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manufacture.
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1 ;
TOOL AND CUTTER
GRINDING
The subject of Tool and Cutter Grinding is most
complex, due not only to the great variety of tools
and cutters, but also to the various methods by
which these can be ground. There are, however,
certain basic principles which must be adhered to,
but the ultimate success of producing accurate and
correctly ground cutters depends mainly on the
skill and initiative of the operator.
We should like to take this opportunity of recording our thanks for the
information and data provided by The Carborundum Co. Ltd., Trafford
Park, Manchester, also the Universal Grinding Wheel Co. Ltd., Stafford,
and the Norton Grinding Wheel Co. Ltd., Welzcyn Garden City, Herts.
3
Practical Advice to the Operator
Though the machine may not belong to you, with it you earn your living, so treat
it kindly, keep it clean and well oiled. It will repay you with untiring and trouble
free service and a high and accurate output. Neglect it, and it will become a
nightmare to you.
THE MACHINE.
(1) Study your machine and understand the purpose and effect of every handle
and handwheel, and the value of the graduations on the handwheels or dials.
(2) Ascertain the position of every lubrication point and see that all get the
required quantity of the correct oil regularly.
(3) See that the oil in the wheclhead and the traverse gear box is maintained at
the correct level with the oils recommended by the machine manufacturers.
(4) Keep a special eye on the spindle, which should always run warm up to
a temperature at which it is just possible to lightly lay the hand on the
bearings for a short period.
(5) A spindle which runs too cool has too much clearance and will cause chatter
marks on the work.
(11) Clean out the coolant settling tank every week. At the same time clean
out the insides of the wheel guards.
______________--____--____...
c���=-=-______�.
�,______ .4.
-
"
i
Cylindrical Grinding
Tool and cutter grinding machines are not intended normally for precision cylindrical,
internal and surface grinding, although pmdsion is made for these operations to be
carried out within limitations.
A motor driven workhead is essential for cylindrical and internal grinding, and
coolant supply is recommended.
5
,\
a.-._ .)
I Internal Grinding
(See heading in italics on page 5).
(1 ) A high speed internal spindle barrel is a very delicate mechanism, very
easily damaged by abuse. The maker's instructions should be followed
faithfully with regard to quality of oil and frequency of oiling. The clearances
are carefully adjusted by the makers for it to run at its recommended speed,
departure from which will give rise to trouble. In case of trouble,
repairs and adjustments should never be attempted by the user, but the
whole barrel should be returned to the manufacturer. I
( 2) Belts must be frequently checked for tension; too much will ruin the
bearings; too little will ruin the wheel and the work and possibly spring
I
the spindle.
1
Oil on the belt and frayed belts should be guarded against.
Always use endless flax belts, never use belt fasteners.
(3) On barrels fitted with adaptor spindles, use the largest diameter and shortest
length of adaptor with which it is possible to do the job, in order to reduce
the spindle deflection under cut to the very minimum.
(4) Care should be taken to ensure that the taper shank of the adaptor and
the bore in the barrel spindle are both perfectly clean and free from oil
when assembling, and that the adaptor runs true when fitted.
(5) Use Silicon Carbide wheels for Cast Iron, Soft Brass, Aluminium etc ..
and Aluminium Oxide for Steel.
Use a medium grain size, medium to soft grade, vitrified bond, with a
medium to open structure.
1
(6 ) Internal Grinding requires a very fine in-feed, because the pressure
generated by the large area of contact causes deflection to occur in the long
slender wheel spindle, resulting in inaccurate, bell-mouthed holes if the
(7)
in-feed is at all heavy.
Use a wheel as large as possible, and not less than 3/4 the diameter of the
1
I
hole, when grinding small holes with an extended spindle.
(8) Dress the wheel lightly and often, and brush off loose grit. See page 8.
(9) Use plenty of coolant to keep the work cool and free from distortion .
6
.,.
Surface Grinding
(See heading in italics on page 5).
I
II
.il
,
(1) In surface grinding, the cross traverse is equivalent to the table traverse
on a cylindrical grinder, and similar conditions apply. A coarse traverse
up to half the width of the wheel gives a coarse surface finish, whilst a
fine surface finish requires a fine cross traverse.
(2) The down feed is equivalent to the in-feed of a cylindrical grinder, and is
applied at one or both ends of the table traverse, with the wheel clear of
the work.
(3) Use Silicon Carbide wheels for Cast Iron, Soft Brass, Aluminium, etc.,
and white Aluminium Oxide wheels for Steel.
(4) Use grain sizes No. 30 to 60 for peripheral wheels and �o. 24 to 36 for
cup wheels.
(5) Use soft grade vitrified bond wheels with an open structure.
( 6) The grade of the wheel for surface grinding is very important, as it cannot
be altered so easily by manipulating the traverse ratio and in-feed as it can
for cylindrical grinding, though increasing the table traverse rate makes a
wheel appear softer and counteracts glazing.
(7) The best results are obtained with a peripheral speed of the wheel between
4,000 and 5 ,000 surface feet per minute. The maker's recommendations
are based on 4,000 s.f.p.m. and the bond should be one grade softer for
every 1 ,000 s.f.p.m., increase above this.
( 8) Surface grinding is usually done dry, though better results can be obtained
by using a coolant. A harder grade of wheel should be used with a coolant.
�.--'""'---- e
--...
__-�-- ----
Truing and Dressing Grinding Wheels
Truing is performed on new wheels to form them to the required shape and
to balance them so that they run true without vibration.
For Rough Grinding, traverse the diamond rapidly across the face of the whet:,
with not more than .001" cut, to give an open pattern. This will make the \\hee:
act coarser and softer than it really is, so that it will remove stock rapidly.
For Finish Grinding traverse the diamond slowly across the face of the W�eei
with very little cut and produce as smooth a surface as possible. Finis:: wit:-.
several passes across the wheel face without any in-feed at all.
Locate Diamond from the high spot at the centre of the whed 12.":<.', :-i..:: 5:4:-:
the cuts from the edge; never start dressing on the face of the whtt:, :\ e':e:- :et
t he diamond dwell in contact with the wheel, but always tfd\'er5e ':!-.e .iiamond
across the face of the wheel evenly.
-
p
,;
INSTRUCTIONS.
(1) Remove the sleeve carrying the grinding wheel from the wheel spindle,
unscrew the locknut and remove outer flange.
(2) Mount new wheel, not forgetting to see that there is a resilient packing
washer on each side. If the bore is at all tight, scrape out the hole until
it is free, as forcing it on to
the centre may cause the
wheel to crack.
h
.... . _----- ----- ---,------,-------------,- j
r;
,- Dust Extraction
Standard high speed steel cutting tools should be ground on a dry machine, i.e.
without coolant.
When dry grinding, the heat generated is dissipated over a large area. If ground
with a coolant, cracks are likely to appear on the cutting edge, due to the small
area being ground and heat being absorbed too quickly. In addition, when grinding
dry, the operator has a clear yiew of the work and is therefore able to control �i
,
It should be remembered that when dry grinding, the vvheel slowly disintegrates
and the particles of dust discharged to the atmosphere are most injurious to health.
Therefore it is imperative that some effective means of dust extraction be fitted to
all tool and cutter grinders. This may be in form of multiple connection plants
or by individual units as offered \\'ith Jones-Shipman :\Iodel 310 Cutter & Tool
Grinders, as illustrated .
10
Cool ant Suppl y
If the heat generated
in grinding is likely
to be detrimental to
the work by causing
distortion or drawing
the temper of hard
ened work, a coolant
is invariably used.
