Biology 1210 ASSIGNED STUDY QUESTIONS #4

MORE FROM CHAPTER THREE

The online animations make fun breaks from reading but watch them actively, look for parts of cell that you
recognize, think about scale. Remember to amazed that your body is composed of 100 trillion of these cells
working together! (some says 10 trillion cells per human but most sources say 100 trillion. Both are
estimates as no one has counted them all. Your body has 10x more nonhuman than human cells!)

1. Identify Parts of the Cell without looking at notes, text or slides. After you have tried look at hints on last
page (yes some of these squiggles are vague but try before peeking). If you are still stuck mark these with a
star and look in text/slides. (There are a lot more of b,d,e,m than shown.)

a. __________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________
c. (these should be over by nucleus) ____________________________________________
d. __________________________________________________________________
e. __________________________________________________________________
f. __________________________________________________________________
g. __________________________________________________________________
h. __________________________________________________________________
i. __________________________________________________________________
j. __________________________________________________________________
k. __________________________________________________________________
l. __________________________________________________________________
m. __________________________________________________________________
n. __________________________________________________________________
o. __________________________________________________________________
p. __________________________________________________________________
2. Watch The Inner Life of a Cell (Click: The Inner Life 8 MIN (top left) not little video insert) at
http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/

3. Plug the following into your browser and enjoy http://vimeo.com/819138

(If that doesn’t work you can google Powers of Ten , there are many version but I think you can’t beat the original Charles
and Ray Eames version. There were the days of disco, eight tracks and rotary phones so be patient with the graphics)

4. Go to http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/ There is lots of good stuff for you here but before you explore, first
type the words Cell Size and Scale into the search bar on top.
a. Take some time to look at scale explanation under picture.
1 meter = 3.2808399 feet or 39.37… inches
b. Move the scroll bar under the picture slowly to right. Maybe try it a second time reading the
labels. Write down anything you are surprised about, then look at notes below picture.

CHAPTER FOUR
*5. Compare and contrast:
a. kinetic and potential energy e. a reaction with and without an enzyme
b. energy releasing and energy absorbing reactions f. first and second law of thermodynamics
c. reactants (substrates) and products g. competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors
d. ATP and ADP h. high and low energy bonds

*6. Match the following (can be more than one)

a. diffusion ___ i) diffusion across a biological membrane
b. active transport ___ ii) moves against concentration gradient
c. osmosis ___ iii) any spread of molecules from area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
d. phagocytosis ___ iv) diffusion with help of transport protein
e. passive transport ___ v) three types of endocytosis
f. facilitated diffusion ___ vi) engulfing of fluid in membrane vesicles
g. pinocyctosis ___ vii) diffusion of water across selectively permeable
h. receptor-mediated endocytosis membrane, from hypotonic to hypertonic solution
i. exocytosis ___viii) transport molecules that need ATP to function
___ x) enables cell to engulf bulk quantities of specific
large molecules
___ x) how oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave cells
___ xi) two types of passive transport
___ xii) engulfing of particle in membrane vesicle
___xiii) fusion of membrane-bound vesicle with membrane, and
dumping of contents outside cell
___xiv) how a cell might capture a bacterium

*7. a. Compare and contrast osmosis, diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

b. If a cell is surrounded by high concentrations of a solute and it allows the solute to passively diffuse
inward through a membrane channel, this is an example of__________.
c. If toss a human cell into pure water, what happens? Which direction will water move?
The water is _________________ to the cell.
d. Why doesn’t this happen to you when you are in the bath tub?

*8. List the six functions of membrane protein (from Lecture #11 Ch 4 summary slide)

*9. Which is NOT true? Compared to lower energy bonds, high energy bonds…
a. release a lot more energy when broken d. are less stable
b. require a lot more energy to make e. all of these are true
c. require a lot more energy to break

*10. Which of the following is NOT true of an enzyme? An enzyme

a. is usually a protein d. supplies energy to start a chemical reaction
b. is specific to one chemical reaction e. acts as a biological catalyst
c. lowers the energy barrier for a chemical reaction

*11. What do enzymes do? An enzyme’s function is a result of the ______________ of its binding site.
*12. An enzyme and a membrane receptor are similar in that they
a. are always attached to the membrane d. supply energy for the cell
b. bind to molecules of a particular shape e. act as catalysts
c. require ATP to function

*13. What is energy? What is chemical energy? Explain how a little tiny electron can have potential energy?
Where does the energy in ATP come from? What form of energy does ATP have? Where is that energy?
What are the parts of ATP? All good test questions!

