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NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WO 2-4155

TELS W O 3-6925
WASHINGTON, D .C .20546

FOR RELEASE: IMMEDIATE

Monday, A p r i l 14, 1969

APOLLO i o BRIEFING

PARTICIPANTS:

GEORGE H, HAGE, Deputy Apollo Program Director,

NASA Headquarters
COLONJ3L THOMAS McMIJLLEN, Assistant Mission Director
WILLIAM J, O'DONWELL, Assistant Public Affairs Officer,
OMSF, NASA
 : Good afternoon^

Be gin w i t h Q U b
~ riefing, P would l i k e
a couple of announcements,
F i r s t , there w i l l be p r i n t e d t r a n s c r i p t s provided
of t h e b r i e f i n g , If you are i n t e r e s t e d i n r e c e i v i n g one of
these t r a n a c r i p t s , please address a government envelope w i t h
your own address. You w i l l f i n d t h e envelopes i n t h e lobby.
The second announcement is t h a t a b r i e f i n g on t h e
NASA p o r t i o n of P r e s i d e n t Nixon*s amended f i s c a l 1970 Budget
w i l l be h e l d tomorrow, Tuesday, A p r i l 15, a t 5:OO p.m.,
E a s t e r n Standard Time, a t t h e NASA Headquarters Auditorium,
s i x t h floor, FOB 6, 400 Maryland Avenue, Southwest.

To begin t h i s a f t e r n o o n ' s a c t i v i t i e s w e w i l l have

t h e Apollo 10 mission b r i e f i n g by Mr. George Hage, who is
t h e Apollo Mission Director, also Deputy Director of t h e
Apollo Program.

With M r , Hage is Colonel Tom McMullan, A s s i s t a n t

Mission Director.

George .
HAGE: Thank you,

Ladies and gentlemen, we w i l l p r e s e n t t h e Apollo 10

mission b r i e f i n g today i n three parts. I w i l l s t a r t it o u t
w i t h a d i s c u s s i o n of t h e mission up t o t h e p o i n t 09 rendez-
vous, Colonel McMullen w i l l d i s c u s s t h e d e t a i l s of t h e
rendezvous. And I w i l l take t h e mission from t h a t p o i n t on
back t o recovery.

As many of you know, Apollo 10 is proceeding w e l l

towards a launch r e a d i n e s s on May 18. The launch time
planned is 11:49 a . m , , E a s t e r n Standard Time,
The f l i g h t r e a d i n e s s test w a s s u c c e s s f u l l y com-
p l e t e d on schedule l a s t Thursday, A p r i l 9,

We hays t w o majar remaining e v e n t s prior to o u r

l a ~ n rce ~a d i n e s s s t a t u s . General P h i l l i p s ' f l i g h t rsadi-
n e s s re view w i l l be conducted at Kennedy on t h e 22nd of
t h i s month.
t h e countdo

the 2nd of
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to have the

items shown

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and g u i d e l i n e s for t h i s mission

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tter two days i n t h e m i s s i o n
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in a schematic way depicts

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opportunity for an S-IVB
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NOW, after t h e t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n burn, t h e

spacecraft prepare for t r a n s p o s i t i o n and docking. The
first e v e n t t h a t o c c u r s is t h e command nodule i n i t i a t e s
t h e deployment of t h e spacecraft LM v e h i c l e p a n e l s which
are blown away p y r o t e c h n i c a l l y , The command module proceeds
away from t h e S-IVB, does a 180-degree maneuver, comes back
i n , docks w i t h t h e l u n a r module, and t h e n t h e t w o of them
back away from t h e S-IVB.

Next chart, please.

(Slide)

T h i s is t h e n a c o n f i g u r a t i o n of t h e t w o spacecraft
i n t h e dock C o n f i g u r a t i o n throughout t h e t r a n s l u n a r phase of
t h e mission.

Next s l i d e , please,

(Slide)

Now, after t h e t w o spacecraft have s u c c e s s f u l l y

accomplished t h e t r a n s p o s i t i o n and docking and have separated
a n acceptable d i s t a n c e away from t h e S-IVB, t h e S-IVB w i l l
be p a s s i v a t e d and p u t i n t o a s l i n g s h o t maneuver w h i c h i n ef-
fect causes it t o t r a v e r s e a trajectory as shown here, wherein
t h e g r a v i t y f i e l d of t h e moon is used t o force t h a t v e h i c l e
i n t o a permanent solar o r b i t ,

Next s l i d e , please.

(Slide)

The t i m e v a r i a t i o n t h a t we a n t i c i p a t e as a f u n c t i o n
of launch day and t h e t i m e i n t h e window when w e launch,
t h i s being the beginnin on a p a r t i c u l a r day and t h i s t h e
end ( i n d i c a t i n g ) , v a r i e s from a minimum of 7 5 . 2 hours t o
69.3 hours on t h e Past day of the window,

T h a t d i f f e r e n c e is l a r g e l y a r e s u l t of the fact
t h a t t h e moonws o r b i t around t h e earth is not c i r c u l a r but
e l l i p t i c a l , and therefore the, d i s t a n c e is a v a r i a b l e depend-
i n g on t h e d a y of t e m o n ~ hthat we launch.
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Next s l i d e , please,

One i n t e r e It thought we would show

today is a p l o t of t he t w o spacecraft a f t e r
t h e t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n burn as it decreases, as w e move
away from t h e i n a l l y we reach t h e p o i n t where
t h e moon's gra h e n c e a c t u a l l y starts t o speed
t h e combination n p r i o r t o t h e t i m e t h a t w e do
t h e lunar orbit

t h a t range of speed v a r i e s from

about 25,000 m i l e s pe ur a t the time we l e a v e t h e earth
t o a loa of something t h e order of something less t h a n
500 m i l e s per hou and t h e n f i n a l l y back up t o something
l i k e 8,000 m i l e s p e r hour a t t i m e of i n j e c t i o n .

T h i s mission p r o f i l e is planned, as w a s Apollo 8 ,

w i t h f o u r midcourse c o r r e c t i o n s going o u t , three coming back.
And I mentioned previou lly t h a t w e w i l l u s e t h e two-step
i n j e c t i o n i n t o t h e f i n a l c i r c u l a r o r b i t around t h e moon.
ime cof d u r a t i o n i n l u n a r o r b i t is
slighLly m

e x t slide, please,

I have a l r e a d y covered t h e two-stage l u n a r o r b i t

i n s e r t i o n discuhssio Both of t h e burns involved are f i x e d
a t t i t u d e burns, Bn t t h e v e h i c l e is l i n e d up w i t h a par-
ticular orientation i n e r t i a l space, and t h e n burned u n t i l
v e l o c i t y is a%tsrineci;

i n a l midcourse maneuver as t h e spacecraft

t h e v e h i c l e is rotated as shown
hen t h e i n s e r t i o n burn is made
ne c a u s e s a retrograde o r s l o w i n g
down o f t h e v e h i c l e to place it i n t h i s o r b i t .

a i n on the e away from t h e earth t h e c i r c u l a r -

k i n g maneuver is made to find t h e place t o g e t to t h e 60
nautical m i l e o ~ ~ i ~ ~
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0 x 170 WITH PLANE C H A N G E

1(2)-60 x 60 IN PLANE

F I X E D ATTIT E BURNS
 8

(Slide)

Now, i n order t o a c q u a i n t you a l l w i t h some of t h e

acronyms t h a t we u s e q u i t e broadly on t h e program, I have
l i s t e d some of t h e key ones i n t h e n e x t s l i d e . Let m e take
j u s t a moment here to go through them b r i e f l y t o g i v e you
a chance to read them.
I t h i n k most of you are familiar w i t h MSFN, t h e
Manned Spaceflight Network.

LOS means we have lost'communication w i t h t h e space-

c r a f t because it has gone behind t h e moon.

AUS is when we a c q u i r e it again.