If, however, there is
no danger to the
work through heat,
or if it is essential to
see the edge of the
wheel while it is cut
ting, dry grinding is
used.
The wheel acts softer
when dry grinding,
and the rate of cut
ting is higher.
\\Then a coolant is
used, a large volume
at l o w p r e s s u r e
should b e directed
on the work just
above the point
where it makes con
tact with the wheel
so that it carries away
the heat as soon as it
is generated without
being splashed ahout
by the centrifugal
force produced by the rapidly moving face of the wheel.
Another function of the coolant is to ,vash away the metal chips and discharged
grains, etc., which otherwise would lodge in the wheel face and cause loading.
'J'
Clear water is used for some operations, but usually soda or soluhle oil is added
to prevent rusting the machine and work; or oil is used alone.
V\'e recommend the following :-
Soft Steel.
{
Cast Iron or Hardened Steel Soda Water. 5 lhs. of soda to 20 gallons of water.
Soluble Oil. 1 gallon of soluhle oil to 40 gallons
of \vater.
Neat Oil. :\Iineral lard oil or special cutting oil.
Cemented Carbide Tools Soda Water. 5 lhs . of soda to 20 gallons of \vater.
(Using Silicon wheels) .
Cemented Carbide' Tools Paraffin or half paraffin and half \vater.
(Using diamond-impregnated wheels).
Oils tend to make wheels act harder and glaze or burn the work, so a softer grade
of wheel must be used with oil.
Clean Out Settling Tanks and Filters at least every week, and always when
changing from a coarse wheel to a fine one. At the same time clean the machine,
especially the inside of the wheel guards.
11
J- _____
Sel ection of Grinding Wheels
The types of grinding wheel generally used for cutter grinding are cup and saucer
wheels. A plain \vheel can be used and some tool rooms have adopted this method
but whilst we ourselves are impartial the great majority do not consider this good
practice, as by grinding on the periphery of a plain wheel hollow grinding is effected.
Grinding wheels for tool or cutter grinding must be of a soft, free cutting grade
in order not to draw the temper of the cutting edges. They should not be so
.
!
' ,
soft however, that excess wear on the wheel makes it difficult to maintain a uniform
size.
The grit and grade of wheel to be used depends on so many factors but for general
use the wheels supplied with the Jones-Shipman Model 3 1 0 (see below) are recom
mended for grinding the general type of machine shop cutters.
\' Carborundum
I'
Aloxite A46-KS- V30
Universal Bauxilite A46-L-V
\"�11j5
14" I ',\;
\ Carborundum
\ Universal
Aloxite :\.S4-MS-BF
Bauxilite AS4-M-B
1-- ;,"--
' -'
I
Norton Alundum A60-KS-VBE
'<1(k�'�4iJ'''I�'3YW
,... 4� I I
\.
I
For �o. 400
Internal Spindle
Carborundum Aloxite BA60-LS-VBLU
Universal Bauxilite A60-M-V
I
Xorton Alundum 38A60-KS-VBE
For Ko. 46
Internal Spindle
12
British Standard Marking System
ABRASIVE
Aluminium Oxide
Grain
Size
Grain
1
I
COn;bi- Grade
natIOn
Struc-
ture Bond
,
I I
1
I
Aloxite
Alundum
· .
I
1
A
A
8
10
1
I
a)
'"
1
F 0 a)(/) I
1 a)�
· . I-
Bauxilite
I A a)
(/)
12 �
0 3
G
Ci
-0:9
a) 0
· .
I
.' �
I-
� 14 I
...
.�
0
H 2 :-e .S
... rf)
a)
:r:.
I
.�
0 16 , I ;>0:::
Blue Aloxite · . BA 5 II II
a)
.!� 20 c 7 J 3 ;>�
I 24 ti: K 4
I
White Aloxite AA 9
��I
· .
S"@
Alundum No. 3 8 · . 3 8A 30 --- E �
).
White Bauxilite WA E 36 L 6 5 ...
u
· .
;:l 2 a)
:\I 7 ,.!:l�
1===== 1 �
a)
46 ,.!:l-
Silicon Carbide � 54 8
-'1
60
Carborundum C P 9
Crystolon Ko . 37 .. 37C 80
1 00 Q 10 5
<:.> 0.
U nirundum .. C 1 1 0 ...<l.)
==__
____
__
__
__==___ �1;5 1 20 oj
��lS0 -0
R 12 �
39C I
Green Carborundum GC .... Ci.i
180 oj
:r::
S II
Green Cn'stolon :\0. 39 T [fJ.
________ __ , I220
�. 240
I .5
<:.> 280
. �
>-.320
:v 400
;>
500
600
13
j
". "
Aluminium
Cylindrical Carborundum Vitrified C363 L5 VG
Surfacing (Cups and Cylinders) Carborundum Vitrified C24 15 VG
YT Process
� Internal Carborundum Vitrified C46 J5 VG
YT Proress
Brass
Cylindrical Carborundum Vitrified C36 L5 VG
Internal Carborundum Vitrified C46 J5 VG
Surfacing (Cups and Cylinders) Carborundum Vitrified C30 J5 VC
Broaches
Sharpening Aloxite "AA" Vitrified AA60 K5 V1l
Bronze (Soft) Sec Brass
Bronze (Hard)
Cylindrical Aloxite Vitrified BA463 L5 VBIX
Internal Aloxite Vitrified HMO L5 VBIX
Cams (Rough Forging)
Roughing Aloxite Vitrified A30 T V6 "
f
14
RECOMMEN DATIONS
Universal Grinding Wheel Company Ltd. Norton Grinding Wheel Company Ltd.
v "
� "
Abrasive First Range of ' ;: '" � Abrasi,'e Bonding
and Bond Selection Grits and Grade 1:.)
'"' 0
Trade Process
() �
]\!lark
White Bauxilite Vitrified \\'A60KV 46-80 K-JVI 38A60 JVI5 VBE Alundum Vitrified
White Bauxilite Vitrified WA60JVIV 46-60 L-� 38A60 :'\5 YBE Alundum Vitrified
White Bauxilite Vitrified VrA60KV 46-60 J-L 32A70 :\15 VBE Alundum Vitrified
White Bauxilite Vitrified WA46KV 36-6() J-JVI 38A46 K5 YBE Alundum Vitrified Il
White Bauxilite
'Vhite Bauxilite
Vitrified
Vitrified
WA46JV
WA90GV
46-80 I-K 38AS4
38A60
JS
H8
VBE
VBE
Alundum
Alundum
Vitrified
Vitrified II
'" '''hite Bauxilite Vitrified V,'A60-JVIV 46-60 L-N 38A60 JVIS VBE Alundum Vitrified
i
1
Bauxilite Vitrified A46JVIV 46-60 1\1 AS4 JVIS VBE Alundum Vitrified
15
\
J,-- ------ -- ��
-----.
