Hydrogen Generation

Introduction
Hydrogen has traditionally been indispensable for transforming petroleum into many of the synthetic materials
used in industrial production, such as polymers, chemicals, and pharmaceutical raw materials. Currently,
hydrogen is receiving a lot of press in the context of new applications involving renewable energy and clean
technologies. In particular, considerable R&D has been focused on the development of high efficiency home
and other distributed electrolysis systems for transportation. Industry estimates that the total market for
traditional uses of hydrogen combined with these new applications will reach $15.6 billion by 2016. Revenues
from merchant and on-site hydrogen sales will reach $2.7 billion in 2008, up from $1.8 billion in 2003, at an
average annual growth rate of 8.5%.

Challenge
Currently, 85% of the world's hydrogen is produced by steam reformation of natural gas, wherein natural gas
and steam are converted to hydrogen. Steam reformation of natural gas, however, also produces trace
amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), which remains with the hydrogen. Without expensive purification
processes, the CO becomes a poison in the hydrogen feed to the fuel cells expected to be used in vehicles,
stationary power sources and industrial devices for power production. Additionally, hydrogen produced by
steam reformation is usually generated at large chemical plants and must be shipped to the customer in large
compressed cylinders or as a liquid in a cryogenic container, further increasing cost.

Alternative compact on-site or onboard hydrogen production systems are highly desirable. One viable
process for on-site hydrogen generation is water electrolysis (the splitting of water molecules with electrical
energy), which generates hydrogen without producing greenhouse gasses or CO, and ideally would be
powered by a renewable resource such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric or nuclear energy. Compact
onboard hydrogen reformers, capable of producing high-purity hydrogen, are another pathway for Hydrogen
Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCVs).

However, both water electrolysis and onboard reformers have not yet achieved the efficiency and cost levels
required for practical applications.

Solution
Electrolysis: During electrolysis, water molecules are broken into their constituent parts using QSI nanometal
(such as Nano Ni) electrodes to produce oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). The hydrogen can be used to
power fuel cells (See How Hydrogen Creates Electric Power In A Fuel Cell); the oxygen can be stored or
vented as desired. Two types of electrolysis have been considered for hydrogen generation, acidic and
alkaline electrolyzers. Acidic electrolysis is ill suited to be the standard production method as it requires
prohibitively expensive platinum as its catalyst material. Alkaline electrolysis is a more promising approach,
since it eliminates the need for expensive precious metal catalysts, and with high surface area nano-scale
particles, the catalytic reaction is more efficient. For alkaline electrolysis, a combination of nickel and iron is
ideal because it is less costly and can easily be produced at the nano-scale level. QSI's proprietary Nano
NiFe™ coating of nickel and iron particles has been shown to improve the alkaline electrolysis process by
dramatically increasing the surface area available for the catalytic reaction that generates hydrogen, thus
increasing efficiency and production rates. QSI has demonstrated that by using its nano nickel and iron
particles (QSI-NANO NIFE™) it is possible to increase the efficiency of an electrolyzer design by several
percent by increasing the surface area of its active components. Such an increase is critical for reaching the
Department of Energy's 2012 target of 69% efficiency (based on lower heating value). Increases of more than
10% have been demonstrated. In addition to efficiency improvements, QSI's Nano NIFE™ electrode coating
permits increases of 60% to 200% in hydrogen production from the same electrode at a fixed efficiency. For
hydrogen production, the increase in production efficiency reduces the major operating cost component, the
cost of electricity consumed. The increase in production rate reduces the major capital cost component, the
cost of the electrolyzer stack. QSI has designed, constructed and operated a test alkaline electrolyzer stack
and system utilizing Nano NiFe™ coated cathodes. The stack exhibited 68% efficiency in normal operation
and has unique thermal management systems for uniform control of temperature. It is currently capable of
producing 2.8 cubic meters of hydrogen per day, or 1.8 kg per week. QSI's proprietary and scalable
manufacturing process can produce nano nickel and iron in the quantities required for large-scale commercial
hydrogen generation via water electrolysis. QSI's nano scale materials thus make it possible to meet all
current and future hydrogen needs: for industrial production, as sole fuel for next generation plug-in hybrid
electric/hydrogen and fuel cell powered vehicles.

Compact Onboard Hydrogen Reformers for HFCVs: QSI is also presently engineering a compact hydrogen
reformer for HFCV applications, capable of reforming all conventionally available fuels (natural gas, gasoline,
diesel and bio-fuels) to high-purity hydrogen. The project is funded by a grant from the National Science
 Foundation, and the goal is production of high-purity hydrogen in volumes sufficient to power an HFCV. The
technology being developed uses hydrogen- permeable membrane reactors with autothermal reforming of
hydrocarbons, capable of instantaneous startup (less than 30 seconds) and fast transient response (less than
5 seconds). The autothermal reactor is designed with mini-channels for optimized heat transfer efficiency,
while the hydrogen produced in these channels is removed continuously through a hydrogen permeable
membrane. The system is configured for production of 5 kg/week of high-purity hydrogen production, the
current DOE goal for household hydrogen systems to power HFCVs.

Inexpensive metal catalyst discovered for electrolytic

production of hydrogen from water
By Gizmag Team
06:29 May 3, 2010

18 Comments

Inexpensive metal catalyst discovered for electrolytic production of hydrogen from water.

The hydrogen economy that may one day replace the hydrocarbon economy came a step
closer this week with the announcement that researchers have discovered an inexpensive
new proton reduction catalyst - seventy times cheaper than the platinum commonly used now
- that can significantly reduce the costs of producing hydrogen using electrolysis to split water
into molecules of hydrogen and oxygen.

The important step was discovered by a team of researchers with the U.S. Department of
Energy's (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of
California, Berkeley. "Our catalyst does not require organic additives, and can operate in
neutral water, even if it is dirty, and can operate in sea water, the most abundant source of
hydrogen on earth and a natural electrolyte," said Hemamala Karunadasa, one of the co-
discoverers of this complex. "These qualities make our catalyst ideal for renewable energy
and sustainable chemistry."
Karunadasa holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab's Chemical Sciences Division and
UC Berkeley's Chemistry Department. She is the lead author of a paper describing this work
that appears in the April 29, 2010 issue of the journal Nature, titled "A molecular
molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen from water." Co-authors of this paper were
Christopher Chang and Jeffrey Long, who also hold joint appointments with Berkeley Lab and
UC Berkeley.

Hydrogen gas, whether combusted or used in fuel cells to generate electricity, emits only
water vapor as an exhaust product, which is why this nation would already be rolling towards
a hydrogen economy if only there were hydrogen wells to tap. However, hydrogen gas does
not occur naturally and has to be produced.

Nature has developed extremely efficient water-splitting enzymes – called hydrogenases –

for use by plants during photosynthesis, however, these enzymes are highly unstable and
easily deactivated when removed from their native environment. Human activities demand a
stable metal catalyst that can operate under non-biological settings.

Metal catalysts are commercially available, but they are low valence precious metals whose
high costs make their widespread use prohibitive. For example, platinum, the best of them,
costs some US$2,000 an ounce.

"The basic scientific challenge has been to create earth-abundant molecular systems that
produce hydrogen from water with high catalytic activity and stability," Chang says. "We
believe our discovery of a molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for generating hydrogen
from water without the use of additional acids or organic co-solvents establishes a
new chemical paradigm for creating reduction catalysts that are highly active and
robust in aqueous media."

The molybdenum-oxo complex that Karunadasa, Chang and Long discovered is a high
valence metal with the chemical name of (PY5Me2)Mo-oxo. In their studies, the research
team found that this complex catalyzes the generation of hydrogen from neutral buffered
water or even sea water with a turnover frequency of 2.4 moles of hydrogen per mole of
catalyst per second.

Long says, "This metal-oxo complex represents a distinct molecular motif for reduction
catalysis that has high activity and stability in water. We are now focused on modifying the
PY5Me ligand portion of the complex and investigating other metal complexes based on
similar ligand platforms to further facilitate electrical charge-driven as well as light-driven
catalytic processes. Our particular emphasis is on chemistry relevant to sustainable energy
cycles."

New material combines the strength of steel and the

moldability of plastic
By Darren Quick
00:36 March 1, 2011
 9 Comments

3 Pictures

Jan Schroers and his team have developed novel metal alloys that can be blow molded into virtually any
shape

Scientists at Yale University have done what materials scientists have been trying to do for decades –
create a material that boasts the look, strength and durability of metal that can be molded into complex
shapes as simply and cheaply as plastic. The scientists say the development could have the same impact
on society as the development of synthetic plastics last century and they have already used the novel
metals to create complex shapes, such as metallic bottles, watch cases, miniature resonators and
biomedical implants, that are twice as strong as typical steel and can be molded in less than a minute.
Unlike the crystalline structure found in ordinary metals that makes them strong but also results in them
requiring three separate steps for processing (shaping, joining and finishing), the metal alloys recently
developed by the Yale team are amorphous metals known as bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), whose
randomly arranged atoms and low critical cooling rate allows them to be blow-molded into complex shapes
like plastics. This allows the researchers to combine the three traditional time- and energy-intensive metal
processing steps into one blow molding process that takes less than a minute.
Although the different metals used to make the alloys, such as zirconium, nickel, titanium and copper, cost
about the same as high-end steel, they can be processed as cheaply as plastic, according to Jan
Schroers, a materials scientist at Yale that led the team.
The BMGs ability to soften and flow as easily as plastic at low temperatures and low pressures, without
crystallizing like regular metal is what allows the material to be shaped with unprecedented ease, versatility
and precision, Schroers said. To ensure the ideal temperature for blow molding was maintained, the team
shaped the BMGs in a vacuum or in fluid.
"The trick is to avoid friction typically present in other forming techniques," Schroers said. "Blow molding
completely eliminates friction, allowing us to create any number of complicated shapes, down to the
nanoscale."
Schroers and his team have already fabricated a wide variety of shapes and devices using the new
processing technique, including miniature resonators for microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) and
gyroscopes, but they say that is just the beginning.
"This could enable a whole new paradigm for shaping metals," Schroers said. "The superior properties of
BMGs relative to plastics and typical metals, combined with the ease, economy and precision of blow
molding, have the potential to impact society just as much as the development of synthetic plastics and
their associated processing methods have in the last century."
The new processing technique developed by the Yale researchers is described online in the current issue
of Materials Today.

New Catalyst for Electrolysis Reduces Costs by 97% and Increases Hydrogen
Production Fourfold
Posted by Ovidiu Sandru on May 19, 2010

Read more: http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2010/05/19/gridshift-electrolysis-catalyst/#ixzz1FZ6OVzyj

Hydrogen, the cleanest energy storage in the Universe, is most of the time associated
with high costs, although it is extracted from water, which is the cheapest yet the most
precious element to life. Extracting hydrogen from water is done through a method called
electrolysis, but doing electrolysis efficiently requires the usage of catalysts such as platinum,
which is very expensive.

Read more: http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2010/05/19/gridshift-electrolysis-

catalyst/#ixzz1FZ6yAAsN

GA-based GridShift Inc., funded by Khosla Ventures announced the discovery of a new water
electrolysis technology that uses no expensive metals such as platinum. GridShift brags their
technology reduces the costs with the catalysts by 97 percent, with an ounce costing just
$58, as opposed to $1700 an ounce for platinum.