DPS is d e s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system o f t h e l u n a r module.
APS is t h e ascent p r o p u l s i o n system of t h e l u n a r
module.

DO1 is t h e d e s c e n t o r b i t i n s e r t i o n t h a t t h e l u n a r
module makes i n its move down towards t h e 50,000-foot a l t i t u d e .

CSI is one of t h e rendezvous maneuvers called con-

c e n t r i c sequence i n i t i a t i o n , which Colonel McMullen w i l l dis-
c u s s i n more d e t a i l , as w i l l he dirscuss CDH or c o n s t a n t
d i f f e r e n t i a l h e i g h t maneuvers.

TPI is approaching t h e f i n a l phase of t h e rendezvous,

t h e so-called t e r m i n a l phase i n i t i a t i o n .

PC here is used as p l a n e change, s i n c e there is al-

ways some small r e s i d u a l p l a n e change r e q u i r e d t o b r i n g t h e
t w o spacecraft back together i n t h e same i n e r t i a l plane.
Next s l i d e , please.

NOW, t h i s chart emphasizes t w o p o i n t s . We have worked

very hard on t h e F mission t o m a k e t h e t i m e l i n e from t h e time
t h e spacecraft go i n t o t h e first l u n a r o r b i t u n t i l t h e y come
back o u t on t h e i r w2y home as close as w e can t o t h e l u n a r
l a n d i n g G mission. And, as you w i l l see, t h e first 30-some
hours of these two m i s s i o n s are planned t o be i d e n t i c a l .
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I would also p o i n t o u t t h a t we have arranged t h i s

mission such t h a t t h e rendezvous for t h e t w o m i s s i o n s are
as close t o i d e n t i c a l as we can make them.

The one unique f e a t u r e i n t h e F mission is t h a t w e

have a phasing burn earlier and special o n l y tothe F mission
which earlier i n t h e l u n a r o r b i t t i m e l i n e sets up c o n d i t i o n s
so t h a t a rendezvous can be conducted here rather t h a n here
( i n d i c a t i n g ) i n t h e t i m e l i n e under t h e same c o n d i t i o n s of
l i g h t i n g and other parameters r e l a t i v e t o t h a t o r b i t a l geo-
metry exercise.

I n t h e case of t h e G mission, of c o u r s e , we have

t h i s block of t i m e B e t o u t f o r t h e d e s c e n t , t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e
a c t i v i t i e s , and r e t u r n back t o l u n a r o r b i t ,

We have t r a n s p o s e d t h a t w i t h t h i s block of t i m e on
the F mission ( i n d i c a t i n g ) and w i l l use t h i s t o provide addi-
tional photography and landmark t r a c k i n g of c e r t a i n selected
key landmarks on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e .

One other p o i n t . I apologize for an error on t h i s

chart. W e should have started o u r t i m e bar here a t LOI-1
instead of t h e l a s t midcourse maneuver, and t h e n t h a t p l u s
t h e fact t h a t we l e f t o u t a l i t t l e block of t i m e here ( i n d i -
cating)-- I t t u r n s o u t t h a t t h e t i m e in o r b i t from LO1 u n t i l
TEI is a c t u a l l y a l i t t l e o v e r 61 hours. So there is an e r r o r
i n t h a t t i m e scale.

With those comments, I would l i k e t o ask Tom McMullen

t o l e a d you through t h e steps i n t h e rendezvous maneuvers.

McMULLEN: Thank you, George.

Can we go t o t h e next s l i d e , please.

(Slide)

As I go through t h e d i s c u s s i o n here, I would l i k e

t o emphasize t h e p o i n t t h a t Mr. Hage has already made
great deal of e f f o r t t h a t h a s gone i n t o making t h e maneuvers
-- the

a t l u n a r d i s t a n c e d u r i n g t h i s mission s i m i l a r t o those w e
w i l l a c t u a l l y be performing on l u n a r l a n d i n g m i s s i o n next t i m e .
 10

Let m e e x p l a i n a l i t t l e b i t t h e s l i d e before w e
a l s o get i n t o d i s c u s s i n g maneuvers themselves,

You c a n see w e have two p l o t s of t h e spacecraft,

t h i s one down here and t h i s one up here. The one o n t h e r i g h t -
hand s i d e is what you would see i f you were s t a n d i n g o f f some-
where i n space and looking a t t h e moon w i t h t h e t w o spacecraft
going around, So you can imagine y o u r s e l f somewhere o u t i n
space, s a y on t h e earth, w i t h good e y e s , and have a b i l i t y t o
see t h i s amount of d e t a i l .

The scale, of c o u r s e , is n o t q u i t e t r u e , i n t h a t t h e
o r b i t s are shown q u i t e a b i t h i g h e r or larger w i t h respect t o
t h e size of t h e moon.

We have t h e moon d i v i d e d i n t t , d i f f e r e n t colors here.

The s o l i d shows when b o t h t h e spacecraft and t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e
are in darkness. The next t w o pie-shaped areas show when t h e
spacecraft is i l l u m i n a t e d by t h e s u n b u t t h e s u r f a c e still. is
dark. And, of c o u r s e , on t h e upper right-hand s i d e , b o t h
t h e spacecraft and t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e are i l l u m i n a t e d .

Over on t h e lower. l e f t here w e have a p l o t which

shows t h e r e l a t i v e motion of t h e t w o v e h i c l e s t o each o t h e r ,
and on t h i s one you can imagine t h a t you are s i t t i n g on t o p
of t h e command and s e r v i c e module and watching t h e LM maneuver
about you,

Okay. So now I t h i n k we are ready t o go ahead and

d i s c u s s t h e first maneuver, and it is t h e separation maneuver,
I t is q u i t e similar t o t h e s e p a r a t i o n maneuver we made on
t h e Apollo 9 mission j u s t completed, I t c o n s i s t s of a s m a l l
radial burn by t h e command and s e r v i c e module u s i n g t h e s e r v i c e
r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m , T h i s is two-and-a-half feet p e r
second, And it g i v e s t h e command and s e r v i c e module a small
increment of downward velocity.

T h i s does n o t change t h e period of t h e command and

s e r v i c e module, so t h e l u n a r module and command and s e r v i c e
module are s t i l l going around t h e moon and w i l l complete one
o r b i t in t h e same l e n g t h of t i m e , However, it does provide
a maximum of about 1.8 n a u t i c a l m i l e s between t h e t w o and
about a h a l f a m i l e i n h e i g h t .

And here we see t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e burn is made by

t h e command and s e r v i c e u l e , it wou t h e command
and service module as 1& h the lunar going up
and behind it,
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separate, and as t h e l u n a r module d r i f t s up and behind t h e
command and service d u l e , c e r t a i n checks w i l l be made t o
be s u r e w e want t o proceed,

And i f w e decide n o t t o proceed, we j u s t without

any f u r t h e r burns c o n t i n u e on around t h i s maneuver l i n e here
u n t i l t h e t w o are back together, and a very small burn, and
they would again be back i n t h e same o r b i t .

However, i f t h e systems look good, t h e rendezvous

appears t o be working s a t i s f a c t o r i l y , a t t h i s p o i n t t h e n w e
w i l l perform o u r d e s c e n t o r b i t i n s e r t i o n burn.

Next s l i d e , please,

(Slide)

The d e s c e n t o r b i t i n s e r t i o n burn is a maneuver t h a t

is performed by t h e l u n a r module descent; p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m .
It starts up w i t h t h e rocket engine t h r o t t l e d up to 10 per
c e n t f o r about 15 seconds, and t h e n t h e t h r o t t l e i p J advanced
t o 40 per c e n t f o r t h e remainder of t h e burn, which is about
a n o t h e r 11 seconds.
A t t h e end of t h i s burn, t h e two v e h i c l e s w i l l be
i n t h e o r b i t s as shown here w i t h t h e l u n a r module descending
downward closer t o t h e l u n a r surface and t h e comrnand and
service moduie c o n t i n u i n g on around t h i s f a i r l y c i r c u l a r
orbit ,

One of t h e other p o i n t s I should have mentioned

is we show on these charts t h e p o i n t a t which t h e Manned
Spaceflight N e t w o r k w i l l a c q u i r e and 10S8 s i g h t o f t h e l u n a r
module as i t goes behind t h e moon.