! Reamers
I
Backing off Aloxite "AA" Vitrified AA60 J5 V8
Cylindrical Aloxite Vitrified BA60 N5 VBLU
!, Fluting Aloxite Rubber A60 R R
Steel (Hardened)
Cylindrical Aloxite Vitrified BA463 K5 VBLU
Surfacing (Cups and Cylinders) Aloxite "L'J A 24 IS VL-]
Surfacing (Straight Wheels) Aloxite Vitrified BA46 IS VBLU
I
"1'
Internal Aloxite Vitrified 60 L5 VBLU
Steel (Soft)
Cylindrical Aloxite Vitrified BA463 L5 VBLL'
Surfacing (Cups and Cylinders) Aloxite "L" A 24 J5 VL-]
Surfacing (Straight Wheels) Aloxite Vitrifei d BA46 J5 VBLU
Internal Aloxite Vitrified BA60 N5 VBLU
Taps
Relief Grinding Aloxite "AA" Vitrified AA60 J5 V8
Fluting (Large Taps) Aloxite Vitrified A60 N5 V30
Fluting (Small Taps) Aloxite Rubber A60 R R
Shanks (Cylindrical) Aloxite Vitrified BA463 L5 VBLU
16
r Cemented Carbide Tools & Cutters
The off-hand or machine grinding of tipped tools can be performed by using either
silicon carbide grinding wheels or diamond-impregnated wheels. Diamond-impreg
nated wheels are used extensively for resharpening carbide tools, both single poin
ted and multi-tooth cutters, such as milling cutters, etc., and are recommended
because of the higher accuracy and perfection of finish obtained. They are fast
and free cutting and have a slow rate of wear.
When new tipped tools require reshaping it is preferable to grind the rough form
first with a silicon carbide wheel and finish grind by using a diamond-impregnated
wheel. It is possible to finish grind with a fine grained silicon wheel but a much
better result will be obtained by the diamond wheel.
Diamond-impregnated wheels are available in three types of bonds:-
Resinoid Bonded. These wheels are recommended for grinding milling
cutters, reamers or other multi-tooth cutters. They are also suitable for
,
cylindrical, internal and surface grinding of carbide dies, gauges, etc.
! Metal Bonded. Suitable for off-hand grinding of single pointed tipped tools.
l Vitrified Bonded. Used primarily for roughing of chipped or very dull tools.
I They are also supplied in several different grades to suit a variety of work. The
grades vary for different types and shapes of wheels.
General Instructions for using Diamond-impregnated Wheels.
,I
Penetration of tungsten carbide by diamond wheels is easy, therefore excessive
pressure of feed will tear out the diamond particles, cause glazing or loading.
Always oscillate the tool across the face of the wheel. If the tool is held stationary
against the wheel face, heat will be generated and probably a groove will be worn
in the wheel.
The speed of the wheel for off-hand tool grinding should be 5 ,000 to 6,000 surface
feet per minute with a hand pressure of 5 to 7 lbs. For cutter grinding a wheel speed
of 5 ,500 surface feet per minute is recommended with depth of cut between .00025"
and .00 1 " .
CLEARANCE ANGLES.
These differ from cutters manufactured of high speed steel, but all recognized
manufacturers of cemented carbide tools supply charts for regrinding, with their
cutters. These should be strictly adhered to.
,
COOLANT FOR SILICON CARBIDE WHEELS.
Cemented carbide tools can be ground either wet or dry, but it is essential that if a
coolant is used, a copious flow be directed to the tip, thus keeping a constant tem
perature. Do not allow coolant to drip on to the tip when grinding as the
inconsistency will cause cracking. Never plunge a hot tool into coolant or irreparable .f
damage will be caused.
The coolant, if used, should be a solution of soda and water.
18
\4
Grit (vitri- G nt
.
� & ;:l
� �
"0
..0 ...
....
0 fied) 0 � Grade w
-- -- f---- -----
--- ---------- --- -----f----
TIPPED TOOLS
Off-hand Grinding
(Cup Wheels).
Roughing (dry) · . GC60 JS VG C46 LV 39 C60-J 7V
Roughing (wet) · . GC60 JS VG C46 LV 39 C46-K 7V
Semi-Finishing (wet) · . C60 JV 39 C90-K 7V
1 Finishing (dry) · . GC120 JS VG CIOO IV 39 CIOO-I 7V
Finishing (wet) · . GC120 JS VG CIOO IV 39 C220-I+ 9V
Off-hand Grinding
(Peripheral).
Roughing (dry) · . GC60 KS VG C46 LV 39 C60-J 7V
Roughing (wet) · . GC80 J+S VG C46 LV 39 C60-K 7V
Finishing (dry) · . GC120 JS VG CIOO IV 39 CIOO-J 7V
Finishing (wet) · . GC120 JS VG CIOO IV 39 CIOO-K 7V
Machine Grinding
(Tool & Cutter). · .
Cylindrical Grinding
Roughing · . · . GC60 JS VG C46 LV 39 C80-K 7V
Finishing · . · . GC120 JS VG CIOO IV 39 CIOO-K 7V
Surface Grinding.
Roughing · . · . GC60 JS VG C46 LV 39 C60-J 7V
Finishing · . · . GC120 JS VG CIOO IV 39 C90-J 7V
19
------ --- - --
Grinding Wheel Speeds
Wheel speeds are specified in surface feet per minute (s.f. p.m.) and these can be
figured from the following formulae:-
12
OPERATING SPEEDS.
The following table gives the Lp.m. for various size grinding wheels in surface
feed per minute (s.f.p.m.).
Diam. of
Wheel in 4,000 Ft. 4,500 Ft. 5,000 Ft. 5,500 Ft. 6,000 Ft. 6,500 Ft.
Inches
---- ---- ----- ----- ---- -----
20
Clearance Angles
The most important point in cutter grinding is producing the correct relief hehind
the cutting edge. This varies slightly according to:-
(2) The diameter of the cutter and its relative number of teeth .
There are no hard and fast rules for determining the amount of clearance, but
the folLlwing angles may he taken as a guide:-
I
Cast Iron 4° to 7°
Soft Brass, Bronze and Copper 10° to 1 2°
Medium and Hard Bronze 4° to 7°
Aluminium, Magnesium, Plastics, etc. 10° to 1 2°
I
, I
The above angles are for average cutters between 2" and 6" diameter. They
may be reduced slightly for larger cutters and increased for small endmills, etc.
21
Setting Gauges
� !
r:
The basic principle of all set ups is for the operator to first set the tooth to be
ground at the same height as the centre of the cutter, and then lower the tooth
at an angle equal to the clearance required. This principle applies to all cutters
for grinding both the peripheral and side faces; except that the method of meas .,
;
The illustration above shows two of the height gauges provided :-the gauge "A"
which is common to the 4" height of centre, and the gauge "B" which clamps to the
i
I
top of the wheelhead and carries a stop collar which is set to correspond with the
f,
centre line of the wheel spindle.
( 1 ) By linear setting (2) By using the clearance angle setting gauge on the
tailstock or graduations on the cutter head. These methods are outlined on the
following pages.
22
1
I
Linear Setting
Raise or lower the wheelhead until the tips of the height gauges are level, as shown
on the previous page. (This means that gauge "B" will now be in line with the
centre of the cutter).
Lower the wheelhead by the amount shown in the Clearance Angle Setting Chart
on page 27. Each division on the wheelhead elevating handwheel on the grinding
machine is .00 1 " .
-
CLEARANCE
ANGLe.
.�Y�-r ---
'
I
Drop the tooth to be ground on to the top of gauge "B" and set the tooth rest
under the tooth to be ground as illustrated helow.
Remove gauge "E" and grind with the front face of the cup wheel, indexing from
tooth to tooth until the whole cutter has been sharpened.
l'
23
Cl earance Angle Setting Gauge
The clearance angle gauge is a graduated carner bracket which fits to the left
hand tailstock and can be adjusted radially through approximately 1 5° (see
illustration below).