“Hydrogen is a critical piece of America’s future renewable energy policy,” said Robert Dopp,
CEO of GridShift, Inc. “Our new water electrolysis process generates carbon neutral
hydrogen that is cheaper than gasoline at a fraction of the cost and size of currently
available water electrolysis hydrogen generators. We are now on the path to a truly viable
hydrogen fueled future.”

The key to GridShift’s process is a new method for coating a complex three-dimensionally
shaped electrode on all surfaces with a unique combination of readily available nano particles
that expose the catalysts to the electrolyte for efficient water electrolysis reactions and is
robust enough to withstand the rigors of electrolysis.

The result is an electrolyzer running as a full cell at 1000 milliamp per cm2 at 80% energy
efficiency. GridShift is on track to reach their goal of 85% energy efficiency, which is 47
kWh/kgH2 or $2.35 per kg of H2. Overall, GridShift’s new method for hydrogen generation
produces four times more hydrogen per electrode surface area than what is currently
reported for commercial units today.

There are also other researchers that study the efficiency of platinum catalysts, such as
Daniel Nocera from the MIT. Seeing which of these technologies will succeed will decide the
price of the future hydrogen economy.
Related to the above

Cheaper Hydrogen Obtained with Stainless-

Reducing Platinum and Adding Purification of Hydrogen Daniel Nocera’s
Steel Brush Cathode
Gold: Three Inventions That Extracted from CNG Made More Million for Deve
Increase Fuel Cell Efficiency Efficient With New Dispersed
and Decrease Price Platinum Catalyst

Read more: http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2010/05/19/gridshift-electrolysis-catalyst/#ixzz1FZ7CYozg

New Electrode Makes Hydrogen Electrolysis 10 Times Faster

There is a lot of buzz lately about a hydrogen economy. I have always been a bit
of a skeptic about this hydrogen economy, because although hydrogen is
a clean burning energy carrier, it is currently produced in a pretty dirty
way. Over 85% of the world’s hydrogen is produced by using natural
gas in a process called steam reformation.

Unfortunately this process is not very green, in fact, for each pound of
hydrogen this process makes, it produces 4 pounds of greenhouse gases
in the form of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). So, the
idea of switching an entire economy from one dirty energy carrier (oil) to a
little less dirty energy carrier (hydrogen) does not make too much sense
to me.

Now the idea of the hydrogen economy is to produce all hydrogen using
renewable energy sources, which in theory sounds great. However,
typical electrolysis is an expensive, slow, and somewhat inefficient
process and this is precisely why steam reformation is the process of
choice for producing hydrogen.

Simply put, it is cheaper and faster than electrolysis, but in no way is it greener
or cleaner. Until now the electrodes used in the electrolysis process were
made of precious metal catalyst materials making them too expensive to
compete with steam reformation.

A company called Quantum Sphere, Inc. has found a way around this little
problem by using an alkaline electrolysis process, which eliminates the
need for precious metal catalysts. In alkaline electrolysis, nickel is the
ideal catalyst because it can easily be produced at the nano scale and it is
far less costly than platinum.

The company has also invented a technique, using nano technology, to

increase the catalytic surface area of each electrode, giving them 2,000
times more surface area than its predecessors.

QSI has demonstrated that by using a blend of their nickel and iron catalyst
materials, they can achieved electrolysis efficiencies exceeding 85%,
while achieving production increases of ten-fold over all other previously
published data. Keep in mind that electrolysis is a pollution free, non CO2
emitting process.

At $1.14 to $4.09 per pound of hydrogen, this drastic improvement in

electrolysis efficiency now makes hydrogen an economically and
commercially viable replacement for our current fossil fuel economy.

With efficiencies like these, we may just see compact electrolysis units inside
future automobiles, producing on-demand hydrogen to power on board
fuel cells.
French Nickel Catalyst Promises Cheaper Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Posted by Ovidiu Sandru on December 6, 2009

Read more: http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2009/12/06/french-nickel-catalyst-promises-cheaper-hydrogen-fuel-

cells/#ixzz1FZ9fknua

Normally, fuel cells use platinum for the catalyst in splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, but
platinum is expensive and rare, and after the latest calculations, it also isn’t enough for sustaining a
worldwide hydrogen-based economy for long.

A group of researchers from France revealed some tests in this week’s issue of the journal Science that shows
how platinum can be substituted with nickel, by mimicking the process going on in anaerobic-living algae. These
have an enzyme, called hydrogenase, and use it to metabolize hydrogen. “They use exactly the same process
as fuel cells to stay alive,” says Vincent Artero, one of the scientists, working for the Commissariat à l’Énergie
Atomique near Paris.

Read more: http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2009/12/06/french-nickel-catalyst-promises-cheaper-hydrogen-fuel-

cells/#ixzz1FZA35sbI

Fuel cell electrodes made of nickel are 20 percent cheaper than those made of platinum. Since platinum counts
for about one third of the cost of a fuel cell, replacing it with something 20% cheaper could lower the entire fuel
cell’s price by a significant amount.

Nate Lewis, a professor of chemistry at Caltech, agrees. “This is an important step toward the development of a
full system that splits water from sunlight,” he says. But Lewis notes that finding a way to attach the catalysts to
a surface so that they can be used in an electrode is just one piece of the puzzle.

John Turner, a research fellow in energy sciences at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, CO
adds that, “the major barrier for hydrogen production from water and fuel cells for transportation is not hydrogen
catalysis, but oxygen catalysis.”

Nickel-based catalysts are already used in large multi-megawatt commercial electrolyzers, but these catalysts
are much less efficient than platinum ones and therefore have to be very large–typically at least 10 square
meters.

Turner notes that the current produced by Artero’s catalyst is still orders of magnitude less than can be achieved
with platinum. Artero says this can be fairly easily remedied. He notes that the nanotubes used in his team’s
experiments received only a low loading of the catalytic material. Increasing this should boost the current: “It’s a
gap that we can fill,” he says.
Replacing the expensive platinum with something else inside fuel cells isn’t something new: many scientists
have invented various methods of obtaining the same effects with much lower-priced materials, but it still
remains to be seen who is going to win by inventing the most feasible technology, and when this technology is
going to be applied for the sake of electric car owners out there, who can hardly wait their vehicle to drive for as
long as their gasoline one does, and to have the same price it has.

Read more: http://www.greenoptimistic.com/2009/12/06/french-nickel-catalyst-promises-cheaper-hydrogen-fuel-

cells/#ixzz1FZAOmdr5

What happens when you combine water with the catalyst

MnO2 and hydrogen peroxide?
by ilyandheartssemicolon | Posted in Chemistry

What happens to the water?

It was not fiery and I didn't see steam when I performed the experiment.

Water To Hydrogen Electrolysis – Extraordinary

Unbelievable
By

Tags: h2o to hydrogen electrolysis, water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen, water to h electrolysis,
Water To Hydrogen Electrolysis, water to hydrogen fuel cell, water to hydrogen generator, water to
hydrogen production, water to natural gas electrolysis, water to propane electrolysis

Water To Hydrogen Electrolysis – Directory:Hydrogen from Water – PESWiki. Hydrogen can be

generated from water by `splitting it from oxygen. . Hydrogen Power Inc – Hydrogen Now combines
aluminum water and an environmentally-friendly catalyst to . – Water To Hydrogen Electrolysis

Water To Hydrogen Electrolysis

October 7, 2010 7:12 AM PDT

India's Tata invests in MIT spin-off Sun Catalytix

by Martin LaMonic

Sun Catalytix, a start-up developing a low-cost catalyst for hydrogen-based energy system, said today
that Indian industrial conglomerate Tata has invested in the company.

Tata and Sun Catalytix's current investor, venture capital firm Polaris Ventures, put $9.5 million into
the start-up in its series B round of funding.

The investment will allow Sun Catalytix to develop prototypes of its energy system, Daniel Nocera,
the MIT professor who developed the technology and founded the company, said in a statement.
A diagram of how the Sun Catalytix fuel cell could be powered by solar panels.

(Credit: MIT)

Nocera's research has focused on designing a catalyst made of inexpensive materials to break off
hydrogen from water. Sun Catalytix envisions distributed energy where hydrogen is created by
splitting water at people's homes and fed into fuel cells to make electricity

The company says that solar panels can power the water-splitting electrolyzer that makes hydrogen.
Such an approach would make it a very clean energy system.

The investment from Tata, which is focused on IT, energy, and consumer products, is a vote of
confidence in the technology and the company, which Nocera spun off of the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology in 2008.

Early tests of the catalyst have been promising, company executives have said. Still, commercializing
the research into a marketable product is challenging, given that it relies on a number of technical
components and needs a distribution channel.

A fuel cell could be used in a number of applications. In a talk at MIT last year, Nocera hoped that the
technology would be used as an energy system in the developing world.

Sun Catalytix raised $3 million from Polaris Ventures last November and has sought federal research
loans.

Updated at 12:50 p.m. PT with corrections to technology description.

Going Green with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Cars

Hydrogen car manufacturers and prices

Hydrogen Car Manufacturers and Prices is an article that examines the current state of the hydrogen fuel cell
powered car industry, who the major players are, and when you can expect to see affordable versions of your
favorite hydrogen powered cars at your local car dealership.

Hydrogen Car Manufacturers and Prices

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are now available, with many automobile manufacturers revealing models this year
in their showrooms, but affordable styles are still about five to 10 years away.

General Motors, which currently has a fleet of six HydroGen3 vehicles in Washington, D.C., announced in
October that by 2010 it will widely develop economically viable models of the hydrogen-powered vehicle.

The largest automobile manufacture is already in the process of building a New York fleet of 40 cars under the
U.S. Department of Energy's Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project. General Motors puts a price
tag of $1 million on each HydroGen3 vehicle it will produce.

The developing technology and limited quantity of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles makes them very pricey right now.
The fuel cell energy in these vehicles operates like a battery. Fuel cells take in hydrogen and oxygen, and give
off pure water and electricity. This electricity runs the motor. The vehicles run smoothly, handle well and can
accelerate to speeds of more than 100 miles per hour.

Not until 2004 had scientists been able to develop material that can safely store and release hydrogen, and limit
the storage capacity to allow for maximum seating. Other hurdles toward mass production: The availability of
hydrogen stations with only a handful in the world, and a fuel cell vehicle can only travel 150 miles on average
before running out of hydrogen.

If the buyer takes this under consideration and has about $1 million to spend, the current hydrogen fuel cell
vehicles that are available come from top manufacturers such as Ford, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Hyundai,
Toyota and DaimlerChrysler.

Ford delivered 30 Focus Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV) in Florida in September as part of a real-world testing
program. The FCV looks and drives like other Focus sedans, but under the hood of is a sophisticated hybrid
electric engine called a powertrain. Ford is also developing the “Model U” SUV with a hydrogen internal-
combustion engine that as of yet does not have a release date.

Ford also features the E-450 shuttle bus that is to hit the industrial market next year. The State of Florida will
debut its fleet of six shuttle buses, and the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport plans to use V-10, hydrogen-
powered buses next year.