A l s o , on t h e r e l a t i v e motion plot here now, w e see

t h e s e p a r a t i o n burn is t h i s s m a l l dotted l i n e r i g h t here t o
a d i f f e r e n t scale t h a n we saw p r e v i o u s l y , And t h e n w e also
--
see t h e d e s c e n t o r b i t t h e r e s u l t s of the d e s c e n t o r b i t
insertion -- as t h e l u n a r module now moves downl passes
d i r e c t l y underneath t h e c and and s e r v i c e module by about
20 n a u t i c a l m i l e s g d e r e n c e t and t h e n proceeds on down
where it reaches 8 ance of 52 ~ ~ u m i lt e s ~b e l ocw t h~e ~
command and service talle .a
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be t h e ph moment ago,

Ca

A l i t t l e bit phasing burn

we would have.
In t h i s case,
and w e get to

anding mission.

sformed w i t h the
d e s c e n t prspulbs e maneuver to
i n c r e a s e vePoei synthion d i s t a n c e
specifically w i t f b c r e a s i n g the period
of t h e orbi-t so in f r o n t of and
below t h e CS nd and below t h e
CSY . i

n system is again
throttled It 26 seconds,
and then. t ixed throttle
which is a e remainder of
the B u m ,

194 nautical

the command
module will
cast off and

ill
this
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 -13b-
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 14

t o l i f t i n g off t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e , and we have a problem

of s u b t r a c t i n g o u t velocity as opposed t o we w i l l be
adding a t t h i s p o i n t on t h e l u n a r l a n d i n g ,

We w i l l need to s u b t r a c t off some of t h e velocity

t h a t w e added p r e v i o u s l y i n order t o have o u r apolune o r
apocynthion h e i g h t of 45 n a u t i c a l m i l e s . So t h i s is t h e
p o i n t w e are t a l k i n g about up here 45 n a u t i c a l m i l e s above
t h e l u n a r surface.

A s a brief recap o v e r here on t h e r e l a t i v e motion

p l o t , you c a n see t h e phasing maneuver took place way up,
and w e pass behind as we pass through t h e ... distance
above t h e CSM and drop behind and a g a i n b e l o w , so w e are
at t h i s point here where a g a i n w e are ready t o s u b t r a c t
o u t some v e l o c i t y and move o u r s e l v e s up to a p o i n t 15 n a u t i -
cal m i l e s below t h e command and s e r v i c e module c i r c u l a r o r b i t .

T h i s burn w i l l be performed by t h e a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n
system which is an u n t h r o t t l e a b l e engine, 213 foot per second
s u b t r a c t i o n of v e l o c i t y .

May we have t h e next s l i d e , please.

(Slide)

The n e x t maneuver is t h e c o n c e n t r i c sequence i n i t i -

a t i o n , and, as pointed o u t earlier, i t o c c u r s a t a h e i g h t
above t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e of 45 n a u t i c a l m i l e s , so w e are
now 15 m i l e s below t h e command and s e r v i c e module o r b i t .
And t h i s is a n a d d i t i o n of v e l o c i t y so as t o raise t h e
apocynthion from its 50,000 feet o r i g i n a l d i s t a n c e up t o
a g a i n 45 n a u t i c a l m i l e s so w e are now i n c i r c u l a r o r b i t
below t h e command and s e r v i c e module.

T h i s is done by t h e l u n a r module RCS, and it is a

s m a l l burn, about 50 feet per second.

Okay. The next burn t h a t w e w i l l discuss-- I

guess I should p o i n t o u t over here on t h i s r e l a t i v e motion
p l o t that now t h i s c i r c u l a r o r b i t will appear as a s t r a i g h t
l i n e as w e m a i n t a i n o u r 1 5 n a u t i c a l m i l e d i s t a n c e below
t h e CSM.
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IL change f r o m
one p l a n e t o ano%he g through t h e
point along the l i n e planes coincide.
So i n order t o force
constant differentPal

s o m e value, t o force

nd and s e r v i c e

Okay. We c

(Slide)

W e w i l l discuss t t d i f f e r e n t i a l height
burn. And t h i s is ~ o ~ i ~ s i xa feet ~ per ~ second and
a g a i n performed by t h e l u n a r le r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l system.
And t h i s c a n provide any nge a g a i n r e q u i r e d t o
e n s u r e t h a t t h e f i n a l re aneuvers are co-planer --
t h a t is, t h e two v e h i c l e s are in t h e same p l a n e -- and also
for any h e i g h t adjustment r e q u i r e d ,

And a g a i n we are here on t h e relative

motion p l o t w i t h an expande nd YOU can see how as
w e press on around t h e t r a j t o r y Course, t h e t e r m i n a l phase
i n i t i a t e p o i n t , t h a t we are c o n ~ t aheight
~ ~ below the
o r b i t of t h e CSM,

elide and as w e
Our e l e v a t i o n a n g l e
from t h e l u n a r modu and s e r v i c e module
is about 26 degrees, 8 burn e s s e n t i a l l y
a l o n g t h a t l i n e af raise t h e height
of t h e l u n a r module nar s u r f s e e to 60
m i l e s , which will let t h e o r b i t of t h e

tens, any correc-

e naidcourse
c o r r e c t i o n poilits ZWgPeSSeS,

f three braking
maneuvers almost d at this
-15a-
 16

p o i n t f o r t o t a l d e l t a V used d u r i n g t h e braking process of

30 t o 32 feet per second, and a g a i n it w i l l be performed
u s i n g t h e l u n a r module r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l s y s t e m .
So we have t h e l u n a r module being t h e a c t i v e space-
craft d u r i n g t h e rendezvous.

Of c o u r s e , t h e purpose of t h e braking maneuver is

t o c i r c u l a r i z e t h e l u n a r module's o r b i t i n e x a c t l y t h e same
o r b i t as t h e command and s e r v i c e module.

And t h e n a t t h i s p o i n t we w i l l go ahead and dock

t h e t w o v e h i c l e s , t h i s t i m e I b e l i e v e u s i n g t h e command and
s e r v i c e module as t h e a c t i v e spacecraft.

Okay. Then, a t t h a t p o i n t , w e w i l l go ahead and

t r a n s f e r t h e crew back from t h e l u n a r module i n t o t h e command
and service module.
Can we go t o t h e n e x t chart, please.

(Slide)

And h e r e we see t h e Lb! being j e t t i s o n e d a f t e r t h e

crew has t r a n s f e r r e d back. And t h i s 90 6 is about 90 degrees
east l o n g i t u d e on t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e .
And t h e n as t h e t w o v e h i c l e s come around, t h e command
and s e r v i c e module w f l l make a small burn t o separate t h e t w o ,
about t w o feet per second, and it is about 45 degrees off
from t h e l u n a r module.
Aswe pass on around on t h e zero degrees l o n g i t u d e ,
which is, of course- The earth is d i r e c t l y down t h i s d i s -
t a n c e . The a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system w i l l again be l i t t o
perform an APS burn t o d e p l e t i o n .
T h i s is performed on t h e abort guidance system.
A l l t h e other maneuvers w e have s e e n have been performed
on t h e primary a v i a t i o n guidance s y s t e m on t h e LM.

On t h i s one, i n order t o get t h e check on t h e

a c t u a l switching. e . We are adding approximately 3,800 feet
 w
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Subsequent t o comp t h e ascent burn
and t h e LM a s c e n t
o r b i t s doing landmark s i g h ~ i n g ~ cribe what t h a t is.

