dr. Dal Vernon Reising

– Senior partner, HCS, human factors consulting group
– Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering
– Participation in ASM program since 1999, including role
as Principal Investigator
• Dr. Peter Bullemer

– Senior partner, HCS, human factors consulting group
– Ph.D. in Cognitive Science
– Participation in ASM program since 1993, including roles
as Director and Principle Investigator
Please mute your phone when not speaking to the webinar. (Mute button or *6* to mute and *6* to un-mute)
Page 2 ASM Consortium Proprietary Helping People Perform
ASM and Abnormal Situation Management are U.S. registered trademarks of Honeywell International, Inc. www.applyHCS.com
ASM Poll Slide 1 (Placeholder)
• How would you characterize your current employer in
the industry?
– Operating company site
– Operating company corporate
– Consultant
– Engineering firm
– DCS vendor company
– Advanced applications / tools vendor company
– Other
• What is your experience level with the ASM®
“Effective Operator Display Design” guidelines
document?
– Only heard about it, but don’t know much about it
– Have not read it, but have seen “ASM display” examples
before
– Skimmed through the document
– Read it from cover to cover
– Used the document in the context of my work
Abnormal Situation Management®
ASM A Joint Research and Development Consortium
Founded in 1994
Creating a new paradigm

for the operation of
complex industrial plants,
with solution concepts
that improve Operations’
ability to prevent and
respond to abnormal
situations.
www.asmconsortium.org
® Abnormal Situation Management and ASM are US registered trademarks of Honeywell Inc.
ASM What is an Abnormal Situation?
An industrial process is being disturbed and the

automated control system can not cope...
Consequently, the operations team must
intervene to supplement the control system.
Impacts profitability in multiple ways:
Loss of Life
Product Quality
Equipment Damage
Job Satisfaction Personal Injury

Product Thruput
ASM Making the Business Case
Unexpected Events Cost 3-8% of Capacity
300
250
3.2%
5.8%
~ $10 Billion annually in lost production !
5.8%
200
150
Source: ASM Consortium Research

100
50
0
112
115
118
121
124
127
130
133
136
139
142
145
148
151
154
157
160
163
166
169
172
174
177
180
183
Production rate
1503
300
22 σσ 11 σσ
250
$24.2M
200
150
100
24.2M
50
0
457
463
468
474
480
486
492
497
503
509
515
520
526
532
538
543
549
555
561
567
572
578
584
590
595
Total Feed
Feed R a te
18
16
14
12
38.5M $38.5 M
Plant Operating Target
10
8
6
4
2
0
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
Total Feed
20
15
10
33.5M
$33.5 M
5
0
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
Rate
Operational Constraints
Summarized Production Data
Days per Year
Plant Incidents Optimization efforts
Plant Capacity Limit
< 60% 95% 100%

Daily Production Level
ASM Webinar Overview
• This webinar aims to

– Present a case study on the
value of “ASM graphics”
– Introduce people to the contents
of Effective Operator Display
Design guidelines document
– Discuss some common pitfalls in
using guidelines
– Suggest how the document
might be used
ASM Purpose and Scope
• Communicate the ASM® Consortium

recommendations for the effective design and use of
operator graphics and field device displays
• Enable assessment of the quality of a company’s
operator displays and console configuration from the
perspective of their potential impact on abnormal
situation management
• While this document does describe “what to do,” it is not intended to

be a “how to guide” to the design of the plant policy or work
processes
• Examples are provided in the Guideline book to help explain the
guidelines, but the examples might NOT provide the best
implementation for your site
ASM Guideline Development
• Operator interface design has been an important focus of the ASM
Consortium since its origin in 1994
• During the NIST-funded Phase of the Consortium (1996-1998)
– Conducted site practice assessments, identifying best practices including those
for operator graphics and display design
– Prototyped an advanced information system (AEGIS) that applied pacesetter
concepts to operator graphics
• Drafted initial guidelines document in 2000, based on site practices
• Conducted an Operator Graphics Workshop in Fall 2000 to identify
additional practices and solicit feedback on guidelines
• Published document for ASM member use in 2000
– Project Team—Honeywell Labs, Consortium User Members &
workshop attendees
– Critical Review Team—ASMC User Members
• Major refinements to the document in 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009
ASM Trend Window
Some Initial ASM Concepts
Status Window
W aste Heat
Trend Window
175# Atmosphere
Steam
Feed Preheat Fractionator
Riser/Regenerator
-35
Documentation Task Window - 45

