CBSE Pariksha-2010 Chemistry–XII RSPL/1

Q1. Write the IUPAC name of the following compound : 1

OH

CN
Br
Ans. 2-Bromo-5-hydroxy benzonitrile.
Q2. Write the structure of the following organic compound : 1
4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-one.
CH3
Ans. CH3—C—CH2—CO—CH3
OH
Q3. Why is fructose reducing sugar in spite of having keto group ? 1
Ans. It changes into glucose in alkaline medium which has free aldehyde group.
Q4. What is percentage efficiency in case of body centred cubic ? 1
Ans. 68%.
Q5. Crystalline substances are anisotropic and amorphous substances are isotropic. What is meant
by this statement ? 1
Ans. Crystalline substances show different properties in different directions so they are anisotropic
whereas amorphous substances show same properties in all directions, i.e. they are isotropic.
Q6. What is meant by dialysis ? 1
Ans. The process of purification of colloidal solution containing ionic impurities using parchment
paper which allows the passage of ions only, is called dialysis.
Q7. What is sign of ∆H, ∆S and ∆G, when a gas is adsorbed by an adsorbent ? 1
Ans. ∆H = –ve, ∆S = –ve and ∆G = –ve.
Q8. Why does chemical adsorption has higher heat of adsorption than physical adsorption ? 1
Ans. The force of attraction between adsorbate and adsorbent are stronger and similar to that of
chemical bond therefore heat of adsorption is higher in chemical than physical adsorption in
which there are weak van der Waals’ forces of attraction between adsorbate and adsorbent.
Q9. Explain the mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield diethyl ether at 413 K. 2
Ans. Step 1 : Protonation of alcohol
+
CH3—CH2—O—H + H CH3—CH2—O—H
Ethanol H

Step 2 : Formation of carbocation

CH 3 —CH 2 —O—H CH 3—CH 2 + H 2O

H

CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII 1

 Step 3 : Formation of protonated ether
+ +
CH 3 —CH 2 + O—C2 H 5 CH 3—CH 2 —O—CH 2—CH 3
H H
Protonated ether
Step 4 : Formation of ether by loss of proton
+ –
CH 3 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 3 + HSO 4 CH 3 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 3 + H 2 SO 4
H Diethyl ether

Q10. Describe the following with an example of each :

(i) Riemer-Tiemann reaction
(ii) Williamson Synthesis of an unsymmetrical ether. 2
Ans. (i) Riemer-Tiemann reaction : When phenol reacts with CHCl3 and KOH at 60°C (333K)
Salicylaldehyde is formed.
OH OH
CHO
60°C
+ CHCl3 + 3KOH + 3KCl + 3H 2O

(ii) Williamson Synthesis of an unsymmetrical ether : When sodium salt of alcohol