Next s l i d e , please,

(Slide)

One of t h e m o s t precli ave of locat-

i n g n o t only i n l a t ~ t u da n~ v a t i o n specific
landmarks such as a l i p (o small protuberance
on t h e s u r f a c e of t h e moo t landmark w i t h t h e
optical t r a c k i n g s y s t e m a e and a t d i a -
Crete p o i n t s a l o n g t h e ~r grees or so
record i n t o t h e computer a t t h e optical
s y s t e m had t o be set a n ~ r i g ~h t ~
i n t h e cross-hairs of t h e

With t h a t
f l i g h t Network track h a t t h e o r b i t of
t h e command and serv specific pass
o v e r a landmark, i t is 9 y conventional
s u r v e y i n g t r i g o n o ~ et o~ ~ ~
and t h e l a t i t u d e and Ion i c landmark.

A s I mentione several o r b i t s
conducting those kind o ted by addi-
tional ~ h ~ t o g r a p ~ ~ *
-17a-
 18

Now, t h e t r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n is very s i m i l a r t o
t h a t t h a t we had o n Apollo 8 , Our t i m e i n o r b i t is about
double what we had on Apollo 8 . W e are t a r g e t i n g f o r t h e
same g e n e r a l l a n d i n g area 165 degrees west l o n g i t u d e , which
is an area w e s t and s o u t h of H a w a i i .

We are n o t a t t e m p t i n g t o c o n t r o l t h e l a t i t u d e as
we d i d n o t on p r e v i o u s f l i g h t s ,
Our normal e n t r y a n g l e is as shown, and I w i l l d i s -
c u s s t h a t i n a l i t t l e more d e t a i l ,

We w i l l u s e whatever r e s i d u a l p r o p u l s i v e capacity
we have i n t h e s e r v i c e module t o reduce t h e r e t u r n t i m e
from t h e moon.

And a l l of t h e t r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n burns and t h e

midcourse burns w i l l be done w i t h a f i x e d a t t i t u d e of t h e
command s e r v i c e module,

Next s l i d e , please.

(Slide)

Now, t h i s is t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n which you are a l l

familiar w i t h of t h e v e h i c l e coming home from t h e moon, a n t e n n a
deployed as shown.

I thought I would comment j u s t b r i e f l y here on a

diagram t h a t I t h i n k g i v e s you a p r e t t y good r e p r e s e n t a t i o n
of what happens i f you don't have c a p a b i l i t y of making m i d -
course c o r r e c t i o n s ,

Each and any one of these p r o p u l s i o n burns wind

up w i t h some residual errors t o t h a t t h a t w a s s p e c i f i c a l l y
planned. If one p e r m i t s those errors t o propagate without
c o r r e c t i o n , t h e n w e f i n d that w e have a d i v e r g i n g cone on
t h a t trajectory, So we set c e r t a i n mission r u l e s t o p e r m i t
t h a t t o grow w i t h i n acceptable l i m i t s , and t h e n w e m a k e a m i d -
c o u r s e c o r r e c t i o n and b r i n g t h e v e h i c l e back on t r a j e c t o r y
and track i t and watch f o r evidence of errors i n t h a t m i d -
c o u r s e correction, u n t i l f i n a l l y w e f i n d t h e v e h i c l e on an
acceptable p a t h l e a d i n g t o t h e f i n a l separation of t h e
command module and e n t e r i n i n t o t h e narrow e n t r y corridor,
 -18a-

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You may remember on ApolPo 8 t h e t r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n

burn w a s so precise t h a t we could have, i f we had elected t o ,
e s s e n t i a l l y l e t t h e v e h i c l e come home without any f u r t h e r
maneuvers, W e d i d decide t o make a small t r i m burn about h a l f -
way home .
Next chart, please,

(Slide)

T h i s chart g i v e s you some feel f o r t h e v a r i a t i o n

i n total m i s s i o n time i n hours, where 192 here represents
e i g h t c a l e n d a r days. And, ag you can see, i t is a l i t t l e
o v e r e i g h t c a l e n d a r days i f w e launch r i g h t a t t h e beginning
of t h e first launch window on t h e 1 8 t h .

The t i m e of t h e mission c a n vary from t h i s l i m i t

of 187 hours up t o t h i s l i m i t which is something i n e x c e s s
of 197 h o u r s , o r , i n other words, a possible v a r i a t i o n of as
much as t e n hours depending on which day and which p a r t of
t h e launch window w e g e t on.

Next s l i d e , please.

(Slide)

The e n t r y is t y p i c a l of t h a t t h a t we demonstrated
on Apollo 8 , We have c a p a b i l i t y f o r a very large r e e n t r y
maneuver f o o t p r i n t , 1,200 t o 2,500 n a u t i c a l m i l e s . W e w i l l
nominally target f o r 1,350.

T h i s t e n d s t o enhance o u r a b i l i t y t o make a good

r e e n t r y i n t h e event t h a t w e have t o use one of t h e backup
c o n t r o l modes or guidance mode.

We w i l l allow for weather avoidance i n t h e recovery

area by t a r g e t i n g f o r a change i n t h e v e h i c l e trajectory
about one day p r i o r t o r e e n t r y if t h e weather i n t h e recovery
area looks l i k e i t is beyond acceptable l i m i t s .

Next s l i d e , please,

(Slide)

bout t h e r e e n t r y corridor. I t ' s

h t path angle t o t h e
local h o r i z o n t a l of %he ~ t m ~ s ~ ah t @t hre ~p o i n t t h a t you
 -19a-

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to experience
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Next s l i d e , please.

(Slide)

As I mentioned earlier, t h e nominal splashdown

l o n g i t u d e is 165 degrees w e s t l o n g i t u d e , j u s t a l i t t l e b i t
w e s t of H a w a i i and south. F u r t h e r s o u t h on t h e 18th. Closer
t o H a w a i i on t h e 20.t;h.
And t h e n to make s u r e we avoided the i s l a n d group
h e r e around H a w a i i , w e moved over to 175 degrees w e s t l o n g i -
t u d e on t h e 23rd, 24421, and 2 5 t h .

Next s l i d e , please.

(Slide)

I would l i k e to talk j u s t b r i e f l y about some of

t h e launch abort c a p a b i l i t y t h a t w e have i n t h e s y s t e m .
I t has been i n t h e mission r u l e s from t h e beginning of t h e
program, W e b a s i c a l l y have f o u r modes of abort d u r i n g t h e
launch phase, l i s t e d X through IV as shown here,

T h e i r basic differences are:

Mode I abort uses launch escape tower.

Mode 11 abort m e r e l y allows t h e command s e r v i c e

module t a u s e a l i t t l e RCS t h r u s t t o get away from t h e launch
v e h i c l e and t h e n it goes on and coasts, separates, and re-
e n t e r s a t a s u b o r b i t a l v e l o c i t y u s i n g t h e normal c h u t e
recovery.

Mode XI1 abort is t h e h i g h e r v e l o c i t y one which

r e q u i r e s that we burn t h e SPS s y s t e m i n a retrograde way
to slow t h e v e h i c l e down for r e e n t r y .

F i n a l l y , Mode IV is an abort mode where w e u s e

t h e c a p a b i l i t y of t h e S-IVB as shown here s t a g i n g off
t h e S-I1 earlier i n t h e e v e n t w e have a problem t o carry
t h e v e h i c l e on up i n t o o r b i t .

The c a p a b i l i t y starts a t about a l i t t l e short of

six minutes i n t o t h e launch phase.
 -21a-

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 22

We also have c a p a b i l i t y i f w e have problems a t

t h i s period of t i m e t o u s e t h e s e r v i c e p r o p u l s i o n system
i n an a c c e l e r a t i n g way t o carry t h e v e h i c l e on up i n t o
orbit .
The c o n c l u s i o n t h a t w e have come t o is t h a t when
one gets up i n t o these higher v e l o c i t y portions of t h e
launch phase, t h e safest t y p e of abort is one i n t o o r b i t ,
where you can take some t i m e t o s o r t o u t t h e problem and
t h e n perform t h e normal r e e n t r y .