Goals/Plans/Actions Window
-15
-35
•malfunction •plan 1 status
-35
Specifications on +102
•plan 2 status
•goals
Things
•alarms •plant3 status
Combustion Air
•This is a •message •plan 4 status
• string of text •plan 5 status
•Describing s -10
•stuff
Feed Preheat
Combustion
Riser/Regen
Air FractionaWaste
tor Heat Ov erheadH Naphtha LCO HCO Feed Preheat
Combustion
Riser/Regen
Air Fractionator
Waste H eat OverheadH Naphtha LCO HCO
X
Auto Filter Emergen cy ACK
Status
Notifications Window Time/Date Ag e Type Evidence
10 :14:3 4 12/15/96
00:00Trip
Re sp onse
Source
Operations Window Operations Window Diagnostic Window
10 :14:3 4 12/15/96
00:00R equest
10 :14 :34 1 2/1

00:15
5/9PVDEVHI
6
ReceiverC ompressor
Evidence Reflux Receiver
Ev idence Compressor
Reflux
Tre nd Adviso ry Log History Active U IN UIN Libra ry ChronicAlarms
9:44:34 12/15/96 Na me Author
Ralph15Ralph FIDev
Overh ead R eceiver Pressur e PC204 JoeTimeJoe F R emind
14 100 Anna 5Anna Timer
Ralph6Ralph FIDev Control N ote Log Specs Configure Control Note Log Specs C onfigure
Ralph4Ralph R emind
80 Ralph2Ralph TIChng
13 Anna 1Anna TIChng
60
PV SP OP
12 30 Minu te 40
In terven e In ve stiga te Watch... Deactivate New >> Edi t>>
20
11
00
Objective Key Solution Concepts & Innovations

• Define ASM-based user interface • Single, Integrated View of Multi-Level Hierarchy
concepts and features that improve • Mixed Initiative Approach
usability and effectiveness of the
human-machine interactions in the • Effective Window Management and Layout
process control operations • Effective Navigation Scheme
environment • Visual Coding Scheme
• Interaction Objects
• Contextual Menus & Information presentation
• Task View Organization
The Instantiation of the initial ASM
ASM Operator Interface Concept
For Proactive Monitoring:
• Simultaneous, integrated view of
increasing plant detail
• Integrated Trending
• Integrated alarm management into
graphics and navigation tabs
For Fast Response:
• Multi-windowing with controlled
window management
• “Yoked” navigation between display
levels
• Tabbed navigation within a display
level
• Graphics design
– e.g., Color-coding only for critical information – like alarms, No 3D graphical
objects, etc.
• Right-mouse click access to online documentation
– e.g., Alarm Objective Analysis documents, procedures, etc.
ASM-style Operator Interface
ASM Case Study
vs.
Traditional Console Simulator ASM-Style Console
ASM-style Console Simulator
Simulator
U U G U G G PC PC
G U G U G G G G
ASM Case Study Results
Pre-Test Results
Group Comparison Metrics
• No average differences between

the two groups of operators for:
– Years of experience as an
operator
– Years of experience as an
operator at this company
– Years of experience as a
console operator
– # of process areas qualified
in
ASM Style
Case Study Results
ASM Scenario Evaluation Results
Operator performance measure: Total Completion Time

• The operators using the ASM-
style interface took
significantly less time to deal
with the event and as a group,
were more consistent in
doing so!
– An average of 10.6 minutes
vs. 18.1 minutes for those
using the traditional console
– A 41% improvement
Traditional ASM--Style
ASM
Case Study Results
ASM Scenario Evaluation Results
Operator performance measures:
• Detecting the event BEFORE Interface Type
the first alarm Scenario
Traditional Human-centered
ASM-style
– On average, operators using 1 0% 27%
the ASM-style interface 2 10% 82%
detected an event before the 3 10% 82%
alarm 48% of the time 4 20% 0%
Mean 10.0% 47.7%
– A 38% improvement
• Successful completion of the

Interface Type
scenario Scenario
Traditional Human-centered
ASM-style
– On average, operators using 1 60% 100%
the ASM-style interface 2 70% 100%
successfully dealt with the 3 80% 91%
situation 96% of the time 4 70% 91%
– A 26% improvement Mean 70.0% 95.5%
ASM Economic Impact Estimation
• The estimated total economic savings for the unit with the
traditional console (a 1.8 Blb/year ethylene plant), were it to adopt the
ASM-style interface was
– On average, $1,090K CAD/year (~$870K USD/year, circa 2005)
– The median (considered most likely) was $1,000K CAD/year
(~$800K USD/year, circa 2005)
ASM ASM Supervisory Control Model
• Based on traditional Human Information Processing model

• Includes Psychological stages of Situation Awareness
Process Operator Mental & Physical Activities