BMW unveiled its first hydrogen car – the BMW 750hl – in 2000 and has since released the MINI in 2001 and
the 745h last year. The 745h produces 184 horsepower and can achieve a top speed of 133 mph. The cruising
range is 190 miles. It is also more reliable for longer distances before fill-ups.
Mercedes-Benz has unveiled 60 A-Class “F-Cell” automobiles since the end of last year in Germany, the US,
Japan and Singapore as part of an initial test phase.

DamilerChrysler produced the first fuel-cell vehicle in 1994 with the NECAR 1, which has been followed by 20
research vehicles and prototypes. DaimlerChrysler was also the first to conduct world-wide trial phases of its
fuel-cell vehicles. The manufacturer has approximately 100 vehicles in service around the world.

Honda has the only fuel cell vehicle in regular daily operation with customers in the U.S. and Japan. It has 14
hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (called the Honda FCX) in America. The Honda FCX is the world’s first and only fuel
cell vehicle to be certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources
Board (CARB).

Hyundai’s fleet of fuel-cell vehicles is particularly small with only five produced as the Hyundai Tucson and Kia
Sportage Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs). But the Korean automobile manufacturer is looking to be a major
player in the hydrogen-car industry. They paired with ChevronTexaco to build a Hydrogen energy station at the
Hyundai-Kia America Technical Center in Chino, Calif., sanctioned by the U.S. Department of Energy.

Since the Toyota’s fuel cell hybrid passenger vehicle FCHV began in Japan and the U.S. in December 2002, 11
FCHVs have been leased in Japan and five in the U.S.

In the last year, Toyota has conducted real-world verification tests with a fuel cell bus prototype within Tokyo's
metropolitan public bus system. Toyota now has eight units of its FCHV-BUS transporting visitors between the
Nagakute and Seto areas of the 2005 World Exposition in Aichi, Japan.

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places in the US over $5 a gallon, and even higher in other locations in the world, a gasoline-free car is now
becoming a holy grail for car manufacturers...

Fuel Efficiency - Gas prices are down, some argue because it’s an election year, but odds are they will be on the
rise again soon...
Chevrolet Equinox Fuel Cell Passes 1 Million Miles

No Gasoline or Tailpipe Pollution in Reaching Unprecedented Milestone

The Chevrolet Equinox fuel cell electric vehicles passed 1 million miles of gasoline and
tailpipe pollution-free driving by homemakers, accountants, computer game designers and
others using the vehicles every day in real-world conditions.

More than 50,000 gallons of gasoline have been saved so far in the fuel cell Equinox, more
than 100 of which are part of the largest consumer fuel cell demonstration fleet in the world.
The fuel cell electric Equinox runs on electricity created by an on-board fuel cell stack. The
only emissions are wisps of water vapor.
More...

Reinventing the Automobile with Fuel Cell Technology...

GM has a history of momentous technological breakthroughs — including hydrogen fuel cell
power. General Motors has established extensive hydrogen fuel cell research and
development facilities both in the U.S. and Europe.

In New York City, Washington, D.C. and southern California GM has taken the next step
towards mass produced fuel cell vehicles.

Real people in the real world are driving a Chevy Equinox fuel cell vehicle and

• enjoying instantaneous torque,

• smooth acceleration, and
• quiet performance from a vehicle that will go nearly 150 miles per fill-up,

(1) and reach a top speed of 100 mph. Green Car Journal has given the Chevy Equinox Fuel
Cell its Green Car Vision Award®.

(2) The Equinox Fuel Cell won the award over several nominees, including the Honda FCX
Clarity and Toyota Prius Plug-In. GM has taken the technology of tomorrow and put it to use
today.

1. 200 miles of driving range based on 2007 EPA procedures. ©2008 GM Corp. Buckle up,
America!
2. Go to GreenCar.com for more information

Water Car Ebook

The most informative, and best selling water car ebooks available today.

Here at hydrogencarinfo.com, we have noticed a great amount of interest in alternative fuels. While a lot of our
information focuses on major car manufacturers, we have noticed a growing amount of interest in water car
ebooks. Water Car Ebooks are designed to provide you with instructions on how you can run your car partially
on water, saving you a lot of money on fuel costs.

Here are the most popular water car ebooks:

1. Runyourcarwithwater.com ($49.00 Convert Your Car to Run on Water) - Find out how to double your
gas mileage by running your car on water
2. Water4gas.com (Car on Water Ebook) - Water4gas in an inexpensive and relatively simple ebook you
can purchase to help convert your car into a water/gas hybrid. It uses hydrogen which also helps reduce
pollution. You can increase your gas mileage by 50%.
3. Gasforfree.com (Modify Your Car to Save Gas Using Water Ebook) - As seen on popular science and
popular mechanics magazine, this is another water car ebook that contains simple instructions on how
you can use a combination of water and gasoline to double or triple your gas mileage.
4. Drivewithwaterfuel.com (Run Car on Water Ebook) - Another popular water car ebook that shows you
how to greatly improve your fuel efficiency, which ultimately can save you thousands on fuel costs in the
long run

These are the most popular water car ebooks available today. If you are intersted in saving money on fuel,
helping the environment, or even seeing for yourself what all the hype is about, we definitely reccomend
checking out any of these ebooks. On top of this, these ebooks will also all have a return policy of some sort. If
you are not happy with your product, or even if you have trouble with the instructions, you can return it for your
money back.
No matter if you decide to convert your existing car to a car that runs on water, if you choose to purchase a
hybrid car, or if you decide a hydrogen powered car is right for you, this truely is an exciting time to witness as
we reduce our dependency on oil, help the environment, and we can do this all while giving our wallets a much
needed break.

Recently posted hydrogen car articles:

Hydrogen Car Conversion (NEW!) - Hydrogen fuel burns up to eight times more efficiently than petroleum and
there are hydrogen cars which are now for sale to the general public so the concept isn’t just a dream anymore.
Unfortunately most hydrogen cars are really expensive and out of reach of many car consumers. If you can’t
afford something in the 150K price range than a conversion is probably your best bet...

Scorpion Hydrogen Car - The V-6 Engine takes this sleek original from 0 to 200mph fast enough to make
Lightening McQueen’s tires spin. For those readers without kids, that’s another way of saying fast, really fast.
The Scorpion hydrogen hybrid can move, it’s unbelievably sexy and it’s green. Environmentally green that is,
with zero emission proprietary technology unlike any other car in the world...

FCX Clarity Hydrogen Car - Greener roads are ahead with the Honda FCX Clarity hydrogen car. This zero
emissions car uses domestic fuel to help slow the increase in greenhouse gases. With a hydrogen tank, high
performance and superior safety, the Honda FCX Clarity hydrogen car promises to be the choice vehicle of the
future...

X7 Hydrogen Car - Hydrogen fuel is one of the most compelling innovations of the 21st Century, with countless
possible future applications. We are starting to finally see hydrogen powered fuel cells used in mainstream
technology, although as of yet, many designers and manufacturers still do not realise the potential of this
technology. Thames and Kosmos, the company famous for their science kits, have recently unveiled their latest
innovation, the X7 Hydrogen car...

Do Hydrogen Cars Work - Do hydrogen cars really work? The answer is definitely “yes”. Because fossil fuels are
destined to run out eventually, hydrogen was introduced as a fuel source in a combustion engine rather than
gasoline. There are also innovators using hydrogen to create electric energy to power up a vehicle instead of
using gas. As research and development continues, hydrogen cars promise to be the green wave of the future...

First Hydrogen Car - Hydrogen, the first element on the periodic table and the most abundant element in the
universe, has powered the fusion reactions of stars for billions of years. On Earth, attempts to use it as a fuel
date back over 200 years, when Swiss inventor Francois Isaac de Rivaz used both hydrogen and oxygen gas to
power the first internal combustion engine in 1806. While Rivaz’s vehicle was commercially unsuccessful,
additional attempts were made to harness hydrogen as a fuel over the next 150 years, meeting with limited
success. In 1966 the world’s first hydrogen Car, the 1966 GM Electrovan, was built, and the age of hydrogen
cars as we know them was born...

Hydrogen Car Plans - The auto industry worldwide is facing unprecedented challenges. In addition to the
financial hits taken recently, the auto industry has also been perceived as stagnant and out of touch. Some
blame the current financial crisis of the auto industry on a lack of true innovation. Yet, innovation is taking place,
and a whole new breed of cars is on the horizon. Hydrogen powered cars are the next new thing, and they’re
coming sooner than you may think...

Honda Hydrogen Car - After years of evolution, Honda hydrogen cars are on the road. Committed to pursuing
clean energy sources, Honda put the first dedicated platform hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the market so
everyday people have the opportunity to drive them...

Hydrogen car conversion - Hydrogen-powered cars are likely a decade away from mass production, but can the
consumer really wait that long, especially in light of record gas-price increases in 2005? In what has become the
“Now Generation,” scientists and consumers alike are anxious to experience this very moment the opportunities
hydrogen-powered vehicles have to offer. They can not wait to eliminate the dependability on gasoline. They
hunger to use a fuel cell to run an electric motor, leaving the nightmares of spending more than $3 a gallon of
gasoline behind....
Hydrogen car manufacturers and prices - Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are now available, with many automobile
manufacturers revealing models this year in their showrooms, but affordable styles are still about five to 10
years away. General Motors, which currently has a fleet of six HydroGen3 vehicles in Washington, D.C.,
announced in October that by 2010 it will widely develop economically viable models of the hydrogen-powered
vehicle. The largest automobile manufacture is already in the process of building a New York fleet of 40 cars
under the U.S. Department of Energy's Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project. General Motors
puts a price tag of...

Oldies but Goodies:

Hydrogen Water Car - Gas prices are soaring. People are scrambling to make ends meet. In this difficult
economy, can you really fuel your car with water...

Ford Hydrogen Car - Like almost all of the major car manufacturers, Ford has been researching alternative fuels
and energy sources for many years...

Honda Hybrid Car - Anyone watching the recent Honda Civic hybrid television commercial is likely to want more
information...

BMW Hydrogen Car - Question: How is BMW’s new Hydrogen 7 like the hard-earned cash flocks of people are
spending to own one? Answer: It’s green!...

Electrolysis Hydrogen - As consumers and automobile drivers, we all can see and feel the horrid crunch of the
continually rising gas prices...

GM Hydrogen Car - There is a GM hydrogen car called the Sequel that is tantalizingly close to full scale
production for the many people (im)patiently waiting for a hydrogen powered vehicle...

Hybrid Cars - With fuel prices spiralling, deciding on purchasing hybrid cars has become a major discussion
point. However, although the term may indicate what a ‘hybrid car’ is, not many persons know enough about
hybrids...

Buy Hydrogen Car - Hydrogen-powered cars are catching on with major automobile manufacturers, but will
attempts to gain uneducated consumers in this new technology dissolve into thin air?...

How Hydrogen Cars Work - A Car That Runs on Water? No Longer Science Fiction! With gas now in some
places in the US over $5 a gallon, and even higher in other locations in the world, a gasoline-free car is now
becoming a holy grail for car manufacturers...

Fuel Efficiency - Gas prices are down, some argue because it’s an election year, but odds are they will be on the
rise again soon...

Archives

Hydrogen Car Info Table of Contents

Hydrogen car - Introduction and home page of Going green with hydrogen fuel cell powered cars. Page 1 of
this article will introduce you to the environmental toll fossil fules are putting on our environment.