Next s l i d e , please,

(Slide)

T h i s mission, l i k e a l l p r e v i o u s m i s s i o n s , has i n -
volved a number of a l t e r n a t e mission classes t h a t we are
prepared t o f l y i n t h e e v e n t of d i f f i c u l t y . There are f o u r
g e n e r i c ones on t h i s mission.

Like t h e 9 mission, w e could be l i m i t e d t o a l o w

earth o r b i t mission,

We might f i n d o u r s e l v e s w i t h a t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n
burn on t h e part of t h e S-IVB t h a t either l e a v e s us i n a
semi-synchronous earth o r b i t , which is very high apogee o r b i t ,
o r one t h a t is capable af t a k i n g circumlunar when w e use
t h e s u r f a c e p r o p u l s i o n engine t o p u t t h e l i t t l e b i t of e x t r a
energy r e q u i r e d t o get u s o u t to t h e moon.

If t h a t kind of a n anomaly occurrbd, we may n o t be

i n p o s i t i o n t o go i n t o l u n a r o r b i t ,

Obviously, t h e u l t i m a t e s i t u a t i o n is l u n a r o r b i t
option.

The a n a l y s i s t e c h n i q u e s t h a t are employed i n de-

veloping t h e r u l e s by which t h e f l i g h t directors select which
o p t i o n t o go i n t o in t h e e v e n t of t r o u b l e are shown on the
next slide, and t h i s s l i d e is a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e example of
a l o g i c diagram where we j u s t took t h i s one case where w e
completed t h e t r a n s l u n a r i n j e c t i o n burn and t h e n e x t e v e n t
is t h e LNI e x t r a c t i o n , and obviously t h e two o p t i o n s you have
there are e i t h e r , "Yes, w e are able t o , " or "No."
 -22a-

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If t h e answer is ' ~ y e s gand f w e are able t o complete

t h e l u n a r module e x t r a c t i o n , w e follow t h i s path.

If "no," w e go down a n o t h e r p a t h which h a s a

similar s t r u c t u r e t o it,

Each one of these p a t h s leads t o a set of mission

r u l e s t h a t lead t o an a l t e r n a t e mission,

For example, i f at t h e time of TLI w e found t h a t

t h e burn w a s short and would r e s u l t i n a maximum a l t i t u d e
around t h e earth of around 13,000 m i l e s , w e would modify
t h a t o r b i t and come down t o a CSM/'LM l o w earth o r b i t a l rendez-
vous mission very similar t o what w e d i d on Apollo 9.

If t h e burn w a s greater than t h a t r e q u i r e d t o get;

t o 13,000 m i l e s apogee, we would go on i n t o t h i s d e c i s i o n
block ( i n d i c a t i n g ) which looks a t t h e c a p a b i l i t y of t h a t
TLI burn and could l e a v e u s either w i t h t h e o p t i o n t o go
i n t o a l u n a r mission o r go down i n t o a mission which is a
very h i g h earth o r b i t a l mission t h a t would n o t p e r m i t u s t o
modify i t back down t o low o r b i t a l mission because of t h e
l i m i t e d d e l t a V p r o p e l l a n t s aboard t h e s e r v i c e module,

Now, there is a whole f a m i l y of these d e c i s i o n

blocks t h a t are u s e d ' i n developing t h e pyramid of a l t e r n a t e
m i s s i o n s t h a t f a l l below these three genetic categories,

Next s l i d e , please,

(Slide)

I would l i k e t o t a l k j u s t f o r a moment here about

t h e Apollo 10 TV o p e r a t i o n a l p l a n s , I don't propose t o go
through and read t h i s chart,

J u s t before coming down t o t h e b r i e f i n g , I was

advised t h a t t h e l a t e s t planning calls f o r a t o t a l of 11
d i f f e r e n t crew o p e r a t i o n s i n v o l v i n g TV. They are scattered
throughout t h e mission, and most of them are about 15 minutes
i n duration,
As you w i l l n o t e here, i t is o u r i n t e n t t o f l y a n
experiment i n v o l v i n g color TV i f we can develop i t and g e t
it prepared t o fly in t i m e to s u p p o r t t h i s m i s s i o n ,
,

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about a 59-50
the pictures and white.
T h i s g i v e s you a s ~ o r t on t h e periods
d u r i n g t h e mission when we would g various kinds of
t e l e v i s i o n coverage e
a c t u a l l y now p ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ,
periods of

Next s l i d e , please.

(Slide

In addition to t W Qbe~ c a ~r r y i~n g

t h e s t a n d a r d complement of s t i l l cameras and t h e
Mauer 16 mm, movie cameras, e l u n a r and command
modules m

These cameras w i l l be used i n consonance w i t h t h e

photographic f l i g h t p l a n t h a t h a s been developed w i t h t h e
crew t o cover these c r i t i c a l p

(Slide)

a geometry
e ~ ~ a v ~ l l i n g
he period of
t i m e that t e v i c i n i t y of t h e

e n t s on the mission
session t o
 25

I t h i n k it h a s been shown before p o s s i b l y p r i o r

t o t h e Apollo 8 missio i f there are enough of you
who are i n t e r e s t e d i n s e e i n g i t , I t h i n k you might f i n d i t
very good i n c l a r i f y i n g some of these c o n s t r a i n t s t h a t we
have t o l i v e w i t h i n f l y i n g these missions t h a t are a r e s u l t
of n a t u r e ,

0'DQIWEL.L: e w i l l take a f e w q u e s t i o n s from here,

t h e n go t o Houston, a then r e t u r n here,

QUESTION: On t h e launch phase, have, there been

any unmanned launches f or is t h i s the first t i m e
t h a t pad w i l l be u

HAGE : t had any previous launches

off of it. T first launch off of t h a t pad,

he Apollo fac
and t h e p h i l o
very obvious one, i n t h a t w e found
is t h e wrong number in
rogrant had t h e m i s f o r t u n e t o be faced
pad, Then there would
ne pad back up t o an

So we have 8 planned to have t w o pads t o sup-

port the ~~~~~ ng mission attempt.
I

0' DQNNSELL : er here.

QUESTION: H understand there is a reason why t h i s

l u n a r module 4 could not land on the moon even if i t was
desired to do so, Would you e x p l a i n t h a t reason, Mr, Hage?

The ~u~~~ module being flown on t h i s

f d e f i c i e n c i e s i n its equipment
@ ~ of ud e c i~d i n g~ t h a t we were going to
subsequent f o r t h e l a n d i n g attempt and
ad planned t o fly an F mission for some -
~ ~ radar.n ~ i ~ ~

on t h a t a l i t t l e b i t . The
n ~ u ~ ~ n i tn esuch d a way that
operation f l y i n g through t h a t
 l o n e 1 McMuI ten
radar of about
would be used
se on the sur-
to something

n augmented t o provide
g radar before we
t h e G mission.

one t h a t we have control

8
alf t h e p r o p e l l a n t s in the
order to m o r e n e a r l y
02 t h e a s c e n t stage d u r i n g
t h e rendezvous phase of t h e mission.

1 am sure you c a n u ~ d ~ t h~a t ~ t h e t l u~

n a r nmodule
~
t stage is about h a l f p r o p e l l a n t and about h a l f equip-
ment, And when you take o f from t h e moon t h e vehicle weighs
~ ~ ~ r o 10,000 ~ ~ pounds,~ a ~and~by l t h ye t i m e you reach orbit
and are ready to dock, it's altmose down to 5,000 pounds.
is is 8 very large change i n weight and i n e r t i a , and we
ve off-loaded this vehicle to nore n e a r l y match t h e dynamic
c o n d i t i o n s of c o n t r o l that t h e crew w i l l be faced with during
the actual rendezvous and d ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ,

STHON: S e v e r a l questions. What will t h e l i g h t -

i n g of t h e moon be at the time of t launch? Will i t be
a ~ a ~ ~ - rCrescent
n ~ ~ ~ moon?
?

that h e r e , The
i t y in July Is an the 16th, and t h a t is for
that chart of the
at t h a t target will be
and t h a t target is
erlymost limb. If you
ut 30 degrees around.