The grinding ,,;heel centre is set at the centre height by means of setting gauges
"A" and "B" as described on page 22. The height gauge "A" is removed and
the cutter mounted on a mandrel between the tailstock centres. One of the teeth
is then set to rest on the tip of the height gauge "B."
The setting gauge (2) is set at zero and the carrier (1) is clamped on to the mandrel
by the knurled screw (4). Remove height gauge " B ." The setting gauge (2) is
then rotated through the required angle, and locked by the knurled screw (3).
The tooth rest is then set under the tooth to be ground and the carrier (1 ) un
clamped. Grinding then proceeds, indexing from tooth to tooth .
, '
24
Direct Setting from Cutter Head
Vv'hen the cutter is mounted on a stub arbor in the cutter head the clearance angle
can be obtained direct from the graduated dial (C) on the workhead spindle (see
illustration below).
The tooth to be ground is centralized by means of gauges "A" and "E" as for
setting with the clearance angle as described on previous page.
The reading is noted on the graduated dial and the spindle rotated the requisite
number of degrees. The spindle is locked by the knurled scre\y (D) whilst the
tooth rest is set under the tooth to be ground. \'"hen in position, unlock knurled
screw (D) and commence grinding.
If an inJexing drum (see page 26) is used for dividing; \yithdraw indexing plunger;
set the tooth on the centre line by means of gauge; note reading on dial and rotate
the spindle through the requisite number of degrees and lock in position by
screw "D."
Adjust index drum p lunger until it engages in one of the ro\y of holes in the drum
to give the correct number of divisions corresFmding to the number of teeth on
the cutter. Release screw "D" and commence grinding.
25
Tooth Rests
For large cutters with widely spaced teeth the tooth rest blade is made of stout
material and is spring loaded to give the necessary movement when indexing
from tooth to tooth. With all Jones-Shipman Cutter and Tool Grinders this
1
type of rest is provided with screw adjustment to the blade for ease of setting.
For grinding cutters with spiral or angular teeth a cranked rest is provided to fit
around the edge of the wheel. (See diagrams on page 35). Alternatively a wide
blade can be used.
,
Sometimes the fine pitch of the teeth and varymg shapes of the cutters may
necessitate making a special spring blade, to clear the wheel when grinding.
The tooth rest holder can be clamped in various positions, to suit the type of cutter
being ground. For straight teeth it is customary to clamp to the table or Cutter
Head, but for spiral or angular tooth grinding, it must be fitted to the wheelhead
and the table stop set so that the cutter does not run off the blade, but is brought
back clear of the wheel to the same side each time for indexing.
Indexing
The general form of indexing is by
resting each tooth successively on to
a fixed tooth rest, but for cutters
with straight teeth or where the
clearance for insertion of the tooth
blade is limited, it is better to index
by means of the cutter head. To do
this an indexing attachment can be
supplied which can be easily fitted
to the cutter head.
The graduated dial on the cutter head can also be used when the number of teeth
is readily divided into 3600 but this method is much slower and leaves a possibility
of error on the operators part.
26
d
1
Cl earance Angle Setting Chart
Table for setting the tooth rest below the centre to obtain the correct clearance
angle when grinding milling cutters, etc., with a cup wheel. (See page 23 for
Linear Setting).
I C���r I
n_
_I_ch_es � ____ �______ �_____ ' ______�_____�______L-____-L____�
�_ ��
___ ----�
-.:2. 1 .021 -----'.-'-'°2---.:6_1 ---.:
.0_
3 °_ __ .034 .042 .OS2
_--",-t_ .01 9 .026 _'0_3_ 2 _ _ ---':'0-,--38,,-----. 1 _--'.-'--04-'-'S_
I
__ S =-
.0-'--
'-'- 1 _-- 1 _--'.-'--06:-.-4'-- 1 .076
1 .026 � 0_
34 . °--'-
'-'-43"-_-- 1 _--'.-'--°5:..:2=---.1 _--'-.°:...:6'-'-°_ .068 .086 . 1 04
_ __
1
1 :,,-
__=:.:
_ -
,' _1�.�0� 32 .043 . O S4 .064 .076 .086 . 1 08 . 1 28
_--=:12'-!_1 _.:..:.·0=-=9-3 _ �.-,--
05:..2=---
.: 1 _:·..::65=---_ 1 _...:·::..,
0-=- 0 -:.
/ 8=--- .: 1_1 __
.: 1 _-,--·0:.9--=: · 1 O_4 1 _._ 0_1
1 3_ . 1 54
1
__
2! I
--- ---- 1 ----- ----
.058 .078 .098
1 ----
.117
----- 1 ·-- ---
.136 1 .156 . 1 96 .234
--- I
2�
21
.065
.072
.087
.095
----1-'.-'--1O.:...:8'-- �.__=:.:13:...:0'--1
.119 .144
�_'1
. 1 67
__ _
.1_ 74_ _�
. 1 90 .239
1 7,--,, _-,--.26-,--
. 2.:...:
.288
:-=-
0_ ,
1_....:.3:2t_ i
.084 .113
H'-- I ........:.::..,09.:...:1=---. I _....:.·:...:12:..:2'--
=-'
,--.-,--14---.:1'--1 . 1 69_
.152
___
.182 .213
.2_
. 1 98
.243 I .304 1
26_ 1_.�.2-=-83=---. I __·_
___ 3_
. 364
3 8_
.1
_
i
1 _.....:3::..:.<1,---
-4�-i .104
.097 .131 . 1 63 _:.. : 9::.5.._ 1 �.:::..22=8=---
. 1--,- .261 1_:..:
. 278 ! . 348 1 _-
:: 2::.6.._:---=.-=-
. 3:::.. 90=__
3 .:. ..: _
1
.139 . 1 74 .208 .243 . ·4- 1- 6
---- 1 --- ------ ---
____
_
_�4!,-- . 1 1 1 .148 _.1 85 .222 .258 .295 .370 .444
_::...5_ . 1 30
1
4�,--I_:...::l__=:.:
_.:..-'
4! _
7 1_....:..-=-
1 =---_
. 1 2-±- .165
. 1 74
5 6=--- 1 _....:..'1-9....:.6
1 '-
.206
.217
.23_5_
.248
.260
__ _ .273
.288
.304 ' . 347
.312
.330
.391
.41 3
. 43 5
.470
.496
. )- 2 2
___ 1 --_- ___ ___
1 ---- I ____ _____ _____ _
----
I
___
27
Reamer Cl earance Table
(Vertical adjustment of tooth-rest).
This table should only be used if the reamer cannot be cylindrical ground and
where the "land" is being ground using a cup or saucer wheel in the manner
described on page 42 for grinding the clearance angle.
-- ,.
1
r
Hand Reamer for Hand Reamer for Chucking Reamer for
Steel. Cast Iron and Bronze. Cast Iron and Bronze.