reacts with alkyl halide, ether is formed.
C2 H5ONa + CH3I → C2 H5OCH3 + NaI
Q11. Give a chemical test to distinguish between
(i) Benzyl amine and p-toluidine.
(ii) Dimethyl amine and Trimethyl amine. 2
Ans. (i) Add NaNO2 and HCl to each. Cool it to 0–5°C. Add alkaline solution of β–naphthol.
Orange dye will be formed in p-toluidine whereas no such dye is formed in Benzyl
amine.
(ii) Add HNO2 to each Dimethyl amine will give yellow oily compound whereas Trimethyl
amine give salt soluble in water.
or
Add Hinsberg’s reagent (C6H5SO2Cl). Dimethyl amine will react to form a product which
is insoluble in KOH whereas Trimethyl amine will not react.
Q12. Assign reasons for the following :
(i) Alcohols have higher boiling points than amines of comparable molecular mass.
(ii) p–nitro aniline is weaker base than aniline. 2
Ans. (i) It is because alcohol molecules are associated with stronger intermolecular H–bonding
than amines as oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen.
(ii) —NO2 group is electron withdrawing, therefore, if reduces electron density on ‘N’ as
compared to aniline, making it less basic.
Q13. Draw the structures of (i) XeF4 (ii) H2SO5 and predict their shapes. 2
F F O
Ans. (i) Xe (ii) S
O O—O—H
F F OH
2 CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII
 The shape of XeF4 is square planar whereas H2SO5 is tetrahedral.
Q14. Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solutions. Give one example of each. 2
Ans. Ideal Solutions Non-Ideal Solutions
1. They follow Raoult’s law. 1. They do not follow Raoult’s law.
2. ∆mix H = 0, ∆mix V = O. 2. ∆mix H ≠ 0, ∆mix V ≠ O.
3. They can be separated by fractional 3. They cannot be separated by fractional
distillation as they do not form distillation as they form azeotropes,
azeotropes, e.g., Benzene and Toluene. e.g., Ethanol and Water.
Q15. Prove that t99.9% = 3 t90% is first order reaction. 2
2.303 [R ] 2.303 6.909
Ans. t99.9% = log ° = log10 3 =
k 0.1 k k
[R ]
°
100
2.303 [R ]
t90% = log °
k 10
[R ]
100 °
2.303
t99% = 1
k
2.303 6.909
t99% = 3 t99% = 3 × =
k
k
Q16. (a) What type of ionic compounds show Frenkel defects ?
(b) Why does Schottky defect affect the physical properties of solids ? 2
OR
(a) Why does NaCl become yellow when heated with sodium vapours ?
(b) When silicon is doped with phosphorous, what type of semiconductor is formed and why ? 2
Ans. (a) Those ionic compounds in which there is large difference in size of cations and anions,
show Frenkel defects.
(b) Schottky defects are due to missing equal number of cations as well as anions. Large
number of Schottky defects will decrease the density therefore will affect physical
properties of solids.
OR
(a) NaCl, on heating with sodium vapours has excess of Na+ which attract Cl– which come
on the surface. The position of anion is occupied by electron lost by Na to form Na+
forming F-centres, these electrons absorb light from visible region and radiate yellow
colour.
(b) Silicon doped with ‘phosphorous’ is n-type semiconductor as ‘phosphorous’ has 5 valence
electrons and 1 electron per atom becomes free to move.

CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII 3

 Q17. Explain the following terms with an example of each :
(i) Peptization (ii) Gel. 2
Ans. (i) Peptization : The process of converting a freshly prepared precipitate into colloidal
solution in presence of peptizing agent is called peptization, e.g., Fe(OH)3 precipitate
can be converted into Fe(OH)3 sol by taking excess of FeCl3 (Fe3+) which acts as peptizing
agent.
(ii) Gel : When liquid is dispersed in solid, the colloidal solution is called gel, e.g., cheese
contains liquid water dispersed in solid cheese.
Q18. Give reasons for the following : 2
(i) Copper oxide can be reduced to copper metal by heating with carbon but MnO2 cannot
be reduced by heating with carbon.
(ii) Extraction of zinc from carbonate ore is less favourable than that of its oxide ore through
reduction. 2
Ans. (i) Copper is less reactive metal therefore CuO can be reduced by carbon whereas Mn is
good reducing agent therefore MnO2 cannot be reduced by carbon.
(ii) Carbonate ores cannot be reduced easily as ∆G is less negative whereas oxides can be
easily reduced as ∆G is more negative.
Q19. Suggest a possible reason for the following observations :
(i) The order of boiling points of haloalkanes is RI > RBr > RCl
(ii) Allyl chloride (CH2 == CH—CH2Cl) does not follow SN2 mechanism in spite of being
primary halide.
(iii) Symmetrical Ethers have dipole moment. (1 × 3 = 3)
Ans. (i) It is because RI has highest molecular mass and more surface area therefore more
van der Waals’ forces of attraction than RBr which has higher than RCl.
⊕ ⊕
(ii) CH2== CH — CH 2 ←→ CH 2 — CH == CH2. Allyl carbocation is stabilized by resonance
therefore it follows SN1 mechanism and not SN2.
(iii) Ethers are bent molecule therefore even symmetrical ethers have dipole moment.