N: e 29 up, P t i n k we could see

it, Slide 24 up, please,

escent off of a new moorl,

and at will be
 HAGE: Here's t h e d i r e c t i o n t o t h e earth. And,
as you c a n see, you w i l l see t h i s l i t t l e p i e as lit by
t h e sun, and t h a t i n effect w i l l g i v e you a new c r e s c e n t ,
about a half-formed new c r e s c e n t , halfway between a new
moon and a half-moon,

QUESTION: And t h e o t h e r part of my q u e s t i o n w a s :

I d i d n ' t understand t h e reason behind t h e high apolune of
194 n a u t i c a l m i l e s . Because you d o n ' t have t o go t h a t h i g h
i n t h e a c t u a l planned mission.

McMULLEN: T h a t ' s correct. But, you see, w e are

s t a r t i n g off- let's see. The period of a body r e v o l v i n g
about a n o t h e r one is a f u n c t i o n of a l o t of t h i n g s , one of
which is t h e size of t h e o r b i t , t h e semi-major axis. So
when w e s t a r t o u r d e s c e n t o r b i t i n s e r t i o n , obviously we are
c u t t i n g down t h e size of t h e semi-major a x i s . As a r e s u l t ,
we are moving about t h e c e n t r a l body
moon -- -- t h a t is, about t h e
faster than we were o r i g i n a l l y , And t h e l u n a r module
winds up i n f r o n t of t h e command and s e r v i c e module.

Now, t h i s was n o t t h e c o n d i t i o n w e would have f o r

rendezvous o r f o r i n i t i a t i n g rendezvous on t h e l u n a r l a n d i n g
mission, In fact, we'd s t a r t off w i t h t h e l u n a r module
behind.

So, obviously, somehow w e have t o g e t t h e l u n a r

module back behind t h e command and s e r v i c e module. And
u s i n g t h e same rule t h a t we j u s t d i e c u s s e d , w e i n s e r t it
i n t o a real large o r b i t so t h e period of its r o t a t i o n about
t h e moon is very large, and, hence, i t f a l l s behind the
command and service module. I t winds up r i g h t a t t h e same
place t h a t w e started t h e maneuver, but it J u s t is somewhat
d i f f e r e n t r e l a t i v e t o t h e command and service module.

QUESTION: I have t r o u b l e remembering t h e meaning

or t h e purpose of t h e CSI and CDH maneuvers, and one reason
f do is I d o n ' t understand t h e meaning of those words
" c o n c e n t r i c sequence i n i t i a t i o n " w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e
actual maneuver performed, And I was wondering i f you could
take a couple of minutes t o e x p l a i n t h e r e l a t i o n of t h e words
t o t h e maneuver.

McMULLGN: Okay. I ' l l try. Could we have

Chart 36 up, please?

(Slide)
 28

The c o n c e n t r i c sequence i n i t i a t i o n - I guess I

r e a l l y c a n ' t t u r n t h e teras around, b u t t h e purpose of
b o t h t h e c o n c e n t r i c sequence i n i t i a t i o n burn and t h e con-
s t a n t d i f f e r e n t i a l h e i g h t burn is ts get u s i n t o a c i r c u l a r
o r b i t a t a c o n s t a n t h e i g h t below t h e command and s e r v i c e
module o r b i t ,

So f guess a simple way to s a y it is to m a k e s u r e

w e are i n t h e same p l a n e , t h a t we are i n a c i r c u l a r o r b i t
behind and below t h e command and s e r v i c e module. The f a c t
t h a t we are below means t h a t we are going around faster,
and hence we w i l l be c a t c h i n g up, so we want t o s t a r t off
from a p o s i t i o n behind.

WAGE: May I h e l p a l i t t l e on t h a t ? One way t o

t h i n k about t h a t is t h a t t h e maneuver a t t h i s p o i n t which
is labeled "Concentric sequence i n i t i a t i o n " does i n fact,
i f i t is a perfect maneuver, p u t t h i s v e h i c l e i n an o r b i t
t h a t is c i r c u l a r and c o n c e n t r i c w i t h i n t h e CSM o r b i t if--
it is p e r f e c t .

QUESTION: You are making one o r b i t c o n c e n t r i c

t o t h e other o r b i t ?

HAW:. Right.

McMUUN: Okay. I guess t o carry it one f u r t h e r ,

t h e c o n s t a n t d i f f e r e n t i a l h e i g h t is t o e n s u r e you m a i n t a i n
j u s t t h a t c o n s t a n t difference i n h e i g h t above t h e s u r f a c e
of t h e central body,

QUESTION: I have a couple of q u e s t i o n s , one on

t h e p e r i c y n t h i o n , Can you g i v e u s i n m i l e s uprange of t h e
a c t u a l l a n d i n g s i t e t h e p o i n t on t h e moon where t h e space-
c r a f t w i l l be closest and why i t w a s a d j u s t e d t h a t way?
In other words, what MASCON problems you are t r y i n g t o f i n d ,
photography of more l a n d i n g s i t e s t h a n j u s t one, t h a t k i n d
of t h i n g .

McMULLEN: I can answer t h e second one q u i t e clearly.

The d i s t a n c e o r t h e p o i n t a t which w e a r r i v e a t p e r i c y n t h i o n
is determined by t h e geometry of t h e l u n a r l a n d i n g mission.
T h i s is a f a l l o u t from t r y i n g t o make t h i s mission i d e n t i c a l
t o ' t h e l u n a r l a n d i n g m i s s i o n , and i d e a l l y in t h e l u n a r l a n d i n g
mission w e would a t t h e p o i n t of p e r i c y n t h i o n i n i t i a t e a
power d e s c e n t I)
 29

That is t o s a y , w e would l i g h t t h e d e s c e n t stage

and c o n t i n u e t o burn as we s l o w t h e v e h i c l e down and
c o n t r o l its d e s c e n t down t o a l a n d i n g a t t h e l a n d i n g s i t e .

Now, t h e d i s t a n c e ahead of t h e l a n d i n g s i t e I
t h i n k is around 237 m i l e s , something l i k e t h a t .

QUESTION: The s e c o n d q u e s t i o n is: You burn your

a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m engine t o get r i d of t h e a s c e n t
stage t o test t h e abort guidance system, A t JPL t h e y made
a proposal for a transponder in l u n a r o r b i t f o r about a
month f o r Apollo A p p l i c a t i o n s t o t m c k i t continuously t o
r e s o l v e this MASCON problem. Was there any c o n s i d e r a t i o n
e v e r given t o u s i n g t h e ascent p r o p u l s i o n or t h e ascent
stage -- t h a t is, l e a v i n g it i n l u n a r o r b i t a f t e r you have
done some pro and con maneuvers, retro and posigrade and
stuff like that?

HAGE: I can9% s p e c i f i c a l l y answer whether o r n o t

it was c o n s i d e r e d , I can comment on t h e fact t h a t t h e
b a t t e r y capacity of t h e a s c e n t stage is l i m i t e d , and on
Apollo 9, as I recall, after w e had separated t h e a s c e n t
stage and p u t i t i n a n unmanned mode and made a burn on
t h e primary guidance s y s t e m , w e w e r e able t o get t e l e m e t r y
for something l i k e n i n e hours, and t h e n the b a t t e r y went
dead ,

So i n order to do what you suggested here I t h i n k

i t would have r e q u i r e d m o d i f i c a t i o n of t h e spacecraft.

QUESTION: I understood you t o s a y t h a t there

w i l l be 11 TI! o p t i o n s , Could you g i v e u s t h e TV t i m e line
a g a i n , t h e 11 p o i n t s ?