Hydrogen Powered Car - Page two of Going green with hydrogen fuel cell powered cars gives you a basic
introduction to the alternatives available to fossil fuels.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car - Page three of Going green with hydrogen fuel cell powered cars gets to a great
possible solution to our environmental issues caused by fossil fuels, and to weather hydrogen fuel cell powered
cars are efficient and clean.

Hydrogen Fuel Car - Page four of Going green with hydrogen fuel cell powered cars provides you with some
basic technical information to how this energy works, and also includes our conclusion to this article.
 Hydrogen Generator Types
Hydrogen generator types come in three flavors. A hydrogen generator can be
a system that creates hydrogen. Or, a hydrogen generator may be a system
that is powered by H2. In a few cases, both are true.

Hydrogen Generator Plan for CARS

Insider Information Revealed on this
controversial new Hydrogen Boosting
Method Advocates say Increases Gas
Mileage and Reduces Emissions.

Alternative Energy Secrets

A step-by-step guide to creating
alternative fuels for your car.

Creates H2

A hydrogen generator that creates hydrogen comes in many different

varieties. First is the hydrogen generator for cars that creates H2 through
either the electrolysis of water or reformation or extraction of another
hydrogen-rich chemical. There is an advertiser on this website that promotes a
hydrogen generator that uses the electrolysis of water to inject hydrogen into
a vehicle's intake manifold that will increase gas mileage and decrease
emissions. Many such similar devices are also available elsewhere.

Some vehicles will use a hydrogen-rich chemical compound such as sodium

borohydride, ammonia, methanol or even gasoline to generate the hydrogen
by reformation or extraction. The resulting hydrogen fuel will then be run
through a fuel cell or internal combustion engine to power the vehicle. These
hydrogen-on-demand systems generate the H2 gas while leaving behind other
chemical compounds that will need to be sequestered and disposed of in one
manner or another (or even recycled).

Another type of hydrogen generator is a fueling station for hydrogen cars. Not
all fueling stations are generators, however. The ones that are will either
reform natural gas such as the Honda Home Energy Station IV or use sunlight
or wind-power to electrolyze water to create hydrogen. Besides the large
commercial hydrogen fueling stations, another type of station that is being
developed is the home hydrogen fueling station. These types of hydrogen
generators such as being developed by Honda (previously mentioned),
General Motors and perhaps even General Electric are meant to sit in one's
garage and generate fuel for one's car.

Another kind of hydrogen generator is commonly used in the industrial

marketplace. Hydrogen is generated for use for the electronics industry,
petroleum refineries, metals processing, glass manufacturing and
hydrogenation of food products.

Then there are ultra high purity hydrogen generators common in the medical
and research fields. This type of hydrogen generator usually uses distilled or
deionized water to create the high purity H2 for gas chromatography or other
medical and research applications.

Powered by H2

There are a couple of types of hydrogen generators that use this gas to create
electricity. One example of a small, portable hydrogen-powered generator
would be the HydroPak that is being manufactured by Millennium and Horizon
for emergency use or for remote areas where electricity is not readily
available. A larger hydrogen-powered generator such as those produced by
the Hydra Fuel Cell Corporation use the gas and a stationary fuel cell to create
electricity for a home. A company such as Hydrogenics manufactures large
industrial hydrogen fuel cells to provide power to businesses that want to go
off-grid or as a backup power system. Computer data centers are primary
targets for these kinds of hydrogen generators. In 2005, the Verizon call-
switching center in Garden City, New York converted over to a UTC Power fuel
cell for its primary source of electricity.

Both Creates and Is Powered by H2

There is another kind of hydrogen generator that both creates hydrogen and
uses the gas to create power. An example would be clean coal power plants
such as the proposed FutureGen plant or those being built in California or
Italy. This type of power plant will use coal gasification to extract the hydrogen
while sequestering the CO2. The carbon dioxide is then pumped underwater or
underground such as in abandoned oil wells for permanent storage. The
hydrogen is then used to run through a large turbine to create clean
electricity.

As one can see, a hydrogen generator needs to be defined by its function as

well as whether it is powered by hydrogen or creates the gas to generate
power or for another use. One thing is for certain, though, is that hydrogen is a
versatile element that can provide clean power coming or going. And, this is
ultimately what it is all about, now isn't it?

HYDROGEN CARS

Audi A2H2 Car

BMW HR2 Race Car
BMW Hydrogen 7
Chrysler ecoVoyager
Daihatsu Tanto FCHV
Fiat Panda Concept
Ford Airstream Concept
Ford Explorer Fuel Cell
Ford Flexible Series Edge
Ford Focus FCV
Ford Model U
Ford Super Chief Truck
Giugiaro Vadho
GM Cadillac Provoq
GM Chevy Equinox FC
GM Chevy Volt
GM Electrovan
GM H2H Hummer SUT
GM Hy-wire Concept
GM HydroGen Minivan
GM Sequel Concept
Honda FCX
Honda FCX Clarity
Honda Puyo
Hyundai I-Blue
Hyundai Tucson FCEV
Kia Borrego FCEV
Kia Sportage FCEV
Mazda 5 Premacy RE
Mazda RX-8 RE
Mercedes B-Class FCell
Mercedes BlueZero FCell
Mercedes F600 Hygenius
Mitsubishi Nessie SUV
Morgan LifeCar
Nissan X-Trail FCV
Peugeot 207 Epure
Peugeot H2Origin
Pininfarina Sintesi
Renault Scenic ZEV H2
Suzuki Ionis Mini
Think FC5 Car
Think Nordic Car
Toyota FCHV SUV
Toyota Fine-T (Fine-X)
 Volkswagen HyMotion
Volkswagen Tiguan
VW Passat Lingyu FCV
VW Space Up Blue

OTHER H2 VEHICLES

ETH Zurich PAC-Car II

Intelligent Energy ENV
Peugeot Citroen Quark
Quantum Aggressor
Riversimple Hyrban
Vision Tyrano Truck

HISTORY OF HYDROGEN CARS

2011-2010 2009-2008 2007-2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
1998-1990 1986-1807

HYDROGEN HWYs

BC Canada H2 Hwy
CA USA Hydrogen Hwy
Denmark Hydrogen Link
EU Hydrogen Hwy
Hydrogen Sweden
Japan Hydrogen Hwy
Norway HyNor Project
Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway
South Korea Hydrogen Highway
UK Hydrogen Highway

MORE INFO

Green Car Comparisons

H2ICE Cars
Home Hydrogen Fueling
Hydrogen Buses
Hydrogen Cars for Sale
Hydrogen Concept Cars
Hydrogen Electrolysis
Hydrogen Engines
Hydrogen Fuel
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars
Hydrogen Fuel Locator
Hydrogen Fuel Stations
Hydrogen Fuel Stations 2
Hydrogen Generator
 Hydrogen Generators for Cars
Hydrogen-On-Demand
Hydrogen Powered Cars
Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen Race Cars
Hydrogen Storage
Hydrogen Vehicles
HyFLEET: CUTE
Liquid Hydrogen Fuel
Project Driveway

OTHER INFO

Beyond Hydrogen Hwy

Conferences & Expos
H2 Car Blogs
Hydrogen Atoms
Hydrogen Bomb
Hydrogen Car Alerts
Hindenburg Fallacy
Hydrogen Rumor Mill

HYDROGEN GENERATOR FOR CARS H2-O2

Posted in: Cars/Motorbikes in India
Last updated: 13/01/10

Turn your car into H2O Hybrid

Run your car with water. Now combine a car with water is possible. Turn your car into a hybrid
hydrogen generator - H2-O2.
The new technology that has surprised the United States in recent months is finally in Europe.

A simple technology and environmentally friendly than you'll be able to install in your own car without
the aid of a mechanic
Advantages:

• Savings up to 50% fuel

• Reduction of CO2 emissions
• Reduction of carbon in your engine
• Reduce the temperature in the Active engine
• Increase the life time of your engine
• lower noise in the engine due to the effect of hydrogen in the fuel cycle.

• Link to this ad: http://classifieds.justlanded.com/en/India/Buy-Sell_Cars-

Motorbikes/HYDROGEN-GENERATOR-FOR-CARS-H2-O2-209299

Contact this advertiser

(0)033 434 671 704
Millennium Cell Inc.
Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies
HydroPak water-activated portable power generator
http://www.instructables.com/id/ST4PGHAFCRT3DRN/
In January 2008 Millennium Cell Inc. and Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies had announced the
completion of a pre-production version of the HydroPak portable power generator.

The HydroPak product combines Horizon's fuel cells with Millennium Cell's Hydrogen on Demand
storage technology. The Hydrogen on Demand storage technology, or HOD systems, is in a form of a
dry cartridge. Hydrogen on Demand utilizes sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a hydrogen storage
medium. It offers infinite shelf-storage life and 400 Watt hours of "instant power" by just adding
water.

The HydroPak provides the power through a common AC outlet and two USB connectors allowing
low power devices to operate for more than 16 hours when the electrical grid is unavailable.

Ammonia-Hydride Hydrogen Generator for

Portable Fuel Cell Power Systems
- J. Schmidt (Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.),
F. Lynch (Hydrogen Components, Inc.),
J. Wilkes (United States Air Force Academy),
R. Lucero (Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.), and
R. Vaughn (United States Air Force Academy)

The objective of the ammonia-hydride hydrogen generator project was to design and develop
a lightweight hydrogen (H2) generator, with high specific energy density. Primary use of the
generator would be to provide fuel for small portable fuel cell power systems.

This generator is based on the reaction of anhydrous ammonia (NH3) with lithium-aluminum
tetrahydride (LiAlH4), a process that is generically known as “ammonolysis.” Unlike
hydrolysis-based systems, the reaction of ammonia and lithium-aluminum tetrahydride is
prompt at sub-zero temperatures, which allows for hydrogen generation in cold environments.

The best engineering-scale test results of this program showed a hydrogen yield of 6.7% of
reactant mass—just over half of the theoretical maximum. Overall system yields approaching
4% have been demonstrated.

These ammonia-hydride hydrogen generators may be used with a variety of fuel cell sizes.
They are self regulating and able to generate hydrogen to follow varying electrical generation
demands from the fuel cell.

The present design is capable of generating up to about 1 standard liter per minute H2
(~100W fuel cell). This design is also flexible in terms of scaling the H2 generation capacity
up or down.

Advantages of the ammonia-hydride hydrogen generator are compactness and simplicity of

operation and safety relative to the alternatives.

Intelligent solutions™ Hydrogen generators

Compact hydrogen generator
Pure hydrogen, anywhere, anytime
Intelligent solutions™
Intelligent Energy is an energy
For further details please contact:
London, England
E: unitedkingdom@intelligent-energy.com T: +44 (0)20 7958 9033 Long Beach, California, USA E: unitedstates@intelligent-
energy.com

T: +1 562 997 3600

Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
E: unitedstates@intelligent-energy.com T: +1 505 314 8145 Johannesburg, South Africa E: southafrica@intelligent-
energy.com
T: +27 11 258 8792
http://www.intelligent-energy.com
solutions company, with proprietary PEM fuel cell and pure hydrogen generation technology
at its core. Our portfolio includes PEM fuel cell stacks and power plant systems at a range of
scales to suit a broad spectrum of applications.

These power plants are suitable for motive and stationary power applications including hybrid
vehicles, distributed generation, portable power and residential and commercial cogeneration
systems.