SIZE Land of Cutting Land of Cutting Land of Cutting
OF Clearance .006 Wide Clearance .025 Wide Clearance .025 Wide
REA- ----------- --- -----
MER ! Vertical Vertical I
Vertical Vertical IVertical Vertical
I
DIA. Adj""m,,,, Adju"m,,,vAdju"ment Adju"m,nt AdjuMm,nt Adj,,"m,,"
I I
for Cutting for Second for Cutting 'for Second for Cutting for Second
Clearance Clearance Clearance Clearance Clearance Clearance
---- ----- ----- --------- -----
I
1 "
2 .012" .052" .032" .072" .040" .OSO"
5"
"8 .012" .062 .032" .072" .040" .090"
3"
4 .012" .072" .035" .095" .040" . 1 00"
7"
"8 .012" .OS2" .040" . 1 20" .045" . 1 25 "
1" .012" .092" .040" . 1 20" .045" . 1 25"
I J8 " .012" . 1 02" .040" . 1 20" .045" . 125"
IJ"4 .012" . 1 12" .045" . 1 45" .050" . 1 60"
I1t"
8 .012" . 1 22" .045" . 1 45" .050" . 1 60"
1 �" .012" .1 32" .04S" . 1 68" .055" . 1 75"
I i8 " .012" . 142" .050" . 1 70" .060" .200"
I1t"
4 .012" . 1 52" .052" . 1 92" .060" .200"
1 18 " .01 2" . 1 62" .056" . 1 96" .060" .200"
2* .012" . 1 72" .056" .216" .064" .224"
2-t"8 .012" . 1 72" .059" .219" .064" .224"
2t" . 01 2" . 1 72" .063" .223" .064" .224"
2;)8 " .012" . 1 72" .063" .223" .06S" .22S"
2J2 " .012" . 1 72" .065" .225 " .072" .232"
212"
8 . 01 2" . 1 72" .065" .225" .075" .235"
214t" .012" . 1 72" .065 " .225" .077" .237"
22" 8 .012" . 1 72" .070" .230" .OSO" .240"
3" .012" . 1 72" .072" . 232" .080" .240"
I '
3! , .012" . 1 72" .075" .235" .OS3" .240"
3 -4-1 -" 0 1 2" . 1 72" .07S" .23S" .OS3" .243 "
3r ' .012" . 1 72" .0SI" . 24 1 " .0S7" .247"
3 -l2 " .012" . 1 72" .OS4" .244" .090" .250"
3 128 " .01 2" . 1 72" .087" .247" .093 " . 253"
31t"
4 .01 2" . 1 72" .090" .250" .097" .257"
3 28 " .012" . 1 72" .093" .253" . 1 00" .260"
4" .012" . 1 72" .096" .256" . 1 04" .264"
4! ,' .012" . 1 72" .096" .256" . 1 04" .264"
4 4J -" .012" . 1 72" .096" .256" . 1 06" .266"
418t" .012" . 1 72" .096" .256" . 1OS" .26S"
4f' .012" . 1 72" . 1 00" .260" . 1 08" .26S"
4 "-"
8 .012" . 1 72" . 1 00" .260" . 1 10" .270"
414t" .012" . 1 72" . 1 04" .264" . 1 1 4" .274"
4]8 -" .01 2" . 1 72" . 1 06" .266" . 1 1 6" .276"
5" .01 2" . 1 72" . 1 10" .270" . 1 1S" .27S"
28
l
Cl earance Angle Settings
For Angular Cutters.
This chart enables the cor
rect settings for the swivel
adjustments of the cutter
head to give the required
clearance angle for angular
cutters to be obtained. If
the clearance angle re
" quired is 5°, and the cutter
angle is 1 5 °, reading the
�, intersections on the chart
below gives the following
readings : Angle of tilt
�
5° I 10° I 15 ° I 20° I I
22 � ° 25°I 30 ° I 3 5 " I 40 °I 45 ° I
Angle of Tilt (J0 _ 6 ' (J ° - 1 2 ' (J " - 1 8 ' (J"-1 8 ° 1 0"-24 ' ()0_24 , (J "-30 ' 0°_36 ' (J°-3 6 ' ()0_42 ,
--yo::(j'
1° 1 0 (J , � 00-54 ' (f;-54 ' --yo::(j' 0 0 -5 4 ' 0"-48 ' (J0-48 '- () o -42 '-
-
Axial Roll
-- --
Angle of Tilt (J0 - 1 2 ' 0°-1 8 ' (J0 -30 ' � �, �, 7'lT' 1 °_ 1 2 ' 1 "- 1 8 ' 1 "_24 '
2° Axial Roll 2 ° _ O ' �' 1 "- 54 ' 1 "-54 ' 1 "_ 48 ' 1 °-48 ' 1 "_42 ' 1 °_36 ' 1 ° - 3 0 ' --YO:-24 '
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Angle of Tilt 0"-1 8 ' 0°_30 ' 0°-48 ' 1 " - () ' 1 °-1 2 ' 1 °_1 8 ' 1 ° -30 ' 1 ° - 42 ' 1 ° -54 ' 2°_ 6 '
3" Axial Roll 3 0- (J ' � 2"_5 4 ' 2 ° - 48 ' 2"-48 ' 2°_42 ' 2"_ 36 ' 2°_30 ' 2"-24 ' 2°_ 6 '
--- ---
Angle of Tilt 0°-1 8 ' 0°-42 ' 1 "- () ' 1 -24 ' 1 "_ 3 0 ' 1 °-42 ' 2"- 0 ' 2"_ 1 8 ' 2°_36 ' 2 ° _48 '
4° Axial Roll 4 °_ 0' 3 °_54 ' 3 °_54 ' :1 "-48 ' 3 °_42 ' 3 "-36 ' 3 ° -30 ' r-1 8 ' � 2°_48 '
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- •__r
Angle of Tilt 0"-24 ' 0°-54 ' 1 ° - 1 8 ' 1 " -42 ' 1 °-54 ' 2 - 6 ' 2 " - 3 0 ' 2°-54 ' 3 ° _ 1 2 ' 3 ° - 3 0 '
5° Axial Roll 5 °_ 0 ' 4°-54 ' 4"-48-' 4 °_42' 4"-36 ' 4 -30 ' 4"_1 8 ' 4°_ 6 ' 3 "-48 ' 3 °-30 '
--- ---
6°
Angle of Tilt
Axial Roll
0"_30 ' 1 "- 0 ' 1 "-36 ' 2 ' - 6 ' 2 ° - 1 8 ' 2 u - 3 0 ' 3"- 0 ' 3 "_30 ' 3 ° -54 '
6°_ 0 ' 5 °_54 5 °_48 " S ' -36 ' S " -36 ' 5 "_24 ' 5 " - 1 2 ' 4"-54 ' " 4"_36 ' 4 ° _ 1 8 '
'
�I
--- ---
Angle of Tilt 0"-36 ' 1 °_ 1 2 ' 1 ' -48 ' 2 " _2 4 ' 2 -42 ' 3°_ 0 ' 3 " - 3 0 ' 4"_ () ' 4°_3(J , S " - 0 '
7" Axial Roll T- O ' 6"_54 ' 6°_48/ 6"_ 3 6 ' 6 -3 0 ' 6 '-24 ' 6°_ 6 ' 5 °-48 ' S O-24 ' �'
Angle of Tilt 00-42 ' 1 "-24 ' 2°_ 6 ' 2°_48 ' 3 ° _ 6 ' 3 ' -2 4 ' 4 '- () ' 4°_ 3 6 ' 5 ° _ 1 2 ' 5 °- 3 6 '
1
8° Axial Roll 8 ° - 0 ' 7 °_54 ' 7"-42 ' 7 " - 3 0 ' 1'-24 ' 7'- 1 8 ' 6 °_5 4 ' 6 °_3 6 ' 6° _ 1 2 ' 5 °_36 '
1
Angle of Tilt 0°_48 ' 1 ° -36 ' 2°_24 ' 3- 6 ' 3 ' -30 ' 3 °_48 ' 4 ° _ 3 0 ' 5 ° _ 1 2 ' 5 "-48 ' 6 ° -24 '
9° Axial Roll 9"_ 0 ' 8°-54 ' 8 ° -42 ' 8 -3 0 ' S O_ I S ' 8 ' - 1 2 ' 7 °-4 8 ' 1" -24 ' 6°_54 ' 6°_24 '
--- ---
Angle of Tilt ()0_ 54 ' 1 °_48 ' 2°_ 3 6 ' 3 °_30 ' 3 °- 5 4 ' 4°_ 1 8 ' 5°_ 6 ' 5 °_48 ' 6°_3 0 ' 7 ° _ 6 '
10 ' 1 0 °_ 0 ' 9°-54 ' 9°_42 ' 9°-24 ' 9°-1 8 ' �' 8 °_42 ' SO- 1 2 ' 7°-42 ' r:-6'
1 Axial Roll
Angle of Tilt 1 °_ O ' � � �', � � � 6 °-24 ' �' �
11° Axial Roll 1 1 °· 0 ' 1 00_ 4S ' 10°·36 ' 10"·24 ' 1 0" · 1 2 ' 10 °· 0 ' 9°.36 ' � S O _30 ' 7 ° ·4S '
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
1 2°
Angle of Tilt
Axial Roll
Angle of Tilt
1 1
1 °· 6 ' 2 °· 6 ' 3 ° · 1 2 ' 4°· 1 2 ' 4° .42 '1 5 °· 1 2 ' 6 °_ 6 ' 7 °· 0 ' 7°_4S ' 8 °_3 6 '
1 2"_ 0 ' 1 1 ° _48 ' 1 1 ° . 3 6 ' 1 1 "_ 1 8 ' 1 1 ° _ 6 ' 1 0 '.S4 ' 1 (J o-24 ' 9 ° -54 ' 9°_1 8 ' 8 ° -3 6 '
.
