lamas (el5932) – Quiz 5: Dynamics of Waves – balasubramanya – (1402111) 1

This print-out should have 15 questions. of the string from the incident pulse, forming
Multiple-choice questions may continue on a valley.
the next column or page – find all choices Incident crests reflect as valleys, and vice
before answering. versa.

001 10.0 points 002 10.0 points

One end of a horizontal string is fixed to a
wall. A transverse wave pulse in the form of a
crest is generated at the other end and moves
toward the wall, as shown. Consider the pulse
after it has been reflected by the wall.
You are given f1 (x), a transverse wave that
moves on a string that ends and is FIXED in
place at x = 5 m. As the problem begins, the
wave is moving to the right at v = 1 m/s.
v
3

Amplitude (centimeter)
v 2
1
0
−1
−2
What is/are correct concerning the re-
flected pulse? −3
2 3 0 4 1 5
A) The reflected pulse has a greater speed
Distance (meter)
than that of the incident pulse.
B) The reflected pulse forms a valley. What is the shape of the wave on the string
C) The reflected pulse forms a crest. after 5 s?
D) The reflected pulse has a greater ampli-
3
tude than that of the incident pulse.
2
1. A only 1
1. 0
2. B only correct −1
−2
3. D only
−3
0 1 2 3 4 5
4. C only Distance (meter)
5. None of these 3
2
Explanation: 1
The speed of the pulse is determined by the 2. 0
tension of the string and the mass per unit
length, and is the same for the incident and −1
reflected pulses. −2
The reflected pulse cannot have an ampli- −3
tude greater than that of the incident pulse, 0 1 2 3 4 5
since no energy is added to the pulse at the Distance (meter)
wall.
There is a phase shift of π at the wall,
because the end fixed at the wall cannot move,
so the reflected pulse is on the opposite side
 lamas (el5932) – Quiz 5: Dynamics of Waves – balasubramanya – (1402111) 2

3 3
2 2
1 1
3. 0 7. 0
−1 −1
−2 −2
−3 −3
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter) Distance (meter)
3 correct
2 3
1 2
4. 0 1
−1 8. 0
−2 −1
−3 −2
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter) −3
0 1 2 3 4 5
3 Distance (meter)
2 3
1 2
5. 0 1
−1 9. 0
−2 −1
−3 −2
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter) −3
0 1 2 3 4 5
3 Distance (meter)
2 3
1 2
6. 0 1
−1 10. 0
−2 −1
−3 −2
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter) −3
0 1 2 3 4 5
Distance (meter)
Explanation:
Consider the image of the wave reflected
about the FIXED point x = 5 m in the fol-
lowing diagram. The image will be moving
to the left at v ′ = −1 m/s (in the opposite
direction from the real wave).
The initial wave (real) on the string is rep-
 lamas (el5932) – Quiz 5: Dynamics of Waves – balasubramanya – (1402111) 3
resented with a dashed line and its reflected x and t for a sinusoidal wave traveling along
wave (imaginary) is represented with a dotted a rope in the negative x direction with the
line. following characteristics: A = 8.00 cm, λ =
Initial time, t = 0 s 80.0 cm, f = 3.00 Hz, and y(0, t) = 0 at t = 0.
v v′ In this problem x and y are in meters and t is
3
Amplitude (centimeter)

in seconds.
2
1. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x − 6 π t)
1
0 2. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x − 3 t)
−1
3. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x + 3 t)
−2
−3 4. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x + 6 π t)
0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 2
Distance (meter) 5. y = 0.08 sin(7.85 x − 6 π t)
After 5 s the positions of the two waves
are have both moved 5 meters in opposite 6. y = 0.08 sin(7.85 x + 6 π t) correct
directions. The resultant sum of the two
Explanation:
waves is the light gray line.
The amplitude is A = 0.08 m, the angular
Superposition at t = 5 s wave number
3
Amplitude (centimeter)