We offer partners the opportunity to license our technology for use in their own end products
and applications.
We operate globally, working directly with leading OEMs and public–private consortia to
develop solutions for real market applications.

Efficient and compact

Developed around steam reformation and thermo-chemical processes, our hydrogen generation
products are the most efficient, compact and light weight systems on the market today. The three key
aspects of our systems include our proprietary meso-channel architecture, integrated hydrogen
separation membrane and proprietary catalyst technology.

Fit for purpose

These technologies combined with our design for production methodology make our hydrogen
generators ideal for fuel cell power systems when weight, volume, form factor and cost are a
consideration.

Power ranges have been developed to support our fuel cell based systems from less than 20W up to
500W. Systems can be designed and manufactured for specific power requirements. Such flexibility is
also a characteristic of our larger scale Hestia hydrogen generators, giving us a unique and
comprehensive portfolio
in hydrogen generation.

Multi-fuel capability
The assortment of fuels that can be processed via our hydrogen generators includes propane, LNG, gasoline,
kerosene, diesel, bio-diesel and ammonia.

Our integrated membrane based systems can deliver up to 99.95% pure hydrogen with CO levels below 2
ppm.
Where a reformate stream is sufficient, e.g. tolerant PEM fuel cells or SOFC, our non-membrane generator
represents a smaller, more cost-effective system.

Benefits
• Remote, portable and distributed hydrogen generation
• Cost effective (e.g. low maintenance)
• Pure hydrogen production
• Multi-fuel capability
• Low environmental impact
• Quiet operation
Compact hydrogen generator
Summary Rated capacity 100W
Pure hydrogen flowrate 1.2 SLPM
Performance Pure H2 efficiency(LHV) 35%
Cold start up time 90 min
Input requirements Types of fuels Ammonia, ethanol, propane, bio-diesel, kerosene, diesel,
LNG, gasoline
Product gas details Control input signal RS232, RS485, LAN
Hydrogen purity 99.950%
System physical dimensions CO content (dry) <2ppm
Total volume 14L
Total weight 4.5kg

Sondex Freshwater Distiller

SONDEX A/S
JERNET 9
DK-6000 KOLDING
TEL.: (+45) 7630 6100
FAX. Sales1: (+45) 7550 5019
FAX. Sales2: (+45) 7553 8968
E-MAIL: INFO@SONDEX.DK

Fresh Water - Single stage

Sondex Freshwater Distiller

The Sondex freshwater distiller utilizes the heat from diesel engine jacket cooling water to produce pure drinkable water by
evaporating sea water under high vacuum, enabling the feed water to evaporate at temperatures below 48°C.

Steam can also be used as the heat source instead of the hot jacket water.

The Sondex freshwater distiller is based on two Sondex titanium plate heat exchangers, acting as an evaporator and a condenser
respectively.

Capacity 1-150 tons/day.

Features and Application
• • The Sondex multistage freshwater distiller is based on the utilization of waste heat
basically used where
• high production is required, and the energy available is limited.
• • The Sondex multistage unit is therefore only consuming about the energy of the
single-stage units.
• • The typical applications are off-shore rigs, passenger ships, hotels and other places
where the waste heat
• is limited or expensive to create.
• • The Sondex multistage units have been specially designed and fully scale tested,
before introduction to the market, in order to secure a stable and reliable production
with long service intervals, and production of very pure fresh water with low salinity.
• • The Sondex multistage units are today covering a capacity range from 50 to 500
tons/day. Therefore we can offer our customers an economical and technical solution
which is far superior to any other evaporators on the market.
• • The Sondex multistage unit is remarkable on many points and is also based on the
specially designed "vertical tube" design plates resulting in excellent water
distribution with no disturbing contact points in the boiling stage. Thus the water
scaling is very low.
• • The Sondex multistage unit operates fully automatically according to given water flow
and pressures, and requires a minimum of supervision.
• • Steam can also be used as the heat source instead of the hot jacket water.
 100% Water Powered Cars Are Still Being Developed,
But Using A Simple Technology Called Gas4Free, You Can...

Discover How To Convert Your Car or Truck To USE Water And

Gasoline, To Double, Even Triple Your Mileage!

Sagas Auto Tech Pvt.Ltd.

Authorised Agency for Gas Kit of Two Wheelers. First Time In India LPG Gas Kit Exclusively For
Honda Activa & Scooty Pep. Bachat Karo Cash Jab aap ke pass Gas Address: 1/5, Sumer Nagar,S.V.
Road, Opp. Kora Kendra,Borivali(W), Mumbai - 92 Tel No.: 28065294 / 28642319

Fuel saver
NextGen Engineering Auto Systems, Navi Mumbai.
Praveen varma 91-9324289504

The mileage booster is suitable for increasing the mileage of any petrol /
gasoline / diesel cars by around 20-40%.

This product is designed after 2 years of extensive research and tested out on
various vehicles. However it can be installed on small Diesel generator set having
engine size upto 3000 cc.

The product is made using 316 / 316 L grade stainless steel and have a life of
over 5 years.The mileage booster decomposes the water into Hydrogen and
Oxygen using power from car battery.

This small amount of hydrogen and oxygen helps the fuel to burn completely.
With this effect the vehicle experiences gain in mileage, more pick up and clean
exhaust.

Battery desulphator / cell care / increase battery life / battery

conditioner
The life of Lead acid battery is considered between 3-4 years. The major reason for loss of life
is because of sulfetion on the battery electrodes. We have an innovative solution to increase the
life of the battery to almost double.Our unit produces a unique..
 Mileage / Hydroxy booster, hydrogen generator

The mileage booster take little power from your automobile battery and generates Hydroxy gas
(combination of Hydrogen and Oxygen). This gas is being supplied to engine through air filter.
This increase the combustion inside the engine and thereby increase th..

12 Volt ultra compact system : MB102

As per our design philosophy, we prefer to install the booster within the engine compartment to
take the advantage of engine heat. Also it is required from safety point of view. In the modern
cars the car engine compartment does not have enough space to fit ..

Mileage booster
Specification of Mileage booster (MB101):Over all dimension5.5" Dia x 12.5" longNumber of
cells6 cells with 7 tubesElectrode materialSS 304, 4" tube is 1.6 mm thk and all other are 1.2
mm thkElectrode length8" longMaximum water capacity1.2 litersBattery conn..

FUEL SAVERS FOR CARS/ BIKES/ SCOOTERS RUNNING ON PETROL,

DIESEL, LPG, CNG
HHO FOR BIKE TWO WHEELER Hydrogen Generator DryCell

For dealership in India and more detail contact : satish 0091 9348499922
hhosys@gmail.com

Convert your bike , TODAY to Run on DryCell HHO system new TECH:.......

Water to gas and increase your Vehicle mileage average

Up to 40% and save fuel cost!

Water to gas kits are the latest innovation to increase mileage and power of two
wheelers, three wheelers, your vehicle will not be totally dependent on water but
it will be sorts of hybrid type.
Utilizing water as a fuel additive by converting water in to HHO gas once it is
broken down. And increase in mileage economy up to 40%. By using our kit you
are using a HHO gas it is used by engine as a supplement to help reduce your
consumption of existing fuel.

This gas is then mixed with fuel at air manifold just before it enters the engine
resulting in possible gas savings. The benefit of technology are increased fuel
mileage in some cases doubling it, increase in horsepower, better or smoother
running engine and less emission.

We designed the kits to be very easy to install

Hydrogen powered Royal Enfield

more details – royalrider.blogspot.com
Email – arun656@gmail.com
The project is done by
Arun,
Nabeel Ibrahim and
Chadrashekaran.

This is our new project to run Bullet with hydrogen power. The gas (HHO) is
produced from water by splitting the structure of water (H2O) to HHO(brown gas /
hydroxy gas). The gas mixes with fuel in the engine and creates a better
combustion leaving no carbon which gives a clean exhaust and makes the
environment green. This process also increases the power and mileage of the
vehicle and also increases the engine life. On testing we got an extra 8 – 10 kmpl.
More research and design improvements has to be done.

hydrogen(hho)water to gas kit for two wheeler vehicle

Dushyantsinh Raj 09712505959 djraj@gmail.com mktmedia9@gmail.com

Water to gas and increase your Vehicle mileage average

Up to 40% and save fuel cost!

Water to gas kits are the latest innovation to increase mileage and power of two wheelers, three wheelers,
your vehicle will not be totally dependent on water but it will be sorts of hybrid type. Utilizing water as a
fuel additive by converting water in to HHO gas once it is broken down. And increase in mileage economy
up to 40%. By using our kit you are using a HHO gas it is used by engine as a supplement to help reduce
your consumption of existing fuel. This gas is then mixed with fuel at air manifold just before it enters the
engine resulting in possible gas savings. The benefit of technology are increased fuel mileage in some
cases doubling it, increase in horsepower, better or smoother running engine and less emission.

We designed the kits to be very easy to install

N e d S t a c k P S 1 0 0 P E M Fu e l C e l l S y s t e m
NedStack sells a limited number of standard stacks and power
supply systems. Dedicated stacks are designed according to
customer specifications, using Nedstack's fuel cell simulation
software. Next to the fuel cell stacks, NedStack offers as an option
its integrated cathode gas humidifier, based on membrane
technology. With one click you can print our preliminary
specifications sheet of our following commercially available products

Nedstack is primarily a producer and supplier of stacks. The accumulated system

design know-how enables NedStack to design better stacks, and helps to support
its customers.

Fuel cell powered transportation results in low operational costs and zero
emission. Fuelled by hydrogen, their only by-product is water. Even using today's
technology, hydrogen can be made and sold at prices below that of diesel fuel on
a €/kJ basis.

Given the as yet limited availability of hydrogen fuel stations

along public roads, one needs to start off with medium sized
fleet applications. NedStack is producing PEM fuel cell stacks
for system integrators such as passenger car manufacturers,
buses, trains, inland shipping, internal and utility transport.

Buses : A fuel cell powered bus offers more passenger comfort and lower
operational costs than its conventional counterpart powered by diesel or natural
gas. And above all, a fuel cell bus is whisper silent and completely emission free!

Utility transport : Most modern city distribution trucks and garbage collecting
trucks produce too much noise and pollution, such as fine dust, at their constant
stop and go movements in highly populated areas. PEM fuel cell systems
(NedStack PS6 to PS100) are especially developed for these kinds of trucks in
order to eliminate this nuisance.

Inland shipping :

There are two different inland shipping areas in which PEM fuel cell technology is
applicable:

• Inland utility vessels

• Inland passenger ships

Currently harbour authorities show intense interest in the PEM fuel cell
technology in order to reduce the hazardous emission and noise of such vessels,
as they are sailing and as they are docked.
For inland utility vessels at long distances the PEM fuel cell
system will most likely be implemented as an Auxiliary Power
Unit (APU).

Trains : A hydrogen fuel cell train works in the following environments: Low
capacity tracks lacking an overhead power line, busy tracks with overhead power
lines, with limited power, train ranking area, with limited overhead power lines
located in highly populated areas and light weight trains in subways and city
centres.