1 °· 1 2 ' 2°_I S ' 3 °·24 ' 4°_3 (J ' 5 ° · 6 ' 5 ° ·36 ' 6 °·36 ' 7°·36 ' 8 °·30 ' 9 °· 1 S '
13 ° Axial Roll 1 3 ° · 0 ' 1 2°.48 ' 1 2°.3 6 ' 1 2°. 1 8 '1 1 2_°. 6 ' 1 1 °. 48 ' 1 1 ° . 1 8 ' 1 0°.42 ' 1 0°_ 0; 9°· 1 8 '
1
Angle of Tilt 1 °· 1 2 ' 2°_30 ' 3 °·42 ' 4 ° · 5 4 ' 5 °.30 ' 6 °. (J ' T· 6 ' 8°_ 6 ' 9 ° · 6 ' 1 (J°· 0 '
1 4° 1
Axial Roll 1 4°_ 0 ' 1 3 °-48 ' 1 3 ° · 30 ' 1 3 0. 1 2 ' 1 3 °_ 0 ' 1 2 °-42 ' 1 2 ° · 1 2 ' 1 1 °·30 ' 1 0 °. 48 ' 10°· 0 '
(
15 °
Angle of Tilt 1
1 °_ 1 8 ' 2 °· 42 ' 4 °· 0 ' 5 °· 1 8 ' 5 ° _ 5 4 ' 6°.30 ' 1 "·36 ' 8°·42 ' 9 °·48 ' 1 0 ° _ 42 '
A"iBi R oll i �o. () ' 1 4 °_ 4 R ' 1 4°·30 ' 1 4 °.1 2 ' 1 1 °·� 4 ' 1 3 °. 42 ' 1 3 °· 6 ' 1 2 °·24 ' � 1 0°- 42 '
. -----���---
Grinding Peripheral Teeth on a Side and
Face Mil l ing Cutter
(5)
· .�
Set cutter to required clearance angle, (Fig. 2)
using angular setting gauge as illustrated on
'I page 24.
I
I (6) Set tooth rest under first tooth to be ground and unlock angular setting
gauge. Where possible place rest under side teeth, as this gives greater
clearance between the wheel and tooth rest, also it places the screw adjust
ment "A" on the rest in a convenient position.
(9) Adjust grinding wheel centre height with height setting gauges as described
on page 22.
( 1 0) Mount cutter on arbor and place in cutter head to which an indexing attach
ment has been fitted.
( 1 1 ) Rest cutter tooth on top of gauge and lock cutter head spindle in position.
( 1 2) Remove gauge. Adjust knurled screws until plunger engages the indexing
drum. (See page 26).
30
FIG 2
31
I
•
Grinding the Side Teeth on a Si de and
Face Mil l ing Cutter
( 1) Mount cutter on arbor and place in cutter head. It will be found advantageous
if sufficient packing is placed at the back of the cutter to allow the wheel to
pass behind it. This ensures both side faces are always ground parallel to
each other.
(2) Set table graduations at zero, i.e. table set parallel to table movement.
(3) Swivel cutter head (90C) until centre line of arbor is at right angles to table
movement and lock in position (Fig. 1).
I
I
(4) Tilt cutter head spindle until the required clearance angle is obtained. (Fig. 2
shows cutter head set to give a clearance of 6°).
(5) Bolt tooth rest holder to bottom tee slot on cutter head and adjust tooth
rest until it positions the first tooth to be ground parallel to table top. This
is a visual setting.
(6) Adjust wheelhead height to cover tooth to be ground but missing the tooth
above. (Fig. 2).
(8) Mount cup wheel in inverted position on extension spindle. ( Figs. 1 and 3).
(9) Tilt cutter head spindle until required clearance angle is obtained. Mi
a
gram opposite, wheelhead requires a movement of 1 2° from previous setting
to give a clearance angle of 6°).
( 1 0) Remove tooth rest from cutter head and bolt tooth rest holder to table,
adjust tooth rest until it positions the first to be ground parallel to the table
top. (Visual setting) . It is necessary to bolt tooth rest to table when wheel
head is in this position as the wheel would foul the tooth rest holder if it
was taken from the wheelhead tee slot.
32
1
I
C'.T'"
� �-
-
--- � = = � �-�J_� -
. ,L - t -'-w
r
'T_ 1 --r
T
'.!
�_���1J
__
FIG I
-f·1r:l/jl.i
c-r-
rd
�
f
6° L __ _
,I
--- ,I ; --
+--- - - =-=-
--=- --+--
1
I
LL - -:
I
y... FIG 2
I
,- - -
r --�I - - -
HG 3
33
. --
Grinding Helical Mil ling Cutters
(2) Turn wheelhead until it is inclined at IO ta the table and lock in position.
This prevents grinding on both sides of the wheel when the cutter passes
in front of it.
(3) Set table graduations at zero, i.e. table set parallel to table movement.
(4) Adjust grinding wheel centre height with height setting gauge as described
on page 22.
(5) Bolt tooth rest holder to wheelhead and set tooth rest to spiral angle of cutter.
Set point of tooth rest which is opposite cutting edge of wheel on centre
line of table centres.
( 1 0) Set table graduations at zero, i.e. table set parallel to table movement.
( 1 1 ) Adjust grinding wheel centre height using height setting gauges as described
on page 22.
( 1 2) Bolt tooth rest holder to wheelhead and set tooth rest to spiral angle of cutter. .. .
Set point of tooth rest which is opposite cutting edge of wheel an centre . �
line of wheelhead.
( 1 3) Bolt centre height gauge to wheelhead, rotate cutter until point on acute
angle side of cutter is in contact with tip of the gauge. This point of cutter
is now on its own centre line.