State
Orienting Evaluating Acting

Inputs from Process (1) Sensing, (2) Analysis,
Physical and/or Outputs to Process
(sensors, analyzers, radios, Perception, Interpretation,
Verbal (SP, OP%, Manual
video, instructions, sounds & and/or and/or
Response adjustments)
smells) Discrimination (3) Projection
Situation Awareness (1
(1-3)
-3)
Internal Feedback
Assessing
External Feedback
Managing Abnormal Situations
ASM Some Influences on Intervention Success
Orienting
• Information Evaluating
overload
• Inconsistent
Acting
• Missing information information
• Inappropriate level
• Inadequate Assessing
• Inaccurate communications
of detail information • Lack “big picture”
• Deficient / complex view
• Vigilance decrement • Conflicting priorities procedures
• Inaccurate
• Difficult navigation • Lack of knowledge • Fail to follow information
• Distracting procedures
• Inappropriate detail • Inadequate
environment • Inappropriate actions
• Poor information information
accessibility • Lack of experience • Erroneous
• Inadequate feedback conclusions
Effective Operator Display Design
ASM Document Overview
• Sixteen Guideline Categories
– Display Types, Display Content, Display Style,
Display Layout
– Color, Symbols and Process Connections, Text
and Numbers
– Navigation, Interaction and Displays
– Alarm Configuration Scheme, Audible
Annunciation for Alarms, Visual Annunciation
for Alarms
– Training Program, Online Guidance, Design
Methodology, Management of Change
• 81 guidelines in total across these 16
categories
• Guidelines are prioritized
– Priority “1” – rated as one of the minimum set of
guidelines for achieving an ASM good quality practice.
– Priority “2” – one of the comprehensive set of
guidelines for achieving an ASM high quality practice.
– Priority “3” – one of the advanced set of guidelines for
achieving an ASM best practice
ASM Guideline Structure – p. 1
6.1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently Priority 1
across display hierarchy levels.
Why? Consistent, distinguishable color codes allow operators to learn the codes and the
meaning behind them.
The number of colors used to code categories of objects should be kept to seven or
How it Works less, and be consistently applied. Seven corresponds to the number of items that
can generally be kept in short term memory (Wickens and Hollands, 1999). The
seven color codes do not limit the coding of other information separate from the
category information. For example, an unacknowledged, high alarm could be a
brighter, more saturated yellow, which is distinct from an acknowledged high alarm
that would be a paler, less saturated yellow. These two ‘states’ of high alarms are
distinct from red color-coded emergency alarms, which are either more or less
saturated depending on their state of acknowledgement.
In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not recommended in

normal display view because it can draw the operator’s attention away from more
critical information. If one insists on showing lines colored based on material they
contain, then colors should be implemented such that they can be toggled on and off
(or show this representation in a view generated by the IT system supporting the
plant).
6.1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently across Priority 1
display hierarchy levels.
Why? Consistent, distinguishable color codes allow operators to learn the

codes and the meaning behind them.
The number of colors used to code categories of objects should be kept to seven or
How it Works less, and be consistently applied. Seven corresponds to the number of items that
can generally be kept in short term memory (Wickens and Hollands, 1999). The
seven color codes do not limit the coding of other information separate from the
category information. For example, an unacknowledged, high alarm could be a
brighter, more saturated yellow, which is distinct from an acknowledged high alarm
that would be a paler, less saturated yellow. These two ‘states’ of high alarms are
distinct from red color-coded emergency alarms, which are either more or less
saturated depending on their state of acknowledgement.
In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not recommended in

normal display view because it can draw the operator’s attention away from more
critical information. If one insists on showing lines colored based on material they
contain, then colors should be implemented such that they can be toggled on and off
(or show this representation in a view generated by the IT system supporting the
plant).
6.1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently across Priority 1
display hierarchy levels.
Why? Consistent, distinguishable color codes allow operators to learn the codes and the
meaning behind them.
The number of colors used to code categories of objects should be kept to