HA=: I'd be glad t o do t h a t . I wonder i f I

might l e a v e i t here w i t h B i l l and you a l l can take i t , I t
is a t e n t a t i v e fist, I mean t h e t i m e s are t e n t a t i v e .
The crew w i l l exercise some o p t i o n on p r e c i s e l y
vhen these windows open up, But there are 11 l i s t e d here.

QUESTION: The t i m e w i l l be i n GET?

 i the t r a n s c r i p t .

atdon i n having t h e
50,000 feet?

i n g to d o on t h e
lunar landing decide on t h a t on
t h e lunar Ian

ave been made

le for t h e

t h e moon. The e energy you must

take out of t h e to slow t h e v e h i c l e

8 good compromise
for mini eight above t h e
surface to 2bGC rol ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ i n ~ i e

s of engineering

w e have i n

t h e t i m e you
syst e m .
QUESTION : t h e eomnland module
w i l l be t h e active vehicle ng d o c k ~ ~isg this
~ the result
of t h e d i f f i c u l t y t h e l u n a r e r bad with being
the active part in the do ?

BAG%:: I wouH t~~~ the d e c i s i o n t o use

module f o r a direct r e s u l t
learned that th the command
module, and we l e a r n e d it on Apollo 9, although I would fur-
t h e r have t o say t h a t there is a s t r o n g s u s p i c i o n i n t h e
minds of t h e crews on t h e b a s i s of t h e i r s i m u l a t i o n work
t h a t t h a t w i l l probably t u r n o u t to be t h e preferred m o d e
even before 9 was flown.
QUESTION: For how long will you be a t 50,000 feet?
There is a dotted l i n e o n t h e diagram. Cauld you w i t h your
p o i n t e r j u s t c o n t i n u e t h a t and show where it goes from there,
for how l o n g it would be there?

McMULLJEN: Could w e p u t slide 31 back up, please?

(Slide)

If you look a t t h e s l i d e , you can n o t i c e t h a t t h e

radio l i n e s t h a t p a s s f r o m t h e s u r f a c e of the moon up t o the
spacecraft are time-tagged. Pn other W C W ~ S , they start off
here a t t h e l e f t a t 600 seconds before r e a c h i n g p e r i c y n t h i o n
and pass on down t o zero a t 100 hours and 51 minutes ground
elapsed t i m e , ascend up int e very large o r b i t , w e w i l l
come back down again t o ro 50,000 feet,

I t h i n k t h i s diagram kind of exemplifies

HAGIS:
what Tom may have mentioned earlier. This shows the moon
as b e i n g round, and it is --st, This orbit is e l l i p t i c a l .
So t h e vehicle never is a taat ~ ~ t Iti s t a~r t s ~ ~ ~

igher than 50,OO dawn to $ 0 , ~ 0 0and

~ then
g m s on up,
6
\

32

QUESTION: At t h i s p o i n t , on t h a t e l
maneuver, i f you have a spacecraft s t a r t i n g of
p o i n t on t h e s u r f a c e of t h e moon i n motion and i f YOU were
s i t t i n g o n t h e moon and c o u l d n ' t.. , (Inaudible), , ,
T h e r e w e r e a number of o p t i o n s , l i k e w a i t i n g f o r t h e command
module t o go around a g a i n , and a number of other t h i n g s ,

I have had it suggested t o m e t h a t i f t h e t i m i n g

of t h i s burn, o r t h e i n t e n s i t y of i t , is off by any appre-
ciable amount t h a t t h e b u s i n e s s of g e t t i n g t h e l u n a r module
and t h e command module back together a g a i n would be enormous-
l y complicated. Would you comment on t h a t ?

McMULLEN: Well, I: t h i n k we'd make a real-time

adjustment t o t h e phasing burn, A phasing burn is d e s i g n e d
t o do j u s t exactly t h a t -- t o account f o r t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n
t i m e of t h e two s p a c e c r a f t p a s s i n g s o m e p o i n t , So t h a t if
w e do have a problem g e t t i n g t h e burn o f f , i t w i l l j u s t be
a matter of changing t h e m o u n t of v e l o c i t y change and hence
t h e size of t h e o r b i t t h a t w e use f o r phasing, and t h a t
a d j u s t s t h e t i m e automatically.

QUESTION: Could you g i v e me t h e t o t a l number of

o r b i t s t h e CSM w i l l make around t h e moon, t h e number of
o r b i t s it w i l l m a k e w i t h t h e LM detached and t h e t i m e from
TLI t o LOI?

HAGE: Y e s . As a r u l e of thumb, it is one o r b i t

every t w o hours. That is a f a i r l y a c c u r a t e r u l e of thumb.
I t w i l l be i n o r b i t 61-1/2 hours, and roughly 30 o r b i t s .

Letts see. The second part of your q u e s t i o n w a s --

QUESTION: How many of those o r b i t s w i l l be w i t h
t h e LM detached?

HAGE: With t h e LM detached'?

QUESTION: Yes.

HAGE: Well, t h e LM is detached for a l i t t l e over

e i g h t h o u r s , so t h a t would be f o u r o r b i t s ,

I QUESTION: Another part w a s t h e l e n g t h 01 t i m e

f r o m TLI t o LOI.
 33

HA=: TLI to o c c u r s at t w o hours and

34 minutes from launch, CCUFS a t f i v e days, 18 hours
and 26 minutes from launch,

QUESTION: What about

QUESTION: Could you repeat those f i g u r e s ?

EA=: Translunar i n j e c t i o n , t w o hours and 34 minutes

from launch, Lunar orbit i n s e r t i o n , t h e f i r s t o r b i t , t h e el-
l i p t i c a l orbit, three days, f o u r hours, and 49 minutes, And
transearth i n j e c t i o n , five days, 18 hours and 26 minutes,

QUESTION: Once the l u n a r module is detached and

in its elliptical orbit, if the a s c e n t e n g i n e fails is there
any way t h a t t h e command module c a n dock w i t h t h e l u n a r module?

HAGE: Yes. L e t m e J u s t comment on t h e m i s s i o n

philosophy, I t is i d e n t i c a l t o t b e philosophy w e had on
A p o l l o 9. There is no s i t u a t i o n d u r i n g t h e separated rendez-
vous wherein there i s n ' t a backup p r o p u l s i o n m o d e a v a i l a b l e
i n t h e e v e n t t h a t t h e primary m o d e f a i l s , s u c h as u s i n g t h e
RCS i n s t e a d of t h e a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n , and on e v e r y maneuver
t h e command module w i l l be t a r g e t i n g for a m i r r o r image
maneuver, and in t h e e v e n t t h e LP$ i g n i t i o n does not take
place, t h e command and s e r v i c e module w i l l i n effect make
a mirror image maneuver t h a t would b r i n g t h e t w o of t h e m back
together again.

So no s i n g l e p r o p u l s i o n s y s t e m f a i l u r e would p r e s e n t
a c r e w hazard, s i n c e t h e r e is a l w a y s an alternate o p t i o n way
of g e t t i n g t h e two v e h i c l e s together.

QUESTION: Could we have t h a t GET chart up while

we are t a l k i n g ? .

HA=: Sure, C h a r t 12, please,

(Slide)

O'DONNELL: These charts will all be included in

the transcript, i n c i ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ y ~

Let's s w i t c hen we come back, we

w i l l get some questio pb
 34

Does Houston have some q u e s t i o n s ?

QUESTION: A s i m p l e q u e s t i o n . W e d i d n o t have
t h e b e n e f i t of t h e slides t h a t you had i n Washington. W i l l
you g i v e u s throughout t h e e n t i r e m i s s i o n t h e GET t i m e f o r
major o p e r a t i o n s ? Would you give u s t h e specific launch
d a y s and t h e specific timea of t h e windows for each day?
Would you g i v e us t h e GET t i m e s f o r t h e Ty?

O'DONNELL: Those a l l w i l l be included i n t h e t r a n s -

cripts that w e w i l l get o u t tomorrow. W e w i l l g e t them down
t o Houston j u s t as soon as w e can.

