Thermodynamic Approach Proposed Thermodynamic Model Ref.

° kJ KD =
Adsorbent Adsorbate T(K) KD = kJ kJ ∆ S ( ) kJ kJ kJ
∆ G° ( ) ∆ H°( ) mol . K R2 ∆ G° ( ) ∆ H°( ) ∆ S° ( ) R2
KL mol mol Qmax.KL.1000 mol mol mol . K
303 0.0050 -19.2070 2313.0360 -19514.1
Crystal
Bentonite-Alginate 323 0.0332 -25.4782 64.2619 0.2761 0.9874 18452.9551 -26296.7 69.9282 0.2961 0.986 Riz
Violet
343 0.0965 -30.1864 58086.6214 -31282.3
303 1.0113 -28.3 276979.59 -31.0482
Zr-CCS/BT Methyl 0.911
313 1.0112 -28.9 -16.4 0.0394 0.9207 248862.87 -31.8160 -16.9223 0.0477 Zhg
Composite Orange 4
323 1.0109 -29.1 179803.02 -31.9896
298 0.055 -8.89 13926.00 -23.6398
CMC-Bentonite Acid 0.715
308 0.056 -9.23 -3.943 0.0162 0.594 13966.40 -24.4405 -4.5420 0.0638 Gong
Composite Fuchsin 2
318 0.050 -9.21 12345.00 -24.9077

Thermodynamic Approach Proposed Thermodynamic Model Ref.

KD = KD =
Adsorbent Adsorbate T(K) kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ kJ
Qe ∆ G° ( ) ∆ H°( ) ∆ S° ( ) R2 ∆ G° ( ) ∆ H°( ) ∆ S° ( ) R2
Ce
mol mol mol . K Qmax.KL.1000 mol mol mol . K
303 1.8325 -1.5259 1912.5580 -19.0351
Methyl 0.983
318 2.6167 -2.5432 14.3453 0.0526 0.9614 2673.1660 -20.8627 14.7448 0.1118
Orange 7
Chitosan-Saponin- 333 3.0523 -3.0896 3239.2080 -22.3785
Livy
Bentonite 303 5.8486 -4.4495 5842.1090 -21.8481
0.992
Cr (VI) 318 2.9198 -2.8330 -25.8082 -0.0710 0.9326 3000.1050 -21.1677 -41.6008 -0.0649
2
333 2.3396 -2.3534 1314.9120 -19.8825
298 1.0010 -27.2 58660.20 -27.2025
Amaranth 308 1.0112 -28.4 65124.00 -28.3831 0.848
-52.2 -0.08 0.8465 -52.029 -0.0810
Red 318 1.0098 -25.8 17647.30 -25.8525 6
Chitosan-Bentonite 328 1.0093 -25.2 10569.00 -25.2674
Dotto
Hybrid Composite 298 1.0176 -43.2 1020307.50 -34.2787
Methylene 308 1.0113 -28.9 82402.40 -28.9856 0.859
-90.5 -0.19 0.7438 -90.2984 -0.1923
Blue 318 1.0011 -29.2 62678.80 -29.2034 7
328 1.0103 -27.9 28511.00 -27.9736
CCS-PAA-BNT2 Malachite 298 1.0040 -9.79 25.61 0.1188 0.9997 71488.12 -27.6925 25.5888 0.1787 0.992 Yil
 308 1.0043 -11.00 95317.49 -29.3585
Green 7
318 1.0046 -12.16 137021.08 -31.2711
293 1.0001 -0.267 331027.20 -30.9615
Amido 0.999
CCS/BT Composite 303 1.0003 -0.797 15.78 0.0547 0.9996 485792.00 -32.9845 27.4761 0.1995 Liu
Black 10B 7
313 1.0005 -1.364 680395.10 -34.9498
298 1.0004 -0.963 1598.34 -18.2764
0.991
Cd (II) 308 1.0007 -1.791 19.78 0.0698 0.9866 1840.92 -19.2515 9.3458 0.0927
5
318 1.0009 -2.358 2025.45 -20.1291
HA-Fe-PILC Xu
298 1.0016 -3.857 3428.28 -20.1670
0.993
Pb (II) 308 1.0019 -4.930 29.14 0.0111 0.9992 5196.12 -21.9086 36.5109 0.1900
8
318 1.0023 -6.095 8673.40 -23.9745