Code.

No: R05412107
R05 SET-1
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
IV B.TECH – I SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS, JUNE - 2010
HELICOPTER ENGINEERING
(AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1. a) What is a rotorcraft? What are the different types of rotorcrafts?

b) Configure helicopters based upon torque reaction. [8+8]

2. a) How does a helicopter gain height? Explain the aerodynamics of rotor wing
aircraft during climb, with sketches.
b)

m
Write a brief note on Flapping and Feathering of rotor blades of a helicopter rotor.

o
[8+8]

3. a)

. c
Define the term ‘figure of merit’ of a helicopter rotor. Express it in terms of
induced power and profile power.
b) Explain the terms below with respect to a helicopter
i)
ii)
Hovering flight.
Vertical flight
r ld
iii) Forward flight.

w o [8+8]

tu
4. A helicopter weighs 62,000N and has a single rotor of 14.3m diameter. Estimate
the power required to fly forward at a speed of 16m/sec at sea level. Take CD

j. n
(based on rotor disc area) as 0.0065. [16]

5. a) Illustrate performance curves of a helicopter rotor with the effect of attitude.

6.
b)

w w
Write a note on the directional stability/ Instability of a single rotor helicopter.

Based on the modified momentum theory, show that the operating thrust
[8+8]

w
coefficient CT to give the lowest power in hover (best power loading) is CT for

best PL = ⎜
1 ⎛ σ Cdo ⎞
2⎝ k ⎠
23

⎟ Also, show that this condition corresponds to a figure of

merit of 2/3 k. [16]

7. a) Describe thrust vectoring principle of an existing VTOL airplane.

b) Explain following terms with respect to helicopter:
i) Lateral Control.
ii) Directional Control. [16]

8. a) What are the principal details of an ‘Hovercraft’? How does it obtain forward
motion?
b) Describe the propulsion system of a hovercraft with sketches. [8+8]

*****
Code.No: R05412107
R05 SET-2
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
IV B.TECH – I SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS, JUNE - 2010
HELICOPTER ENGINEERING
(AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1. a) Describe with sketches and plots the difference between a conventional airplane
and the helicopter. Emphasize on the generation of lift in both cases.
b) Describe the rotor power transmission of system with a representative sketch.
[8+8]

2. a)
b)
m
Explain the salient features and merits of fully articulated rotor of helicopter.
How does compound helicopter differ from a conventional helicopter? Explain
with relevant features and sketches.
o [8+8]

3. a)
. c
How does the ‘Blade Element theory’ become superior to the ‘actuator disc
theory’? Hence define
i)
ii)
Thrust coefficient, and
Torque coefficient.
r ld
b)
i) Fast rate of descent

w o
Illustrate with sketches, the vortex ring flow in vertical descent of a helicopter at

tu
ii) Slow rate of descent. [8+8]

j. n
4. A helicopter weighs 89,000N and has a single rotor of 19.3m diameter. Estimate
the power required to fly forward at a speed of 16m/sec at sea level. Take CD
(based on rotor disc area) as 0.006. [16]

5. a)

b)
w
Define the term static stability of a helicopter. Is a statically stable helicopter,

w
dynamically stable as well?
Explain induced, profile and parasite power in forward flight. [16]

6. w
Discuss in detail the reasons why the modern helicopter is still essentially a low
speed aircraft. Discuss how a main rotor system might be designed so that a
helicopter can achieve higher overall forward flight speed and a possible
expansion of the maneuvering envelope. Identify any potential trade-offs with any
design option. [16]

7. a) Describe a simplified version of Hovercraft system. Explain its lifting system and
forward flight mechanisms. Make use of sketches/diagrams.
b) Write a note on Hovercraft in forward/transitional motion on land or water.
[8+8]

8. a) Explain the limitations of hovercraft on land and water.

b) Describe the properties system of a hovercraft with sketches. [16]

*****
Code.No: R05412107
R05 SET-3
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
IV B.TECH – I SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS, JUNE - 2010
HELICOPTER ENGINEERING
(AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---

1. For a truly heavy lift helicopter, say in excess of 100,000 kg gross takeoff weight,
a single rotor design would be considered impractical. Discuss the reasons why
this might be so. [16]

2. Show that for a hovering rotor with blades that operate at constant lift and drag

the power is proportional to the cube of the tip speed.

o m
coefficients, thrust on the rotor is proportional to the square of the tip speed, and
[16]

3.