How it Works seven or less, and be consistently applied. Seven corresponds to the number
of items that can generally be kept in short term memory (Wickens and
Hollands, 1999). The seven color codes do not limit the coding of other
information separate from the category information. For example, an
unacknowledged, high alarm could be a brighter, more saturated yellow,
which is distinct from an acknowledged high alarm that would be a paler, less
saturated yellow. These two ‘states’ of high alarms are distinct from red color-
coded emergency alarms, which are either more or less saturated depending
on their state of acknowledgement.
In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not

recommended in normal display view because it can draw the operator’s
attention away from more critical information. If one insists on showing lines
colored based on material they contain, then colors should be implemented
such that they can be toggled on and off (or show this representation in a view
generated by the IT system supporting the plant).
Example The example shows a very simple but effective color scheme. Gray and half-tones
are used for piping and equipment. Three priorities for alarm – low, high, and
emergency priority – are shown in half-saturated light blue (acknowledge), saturated
orange-yellow (unacknowledged), and saturated red (unacknowledged), respectively.
This clear color scheme can be used consistently and will be easily remembered. In
addition, off-normal operating conditions are also highlighted with a non-alarm color.
Main Fractionator Overhead
Flare
bpd
mscfh 123.4
VRU
123.4
F
123.4
psi C205
123.4 E Amp
psi 123.4
Fuel Gas T203
% 123.4
D200
E210
F 123.4 H
%
123.4
123.4
%
F
E209 123.4 E
123.4
CWR CWS
F
Slop
123.4
T200
psi Sour H2O
123.4
F bpd bpd
123.4 123.4 M 123.4
Naphtha
Figure 6.1. Color codes in this example include: Light blue for low-priority alarms, orange-
yellow for high-priority alarms, red for emergency-priority alarms (and pale red for
acknowledged emergency-priority alarms, magenta for off-normal operating conditions.
ASM Guideline Content Review
• Next few slides show:

– Guideline statement for each of the sixteen categories
– Indications where significant pitfalls occur
• Presenter will speak to

– Intent of category
– Key aspects of significant pitfalls
• Expect audience to
– Read guideline statements
– Ask clarification questions
– Save detailed questions and comments for later discussion
ASM Guideline Category One
Display Types - Support the range of operator tasks and interactions through various
display types
# Priority Guideline
1.1 1 Use a process overview display for operator span of control.

1.2 2 Use a standard display hierarchy to represent the multi-level views necessary
for monitoring and control.
1.3 2 Use multi-level views based on the process equipment hierarchy for
monitoring and control.
1.4 2 Use multi-level views based on important functional relations for monitoring
and control.
1.5 2 Use dedicated displays to support response to critical upset conditions.
1.6 2 Ensure that each console has at least the minimum number of screens to
effectively support different operating modes, such as startup, shutdown,
grade transition, and significant upset.
1.7 3 Use dedicated displays to support routine activities, such as mode or product
transitions.
ASM Use of Overview Display
Not Recommended Recommended
“Area 1 “Area 2 “Area 3 “Area 4

Overview” Overview” Overview” Overview”
! ! ! !
“Area 1 – “Area 2 – “Area 3 – “Area 4 –

Detail 1” Detail 1” Detail 1” Detail 1”
! ! ! !
“Area 1 – “Area 2 – “Area 3 – “Area 4 –

Detail 2” Detail 2” Detail 2” Detail 3”
! ! !
“Area 1 – “Area 3 –
Detail 3” Detail 3”
! !
ASM Guideline Category Two
Display Content - Support all operator monitoring, troubleshooting and control activities
with all essential information
2.1 1 Ensure that display content supports all operator activities.
2.2 1 Ensure that the display refresh rate is appropriate to the dynamics of the
system being monitored and is at least twice the dominant process time
constant but not more than ½ second.
2.3 1 Use trend displays when operators must make decisions about the
performance of a variable or variables over time.
2.4 2 Ensure that trend displays provide the operator with the flexibility to change
the display features.
2.5 2 Ensure that the number of displays is at a minimum and appropriate for
operator tasks.
2.6 2 Ensure that interlock and permissive status with supporting information is
available as required.
2.7 3 Use context sensitive techniques to access information that is conditionally
relevant.
ASM Use of Trends
Pre-configured On- Pre-configured Trend
Demand Trends Overview Displays
Level 1 Overview Notifications Trends Display Trends Display

Display Window Display Window Windows Windows
Trends Trends
Operating Displays Operating Displays

Level 2 Display Level 3 Display Level 2 Display Level 3 Display
Window Window Window Window
Trend Faceplate Level 4 Trends Trend Faceplate Level 4 Trends
Dynamic User-selected On-

Faceplate Trend Demand Trends
ASM Guideline Category Three
Display Style - Ensure that displays are not overly complex or cluttered due to the
inappropriate use of full intensity colors and graphical details
3.1 1 Ensure that the overall style incorporates an effective use of half-intensity
colors to allow equipment and flow lines to appear as part of the display
background.
3.2 1 Ensure that the overall style uses animation effectively, where appropriate, to
communicate process-critical or safety-related activity.
3.3 1 Depict equipment without excessive detail to facilitate quick identification.
3.4 2 Minimize the complexity of equipment and control relationships, presenting

them in a single view.
3.5 2 Make detailed information, such as tag names, available if needed.
3.6 2 Ensure that the overall style depicts 3D objects effectively.
ASM Use of Half-Intensity Color
Recommended Not Recommended