( 1 4) Lock angular setting gauge to mandrel with gauge set at 0°; rotate cutter
to required clearance angle and lock in position.
( 1 5 ) Lower wheelhead until tooth rest is on the same level as cutter tooth, with
the cutting edge of the wheel opposite the acute point of cutter tooth, unlock
setting gauge, start wheelhead motor and commence grinding.
34
=
,
t
--- gg
FIG I
I
ACUTE ANGLE OBTUSE ANGLE
SIDE OF SIDE OF
CUTTER CUTTER
(5) Bolt height gauge to \\heelhead, adjust height of \vheelhead until tip of gauge
is level with the centre of the arbor. (This is judged visually).
(6) Traverse table until tip of gauge is under tooth, rotate cutter bringing tooth
in contact with gauge and lock cutter head spindle in position.
(7) Remove setting gauge, unlock spindle. Rotate cutter head spindle to the
required clearance angle and lock in position \vith knurled screw "A."
(8) Rotate cutter head at 'base swivel' until spindle is parallel to table (Fig. 1 ) .
Bolt tooth rest to table top and adjust until it i s under the first tooth to be
ground.
(9) Unlock cutter head spindle, start wheelhead motor and commence grinding.
36
)
FIG 1
��&
�\
(
r----F
I � J"'� "
.1
,�' : :] 1\
r I-
f-
i
i
___
I
I
I.
l'
iI i
I
I
I·
F===T
I,
I
�.
� i �
� J
�
10° 1 1 c 120 1
1_
1 3 °
1 __
He
'
15°
__ __
Angular . swivel . . / 36 05 2 ' 41 049 ' 47 ° 1 0 ' 5 3 0 8 , 1 60 8 4 ' 68° 5 8 ' 90° 0 '
Base SWiVel . . \ I
Grinding Angl e Cutters
(1) Set table graduations a t zero, i.e. table i s set parallel to table movement.
(2) Mount cutter on stub arbor and place in cutter head to which an indexing
attachment has been fitted.
(3) Rotate cutter head at base swivel an amount equal to half the included angle
of the cutter. (Fig. 1).
(4 ) Tilt and rotate cutter head spindle an amount corresponding to the required
clearance angle and lock in position. (Values and method of setting obtained
from chart on page 29).
(5) Position height of wheelhead until its centre line is approximately at the
same height as the centre line of the cutter (Fig. 2). Turn knurled adjusting
screws on indexing attachment until plunger "A" (page 41) engages with
indexing drum.
(6 ) Unlock cutter head spindle, start wheel head motor and commence grinding
(7) Position height of wheelhead until its centre line is approximately at the
same height as the centre line of the cutter (Fig. 2).
(8) Bolt tooth rest holder to table and adjust tooth rest until it is under the first
tooth to be ground. (Fig. 3 ) . '!II
(9) Unlock cutter head spindle, start \yheelhead motor and commence grinding.
38
1
FIG I
39
)
Grinding the F l utes on Form Cutters
(See page 48 for Form Grinding)
..
(1) Set table graduations at zero, I . e., table set parallel to table movement.
(2) Rotate wheelhead 5° clockwise. Bolt diamond holder to table top, adjust
height of wheel head until its centre line is on the same level as the diamond
and true wheel. This method prevents hollo\y grinding.
(3) Set wheel head square to table and lock In position ( Fig. 1 ) .
( 4) Mount cutter on arbor and place in cutter head to which an indexing attach
ment has been fitted. Set plunger "A" in appropriate holes in indexing drum.
(5) Traverse table to clear cutter from wheel. Place set-square on table in a
position where the edge of the square coincides with the centre of the arbor. •
(Fig. 1 ) . (Yisual setting).
(6) Feed table forward with cross-feed handwheel until edge of square touches
face of wheel (Fig. 2 ) . T raverse table until cutter is directly below wheel,
lower wheel head until wheel has entered flutes sufficiently to cover the form
of the cutter (Fig. 3).
+0
1
- -=t
.
.�
".. I I�. -- -
.
I
,
----
' -E-+--\! � FIG 3
FIG 1 FIG 2
B B
I
\ !
\ __"i
41
J
Reamer Grinding
Hand and machine reamers with straight and spiral flutes are manufactured
slightly oversize and therefore all that is necessary to resharpen is to grind in the
flutes. This is quite simple when dealing with straight fluted reamers as this
can be carried out in the same manner for grinding Form Cutters described on
page 40. For spiral fluted reamers an attachment is recommended similar to the
Hob Grinding Attachment on page 46. This ensures that the correct spiral angle
is maintained. It can however be accomplished without an attachment but this
depends upon the skill of the operator.
As the "land" of the reamer should be betvieen .006" and .008" wide, the reamer
will eventually become undersized due to constant grinding, therefore for economy _ow
it must be ground to the next nominal diameter or as desired. To do this efficiently
it should be carried out in the following manner ;-
(1) Grind the reamer diametrically.
(2) Grind the cutting clearance angle.
(3) Re-grind lead angle.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING.
For this purpose the machine must be equipped with a motorized cutter head.
Cylindrical grind in the normal manner using the periphery of a plain grinding
wheel. It is important to note that the reamer must rotate in a direction to allow
the heel of the land to strike the wheel first.
If the cutter head is not motorized and cylindrical grinding is out of the question,
it is possible to grind the clearance angle using a cup wheel in the same manner
as for grinding the relief clearance angle. In which case the clearance tables on
page 28 for the "land" and the relief clearance angle should be used. It should
be stressed that this method is not to be recommended where cylindrical grinding
is available.
il"'l
(1) Set table graduations at zero, i.e. table set parallel to table movement.
I! (2) Rotate wheelhead until it is inclined at 5° to table. Bolt diamond holder
,
��, (3) Turn wheelhead through 1 C to prevent grinding on both sides of the
wheel and lock in position. If \vheel fouls the tailstock or shank of reamer,
turn wheel head a greater amount to clear.
(4) Adjust height of wheel head with height setting gauge as described on
page 22. Bolt tooth rest holder to wheelhead, adjust tooth rest until it
is on the centre line of the wheelhead, with the tooth rest blade at the
same spiral angle as the reamer.
( 5) Place reamer between centres. When grinding small diameter reamers
it will be found necessary to grind the left hand tailstock centre into
a half centre.
(6) Lower wheelhead an amount corresponding to the required clearance
angle and diameter of reamer. (Values obtained from chart on page 27).
(7) Start wheelhead motor and commence grinding.
N.B.-For grinding the lead angle, swivel table the required amount .
. 42
1
: • '"
Ii�" \
j-
�/ /
� - ----+----
i
/
FIG 3
43
Reamer Grinding-continued.
(4) Mount reamer between tailstock centres. Lower grinding wheel into
flutes on reamer until the required cut is obtained (Fig. 6). Turn wheel
head until wheel is in line with spiral and remove reamer from tailstock
centres.
(5) Set protractor to the cOPlplementary angle of that formed on the wheel
(74°) and place on table in line with the tailstock centre. (Fig. 5). Posi
tion table with traverse movement to bring protractor in line with
centre of wheel spindle and adjust cross feed until straight edge of
protractor touches the wheel.
Note �Height of wheelhead must not be disturbed after this setting.
(6) Replace reamer between centres, start wheelhead motor and then
traverse the table, at the same time turning by hand the reamer fol lowing
the spiral, keeping the edge of the flute to be ground against the grinding
-
wheel.
44
--it . .