2π 2π
2 k= = = 7.85 m−1
λ 80.0 cm
1
and the angular frequency is
0
−1 ω = 2 π f = 2 π (3.00 Hz) = 6 π s−1 .
−2 We also know that y(0, 0) = 0, which gives the
−3 phase constant φ = 0. The fact that the wave
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 is traveling in the negative x direction gives
Distance (meter) us a + sign in the brackets, so the function is
Resultant at t = 5 s y = 0.08 sin(7.85 x + 6 π t) .
3
Amplitude (centimeter)

2
004 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
1 Write the expression for y as a function of x
0 for the wave assuming that y(x, 0) = 0 at the
−1 point x = 10.0 cm.
−2 1. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x + 3 t − 0.125)
−3
0 1 2 3 4 5 2. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x − 3 t − 0.125)
Distance (meter)
3. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x + 6 π t − 0.125)
keywords:
4. y = 0.08 sin(1.25 x − 6 π t − 0.125)
003 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Write the expression for y as a function of 5. y = 0.08 sin(7.85 x − 6 π t − 0.785)
 lamas (el5932) – Quiz 5: Dynamics of Waves – balasubramanya – (1402111) 4

6. y = 0.08 sin(7.85 x + 6 π t − 0.785) cor- Correct answer: 6.54498 m.

rect Explanation:
Explanation: ω ω
f λ = and f = , so
k 2π
2π 2π
Let : y = 0 and λ= = = 6.54498 m .
k 0.96 m−1
x = 10 cm = 0.1 m .

The phase constant φ is not zero, so 007 (part 3 of 4) 10.0 points

h i What is the frequency?
−1
0 = 0.08 sin (7.85 m )(0.1 m) − φ
Correct answer: 5.57042 Hz.
0 = sin(0.785 − φ)
Explanation:
0.785 − φ = sin−1 0 = 0 The frequency is
φ = 0.785
ω 35 rad/s
and f= = = 5.57042 Hz .
2π 2π
y = 0.08 sin(7.85 x + 6 π t − 0.785) .
008 (part 4 of 4) 10.0 points
What is the power transmitted by the
005 (part 1 of 4) 10.0 points wave?
A sinusoidal wave on a string is described by
the equation Correct answer: 3.24242 W.
Explanation:
y = A sin(k x − ω t) ,