Main Fractionator Overhead Main Fractionator Overhead
Flare Flare
bpd bpd
123.4 123.4
mscfh mscfh
VRU VRU
123.4 123.4
F F
123.4 123.4
psi C205 psi C205
123.4 Amp 123.4 Amp
psi 123.4 psi 123.4
Fuel Gas T203 Fuel Gas T203
% 123.4 % 123.4
D200 D200
E210 123.4 E210 123.4
F F
% %
123.4 123.4
123.4 123.4
% %
F F
E209 123.4 E209 123.4
123.4 123.4
CWR CWS CWR CWS
F F
Slop Slop
123.4 123.4
T200 T200
psi Sour H2O psi Sour H2O
123.4 123.4
F bpd bpd F bpd bpd

123.4 123.4 123.4 123.4 123.4 123.4
Naphtha Naphtha
ASM Use of 3-D technique
• 3-D brings objects to foreground
Recommended Not Recommended
Not Recommended
ASM Guideline Category Four
Display Layout – Use a consistent arrangement of objects and information across similar
displays that is appropriate to process behaviors
4.1 1 Develop consistent display layouts that are appropriate to process behaviors.
4.2 1 Ensure that the direction of flow is consistent to improve readability of the
displays.
4.3 2 Ensure that the display layout emphasizes important information.
4.4 2 Distinguish similar processes in parallel trains with visual coding.
4.5 2 Ensure that layouts capitalize on maximizing operator retention of information
in short-term memory.
ASM Guideline Category Five
Navigation - Facilitate quick, direct access to primary displays and minimal keystrokes to
secondary and associated displays
5.1 1 Ensure that the navigation scheme is fairly simple and flat.
5.2 1 Ensure good organization to allow for direct access to primary displays and
intuitive access to non-primary displays.
5.3 1 Ensure that navigation to primary displays is possible without the use of a
display menu directory.
5.4 1 Ensure the soft-key configuration follows a systematic, conceptual
organization for position layout and grouping if soft keys are used for calling
up displays.
5.5 1 Ensure that the display call-up time averages 1 second and does not exceed 3
seconds in supporting navigation to operating displays (for real-time
monitoring and control).
5.6 3 Use yoking to automate navigation to corresponding objects or information

across simultaneous views in multi-level displays.
ASM Effective Navigation Schemes
Deep Navigation Scheme Shallow Navigation Scheme
with 4 Display Levels with 4 Display Levels
Level 1 Display
4
3
Level 2 Display
5 2
2
Level 3 Display
3
1 6
1
A B Level 4 Display A B
Not Recommended Recommended
This navigation scheme is a strict All level 2 displays accessible
drill-down and –up scheme from the from any location; level 3 and 4
current display; requires 6 mouse displays context dependent on
clicks to get from a to b. location; per tab navigation
scheme
Blue lines indicate number of mouse clicks to navigate to display levels
ASM Guideline Category Six
Color – Use color to facilitate the discrimination of the most important information and
conveys the information consistently throughout the control room work environment
6.1 1 Use a minimum of color codes consistently across display hierarchy levels.
6.2 1 Use red and yellow for alarms only.
6.3 1 Ensure that color combinations provide acceptable and sufficient contrast.
6.4 1 Avoid color combinations that are confusing for colorblind perception.
6.5 1 Use brightness coding sparingly for salience coding.
6.6 2 Use a display background color that maximizes the overall readability without
causing unnecessary eyestrain or fatigue over time.
6.7 2 Ensure that color is a redundant, visual coding of information.
6.8 2 Ensure that color codes avoid conflicts with cultural stereotypes and industry
standards.
ASM Use of Minimum Color Codes
Flare
bpd
123.4
mscfh
VRU
123.4
F
123.4
psi C205
123.4 E Amp
psi 123.4
Fuel Gas T203
% 123.4
D200
E210
F 123.4 H
%
123.4
123.4
%
F
E209 123.4 E
123.4
CWR CWS
F
Slop
123.4
T200
psi Sour H 2O
123.4
F bpd bpd
123.4 123.4 M 123.4
Naphtha
ASM Effective Color Combinations
Text Text Text Text

Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text
Possible Possible Label and/or