. c
Model a helicopter rotor in hover, by an actuator disc in which the induced
velocity V(r) varies linearly with radius starting from zero at the centre, to VR at

r ld
the edge of the disc (r=R). Using momentum theory applied to flow through each
circular annular element between r and r + ∆r of the disc, obtain a relation
between T the total thrust generated and P the power expended, and
a)
b)
A, the area of the rotor disc,
ρ, the density of air and

w o
tu
c) VR, induced velocity at the rotor tip, representing the operating conditions.
[16]

4. a)

j. n
Describe with illustrations the aerodynamics of ‘forward flight’ of a single rotor
helicopter. How does it differ from that for the same in vertical flight?
b)

ii)
iii)
w w
Explain the following terms for a single rotor helicopter
i) Induced power.
Profile power and
Parasite power. [16]

5. a)
b)
w
Illustrate performance curves of a helicopter rotor with the effect of attitude.
Explain induced, profile and parasite power in forward flight. [16]

6. You are asked to design a rotor for a large helicopter whose primary mission is to
lift logs and heavy construction equipment in the mountains. If the gross weight
is 45356Kg, rotor diameter is 36.36m, average operating altitude is 4545.5m and
rotor tip speed is 197 m/s, calculate the tip chord (assuming seven blades),
equivalent rotor solidity and mean rotor lift of ground coefficient for the
helicopter. How much power would be required to hover out of ground effect at
the design condition? Choose and obtain data on an appropriate airfoil. [16]

7. Describe a simplified hovercraft in obtaining

a) Vertical lifting/hovering action.
b) Forward/translational motion. [16]
8. Derive the power calculation for plenum chamber and peripheral jet mechanisms.
[16]

******

o m
. c
r ld
w o
j. n tu
w w
w
Code.No: R05412107
R05 SET-4
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
IV B.TECH – I SEM SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS, JUNE - 2010
HELICOPTER ENGINEERING
(AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING)
Time: 3hours Max.Marks:80
Answer any FIVE questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1. The so-called “compound” helicopter designs have enjoyed periodic popularity
over the past fifty years, but none have entered production. What is meant by a
compound helicopter? Briefly, suggest some of the advantages and disadvantages
of a compound helicopter design. In particular, explain the difference between
“lift” compounding and “thrust” compounding. [16]

2. a)

b)
wake of a hovering rotor at sealed as a function of disk loading T/A.

o m
Calculate and plot the values of the slipstream velocities in the fully contacted

Assuming a figure of merit of 0.75, compute and plot the power loading versus
disk loading.

. c [16]

3.

a)
r ld
Given that the inflow distribution over a rotor with rectangular untwisted blades is
approximately triangular and assuming no tip-loss effects,
Compute the variation with radius of inflow angle and section AoA for

b)
such a rotor.

w o
Derive the relation between the blade element lift coefficients and CT/σ.

tu
c) Derive an expression for the hovering power of such a rotor in terms of
CT/σ and Cd0 [16]

4. a)

j. n
Demonstrate that part of the helicopter rotor remains stalled in forward flight.
Make use of sketches.

5.
b)

w w
What makes a helicopter statically stable in longitudinal direction? Is it
dynamically stable as well? [8+8]

A helicopter weights 30,000 N and has a single rotor of 16m diameter. Using

6.
w
momentum theory estimate the power required for level flight at a speed of 20m/
sec at sea level. Take CD=0.0065 based on rotor disc area. [16]

It is required to improve the tail rotor authority of an existing helicopter design.

The design of the rotor blades is to be changed, but without modifying the blade
pitch attachments, hub, pitch links and so on. Define the requirements, outline any
conflicting issues and suggest possible means of tackling this problem. [16]

7. a) Describe the VTOL action of Harrier airplane.

b) How does the ‘tilt-wing’ technology achieve VTOL mode in case of an airplane.
[8+8]

8. a) What are the principle details of a ‘Hovercraft’. How does it obtain forward
motion?
b) Explain the different types of hovercrafts with suitable diagrams. [8+8]

******