NedStack PS100 fuel cell system is developed for maximum endurance under
'heavy duty' conditions. Its unique and patented conductive composite material is
used for the bipolar plates in the fuel cell stack. This material is much more
resistant to the corrosive environment within the cell than conventional metallic
bipolar plates. An endurance test performed by an independent research institute
has shown that the extrapolated lifetime of a NedStack fuel cell is over 20.000
hours.

Advantages:

- Zero emissions such as CO, CO2, NOx

- Zero fine dust
- Stacks are recyclable
- High system efficiency (atmospheric operation) - High power density of fuel cells

- Economic use of by-product hydrogen

- Significant decrease of power demand from grid
- Long maintenance-free lifetime
- Modules are replaceable without interruption
- No limitation in start and stop cycles
- Scalable system, optimized to local situation
- Low noise

Type 100 kW fuel cell system Nedstack PS100

Net Rated Electrical

Performance 100 kW
Power

Typical Beginning of Life

550– 900 V (DC)
Voltage Range

Operating current range 25 – 180 A (DC)

 55 – 57 % (stack) / 48 – 50
Efficiency – LHV
% (system)

>10.000 hrs (stacks);

Expected Life
>20.000 hrs (pumps)

Operational ambient
-20–+40 °C
temperature

Fuel Hydrogen

99.95 % (no sulphur

Purity
compounds)

Supply pressure 350 bar (filling pressure)

Stack Operating Pressure ambient

Maximum Consumption About 12 slpm/kW

Air delivery
Flow rate About 349 Nm3/h
system

Supply pressure ambient

Sulphur 0 ppb

Physical Dimensions 900 × 900 × 2300 mm

Mass ± 1000 kg

Emissions NOx, SOx 0

Noise @ 200 A <40 dBa

Cooling system Heat Rejection to Coolant at

About <140 kW nominal
requirements Maximum Power

Cooling method Primary de-mineralised water

Secondary normal water or coolant

Portable Power
Introducin
: a new fuel cell power generator designed by Horizon
g

The HYDROPAK is a revolutionary portable "off-grid" power device that combines

next generation PEM fuel cell technology with water-activated energy storage
cartridges. The result: clean power where and when you need it - just add water!

Horizon's HYDROPAK provides significantly more energy stored at a lower cost,

reduced weight, and smaller size then today's existing battery-based portable
emergency power devices. Its recyclable dry fuel cartridge overcomes the
logistics and supply infrastructure for hydrogen, since the HydroPAK system is
able to generate its own hydrogen when needed, once users add water to the
cartridge. No hydrogen is ever stored in the HYDROPAK or its cartridges since the
HYDROPAK produces hydrogen on request. When the system is turned off, there
is no hydrogen in the system.
The unique HYDROPAK water-activated cartridge system:
 Provides long shelf life when stored dry, with no self-discharge
 Can run indoors with no harmful emissions (no carbon monoxide, no carbon
dioxide)
 Is quieter, lighter and smaller than generators
 Stores significantly more energy than batteries at a lower cost and less weight
 At 60W-120W the HydroPAK is the world's lowest cost fuel cell portable device
The HydroPAK targets industrial, consumer and commercial markets with applications
ranging from recreational outdoors to emergency power. We are currently shipping
HYDROPAK evaluation units to professional buyers around the world and first commercial
sales are expected to start in 2010. HYDROPAK cartridges are supplied in boxes of 6 units.
To order an evaluation unit, please contact us on hydropak@horizonfuelcell.com

ElectraGen ME System

Corporate Headquarters Asia Pacific Office European Office

63065 N.E. 18th Street Tokai Building Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse 9-13
Bend Tokai Building Herten
Oregon Seksyen U8, Bukit Jelutong D-45699
97701 Shah Alam Germany
USA 40150
Malaysia

Next Generation Extended Run Backup Power Fuel Cell Systems For Telecom

The ElectraGen™ ME System is an extended run backup power fuel cell system, available in 2.5 kW and
kW configurations. These systems provide reliable backup power for telecommunications applications.

The ElectraGen™ ME System includes a fuel reformer that converts methanol and water liquid fuel into h
gas to power the unit. By generating its own hydrogen, the need for delivery and storage of bottled hydrog
eliminated.

This system is designed for reliability, long autonomy and minimal maintenance.

The ElectraGen™ ME System is the ideal solution for telecommunications towers, remote sites or other in
that require dependable backup power for the long run.

ElectraGen™ XTi System Specifications

Power Rating 2.5 kW or 5 kW

Nominal Voltage 24 or 48 VDC
Voltage Adjustable 23 to 27 VDC, 46 to 54 VDC
Size (WxDxH) 1.4 x 1.1 x 1.7 m (57 x 45 x 68 in.)
Weight (Product) 590 kg (1300 lbs)
Fuel Specification HydroPlus (methanol-water)
 -5°C to +46°C (23° to 115°F) Standard
Ambient Temperature
-40°C to +46°C (-40° to 115°F) Cold
Location Outdoor Rated
Certifications CE and ANSI/CSA FC-1
Communications 8 Dry Contacts (relays) and SNMP Ethernet

Specifications may change without notice

PowerCell will supply its Power Generator to two main market segments in the trans
industry, the Marine leisure and the Truck segment.

The Truck APU segment has a rapidly increasing need for environmental friendly power generators (APUs), mainly
anti-idling legislation in North America. All trucks with sleeper cabs require electricity during rest to power auxiliar
such as air condition, TV and kitchen appliances.

In the Marine leisure segment, the customers require electricity to power auxiliary systems. The existing solutions, d
engine based generators, have many negative characteristics such as un-healthy emissions, high levels of sound, vib
odor. Compared to existing solutions, the fuel cell generator will increase user comfort by reducing these negative
characteristics.

In addition to the segments mentioned above, PowerCell’s strength and core competence creates a significant comp
advantage in market segments such as stationary fuel cells for housing and telecom stations, range extenders for ele
power for

transport refrigeration and military applications are examples of segments with a huge potential for PowerCell’s sys

PowerCell’s intention is to offer our fuel cell stack to system integrators in non-automotive markets. PowerCell’s un
scalable fuel cell design is suitable both for reformate and hydrogen fuel cell stacks. Substantial contracts for such a
are under negotiations.

PowerCell’s PowerPac is developed for different demanding applications, both a water cooled version for marine ap
and an air cooled version for truck applications. The core technology can easily be adapted to several other applicati
segments. PowerCell is currently focusing to meet the following main milestones;

• Separate sales of fuel cell will start 2010

• Power Pac is under development

FuelConverter
PowerCell is developing a fuel converter which convert standard grade diesel into high qu
hydrogen reformate which can be used to fuel our fuel cell system.

Diesel is a complex mixture of numerous hydrocarbons, and it is this complexity that has pre
major challenge in the production of clean hydrogen for automotive applications.

The main difficulty with using diesel is to avoid soot formation of the simpler compounds, wh
same time providing sufficient energy for converting the more complex hydrocarbons in dies

PowerCell has solved this problem, by designing a system that homogeneously oxidizes the
pre-reforming chamber, while at the same time providing additional heat for converting the
complex hydrocarbons to a rich, high quality hydrogen gas mixture.

Features:

Converts commercial available fuel, such as diesel, into a hydrogen rich gas.

• Fuel infrastructure neutral

• Scalability
• Clean conversion
• Patent design

How Does it work?

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that produces electrical current

during an electrochemical reaction in which hydrogen reacts with
oxygen to form water.
A fuel cell stack is composed of several single cell units, the more cells, the more power is obtained.
Each cell is composed of several sub components. Fuel cells differ from conventional batteries in that
they consume reactant (hydrogen) provided from an external source, while batteries store electrical
energy internally. A fuel cell will generate power as long as it is supplied with fuel.

The core of our technology is a unique cell design which allows for the production of highly robust
fuel cells. These fuel cells can be fuelled by hydrogen created directly from diesel in the truck and not
just pure hydrogen from pressurized tanks. The main issue with PEM-fuel cells has always been the
ultra low tolerance to carbon monoxide (a by-product from the hydrogen production process). The
PowerCell design however, allows for carbon monoxide.

What is it used for?

The diesel engine in a heavy-duty truck is dimensioned for operation at a
high load to meet the propulsion requirements, where the normal
efficiency is above 40 percent.

Today however, diesel engines are also used to power auxiliary systems when the truck is idle and the
engine load is outside of its optimal operating range. By supplying power to the vehicle by means other
than that from main engine, it is possible to increase performance and reduce emissions.

Power Generators are also highly suitable for replacing diesel based generators, both for marine and
other stationary applications.
Benefits of PowerCell :

The Power Generator from PowerCell increases fuel efficiency while

creating both environmental and financial profits.

The use of Power Generators, based upon small diesel engines, is today the preferred alternative in the
automotive industry. These generators are limited by low fuel economy and high emissions, both of
which can be resolved by replacing the small diesel engine with a fuel cell.

PowerCell’s Power Generator is a compact and reliable system that generates electricity at a high
power density with ultra low emissions of NOx,HC,CO,SOx and PM. Our Power Generator will solve
the emission problems associated with the idle operation of trucks, while at the same time offering fuel
efficient solutions for the customers.

We lead our customers into the H2-Society by delivering the benefits

today!

Extensive research in the field of fuel cell systems for applications within the Volvo Group has
resulted in an innovative, unique and patented technology for converting commercially available hydro
carbon fuels into clean, environment-friendly electricity.

Vast investments are being made in the industry of hydrogen fuel cell systems and the results are
promising. However, the infrastructure for hydrogen is not yet available and it will most likely require
a number of decades to be thoroughly developed and established.

The unique PowerCell system will use today’s fuels, both fossil and renewable, to create clean energy.
Most hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel, gasoline, biogas and methanol can be used in our fuel cell
systems.

In addition, the Power Generator under development by PowerCell, is being designed for easy
adaptation to renewable fuels such as; di-methyl ether (DME), ethanol, renewable methanol and
biogas. When these fuels become commercially available, our customers are ready to use them. The
system bridges the gap between the infrastructure of today and that of tomorrow.

Our mission is to provide unique Fuel Cell Electric Power Systems to support customers’ use of
existing fuel infrastructures without compromising the environment.
The development of new fuel cell technology within the Volvo Group dates
from the early nineties. A world class research team has since then
reached astonishing results.

The expansion of PowerCell Sweden has been made possible by enthusiasm and confidence in the fuel
cell technology combined with the vast R&D resources of the Volvo Group. Our research and
development has resulted in a unique patented fuel cell and fuel converter technology.

PowerCell Sweden AB was founded in 2008 with the objective of bringing fuel cell and fuel converter
technology to full commercialization.

In 2009, capital investments were made in the company by Volvo Technology Transfer, Midroc New
Technology, Ocas Ventures and Fouriertransform, all major contributors in their fields and robust in
their directions for an environmentally sustainable world.

Increased environmental awareness often goes hand in hand with

economical savings.

For instance, replacing idle operation of a main engine with an alternative power source, makes it
possible to reduce emissions while at the same time lowering the fuel consumption of the vehicle.

In every step of the development and manufacturing process, care is taken to ensure the safety,
reliability and of the highest quality of the product.

Renewable fuels contribute to a more sustainable world. Anticipating this, PowerCell’s Power
Generator is being designed for easy adaptation to clean fuels such as di-methyl ether (DME) and
ethanol. When these fuels become commercially available, our customers are ready to use them.