O
R R
Q20. Give reasons for the following :
(i) Glucose forms an oxime but glucose pentaacetate does not.
(ii) All amino acids are optically active except glycine.
(iii) Half boiled egg is more nutritious than hard boiled egg. 3
Ans. (i) Glucose has free aldehyde group therefore it forms oxime whereas glucose pentaacetate
has cyclic structure and does not have free aldehyde group.
(ii) All amino acids have chiral ‘C’ atom therefore they are optically active whereas glycine
is not, as it does not have chiral carbon atom.
(iii) In hard boiled egg, complete denaturation of protein takes place which leads to loss of
biological activity whereas in half boiled egg, complete denaturation of protein does not
take place.
4 CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII
Q21. Write the monomers which are used for synthesis of the following polymers :
(i) Buna-S
(ii) Neoprene
(iii) Nylon-66
Indicate the type of polymerisation which leads to formation of polymers. 3
Ans. (i) Buna-S: The monomers are 1, 3-butadine and styrene. The polymerisation is addition
polymerisation.
(ii) Neoprene: The monomer is chloroprene (2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene). The polymerisation
is addition.
(iii) Nylon-66: It has adipic acid (1, 6-hexane dioic acid) and hexamethylene diamine
(1, 6-diamino hexane) as monomers. It is condensation polymer.
Q22. Give one use of each of the following :
(i) Ranitidine
(ii) Tetracycline
(iii) Iodoform. 3
Ans. (i) Ranitidine: It is antacid used to neutralize hyperacidity.
(ii) Tetracycline: It is broad spectrum antibiotic. It is used against large number of micro-
organisms. It is used in treatment of plague.
(iii) Iodoform: It is used as antiseptive and prevents the growth of microorganisms on
wounds, cuts etc. It liberates iodine slowly.
Q23. What happens when
(i) Phosphorus is heated in limited supply of air ?
(ii) Iodine is heated with sodium chlorate ?
(iii) Ammonia reacts with sodium hypochlorite ? 3
Ans. (i) P4O6 is formed.
P4 + 3O2 → P4O6
(ii) Sodium iodate is formed and chlorine gas is liberated.
I2 + 2NaClO3 → 2NaIO3 + Cl2(g).
(iii) Hydrazine is formed.
2NH3 + NaOCl → N2H4 + NaCl + H2O
Q24. Give reasons for the following observations :
(i) HI is stronger reducing agent than HF.
(ii) NO2 is brown in colour and paramagnetic in nature.
(iii) Sulphur is paramagnetic in vapour state. (1 ×3 = 3)
Ans. (i) HI has lower bond dissociation energy than HF due to longer bond length therefore HI
is stronger acid.
(ii) NO2 has one unpaired electron (odd electron) due to which it is paramagnetic. It absorbs
light from visible region and radiates brown colour.
(iii) Sulphur exists as S2 in vapour state, has two unpaired electrons like O2 therefore it is
paramagnetic.
CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII 5
 Q25. (a) Which of the following compound(s) can exhibit geometrical isomerism(s) :
[Pt(en)Cl2], [Pt(en)2]Cl2, [Pt(en)2Cl2]Cl2, [Pt(NH3)2Cl2]
Write their cis-and trans-forms.
(b) Discuss the shape, magnetic behaviour and hybrid orbitals of [CoF6]3–.
[Atomic number of Co is 27] (2 + 1 = 3)
OR
(a) Write IUPAC name of the following :
[Co(en)(NH3)2Cl (ONO)]+
(b) Describe with an example of each, the role of coordination compounds in
(i) Metallurgy (ii) Photography 3
Ans. (a) [Pt(en)2Cl2] Cl2 and [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] will exhibit geometrical isomerism
en 2+ Cl
Cl NH 3 Cl NH 3
en Pt en Pt en Pt Pt

Cl Cl NH 3 H 3N Cl
Cl Cl
cis- trans- cis- trans-
(b) Co (27) has electronic configuration [Ar] 4s2 3d7. Co3+ (27) as [Ar] 4s2 3d6
F– is weak field ligand, does not cause pairing of electrons.
3d 4s 4p 4d
3–
[CoF3 ]