Background Color Main Flow Color
Possible Possible Color for Dynamic
Vessel Color Equipment Information
(e.g., Motor Run, Valve
Open, Level Indicator Fill)
ASM Effective Background Colors
Not Recommended
(1)
• Drive towards appropriate
ambient light levels to
support
Not Recommended
– Support circadian rhythms (2)
– Support visual Acuity for
non-display tasks
– Reduce eye strain
Recommended
– Align with ISO standards for
(3)
ambient light levels
• Interacting issues
– Luminous Contrast – (1) vs. Not
(2) vs. (3) Recommended Recommended
(4)
– Visual acuity as a function of
background color (4) A A
ASM Guideline Category Seven
Symbols and Process Connections - Symbols and process connections are depicted in
a meaningful and consistent manner
7.1 1 Use symbol and line coding that is easily understood with appropriate
salience.
7.2 2 Use a consistently coded, minimal number of line types.
7.3 2 Use a minimalist approach when using lines to show controller and output
relations.
7.4 2 Use symbols that are consistent with industry standards and site conventions.
ASM Guideline Category Eight
Text and Numbers - Information presented with text and numbers should be legible and
easily understood from the operator's typical position
8.1 1 Use text and numbers that are legible for the user’s typical position.
8.2 1 Use coding and abbreviations that are consistent and understandable to
users.
8.3 1 Ensure that users easily understand messages.
8.4 2 Use mixed-case lettering for text messages.
8.5 2 Use consistent numeric formats to enable quick reading.
8.6 2 Use numbers that have the appropriate level of precision.
ASM Effective Text/Object Size
Recommended Text/Object Sizes for Console Workstation
Coker Furnaces
Mode Naphtha Frac Btm Steam Fuel Gas Skin Temp Outlet Temp O2 CO NOx
P1
Perceived Size of Same Display on Off-

Running
Console Display at 12 ft. from console
P2
P3
Running
P4
P5
Decoke
P6
ASM Effective Text/Object Size
• 12 point font has ~24° visual angle at 3ft
• 42 point font has same visual angle at 10 ft
24 °
3’
10’
ASM Guideline Category Nine
Interactions with Displays - Input mechanisms are accessible with minimal keystrokes
and with appropriate error avoidance techniques
9.1 1 Use error avoidance techniques to prevent order of magnitude data entry
errors on control actions.
9.2 1 Ensure that accurate, timely feedback is given for data entry and control
actions.
9.3 1 Ensure that modal dialog boxes are not used.
9.4 1 Ensure that field devices incorporate password protection.
9.5 1 Minimize the amount of typing that is required with field devices.
9.6 2 Use input dialogs that are simple, consistent, and reliable.
9.7 2 Ensure that the size and distance between selectable display objects is
appropriate to the precision enabled by the pointing device.
9.8 3 Ensure that an auditory indication is given when an invalid entry is detected
when error avoidance techniques are applied.
ASM Guideline Category Ten
Alarm Configuration Scheme - Make appropriate use of a priority scheme through
rationalization with criticality of the plant condition and urgency of the operator response
10.1 1 Ensure that displays are available to view disabled and inhibited alarms.
10.2 2 Use a formal process to define and maintain alarm configuration.
10.3 2 Use appropriate integration of DCS and hard-wired panel alarms.

10.4 2 Provide information on alarm configuration settings that deviate from the
designed values.
10.5 3 Provide access to alarm rationalization information.
ASM Guideline Category Eleven
Audible Annunciation of Alarms - The audible annunciation of alarms effectively orients
operators within their workspace without unnecessarily disturbing them or distracting
others working near them
11.1 1 Ensure alarms have the appropriate intensity to be audible.
11.2 2 Have a priority-based, audible bypass for upset conditions.
11.3 2 Have distinctive tones for priority with effective console isolation.
11.4 3 Use modulating pitch and intensity to indicate duration/recurrence.
11.5 3 Use a vibrate mechanism to indicate an alarm for field environments or for
process control operators who carry mobile or paging systems.
ASM Guideline Category Twelve
Visual Annunciation of Alarms - The visual annunciation of alarms effectively orients
users to the nature, status and location of abnormal process conditions
12.1 1 Ensure that critical information, such as the alarm summary process overview,
is within a 30 degree maximum angle on the horizontal plane.
12.2 1 Use redundant indication of critical alarms in control/monitor displays.
ASM Console View Angles
• Dimensions influencing effective viewing
a. Eye height of viewer
» Sitting and standing height B
» 95th percentile male & 5th percentile
female
b. Distance from viewer d
» also determines appropriate 10°
display object and text size
c. Height of screen c
» Ceiling height is a limiting factor -15°
d. View angle over console screens a
» >10° outside primary and
secondary view angles requires -50°
head movement
» Exceeds viewing angle for critical b
information, i.e., will not draw
attention
ASM Guideline Category Thirteen
Training Program - Users of the console information system and devices receive
adequate training appropriate to their required use to perform job-related activities
13.1 1 Ensure that all console- and field-certified users receive training or change
notices on their respective operating display modifications/additions.
13.2 2 Ensure that all users of information display systems (console or mobile
devices) receive initial and refresher training and qualification testing
appropriate to their job activities.
13.3 3 Ensure that simulation-based training is provided for task-specific learning:
upset management, startup, and shutdown.
ASM Guideline Category Fourteen
Online Guidance - Users are able to easily access information about console usage to
learn or remember infrequently used functions
14.1 1 Ensure that on-line user guidance is provided for task-specific applications.
14.2 3 Ensure that on-line user guidance is provided for infrequently used
functionality.
ASM Guideline Category Fifteen
Design Methodology - The system developers follow a formal, user-centered design
methodology that includes user participation and assessment of information requirements
of important user activities
15.1 1 Ensure that there is user involvement in development activities.
15.2 1 Use task analysis to determine functional organization and content.
15.3 1 Use design specifications for consistent implementation.