Powercell Sweden AB on Hannover Exibition 2011, 4-8 of April.

February 14, 2011

Powercell will be present at the Hydrogen + Fuel cell exibition in Hannover. Booth no D66/3.

First fuel cell manufacturing to begin by New Year

November 20, 2010

Power Cell is now taking the step from a development company into a commercial company. Within
one year, a unique business center focused on developing, testing and manufacturing fuel cells has
been built up. Preparations for series production of fuel cells are to be completed by the New Year
with actual production beginning in 2011.

- We have a global potential customer base, where we cooperate with numerous companies in many
industries.” says Torbjörn Assarsson, President & CEO of PowerCell. Mutual confidentiality
agreements prevent revealing specific details, but customers include industries involved in telecom
stations, material processing and automotives for example.
- Further new and unexpected applications may also develop for us that even lie beyond our current
market and sphere of strategic planning.
- I am convinced that fuel cell technology is on the threshold of a wide breakthrough although the
market and this whole new industry remains dynamic. It is an exciting but demanding task of creating
a new business that I think will significantly challenge our flexibility and adaptability.
The world’s third largest industrial investment in fuel cells went to Powercell last year. As the new fuel
cell test center, the largest of its kind in Northern Europe, continues to be built up in the Hisingen area
of Gothenburg, , cross-border cooperation continues in parallel aiming at developing a new national
fuel cell cluster in Sweden.
- We are of course very pleased that our new facility will become a fuel cell center for customers,
companies, research institutes, universities and colleges, “says Torbjorn Assarsson.

Looking ahead
While PowerCell powers ahead towards fuel cell manufacturing and commercialization,, future
product development continues. For example, we are combining the fuel cell stack with our fuel
conversion processor in an APU (Auxiliary Power Unit) system for backup power of
telecommunication stations, trucks and ships when the primary engine is not operating.
- Different fuels such as diesel, gasoline or biofuels, reformed into hydrogen, drive the fuel cells . The
efficiency is high. A complete APU system will produce electricity with the only waste products being
water, heat and a reduced amount of carbon dioxide while toxins such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, carbon monoxide or particulates are completely eliminated.

“We create quiet environment-friendly electricity, period.” says Torbjörn Assarsson.

Power Cell Company Summary

Power Cell is a company in Gothenburg, which produces and sells fuel cell stacks (provide electricity
from hydrogen and oxygen) as well as develops new technology in fuel conversion and power units.
The company is jointly owned by Volvo Technology Transfer, OCAS Ventures, Midroc New
Technology and Fourier transform.

This article is published 2010-11-20 at Dagens Industri. Search for “Vätgas och Bränsleceller” or read
the article in Swedish here.

PowerCell launches Fuel cell stack platform to the market.

November 11, 2010

PowerCell’s fuel cell stack technology is based on more than 15 years of R&D work within the Volvo
Group. Powercell’s stack platform has a unique design that enables operation on either reformate or
pure hydrogen and allows for cost-effective and reliable power generation. Our strategy is providing
customers with innovative and reliable products. We work on understanding the needs of OEM’s,
system integrators and end users, and challenge ourselves to provide a flexible and environmental
friendly solution.

Powercell stack platform design

Features:
 • – Fast start up
power

• – Compact design for high power

density
• – Scalability
• – Patented design
• – Robust construction
• – High fuel efficiency
• – Liquid-cooled
• – Runs on both reformate and hydrogen gas
• – Zero emissions

Basic data:

• – RATED GROSS POWER (kW): 1 – 7

• – OPERATING AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C): 0-70C
• – DESIGNED LIFETIME 10 000h
• – CAN HANDLE GASES WITH AT LEAST 40% H2 AND UP TO 50 PPM CO

PowerCell Sweden AB was founded as a spin-off from Volvo Group in 2008 with the objective of
bringing fuel cell and fuel converter technology to full commercialization. Powercell recently moved
into a 5000 sqm facility in Gothenburg Sweden that combines laboratories, research & development
and production under one roof.

Contacts:

Mats Forsberg Stefan Thundal

Business Development Director Sales & Marketing Manager
Phone: +46 739 103704 Phone: +46 739 103741
E-mail: mats.forsberg@powercell.se E-mail: stefan.thundal@powercell.se

PowerCell and Volvo Cars have been granted research funding from the Swedish Energy
Agency
October 27, 2010
Electric cars are the most powerful tool for reducing oil dependency. An electric car with Range
Extender gives the best of both worlds. The daily runs are covered by the battery while longer trips are
supported by the Range Extender.

PowerCell and Volvo are executing a feasibility study on a 30kW Range Extender (reformer / fuel cell)
for electric cars. The advantage of a Range Extender is that it combines all the benefits of a pure
electric car with the range of a conventional car. When the car’s battery is discharged to a
predetermined level, the fuel cell starts automatically. Unaware to the driver, the car is driven by the
electric motor with the average power being supplied by the fuel cell, maintaining the battery charge.
The battery provides maximum power for overtaking. For the customer, the car always has the same
performance.

The fuel is regular gasoline, converted to hydrogen by reforming with special catalysts at elevated
temperatures. PowerCell’s fuel cell then converts the hydrogen into electrical energy, which powers
the car and recharges the battery while driving. The system is quiet and vibration free.
This unique solution allows one to fill fuel at any gas stations. The driver is not dependent on hydrogen
stations that are otherwise necessary for hydrogen fuel cell cars.

Range Extender

The combination of reformer/ fuel cell delivers extremely low emissions. In comparison with an
internal combustion engine, PowerCell’s solution shows a drastic decrease in emissions. NOx
(nitrogen oxides), SOx (sulphur oxides), CO (carbon oxide) and particulate emissions are completely
eliminated by PowerCell’s Range Extender, while providing lower fuel consumption.

With support from the Swedish Energy Agency, the first phase is now under way, which comprises of
(feasibility study) comprehensive design calculations and solutions.

Phase 2, which is pending approval, comprises a plan to build two Volvo C30 Electric Range Extender
vehicles with half of the batteries to be replaced by PowerCell’s reformer/fuel cell system. The battery
range is 60-70 km while further range is provided by the Range Extender. The cars will have the same
range between refueling as a conventional car. Volvo Cars and Power Cell have jointly applied for
grants from the Swedish Energy Agency for Phase 2.

Phase 2 has the goal to have two prototype cars based on the Volvo C30 DRIVe Electric ready for
testing in everyday traffic in 2012. The project will be evaluated and reported to the Swedish Energy
Agency at the end of 2012.

PowerCell is also developing pure hydrogen powered fuel cells for specific markets, especially for
fleets that have access to local hydrogen stations.

Thanks to the Swedish Energy Agency’s support, Power Cell and Volvo Cars are implementing the
Phase 1 feasibility study. This collaboration enhances competitiveness for both companies as well as
numerous Swedish suppliers. The automotive industry is facing the greatest transformation in
automotive history. A transformation which is exciting, necessary and high paced.

For more information please contact Mats Forsberg, Sales & Marketing Director or Torbjörn
Assarsson, President & CEO.
Swedish ministers visiting Powercell’s site.

August 31, 2010

With aim to get an update on hydrogen and fuel cells the ministers visited Powercell together with the
automotive industry, Swedish authorities, universities and branch organizations. The meeting was
organized by Vätgas Sverige.

From the left: Åsa Torstensson, Ministry of Entreprise, Energy and Communications. Torbjörn
Assarsson, President and CEO. Andreas Carlgren, Minister for the Environment.

PowerCell Sweden AB
Address:
Ruskvädersgatan 12
SE-418 34 Göteborg
Sweden

E-mail: info@powercell.se

Phone: +46 31 7203620

Telefax: +46 31 7203621

The people at PowerCell form an extraordinary team. We offer the

opportunity to contribute to the creation of a future business and to
shape the solutions for a more sustainable world.

Our team consists of people with wide backgrounds and experiences from different fields. We are
motivated by the thought of creating something extraordinary and of vital importance for the
environment.

If you would like to learn more about working at PowerCell, please send an e-mail to:
info@powercell.se
GreenHub Powerbox - Hydrogen Fuel Cell UPS 500W-
2kW
A complete fuel cell UPS power system solution!

Horizon and H2Planet are now introducing a complete suite of standby power
system that are able to run on bottled industrial hydrogen gas, or metal hydride
canisters able to store renewable energy using PEM electrolyzers. The GreenHub
line of UPS systems ranges from 500W to 2kW, and combines self-humidified PEM
fuel cells from Horizon with ltalain system engineering by H2Planet, including
innovative remote control features via GPRS using iPhones or PDAs!
 Features
 Integrated self-humidifying PEM stack
 Rubber handles for transport
 Threaded attachments for wall-
mounting
 Secure pressure system
 Quick stop access
 Programmable (weekly or standby)
 Integrated inverter DC/DC & AC/DC
 220-230V AC @50Hz (optional 110V
AC)
 12/24 DC output for battery chargers
 USB 2.0 output for electronics
 Safety sensors for H2, temperature,
and H2 pressure
 control levels

Benefits
 Zero carbon emissions
 Silent operation
 Longer lifecycle over conventional
systems
 Indoor use capability
 Anti-freeze heat recovery system
 3 output sockets in one: 12V DC, 5V
USB, 220V AC
 Auto regulating feed system with
pressure regulators
 Can use hydride canisters or
pressurized cylinders
 Compatible with our catalyzed
combustion system
 Can be integrated with various
renewable energies
 Can use industrial bottled gas
 Compact and easily transportable
 Easy to install and operate
Specifications

Options
 iGreen: GreenHub remote control (iPhone and PDA)-H2 cylinder replacement
 By-product heat recovery system duct using "GreenAir" system

 H2Swap: GreenHub on-site cylinder delivery and cylinder swapping

Technology

What we strive to achieve:

•Producing economically viable, high performance fuel cell solutions

•Solving access to hydrogen for mainstream users
•Developing scalable mass-manufacturing processes

Since late 2005, following significant cost-reduction milestones and core technology breakthroughs, we are
now actively involved in launching products in applications that can be powered by Horizon today, and
preparing those applications that will be powered by Horizon tomorrow.

Innovation is at its best and most powerful when ideas converge, when very different sciences interact with
each other. Our capability is diverse, meaning we can design complete solutions that include software,
electronics, hydrogen storage, peripherals and mechanical devices – all under one roof.

Horizon’s technological advantage resides in developing complete PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) fuel
cell power solutions delivering 0.3W to 15kW. Our PEM fuel cells are air-cooled, and self-humidified, making it
possible to offer simpler and therefore more reliable system designs. They have the additional benefit of
being one the lightest and most compact solutions on the world market.

As a result of our core materials technologies, we also offer flexible designs by being able to modify at will all
the variables of weight, conductivity, lifetime, and cost based on the specific requirements of the product to
be powered by our fuel cells. This means the range of our application possibilities is virtually endless, and
explains why we are able to simultaneously make aerospace grade 1kW PEM fuel cells that weigh only 800g,
consumer grade fuel cells for toys, education, and consumer electronics, and industrial grade fuel cells for
portable power, back-up power and transportation.

HQ : Gasanstaltstraße 2
Dresden
 D - 01237
Germany

Path to 20 kW systems

staxera and EBZ have begun a joint SOFC system development program, focusing
on high electrical efficiency and based on steam reforming of natural gas. The
commercial focus of this program is a 20 kW system with an electrical efficiency
of between 50 and 60%. The basic design will also be used to develop other
products such as systems which operate on biogas or landfill gas.