The hybridisation is sp3d2 (outer orbital complex), octahedral shape and paramagnetic
in nature due to presence of unpaired electrons.
OR
(a) Diamminechlorido ethane (1,2-diammine) nitrito-O-cobalt (III)
(b) (i) Silver and gold are extracted from their cyanide complex by using zinc as reducing
agent.
(ii) AgBr present in photographic film reacts with sodium thiosulphate to form soluble
complex and can be easily removed.
Q26. Calculate the normal boiling point of a sample of sea water containing 3.5% of NaCl and 0.13%
of MgCl2 by mass.
[Molecular mass of NaCl = 58.5 g mol–1, MgCl2 = 95 g mol–1, Kb = 0.52 K/m] 3
Ans. Assuming complete dissociation of NaCl and MgCl2, i.e., 1 mole of NaCl producing 2 moles of
species and 1 mole of MgCl2 producing 3 moles of species.
2 × 3.5 3 × 0.13
The number of moles of species in water = + = 0.12.
58.5 95
The mass of water in the solution is 100 g – (3.5 + 0.13) = 96.37 g
WB 1000 1000
m = × = 0.12 × = 1.25 mol/kg.
MB WA 96.37
∆Tb = Kb. m = 0.52 × 1.25 = 0.65 K.
Boiling point of solution = 373 + 0.65 = 373.65 K
6 CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII
Q27. (a) What is meant by activation energy ?
(b) For a first order reaction A → B, the temperature (T) dependent on rate constant (k)
was found to follow the equation. 3
1
log k = – (1000) × + 8.0. Calculate pre-exponential factor ‘A’ and the activation
T
energy (Ea) respectively. (R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1)
Ans. (a) Activation energy : It is the extra energy which must be supplied to the reactants in
order to undergo effective collisions to form product molecule.
Ea
(b) log k = log A – … (i)
2.303RT
1
log k = + 8.00 – 1000 × … (ii)
T
comparing (i) and (ii)
log A = + 8.00 ⇒ ‘A’ = 108s–1.
Ea 1
– = – 1000 ×
2.303RT T
Ea = 1000 × 2.303 × 8.314 J = 19.147 × 1000 J = 19.147 kJmol–1
Q28. (a) Zinc granules are added to excess of 1 M Ni(NO3)2 solution at 298 K until the equilibrium
is reached. If E°Zn2+ /Zn = – 0.76 V, E°Ni2+ / Ni = – 0.25 V, calculate the concentration of [Ni2+]
in aqueous solution at equilibrium.
(b) What happens when aqueous AgNO3 is electrolysed (i) using Pt electrodes
(ii) using Ag electrodes ? Write reactions at cathode and anode.
5
OR
(a) Calculate the value of Ecell and ∆G for the following reaction at 25 °C.
Cu2+(1 M) + Sn2+ (0.1 M) → Sn4+ (0.001 M) + Cu(s)
E°Cu 2+ / Cu = + 0.34 V E°Sn4+ / Sn2+ = 0.15 V
(b) State and explain Faraday's second law of electrolysis. (3 + 2 = 5)
Sol. (a) The cell can be represented as
Zn(s)|Zn(s)|| Ni2+| Ni(s) At anode: Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e–

0.0591  Zn 2+ 
Ecell = E°cell – log At cathode: Ni2+(aq) + 2e– → Ni(s)
2 Ni 2+ 
At equilibrium Ecell = 0 Zn(s) + Ni2+(aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Ni2+(s)

0.0591  Zn 2+  0.0591  Zn 2+ 
Ecell = E°cell – log ⇒ E° – E° – log
 Ni2+   Ni2+ 
2+ 2+
2 Ni /Ni Zn /Zn
2

0.0591  Zn 2+   Zn 2+  0.51 × 2
⇒ – 0.25V – (–0.76V) – log ⇒ log =
2  Ni2+   Ni2+  0.0591

 Zn 2+   Zn 2+ 
⇒ log = 17.2588 ⇒ log = Antilog 17.2588 = 1.814 × 1017
 Ni 
2+
 2+
 Ni  
CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII 7
 The conc. ratio shows almost whole of Ni2+ are reduced to Ni therefore Zn2+ produced
from Zn will be 1M as we had 1M Ni(NO3)2.