HERE ARE SOME QUESTIONS FROM OLD EXAMS

Fig. 3.6

For questions # 14 through # 24 Insulin is produced by the pancreas, and stored in lipid vesicles. After
eating a meal containing glucose, the insulin is released into the blood where it binds to the insulin receptor
and allows the glucose transporter on fat and muscle cells to open. Type 1 diabetes is caused when
patients cannot produce the peptide hormone insulin in their pancreas.

Insulin A

Pancreas Cell

B
GLUCOSE

Insulin Receptor

Glucose Transporter
C
Fat or Muscle Cell

Blood
14. Glucose is at a lower concentration inside the fat cell than outside. This is...
a. diffusion b. activation energy c. a concentration gradient d. impossible

15. Under these conditions, glucose would enter the fat cell by…
a. endocytosis b. osmosis c. diffusion d. facilitated diffusion e. active transport

16. Insulin leaves a pancreas cell by…

a. facilitated diffusion b. active transport c. endocytosis d. exocytosis

17. In a diabetic, what will happen to blood glucose levels after eating simple carbohydrates?
a. increase b. decrease c. stay the same d. no way to know

18. Which of the molecules (above right) is glucose?

a. A b. B c. C d. all of these e. none of these

19. Glucose is soluble in water because it can form ___ with water molecules.
a. covalent bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. ionic bonds d. hydrophobic bonds

20. Which of these molecules (above right) binds the fewest water molecules per carbon atom?
a. A b. B c. C d. no way to know

21. Insulin and the insulin receptors are _ and thus contain which of these molecules (above right) _?
a. carbohydrates . . . A b. lipids . . . . . . . . . . B c. proteins . . . . . . . C
d. proteins . . . . . . . . A e. carbohydrates . . . B i. lipids . . . . . . . . . C

22. Insulin and the insulin receptors are synthesized (made) in what part of the cell?
a. nucleus b. smooth ER c. Golgi
d. Rough ER e. cytoplasm f. mitochondria
23. Trace the path of production for insulin by ranking these steps from 1 (first) to 6 (last)
____ exported from plasma membrane
____ ribosome binds mRNA
____ info from DNA copied into mRNA
____ polypeptide chain grows inside RER
____ ribosome binds RER
____ protein processed/sorted in Golgi

24. a. In the human body, blood glucose is kept within a narrow range of 4 and 6 mM (mmol/l).
This mechanism is called ___________________________________________
b. Is insulin brought into the cell after it binds the receptor? (Yes/ No) __________
c. Explain briefly (2 words will suffice) how the cell knows to responds to the binding of insulin.

25. You have four beakers with solute concentrations as follows:

A = 10%, B = 20%, C = 15%, and D = 10%
In the blanks for a-c indicate if hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic
a. Beaker A is ______________________________ to beaker B.
b. Beaker B is ______________________________ to beaker C.
c. Beaker D is ______________________________ to beaker A.
d. IF solutions from beakers A and B are separated by a membrane permeable ONLY to
water, Draw an arrow in the direction water will flow: A _____________ B.

Hints for question 1:

a. the outside of all cells
b. powerhouse organelle
c. organizes spindle fibers
d. surrounds food particles
e. breaks down macromolecules
f. the outside of this large organelle
g. where rRNA is made
h. the dencondensed chromosomes
i. the hole
j. parts f-I together make up this largest of organelles
k. the little dots that can be free or bound
l. ship and sort
m. fibers for movement
n. “dots” are bound here
o. “dots” are never bound here
p. pointing to fluid or gel that contains the organelles