PRODUCT MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL

LESSON 6:
LIMITS, FITS AND TOLERANCES

Objective:
Our objective in this lesson is to solve some more examples to
help you better.
Motivation:
By learning this lesson, you can deal with any manufacturing
and assembly problem wherein tolerances are involved.
Introduction:
In our last lesson, you have seen some basic examples on
geometrical tolerencing. Let us try to solve some more ex-
amples here..
Example 3
A medium force fit on a 75 mm shaft requires a hole tolerance i = 0.45 (D)1/3 + 0.001D, microns
and shaft tolerance each equal to 0.225 mm and an average D = (50 x 80)1/2
interference of 0.0375 mm. Determine the proper hole and =63.25 mm
shaft dimensions with the basic hole standard.
i =0.45 * 63.25) 1/3
+0.001*63.25
Solution.
=1.856 microns = 0.001856mm
Refer Figure
Now for holeH8, the tolerance = 25i = 0.0464 mm
= 0.046 mm (rationalized)
For shaft f7, tolerance = 16i = 0.0297 mm
=0.030 mm (rationalized)
(b) We know that for hole ‘H’, fundamental deviation is zero.
The fundamental deviation for shaft ’f ’ is,
= -5.5 D 0.041
= -5.5 (63.25)0.041 = -30.113 microns
= +0.030 mm (absolute)
(c) Limits of size:
Hole: Low limit = Basic size = 60 mm
It is clear with the basic hole hole standard that,
High limit = Low limit + tolerance
Low limit of hole = 75 mm
= 60.046 mm
High limit of hole = 75.225 +0.9375
Shaft: High limit = Basic size – fundamental deviation since the
= 75.2625 mm
shaft ‘f ’ lies below the zero line.
High limit of shaft = 75.2625 + 0.225
Example 5.
= 75.4875 mm.
In a limit system, the following limits are specified to give a
Example 4. clearance fit between a shaft and a hole:
Calculate the fundamental deviation and tolerances and hence
-0.005
the limits of size for the shaft and hole for the following fit : 60
mm H8-f7. The diameter steps are 50 mm and 80 mm. Shaft 30 mm dia
-0.018
Solution.
+0.020
(a) Now the tolerance unit is given as,
hole 30 mm dia
-0.000
Determine:
(a) Basic size (b) shaft and hole tolerances (c) the shaft and half
limits (d) the maximum and minimum clearance.

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18 7.233
Solution: Low limit of shaft = 25 – 0,004 = 24.996 mm

PRODUCT MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL

(a) Basic Size = 30 mm Low limit of hole = 25 + 0.01 = 25.01 mm
(b) Shaft tolerance = 0.018 -0.005 = 0.013 mm High limit of hole =25.01 + 0.006 = 25.016 mm
Hole tolerance = 0.020 mm This brings us to the end of this lesson wherein you have learnt
(c) High limit of shaft = 30 - 0.005 basics of selective assembly. I hope that you have aware of this
topic to a great extent. In our next lesson, we will deal with
= 29.995 mm
some more examples to help you out.
Low limit of shaft = 30 - 0.018
Let us now move onto some helpful exercise…….
= 29.982 mm
Exercise:
High limit of hole = 30 + 0.020
1) Calculate the tolerances, limits, and allowances for a 25 mm
= 30.020 mm
shaft and hole pair designated as H8/d8. The diameter steps
Low limit of hole = 30 mm are 24 mm and 30 mm. The multiplier for quality 8 is 25.
(d) Maximum clearance = High limit of hole - low limit of The FD for ‘d’ shaft is 16D0.44 microns. Name the type of
shaft fit.
= 30.020 - 29.982 2) Determine the types of fits produced by the following
= 0.038 mm mating of holes and shafts.
Minimum clearance = Low limit of hole - High limit of shaft (a) 30 mm H7/f6
= 30.000 - 29.995 (b) 30 mm H6/f6
= 0.005 mm (c) 50 mm P8/h5

Example 6.
A hole and shaft have a basic size of 25 mm, and are to have a
clearance fit with maximum clearance of 0.02 mm and a
minimum clearance of 0.01 mm. The hole tolerance is to be 1.5
times the shaft tolerance. Determine: limits for both hole and
shaft (a) using a hole basis system (b) using a shaft basis
system.
Solution: Referring to Figure.
Reference:
Apart from this course pack, I would like you to refer following
books for your betterment.
1) A text book of Production Engg. By P. C. Sharma
2) Production Technology by R. K. Jain
3) Production Technology by O.P. Khanna
Notes

If x is the shaft tolerance and y is the hole tolerance, then

y+ 0.01 +x = 0.02
hence, l.5x + 0.01 + x = 0.02
hence, x = 0.004 mm and y = 0.006 mm
(a) Hole basis system. The lower deviation is zero,
therefore,Low limit of hole = 25 mm (Basic size)
High limit of hole = 25 + tolerance
= 25.006 mm
Upper (High) limit of shaft = low limit of hole - minimum
clearance
= 25 - 0.01 = 24.99 mm
Low limit of shaft = 24.99 - 0.004 = 24.986 mm
(b) Shaft basis system. The upper deviation is zero.
High limit of shaft = Basic size = 25 mm

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