1 1
⇒ = 1.814 × 1017 ⇒ Ni 2+  = = 5.51 × 10–18 M
Ni 
2+
1.814×1017

Ag + + e– → Ag(s) At cathode

(b) (i)  Using Pt electrodes
2H2 O → O2 + 4H + 4e At anode 
+ –

Ag(s) → Ag + + e – At anode 

(ii)  Using Ag electrodes
Ag + + e– → Ag(s) At anode 

OR

0.0591  Zn 4+   Sn+2 → Sn4+ + 2e – At anode 

(a) Ecell = E°cell – log  2+ 
Cu + 2e → Cu(s) At cathode
–
2 Sn 2+   Cu 2+ 

Sn2+ + Cu2+ → Sn4+ + Cu(s) Net Cell reaction

0.0591 0.001
= ( E° – E°Sn 4+ /Sn2+ ) – log
Cu 2+ /Cu
2 1 × 0.1

0.0591
= 0.19V – × – 2 = 0.19V + 0.0591 = 0.2491 V
2
∆G = – nEcell F = – 2 × 0.2491 × 96500 = –48.0763 kJ mol–1
(b) Faraday’s second law : To deposite 1 mole of substance, integral multiple of Faraday's
of electricity should be passed, e.g.,
Al3+ + 3e– → Al(s)
Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu(s)
To deposite 1 mole of Al, 3F of electricity should be passed. To deposite 1 mole of Cu, 2F
of electricity should be passed.
Q29. (a) (i) The standard reduction potential of Co2+/Co and Co3+/Co are – 0.28 V and 1.8 V
respectively. Which is better oxidising agent Co2+ or Co3+ and why ?
(ii) Ce3+ can be easily oxidised to Ce4+ easily. Why ? [Atomic number of Ce is 58.]
(iii) [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured and [Ti(H2O)6]4+ is colourless. Why ?
(b) Name the members of lanthanoids which exhibit +2 oxidation state. Give reason.
(c) Name radioactive element belonging to lanthanoid series. 5
OR
(a) Describe the preparation of potassium permanganate from pyrolusite ore.
(b) What happen when acidified solution of KMnO4 is passed through
(i) FeSO4 solution (ii) Oxalic acid (iii) H2S gas ?
Write balanced ionic equation for the reactions. 5

8 CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII

Ans. (a) (i) Co3+ is better oxidising agent because it has higher reduction potential i.e. it can
easily gain electron to form Co2+.
(ii) Ce4+ has stable electronic configuration of Xenon, therefore Ce3+ is easily oxidised
to Ce4+.
(iii) Ti3+ has one unpaired electron, undergoes d-d transitions therefore it is coloured.
Ti4+ has no unpaired electron, it cannot undergo d–d transitions therefore it is
colourless.
(b) Eu(63) exhibits +2 oxidation state because it has half filled f-orbitals which are more
stable.
(c) Promethium (61) is radioactive.
OR
(a) Pyrolusite is heated with KOH in presence of O2.
MnO2 + 2KOH + ½O2 → K2MnO4 + H2O
K2MnO4 is electrolysed to form KMnO4 which is purple in colour.
MnO42– → MnO4– + e–
(b) (i) The solution becomes light yellow colour due to oxidation of Fe2+ into Fe3+.
8H+ + MnO4– + 5Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O
(ii) The solution becomes colourless.
COO–
5| + 2MnO4– + 16H+ → 10CO2 + 2Mn2+ + 8H2O
–
COO

(iii) Yellow coloured sulphur is formed.

2MnO4– + 5H2 S + 6H+ → 2Mn2+ + 5S + 8H2O
Q30. An unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbon ‘A’ C13H17 on ozonolysis followed by reduction with
Zn/H2O gives ‘B’ and ‘C’. ‘B’ is ketone and undergoes aldol condensation in presence of dil. NaOH
to form ‘D’ which on dehydration gives ‘E’, which on ozonolysis followed by reduction with
Zn/H2O gives cyclohexanone and cyclohexane-1, 2-dione. ‘C’ is an aromatic aldehyde which
undergoes Cannizzaro’s reaction. Identify ‘A’ to ‘E’ and write all the reactions involved. 5
OR
An unknown aldehyde ‘A’ on reacting with alkali gives β-hydroxyaldehyde, which losses water
to form an unsaturated aldehyde, 2-butenal. Another aldehyde ‘B’ undergoes disproportionation
reaction in the presence of conc. alkali to form products ‘C’ and ‘D’. ‘C’ is an arylalcohol with
the formula C7H8O. 5
(i) Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’ .
(ii) Write the sequence of reactions involved.
(iii) Name the product, when ‘B’ reacts with zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid.
CHC6H5 O
( i) O3 + C6H5CHO
Ans.
(ii) Zn/H2O

‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’

C13H17 Cyclohexanone Benzaldehyde

CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII 9

 conc. KOH
2C6H5CHO → C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COOK
‘C’ (Cannizzaro’s Benzyl alcohol Potassium
reaction)
benzoate
OR
(i) ‘A’ is CH3CHO and ‘B’ is C6H5CHO.
OH O O
| |
| + |
|
OH− H
(ii) 2CH3CHO  → CH3— CH —CH2— C —H 
heat
→ CH3
—CH=CH— C —H
‘A’ But-2-enal
conc. KOH
2C6H5CHO → C6H5CH2OH + C6H5COOK
‘B’ ‘C’ ‘D’
O
Zn (H g)
(iii) C 6H 5—C—H C 6H 5—CH 3 + H2O
conc. H Cl
Toluene
Benzaldehyde

10 CBSE Pariksha Chemistry-XII