The first phase of the program involves the construction and testing of a system
demonstrator based on a peak stack power of 3 kW, using two of staxera’s
integrated stack modules (ISMs). The system demonstrator has been in operation
since September 2009, and is at present using two of staxera's 1.1 kW ISMs. This
system design is now available for purchase as a commercial product - please
contact us for details.

The second and third phases of the program involve increasing the system power
to 5 kW by including five ISMs; and then scaling up to 20 kW by using staxera's
future 5 kW ISMs.

In order to accelerate the development and marketing of the system, staxera and
EBZ welcome other partners to join their cooperation.

Please contact us for further information, or download the attached presentation

Tropical S.A.

• Business type: manufacturer, retail sales, exporter

• Product types: Hydrogen Fuel cell systems (100W to 20kW), Reformate Fuel cell
systems operating with LPG & Natural Gas(1kW to 20kW), Metal Hydride
Hydrogen Storage Tanks (25lt to 100Nm3), Hybrid power systems (Solar, Wind &
Hydrogen), Hybrid (Electric & Fuel Cell) cars,scooters & minibuses, Demonstration
& Educational products for Schools & Universities.
• Service types: design, installation, engineering, project development services,
research services, maintenance and repair services
• Address: 98 Kifisou Avenue, Peristeri, Athens Greece 121 32
• Telephone: +30 210 5785455 FAX: +30 210 5785457

Portable Fuel Cell Power Generators

Power Ranging from 300W to 3kW, stabilized 12 to 48V/DC & battery charger 12
to 48V/DC
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY & NOISELESS GENERATORS

TROPICAL S.A. presents its all new TB Series hydrogen fuel cell power systems, with nominal electric power ranging from
300W to 3kW using the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) technology. The membrane on the fuel cell stack is converting
hydrogen into electric power and the only “pollutant” is clean water. These power generators produce stabilized 12V,
24V or 48V DC (using a high quality dc/dc converter) or 12V, 24V or 48V DC as battery charger s and moreover, an inverter
can be used to produce 110V or 230V AC. Mostly designed to be used as battery charger, Uninterruptable Power System
(UPS), back-up power system, stand alone power generator providing electricity to our homes, solar
hybrid solution, several military applications and for remote applications. Its main
advantages are: quite in operation, small in size & light weight, produces zero-
emissions, minimal maintenance, reliable, stable & quick start operation.

USER FRIENDLY INTERFACE FOR EASY OPERATION & DATA

ACQUISITION

All TB - Series hydrogen fuel cell power systems are being controlled by an
intelligent controller which is operated by a 16-colored touch screen monitor. The
management of these systems is easily done through the touch screen monitor
and is fully automated. Moreover, data acquisition of the parameters can be
saved on an excel file (using a SD memory card or your memory stick directly).

MEASUREMENTS APPEAR ON THE SCREEN

• Stack Power (Watt)

• Stack Voltage (Volt)
• Stack Current (Ampere)
• Battery Voltage (Volts)
• Converter / Charger Voltage (Volts)
• Converter / Charger Current (Ampere)
• Hydrogen Leak Sensor
 • Hydrogen Pressure Sensor (Bar)
• Hydrogen Inlet Valve (on/off)
• Hydrogen Purge Valve (on/off)
• Air Stack Temperature (°c )
• Fan Air Flow Rate ( % )
• Systems Total Operating Time
• Hydrogen Consumption (lt/hr)
• Time / Date
• System Service Time
• Stack’s Lifetime

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

• FUEL CELL SYSTEM CODE : TB Series

• TYPE : PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane)
• POWER OUTPUT : 300W to 3kW
• DC OUTPUT (DC Inverter) : 12V, 24V or 48V/DC
• DC OUTPUT (Battery Charger) : 12V, 24V or 48V/DC
• AC OUTPUT (Inverter) : 110 or 230 V/AC
• HYDROGEN PURITY : 99.95%
• OXIDANT : Ambient Air
• COOLING SYSTEM : Air
• WEIGHT : 15kg (300Watt) to 50Kg (3kW)
• DIMENSIONS (mm) : L:450 x W:250 x H:450 to750

MAIN APPLICATIONS

• Battery Charger for laptops, i-pod, mobile phones, PDA’s, etc

• Military applications, Robotics, Automation, Modeling, Emergency power,
etc
• Mobile applications with alternating points of use as Outdoor events, Mobile
Traffic Signals, Solar/air/fuel cells hybrid systems
• Signal gathering and transmission, environmental data logging, security
appliances & cameras, building observation, etc
• Stationary appliances in remote regions / Remote applications
• Recreational Vehicles, Caravans, Motor Yachts & Boats, etc
• Emergency UPS power / back-up power for Telecommunication, Shops,
Buildings, etc
• Seismographs & Meteo Stations, Security, Oil, Gas, etc
• Demonstration & Research projects
URJAGHAR POWER SOLUTIONS

91-11-55251355

C-12, East Krishna Nagar

New Delhi, Delhi, India 11005-0051

UrjaGhar Power Solutions | BATTERY CHARGER | BATTERY

DESULFATOR |

POLARIS 5 www.morphic.com
APU Pure Hydrogen Power Generator5 kW
AC and DC
Morphic Exergy info.exergyfuelcells@morphic.com
Via Buozzi 53-55-57
40057 Cadriano di Granarolo (BO), Italy +39 51 675 11 29

POLARIS 5 is the new fuel cell auxiliary power unit (APU) system fuelled by
pure hydrogen to produce clean electrical power. POLARIS 5 is based on
PEM fuel cell technology to eliminate noise and vibration while maximizing
durability, efficiency and environmental friendliness. POLARIS 5 is designed
for installation and use in countless applications that require a high-quality
power source. It is available in a variety of different configurations: 230
VAC single-phase grid-connected, 400 VAC three-phase grid-connected,
and 48 VDC.

The POLARIS 5 system is a combined heat and power unit based on PEM – proton exchange
membrane – fuel cell technology. Fuelled with pure hydrogen the POLARIS 5 system is capable to
deliver 4,8 kW electricity and hot water at 60°C. The system is equipped with an electronic
converter for three different types of output supply: a single-phase 220 V, 50/60 Hz; a three-phase
380V+neutral and 48 VDC. The POLARIS 5 power conditioner transforms the electric energy in
continuous current supplied from the stack at 220 VAC, 50 / 60 Hz single-phase grid connected for
domestic use.

PERFORMANCE

Net electric power: 1 to 4,8 kW and Idle

Voltage (depend of configuration): V 220 VAC / 380 VAC + Neutral / 48 VDC
System electric efficiency at nominal power: 41%

OPERATING MODES GRID CONNECTED

Start-up time: 12 sec to 0,5 kW, 1 min to full power

Routine Maintenance Interval: 500 hr
Mass: 200 kg
MTBO: 500 hr
Locations: Outdoor
Operating temperature: 0 to 50˚C
Storage temperature: above 0˚C
Noise: 55 dBA at 1 m, Outdoor
HYDROGEN SUPPLY

Hydrogen Grade: 3.5 (EU)

Inlet pressure: 2–5 bar
Mass flow: Re-circulated
Anode stochiometry: 1,02
Fuel Consumption: 4,2 Nm3/hr at max power

COOLING – PRIMARY CIRCUIT

Water cooled: 65 °C
Circuit type: Closed circuit with circulating pump
Required water quality: DI (< 5 S/cm) – External water only required for initial fill
Water quantity: 2,5 lt

COOLING – SECONDARY CIRCUIT

Water cooled: Inlet min, 20 °C – max, 55 °C outlet min, 25 °C – max, 60 °C

Circuit type: External pump is required
Required water quality: City line
INTERFACES

Front panel: Liquid crystal display.

Communication: Rs 232 serial port for remote operation / CANOPERATING CONDITIONS

Environment temperature range for operating: 0 °C / +50°C

Start up time up to 50% nominal power:
At 0°C min < 2
Environment temperature range for depositing on the shelf: -30 °C / + 60°C
Percent of nominal power delivered at extreme temperature: 70 %

WEIGHT AND SIZE

Length: 588 mm
Depth: 925 mm
Height: 649 mm
Weight: 120 kg

SYSTEM CONNECTIONS

230 VAC SYSTEM TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Fuel type: Hydrogen

Minimum pressure of the hydrogen: 2 bar
Electric supply: 230V-50/60Hz single-phase
Operating mode: Unit in parallel grid.
Capacity of electric supply: Completely automatic from 2 kW to 4,8 kW

Thermal power: Transferred to the water that flows through a liquid-liquid heat exchanger that is part of the system.
The system is completely automatic. All relevant system data can be transferred to the acquisition system through a RS-
232, RS 485, CAN Bus port. Available data: Stack temperature, Stack current and voltage, Power, Supplied electric energy
(kWh), Operation condition, Alarms.

Expected Lifetime: 10000 Hours.

Use Dimensions Connection type
H2 1/4 inches NPT female
Co-gen IN 20 mm Water nipple
Co-gen OUT 20 mm Water nipple
Data communication: RS-232, RS 485, CAN Bus
Electrical connection: 1 ph: cables section 3x6 mm2 3 Terminal
3 ph: cables section 5x6 mm2 48 VDC: cables section 70 mm2

Morphic Exergy is a company within Morphic, a corporate group based in Sweden with a primary
business focus on renewable energy solutions. For more than a decade, the key personnel at
Morphic Exergy has amassed experience and know-how in the development of proton
exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and related systems, control and software, DC power
modules and technical support technology for global product support. On its three automatic
assembly lines, Morphic Exergy manufactures essential components such as electrodes,
membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), cells and complete stacks, sensors and controllers. A
high production capacity allows Morphic Exergy to offer its superior end products at competitive
prices.
NedStack fuel cell technology BV info@nedstack.com
P.O. box 5167, www.nedstack.com
6802 ED Arnhem,
The Netherlands

Factory:
Industriepark Kleefsewaard,
Westervoortsedijk 73,
6827 AV Arnhem,
The Netherlands
T +31 (0)26 366 4278 / T +31 (0)26 366 5129.

Type 100 kW fuel cell system Nedstack PS100

Performance Net Rated Electrical Power 100 kW

Typical Beginning of Life Voltage Range 550– 900 V (DC)
Operating current range 25 – 180 A (DC)
Efficiency – LHV 55 – 57 % (stack)/48– 50
% (system)
Expected Life >10.000 hrs (stacks);
>20.000 hrs (pumps)
Operational ambient temperature -20–+40 °C
Fuel Hydrogen
Purity 99.95 % (no sulphur
compounds)
Supply pressure 350 bar (filling pressure)
Stack Operating Pressure ambient
Maximum Consumption About 12 slpm/kW
Air delivery system Flow rate About 349 Nm3/h
Supply pressure ambient
Sulphur 0 ppb
Physical Dimensions 900 × 900 × 2300 mm
Mass ± 1000 kg
Emissions NOx, SOx 0
Noise @ 200 A <40 dBa
Cooling system requirements Heat Rejection to Coolant at
Maximum Power About <140
kW nominal
Cooling method Primary demineralised water
Secondary normal water or coolant