15.4 2 Use human factors and Best Practice design guidelines.
15.5 3 Ensure there is site-wide collaboration in development and maintenance of
information systems.
ASM Guideline Category Sixteen
Management of Change - The plant Management of Change procedure addresses major
changes to the information displays and input devices
16.1 1 Ensure that MOC covers major changes in design of operator displays and
devices.
16.2 1 Ensure that MOC covers permanent changes in alarm configuration.
ASM How to Use these Guidelines
• Auditing existing practices

– Gap analysis for opportunities for improvement
• Establishing consistent operator interface practices
– Incorporation into a company’s own guidelines or style guide
– A guide to setting up or improving a site’s operator graphics and
console configuration
– A guide for evaluating DCS information system capabilities
• Educating site personnel on effective operator
interface design practices
– Management, Engineering, and Operations;
– Individuals that design the DCS graphics and other information
systems (e.g., site intranets / business applications for Operator
use)
Effective Operator Interface
ASM Development Life Cycle
Interaction
Requirements
Methods
white paper
5. Usability 1. Knowledge
Evaluation acquisition
Operator
Interface
Development
Phases
4. Interface 2. Requirements
Implementation Generation
Effective Operator
Display Design 3. Interface
ASM Guidelines Design
ASM User Interface Design
Human Factored Design Human Centered Design
• Syntactics of UI • Semantics of UI
– Defining the consistent, human- – Defining the meaningful dialog
friendly grammar for dialog in in the human-machine system
the system interactions interactions
• Emphasis on human capabilities • Emphasis on user- and task-
and limitations, i.e., memory, modeling
selective attentions, calculation
skills, reading skills
• Impacts appearance of • Impacts system functionality
information presentation and
input protocol
• UI features • UI features
– Screen Layout and Density – Functional decomposition
– Use of visual coding – Navigation scheme
– Font Conventions – Visualization techniques
– Information content
ASM User Interface Design
Human Factored Design Human Centered Design
• Syntactics of UI • Semantics of UI
– Defining the consistent, human- – Defining the meaningful dialog
friendly grammar for dialog in in the human-machine system
the system interactions interactions
• Emphasis on human capabilities • Emphasis on user- and task-
and limitations, i.e., memory, modeling
selective attentions, calculation
skills, reading skills
• Impacts appearance of • Impacts system functionality
information presentation and
input protocol
• UI features • UI features
– Screen Layout and Density – Functional decomposition
– Use of visual coding – Navigation scheme
– Font Conventions – Visualization techniques
– Information content
ASM Concluding Comments
T20 0 FRAC OVRHD
FI2 26
4 00 .3 12
• Appendix provides a “wholistic”

CSR FL ARE
M SCFD
PC1 05 PI115 FI204

TI202 15% 18.70 10.77 000 .0 0
281 .5 3 PS IG PS IG MSCFD
E2 09
example / counter-example of
DEG F TI20 3 E21 0
2 00.09 FUEL
PC1 06
CWS DEGF GAS
15.73
TI20 1 LI224
PS IG
guidelines
PI201 280.03 95
18.71 F %
PSI FC20 1 85%
T2 03
4608 .2 3 0%
BPD FC2 34
LI214
65% 13.29
D200 85
KBPD
%
T2 00 TEMPS TI223
1-28 1.53 DEGF T20 0 4 40.06
2-28 0.03 DEGF F
3-27 1.89 DEGF VRU
• Interactions between guidelines – 4-26 6.00 DEGF

5-25 5.44 DEGF
6-25 4.99 DEGF
7-26 6.92 DEGF
LC204
TI213
8 9.03
F
C2 05
AI2 41
3 20 .7 8
and how they are implemented – are