where A = 0.11 m, k = 0.96 m−1 , and ω = Let : µ = 12 g/m = 0.012 kg/m and
35 rad/s.
If the mass per unit length of this string is A = 0.11 m .
12 g/m, what is the speed of the wave? The power transmitted to the wave is
Correct answer: 36.4583 m/s. 1
P = µ ω 2 A2 v
Explanation: 2
1
= (0.012 kg/m) (35 rad/s)(0.11 m)2
2
Let : k = 0.96 m−1 and × (36.4583 m/s)
ω = 35 rad/s . = 3.24242 W .
2π 1
λ = v T and T = = , so
ω f 009 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Two travelling transverse waves propagate
ω 2π ω
v=fλ= = down two long ropes under the conditions
2π k k that the linear mass density, tension, and
35 rad/s
= = 36.4583 m/s . transverse displacement amplitude for the two
0.96 m−1 ropes are the same, but that one rope has
twice the length of the other.
006 (part 2 of 4) 10.0 points If the shorter rope has a power P0 being
What is the wavelength? transmitted along its length, then what is the
 lamas (el5932) – Quiz 5: Dynamics of Waves – balasubramanya – (1402111) 5
power, P , being transmitted down the longer Explanation:
rope?
Let : t = 3.8 s ,
1. P = 4 P0
T = 21 ◦ C = 294 K ,
2. P = P0 correct T0 = 273 K , and
v0 = 328 m/s .
3. P = 2 P0
The velocity at 21 ◦ C is
1
r
4. P = P0 T
2 v = v0
T0
1 r
5. P = P0 294 K
4 = (328 m/s)
273 K
Explanation: = 340.382 m/s .
For all points, the force Fsis constant. If d is the distance to the object, the total
1 F distance traveled by the sound (there and
P = µ ω 2 A2 v where v = , so it follows
2 µ back) is 2 d , so
that if L is doubled, v remains constant and 2d = vt
P is constant. vt (340.382 m/s) (3.8 s)
d= =
2 2
010 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
= 646.725 m .
However, if the longer rope has twice the dis-
placement amplitude and half the frequency
of the shorter rope, the power transmitted 012 10.0 points
along the longer rope is: You are watching a pier being constructed on
the far shore of a salt water inlet when some
1 blasting occurs. You hear the sound in the
1. P = P0
2 water 6.24 s before it reaches you through the
1 air.
2. P = P0
4 How wide is the inlet? Assume the tem-
perature is 23◦ C, the speed of sound in air at
3. P = 4 P0
0◦ C is 331 m/s, and the speed of sound in salt
water is 1530 m/s.
4. P = 2 P0
Correct answer: 2.77604 km.
5. P = P0 correct
Explanation:
Explanation:
If A is doubled and ω is halved, then P ∝ Let : ∆t = 6.24 s ,
2 2
ω A remains constant.
v0 = 331 m/s ,
′
011 10.0 points vwater = 1530 m/s , and
A group of hikers hear an echo 3.8 s after they T = 23◦ C + 273 = 296 K .
shout. The temperature is 21 ◦ C. The relationship between the speed of sound
How far away is the mountain that reflected in air and temperature is
the sound wave? At this altitude, the speed r r
of sound in air at 273 K is 328 m/s. T 296 K
vair = v0 = (331 m/s)
273 K 273 K
Correct answer: 646.725 m. = 344.661 m/s .
 lamas (el5932) – Quiz 5: Dynamics of Waves – balasubramanya – (1402111) 6
Let the width of the inlet be d. The time
it takes the sound to reach you through the Correct answer: 1.67559 × 10−10 m.
d
water is twater = and through the air Explanation:
vwater
d
tair = , so the difference is Let : ∆P = 0.0065 Pa ,
vair
f = 15 kHz = 15000 Hz ,
d d ρ = 1.2 kg/m3 , and
∆t = −
vair vwater
vs = 343 m/s .
vair vwater ∆t = d (vwater − vair )
The pressure amplitude is
vair vwater ∆t ∆P = ρ ω vs sm
d= ∆P ∆P
vwater − vair sm = =
(344.661 m/s)(1530 m/s)(6.24 s) ρ ω vs ρ (2 π f ) vs
= 0.0065 Pa
1530 m/s − 344.661 m/s =
  3
(1.2 kg/m ) 2 π (15000 Hz) (343 m/s)
1 km
×
1000 m = 1.67559 × 10−10 m .
= 2.77604 km .
015 10.0 points
Consider a longitudinal (compressional) wave
013 10.0 points of wavelength 1.28 m traveling with speed
A sculptor strikes a piece of marble with a 4020 m/s along the x-direction through a
hammer. medium of density 3320 kg/m3 . The max-
Find the speed of sound through the mar- imum displacement of the molecules in the
ble. The bulk modulus is 5 × 1010 N/m2 and medium from their equilibrium position is
its density is 3800 kg/m3 . 1.24 × 10−10 m.
Calculate the maximum pressure variation
Correct answer: 3627.38 m/s. in this medium.
Explanation:
Correct answer: 32.6574 Pa.

Let : B = 5 × 1010 N/m2 and Explanation:

ρ = 3800 kg/m3 .
Let : ρ = 3320 kg/m3 ,
The speed of sound in marble is v = 4020 m/s ,
sm = 1.24 × 10−10 m , and
s s
B 5 × 1010 N/m2
v= = λ = 1.28 m .
ρ 3800 kg/m3
2πv
Since ω = 2 π f = , the maximum
= 3627.38 m/s . λ
pressure variation is
2 π ρ v 2 sm
014 10.0 points ∆Pm = ρ ω v sm =
λ
A sound wave in air has a pressure amplitude
2 π (3320 kg/m ) (4020 m/s)2
3
equal to 0.0065 Pa. =
Calculate the displacement amplitude of 1.28 m
the wave at a frequency of 15 kHz. The × (1.24 × 10−10 m)
density of the air is 1.2 kg/m3 and the speed = 32.6574 Pa .
of sound is 343 m/s.