Six Dimensional Relativity

(Correction and Dimensional Expansion of Relativity)

Chang-Ming Tsai

Fl.3-1, No.9,Lane 22 Xien Yen Road

Wen San District, Taipei, Taiwan

A) Abstract
Through the combination of the “event” 6.7. of Relativity and the “object”, I have made
an attempt to expand the physical coordinate system to six dimensions comprising
components of space, time, mass and charge. Basing on these dimensions, I will then
discuss the movement of “object” which would serve as a fundamental of Unification
Theory.

From the newly constructed six dimensional Minkowski transformation matrixes, we

know that all of the measurements on moving system are decreasing a factor  1 i.e.
length contraction, time dilatation, mass and charge decrease. There is general
agreement that when moving speed is at c (light speed), all of the measurements are
“0”.

As the moving mass of photon is “0” at speed c, we might deduce that it must have
mass when speed is less than c. One can safely state that moving mass will not be  ,
because of at speed c.

How many kind of photons are in existence is a question left to be found by

experiments in the future. As to charge and its characters featuring positive, negative
and neutral attributes, I think it is beyond the scope of this brief paper. The fuller
discussion or study lies in further spinor analysis as well as fruitful results conducted
by related experiments.

B) Introduction
We would like to mention some of well-known physic statements as below: 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

1. Moving mass is increasing when speed is increasing. When moving speed is at c

(light speed), the mass become 

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2. The measurement of length and time is contrary to the measurement of mass.
3. The mass of photon is assumed to be “zero” without any choice.
4. De Broglie postulate
5. Mass-energy equation and energy conservation law.

We can easily find out the paradox of point 1. with other 4 points, furthermore dose
the occupation of mass will be  when the mass becomes  ? Actually, we know all of
the mass should occupy certain space.

In the study of differential geometry 8 , I have found the generalized Serrat-Frenet

formula and 6 rank Riemannian curvature tensors. Hence we can consider changing
the movements of “point” in Relativity into the movement of “object” or “particle”
with coordinate of 6 dimensions of physic coordinate system is necessary.

C) Brief Description
We know from the photoelectric effect, De Broglie formula and mass-energy formula,
the movement of object will have energy which can be expressed by wave length 4 ,
therefore, we can construct 6 dimensional Minkowski matrix by following definition
and postulates:

1. Definition: Object(particle)has its mass and charge. The movement of object

should be in the system of space and time.
2. Postulates

2.1 Mass-wave constant   h / m 2p c , h is Planck constant, m p is rest mass of

photon, c is light speed

2.2 Charge-wave constnat   h / cke2p , k is mass/charge ratio e p is photon

rest charge.
We set the fifth axis x5  im , the sixth axis x6  ie , i   1 and combine with

space-time axes x、y、z、ict to form 6 dimensional physic coordinate system

xi , i.e.x, y, z, ict , im, ie. .

By using the same method as special relativity, we can obtain the orthogonal
Minkowski transformation matrix

( x j ) =  A x j    1   2  ,   

1
2
where
c

2
  1 0 0 i 0 0
 
 0 1 0 0 i 0
 0 0 1 0 0 i 
(A) =  
  i 0 0 1 0 0
 0  i 0 0 1 0
 
 0  i 1 
 0 0 0

We can get the following formula under same conditions as relativity:

x j  x j or xj   1x j

It states

1. When  increasing x j is decreasing by factor  1 .i.e. length contraction,

time dilatations, mass and charge are decreasing too.

2. When   c , length, time, mass and charge are all “0”.

D) Conclusion and discussion

This is a new theory by the combination of fundamentals of quantum mechanics and

special relativity. We name it Unification Theory. Besides the space and time of
relativity, we introduce Planck constant h and mass/charge ratio k to build up 2
additional dimension of mass and charge to form 6 dimensions system.
Using same method and conditions as relativity, we get orthogonal Minkowski matrix
which gives primary result as above mentioned.

At this moment, we would like to discuss about moving mass briefly.

According to “experiments”, moving mass=∞ when   c , but length measurement

is “0”. How dose such paradox happen?

When it is applied to photoelectric effect, the photon mass is assumed to be “0” but it
has energy.

According to new result, the moving mass is “0” (   c ),but has rest mass m0 which

converts to energy E  m0 c 2  h .This is a portion of photon energy but there should

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have other energy to be contributed by charge(Depend upon experiments.)regarding
the category of photons will be clarified by experiments too.

As to charge, such as positive, negative, neutral, can we find out any physical
explanation? Can moving charge tell the different between the electric and magnetic
fields?

There should have charge-energy similar to mass- energy. The spinor analysis might
give some physic meaning of charge upon further study.

Basing on the Unification Theory(UT), we can give few applications.

1. Maxwell equations
From the entries of transformation matrix, we can obtain several new unknown fields
which are induced by the present of mass and charge. The 6 dimensional
d’Alembertian wave eq. is very similar to Klein-Gordon Eq. and Schrödinger eq.

2. General Relativity
We can get very similar form of Einstein Eq. with only different in dimension from
4-D change to 6-D.

Besides the generalized Serrat-Frenet moving frame formula and 6 ranks Riemannian
curvature tensors, we still need following mathematical tool:

1. 3 rank near complex structure

2. 3 spinor analysis
3. Related De Sitter Group

E) After words
The main structure of unification theory and mathematics as mentioned was finished
during 1960-1970
This paper will not be shown without strong encouragement by Dr. Y. C. Yang (Prof.
of Chin Hwa University, Taiwan)

This is just a new beginning of physics and extensive research is required.

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F) Reference List
1. P.G.Bergmann, Introduction to the theory of Relativity,1969?
2. F.W.Constant, Theoretical Physics, 1954
3 .A.Einstein, The meaning of Relativity,5th edition, 1980
4. R.M.Eisberg, Fundamentals of Mordern Physics, 1961
5 .L.D.Landau,E.M.Lifshitz,The classical theory of Fields, 3rd edition(revised) 1972
6 .R.Nevanlinna,Space time and Relativity, 1968, Addison-Wesley
7. Ray Skinner, Relativity, 1969, Blaisdell
8. T.J.Willmore, An introduction to differential geometry,1959,Oxford

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