25 AM PS
%
SOUR
FC21 4
W TR
130 8.29
50%
just as important as the individual

BPD
NAP HTHA
SL OP
1 00%
P20 9 P21 1
guidelines themselves P21 0 P21 2

Flare
bpd
123.4
• Be careful of evaluating designs,

mscfh
VRU
123.4
F
123.4
psi C205
style guides, libraries, etc. on an Fuel Gas

123.4 E
%
T203
123.4
psi
Amp
123.4
individual guideline-by-guideline
D200
E210
F 123.4 H
%
123.4
123.4
%
basis E209
F
CWR CWS
123.4
F
123.4 E
Slop
123.4
T200
psi Sour H 2O
The Whole is Greater than the Sum

123.4
F bpd bpd
123.4 123.4 M 123.4
Naphtha
of the Parts L
ASM Webinar Discussion Time
• Any additional questions and/or comments
on the Webinar coverage of the Effective
Operator Display Design Guidelines
• The guidelines document is available on

the ASM web site at
– https://www.createspace.com/3355979
Or
– http://www.amazon.com
• How much value was there for you in attending
today’s webinar?
– Significant value – worth my time and I would recommend it to
others
– Moderate value – worth my time but not sure I would recommend
it to others
– Marginal value – probably worth my time
– No value – was not worth my time today
ASM® Webinar:
ASM Effective Operator Display Design Guidelines
Thank you for your attendance.
• For follow up questions please contact:

– Dal Vernon Reising – dreising@applyhcs.com
– Peter Bullemer – pbullemer@applyhcs.com
– Jason Laberge – jason.laberge@honeywell.com
• The guidelines book is available on:

– https://www.createspace.com/3355979
Or
– http://www.amazon.com

2009 ASM Displays GL Webinar v014

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

2009 ASM Displays GL Webinar v014

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

An Introduction to the ASM Guidelines

Effective Operator Display Design

ASM Peter Bullemer

Page 1 ASM Consortium Proprietary ASM-HCS Interaction Reqts Webinar.ppt

• Dr. Dal Vernon Reising

• Dr. Peter Bullemer

Creating a new paradigm

An industrial process is being disturbed and the

Job Satisfaction Personal Injury

Source: ASM Consortium Research

Plant Incidents Optimization efforts

Plant Capacity Limit

< 60% 95% 100%

• This webinar aims to

• Communicate the ASM® Consortium

• While this document does describe “what to do,” it is not intended to

Documentation Task Window - 45

10 :14 :34 1 2/1

Objective Key Solution Concepts & Innovations

Group Comparison Metrics

• No average differences between

Operator performance measure: Total Completion Time

• Successful completion of the

• Based on traditional Human Information Processing model

Process Operator Mental & Physical Activities

Orienting Evaluating Acting

In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not recommended in

Why? Consistent, distinguishable color codes allow operators to learn the

In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not recommended in

The number of colors used to code categories of objects should be kept to

In general, color coding to indicate materials in process lines is not

• Next few slides show:

• Presenter will speak to

1.1 1 Use a process overview display for operator span of control.

1.5 2 Use dedicated displays to support response to critical upset conditions.

Not Recommended Recommended

“Area 1 “Area 2 “Area 3 “Area 4

“Area 1 – “Area 2 – “Area 3 – “Area 4 –

“Area 1 – “Area 2 – “Area 3 – “Area 4 –

Level 1 Overview Notifications Trends Display Trends Display

Operating Displays Operating Displays

Trend Faceplate Level 4 Trends Trend Faceplate Level 4 Trends

Dynamic User-selected On-

3.3 1 Depict equipment without excessive detail to facilitate quick identification.

3.4 2 Minimize the complexity of equipment and control relationships, presenting

3.6 2 Ensure that the overall style depicts 3D objects effectively.

Recommended Not Recommended

F bpd bpd F bpd bpd

5.6 3 Use yoking to automate navigation to corresponding objects or information

6.5 1 Use brightness coding sparingly for salience coding.

6.7 2 Ensure that color is a redundant, visual coding of information.

Text Text Text Text

Possible Possible Label and/or

Perceived Size of Same Display on Off-

10.3 2 Use appropriate integration of DCS and hard-wired panel alarms.

15.3 1 Use design specifications for consistent implementation.

• Auditing existing practices

• Appendix provides a “wholistic”

PC1 05 PI115 FI204

• Interactions between guidelines – 4-26 6.00 DEGF

and how they are implemented – are

just as important as the individual

guidelines themselves P21 0 P21 2