TAI LSTOCK CENTRE Y/ FIG 5
45
Hob-Grinding Attachment
Index plates are provided for changing the number of flutes per hob and change
gears are used to vary the spiral lead.
Method of Operation.
( 1 ) Mount saucer wheel on
extension spindle in an
inverted position (Fig. 2).
(4) Mount hob on mandrel and place between centres of hob attachment
and tailstock.
(5) Set gears on attachment to give correct lead on hob and rotate wheel head
an amount necessary to follow that lead. (Values obtained from hob attach
ment setting chart supplied with attachment) .
-
(6) Lower grinding wheel into flutes on hob until required cut is obtained. (Fig. 3).
Remove mandrel and hob from centres.
(7) Set protractor to the complementary angle of that formed on the wheel (74C)
and place on table in line with the tailstock centre. (Fig. 2). �
Position table with traverse movement to bring protractor in line with centre
of wheel spindle and adjust cross feed until straight edge of protractor touches
the wheel.
Note-Height of \vheelhead mu.st not be disturbed after this setting.
(8) Replace hob between centres, start wheelhead motor and commence grinding.
Note-Apply feed with knurled adjustment screw on attachment and not
by cross feed hand wheel.
Straight fluted hobs can be ground without the use of a Hob Grinding Attachment
in the manner indicated for grinding form cutters, see pages 40 and 41 .
46
l
[
\
47
- _.'_._
.. -
'Ii
I
Radial Grinding
and Wh eel Forming Attachment
This attachment has been designed for the Jones-Shipman Tool and Cutter
Grinding Machines, but can be supplied with a base to suit all standard types of
Tool and Cutter Grinding Machines having an adjustable cross slide and swivelling
wheelhead.
Every consideration has been given to all forms of cutters, including roller mills,
end mills, side and face, concave and convex cutters, within the capacity of the
attachment.
THE BASE
is adjustable so that the face of the cup wheel can be used ; the clearance rake
being obtained by tipping the hinged platform to the required angle, which is
maintained through the full angle of swing.
48
-----
---�- --- --
49
Tap Relief & Flute Grinding Attachment
i
,. The cam shaft is housed in the fixed portion of the head, with two cams provided.
These transmit an oscillatory motion to the spindle and tailstock on the rocking
frame. The handwheel on the cam shaft when continuously turned allows each
land of the tap to be relieved according to the predetermined amount and automa
tically indexed at each flute. The indexing of the tap allo\vs for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 8
divisions, and is set to any of these by means of change gears.
The Work Spindle is of hardened and ground steel, threaded on its nose and bored
1\0. 2 1\1. T. and has a #" diameter clearance hole through to take long shank taps.
..
50
Lathe & Planer Tool s
(High Speed Steel)
The grinding of Lathe and Planer
Tools can be carried out off-hand on
Tool Grinding Machines having ad
justable angular tool rests. Off-hand
grinding however is not recommended
on Tool and Cutter Grinders, although
in a case of expediency it can be accom
plished by using in the case of the
Jones-Shipman Grinder a Universal
Vice fitted with a compound tool
rest. (Fig. 1 ) .
The correct method o f grinding high
speed steel Lathe and Planer tools is
to surface grind these on a Tool and Fig. 1
Cutter Grinder using a universal ma
chine vice (Fig. 2), to obtain the correct
cutting angles and relief. The machine
should be equipped with coolant
supply as a copious flow of coolant is
recommended.
Great stress should be laid on the adop
tion of correct and uniform methods
of grinding lathe and planer tools for
production work. Each tool should
be designed for a particular operation,
drawings should be made of the tool
and the grinding machine operator
should work according to these
drawings. Fig. 2
A thin edged tool cuts more easily and generates less friction than a thick edged
tool, distorts the chips less and gives greater freedom to their removal. However,
the edge must be thick enough to carry a heavy cut at suitable speeds and the
point must be of sufficient width to stand the heat generated by the cut. The tool
must be heavy enough to take the cut without chatter and have angles proportioned
to turn the chip properly and yet preserve the cutting edge. Machine grinding
has the following advantages over hand grinding.
Tools tipped with tungsten carbide should for preference be ground on Tool
Grinders specially designed for that purpose. Owing to the radical difference
between cemented carbide and high speed steel, special grinding wheels are re
quired and a special technique is necessary. Information on the grinding of tipped
tools is usually supplied by the makers and these should be studied carefully
before attempting to grind. For further details see pages 18 and 19.
51
Fig. 2
_. . ,-
SIDE V I EW E. N D V I E W
STANDARD TOOLS
L----D
52
i
l
Tool Grinding-continued.
LATHE TOOLS
IL(]-'
, ,
1
roO
Q. g;).
'0
I o� \
PLANER TOOLS
4'
SLOTTER TOOLS
53
- - -PEr
Tool Grinding-continued.
3'
�.
,
3' 3·
,
I I
,
ca" "t(
, ,
, ,
�.
, "
4" I � I 4°
4' �.
Fig. 1 6- Fig. 1 7 - Fig. 1 8- Fig. 1 9-
Corner Square Splining Hexagon
for ". renches
STANDARD TOOLS
LATHE TOOLS
54
Tool Grinding-continued.
Zl f. 7' r'
� w �1r � 4(��
1-; rf;
I
.. ..
tf �-:
I I
"
,
80' i· " <l4�
"",'
,,'
TOP
PLANER TOOLS
rr
r---
• I •
7.Q t;)'
30,
55
--
-
r-
Tool Grinding-continued.
BORING TOOLS
� r!.
\I�
.. ".
", r"I ,"'
IT
.
� B'
'0
�liA .
."
,s
,_ c 0,'1
W
•
:�
A-A
�� \,@
"'i
< Co
. �
Fig. 43-
Fig. 42-Recessing R.H. Acme and Worm
56
-
-
Inches I Inches I mm
II Inches I Inches I mm
57
tlUHd -cf/tipfflan
Model 11 0 . 8�' X :1 6"· Cutter & Tool
.� Grindi-ng Ma<:hine
- --
-
..
Correctly ground tools and cutters are essential to ensure maximum and economical
output from the machine shop. Cutting and relief angles must be maintained to
avoid loss of production and the resultant high rbanufacturing costs. Good cutting
.
edges keep costs tCl a minimum.
I
The Jones-Shipman Modd 3 1 0 Cutter and Tool Grinder adequately fulfils .t
demands. It is designed to cover a wide range of operations in the shortest possible
times, so that tools and cutters can be quickly. and accurately . ground.
The machine, which is the outcome of many years of experience in the knowledge
and requirements of all types of tool and cutter grinding, has many unique features
incorporated in the design. Convenience of control . and ease of operation are
features which will relldily appeal to the operator.
58
@&S"AIDRID6E)
HIGH SPEED STE E L
./'
-' M ILLING CUTTERS
AND REAM ERS
ALSO
STANDARD SIZES
C AT A L O G UE ON R E Q UE S T
Sole Distributors :
A. A. J O N E S & SH I P M A N LT D . ,
N A R B O RO U G H ROAD SO UTH , L E I C ESTE R, E ng.
59
----- ,- ----
SMALL TOOLS
The comprehensive range of J. & 8. Engineers' Small Tools cover the usual
engineers' requirements. These have an unsurpassed reputation for accuracy,
efficiency and quality. A representative selection of "J. & S." Small Tools is
listed below.
Sleeves
Gauges, Plug and Ring
Sockets
General Purpose Head
Surface Plates, Glass
Ground Thread Taps
'.' .,