Do you have any more q u e s t i o n s ?

QUESTION: However, t h a t d o e s n ' t h e l p i f w e are

writing a story tonight.

HAGE: B i l l , c a n I s u g g e s t t h a t these might be

s e n t by telephone d i r e c t l y after t h e b r i e f i n g ?

O'WNNELL: A l l r i g h t . W e w i l l send them down

by FAX machine. You should be g e t t i n g them i n a n o t h e r hour,

Okay. Back here now.

QUESTION: I ' m i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e earliest p o s s i b l e

launch. As I recall, M r . Hage gave u s 11:49 p.m., E.S.T.,
making t h i s t h e earliest possible launch, and t h e n l a t e r
he referred t o a d a y l i g h t launch and recovery. W i l l you c l e a r
t h i s up f o r m e , please?

HAGE: I'll t r y , 11:49 a.m. E a s t e r n Standard Time

on t h e 1 8 t h , which r e s u l t s i n a d a y l i g h t launch and a day-
l i g h t recovery .
QUESTION: I s n ' t there some confusion first of a l l ,
George? You keep s a y i n g 11:49 E a s t e r n Standard, and t h e
country is on d a y l i g h t . You mean 1 2 : 4 9 , E a s t e r n D a y l i g h t ,
d o n ' t you?

HAGE: You've got m e on t h a t one, J u l e s . I t h i n k

t h i s is standard t i m e . I t h i n k t h i s is computed i n s t a n d a r d
t i m e , It has not been corrected f o r d a y l i g h t y e t .

QUESTION: Okay. Is there any chance a t a l l of ,

t h e TV camera, black and w h i t e o r color, being operated from
 35

t h e LM d u r i n g any of those l o w passes?

HAGE: No, t h e p r o v i s i o n s f o r t h e TV s y s t e m
don't e x i s t i n t h e l u n a r module, The a c t i v i t i e s t h a t t h e
crew w i l l be involved i n d u r i n g t h a t phase of t h e mission
are so demanding t h a t we j u s t d i d n ' t make p r o v i s i o n for it.

QUESTION: There is no way of simply b r a c k e t i n g

t h e camera on w h i l e t h e y are d o i n g t h e i r landmark s i g h t i n g
and --
HAGE: T h e r e are no electrical connections f o r t h e
camera i n LM-4.

QUESTION: Could someone summarize t h e number of

burns t h a t w i l l be mads while you are i n l u n a r o r b i t and
how many of these w i l l take place o u t of s i g h t of t h e e a r t h ?

HAGE: Both of t h e l u n a r o r b i t i n s e r t i o n burns,

first t h e e l l i p t i c a l and t h e n t h e c i r c u l a r o r b i t , are behind
t h e moon, C o l o n e l McMullen is going through t h e ones involved
i n lunar orbit.

McMULLEN: T h e r e w i l l be a t o t a l of f i v e LM burns
t h a t are out of s i g h t , of Manned Spaceflight Network and a
t o t a l of f i v e t h a t w e w i l l be able to see from earth, so f i v e
we cannot and f i v e we can.

QUESTION: The l a s t f i v e l u n a r module?

McMULLEN: A l l t e n of those I gave were l u n a r module

b u r n s ,.
HAGEr T r a n s e a r t h i n j e c t i o n burn is a l s o from b e h i n d
the moon, t h e one t h a t b r i n g s them o u t on t h e way home.

McMULLEN: If you are keeping book on these, three

of t h e b u r n s I m v e you were t h e b r a k i n g maneuver, so w e a l l
wind up w i t h numbers adding up to t h e r i g h t number of burns.

O'DONNELL: Let's get one q u e s t i o n here and w e ' l l

s w i t c h t o Houston.
I

age could g i v e us
a progress TV camera that

fc t h a t we w i l l have
l a s t validation test
which w i l l give during countdown
demonstratfon w t h e whole s y s t e m ,
i n c l u d i n g t h e grou nies through t h e
network to
. i t c h t o Houston now.

(NO response. >

A l l right. Back re in Washington. A couple more.

QUESTION: What happens to t h e , , (Inaudible)?

A r e there any more burns to t h a t to gel; it out?

HAGE: I t w i l l remain in t h a t high e l l i p t i c a l o r b i t .

e have no way of commanding t h e descent

stage once we do t h e s t a g i n g maneuver of the l u n a r module.

0 9 : Okay, Back here.

any other women's name

audible), ..
W i l l there be
on t h e moo as a r e s u l t of Apollo 101

HAGE: The procedure by which landmarks on t h e moon

are officialf

*I .It unofficial labelling,

rised if there a r e n ' t , b u t

8.9

a l t e r n a t e missions, f o r
is it impossible in
raetice operations?

It might be
quite rest don't want to get t h e
here we can't
 7

esrcised t h e
antage of LM o p e r a t i o n s ,

t h e Apollo 8 margins
t h a t we d i d n ' t
pol10 10 are also
cause we are n o t

So i n f e q u a t e Apollo 8
command service module margins as
equal level,
ill be o p e r a t i n g at
t h e same cons w i l l be o p e r a t i n g
Apollo 11 at. believe t h e lowest
one we ha of 10 per c e n t of t h e
total, but I It's in that general
v i c i n i t y , We nned i n t o the CSM for
t h e landing ~ p ~ c~o n d~i t i o tn s e
~ those
w i t h t h e Apo

iscuss in a l i t t l e
ade t o t h e l a n d i n g
n t weigh?Are
you confiden translatable
st program €or t h e
u n i t is 8C

i f f e s of t h e changes
e on t h e test
l a n d i n g radar

s of e q u i v a l e n t
landing radar f l y i n g
of ranges t h a t i t
y t h i n g t h a t is
airnst t h e earth

PY t would give
U %
 38

l u n a r s u r f a c e t h a t m i g h t be d i f f e r e n t t h a n w e a n t i c i p a t e ,
we have added e s s e n t i a l l y e l e c t r i c a l pickoffs f r o m t h e four
beams of t h e radar that are f e d o u t on t e l e m e t r y s y s t e m s ,
and w e w i l l read t h e s i g n a t u r e t h a t comes back from t h o s e
four’beams and u s e i t a,s a means of c o r r e l a t i n g w i t h what
w e have g o t t e n from our a i r c r a f t tests.

So we t h i n k i t is going t o be a very meaningful

test.
U

0’ LL: Any more q u e s t i o n s ?

Back here,

t h a t t h e phase burn w a s designed

t o give s i m i l a r itions f o r t h e rendezvous. Are

MCMU w i l l wind up w i t h e s s e n t i a l l y
t h e same f i g h t i t w i l l be o c c u r r i n g i n
e s s e n t i a l l y the-- 11 wind up w i t h i n p o s i t i o n s t o g i v e
u s a rendezvous e s s e n t i a l l y above t h e same p o i n t s on t h e l u n a r
s u r f a c e , so e6 entiakllly the phasing burn coupled w i t h t h e
i n s e r t i o n burn-- A t t h e completion of t h e i n s e r t i o n burn w e
should have c o n d i t i o n s t a t are i d e n t i c a l t o what w e w i l l be
s e e i n g on t h e l u n a r Banding mission a t t h e completion of t h e
launch and i n s e r t i o n i n t o o r b i t from t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e .

*IxIMNELL: One more.

~ ~ X S ~You ~ mentioned
Q ~ : t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of the
command module going t o rendezvous w i t h t h e l u n a r module.
Does t h i s i n any way compromise your a b i l i t y t o l e a v e t h e
l u n a r , g e t the command back?

GE: The service p r o p u l s i o n system p r o p e l l a n t

i n c l u d e s capab or t h a t k i n d of rescue, and t h e margins
we have are a b beyond t h a t , .That is designed i n
to t h e p r o p e l l a n t .

: Okay. Thank you very much, George and

Tom.

W e w i l l now be s w i t c h i n g over t o Houston. We have

some gentlemen s t a n d i n g by there,