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Presented by Dr. Hashem Hassouna

Lecturer Of Oral maxollo facial
Faculty Of Dentistry
Pharos University
P.U.A
 Dentistry has a long and fascinating history.
From the earliest of times, humans have
been suffering by dental disease.
Many of the remarkable techniques in
modern dentistry can be traced to the very
earliest of times in every culture.

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 .

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Magic played an important part in the treatment
of dental ills, and people of early ages had odd
beliefs concerning teeth. The Egyptians
believed that the mouse was under the direct
protection of the sun, therefore if one had a
toothache the split body of a warm mouse was
applied to the affected side.

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 .”

Jaw of ancient Egyptian showing drill

holes used in dental repair.
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Egyptian Hesi-Re(3000b.c) is the first
dentist to pharaohs, he was associating
medicine and dentistry

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• In the 5th century B.C,
Herodotus described art
of medicine in Egypt as
being the home of
medical specialties to
be distributed each
physician is a physician
of one disease for e.g..
Some experts of eyes,
while other for head and
teeth

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 Splinting with gold foil and wire was
done by ancient Egyptian 2500bc
discovered in the tomb 948 A.D in
Giza

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“Dentistry was practiced in pharaonic
times, but that it also indicates the
respect the king had for the royal
dentist..
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 Hammurabi code
Hammurabi 1760 B.C. is the first state
controlled economy fees charged by
physicians were established . His law code
contained two paragraphs dealing with teeth.

If a person knocks out the teeth of an equal, his teeth
shall be knocked out

If he knocks out the tooth of feed slave, he shall pay
one third of a mine
The teeth were knocked out as a form of punishment
among these early people

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• Aesculapius
• Hippocrates
• Aristotle

• Diocles of Carystus

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• Etruscans (100 - 400 B.C.) the greatest
contribution in restorative dentistry. In
Italian museums there are numerous
specimens of crowns and bridges.

• A bridge constructed about 2500 years

ago. This consists of several gold bands
fastened to natural teeth and supporting
three artificial teeth, two of which are
made from a calf's tooth grooved in the
center to appear like two central incisors.

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 Ancient Etruscan gold-banded bridge

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 THE EARLY TIMES
THE ROMANS
• Celsus
• Archigenus (100 A.D.)
• Galen (200 A.D)
• ST. Apollonian of Alexandria (294 A.D)
was prayed in order to relief pain

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 ARABS
Albucasis(albucasem )
1013AD in Cordoba a
great Arabian exponent of
oral surgery in the middle
ages. He was famous
surgeon, teacher and the
first to believe in referred
pain theory. He described
techniques for extractions
and treatment of partially
luxated teeth and correct
deformities in the mouth
and dental.

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Albucasis books first
illustared dental
instrument
14 type of
scalers
Elevators for
surgery
Cautery
Forceps for
surgery
Dental saws and
files for removel of
caries
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• Leonardo DaVinci studied human anatomy and
sketched every part of the human body. He was the
first to describe the differences between molars and
premolars.
• Ambroise Pare was the founder of modern surgery.
• Pierre Fauchard was the founder of modern
dentistry. He developed dentistry as an independent
profession from medicine.

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Pierre Fauchard, the
“Father of Modern
Dentistry”.
• credited with being the "father of modern
dentistry.
• His book, describes the basic oral anatomy
and function, signs and symptoms of oral
pathology, operative methods for removing
decay and restoring teeth, periodontal disease
(pyorrhea), orthodontics, replacement of
missing teeth, and tooth transplantation.

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 • Robert Woofendale was one of the first dentists in
the colonies.
• John Baker, M.D., practiced dentistry in New York,
Boston, and Philadelphia. George Washington was
one of his patients.
• Paul Revere,, was a silverworker who became a
dentist. He is credited with being the first to use
forensic dental evidence to identify human remains.

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 Early America− cont’d
• Isaac Greenwood was the first native-born
American dentist.
• John Greenwood was the second son of Isaac
Greenwood. He served in the American Army
at the age of 14 years. He later became a
dentist like his father.

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 G. V. Black, the “Grand Old Man of
Dentistry”.

• Known worldwide as G.V. Black, he

earned the title of “the grand old man
of dentistry.”
• He standardized the rules of cavity
preparation and filling.
• He developed the principle of
“extension for prevention.”

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Black’s dental treatment room
 C. Edmund Kells

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 Edmund Kells and his “working unit”, about
1900. Assistant on the left is keeping cold air on
the cavity while assistant on the right mixes
materials and “secretary” records details.
• Dr. Wells was the dentist credited with the
discovery of inhalation anesthesia in 1844.
• He realized the potential for pain-free
dentistry by using nitrous oxide (laughing gas).

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 Women Enter the Profession

• Emiline Roberts became the first woman

dentist in the United States

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Lucy B. Hobbs-Taylor, the first woman
graduate of dental school.
 Dental students at University of California San Francisco,
School of Dentistry treat patients in the dental clinic in the
early 1900s. (Courtesy of UCSF School of Dentistry).