§Ò C¦¥NG ¤N TËP TIÕNG ANH K× II LíP 11

UNIT 8:
T writes some sentences on the board and asks Ps to comment on the use
of one(s), some one, no one, anyone, and everyone.
+ I don’t like the red shirt; I prefer the blue one.
+ Don’t buy the sour oranges. Buy the sweet ones.
+There’s someone waiting for the director in the office.
+ Did someone call me last night?
+ Have you met anyone like him?
+ Don’t tell anyone my secret.
+ No one likes her story.
+ Everyone laughs at him.
Ps work in pairs to work out the use of the pronouns.
T check with the whole class, making clear that:
+ One and ones are used to replace a previously mentioned noun when
we do not want to repeat that noun. One replaces a singular noun, and
ones replaces a plural noun.
+ Some one= somebody. It used with a singular verb in (1) an
affirmative statement or (2) a question when the speaker / write expects
the ‘yes’ answer.
+ Anyone = anybody. It used with a singular verb. It is used to refer to
every person or all people.
Note: These expressions have a singular meaning and take a singular
verb, so personal pronouns and possessive adjectives should logically he
/ she. Him / her , his/ her.
However, in modern English plural forms are more common:
+ Everyone has come in haven’t they?
+ no one should leave their luggage on the bus.

T asks several Ps to give similar examples and gives feedback.

UNIT 9:
Defining relative clauses and non- defining relative clauses
1. Defining relative clauses:
MÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ h¹n ®Þnh
§Æc ®iÓm cña mÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ h¹n ®Þnh:
- CÇn thiÕt cho nghÜa cña c¶ c©u.
- Kh«ng ë gi÷a 2 dÊu phÈy.
- Cã chøc n¨ng nh tÝnh tõ.
- B¾t ®Çu b»ngwho, whom, which cã thÓ ®îc thay b»ng that.
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 - B¾t ®Çu b»ng whose cã thÓ thay thÕ cho of which
Khi ®Ò cËp ®Õn thø g× ®ã thuéc vÒ së h÷u cña mét quèc gia, thø g×
®ã ®îc tæ chøc, s¾p xÕp thµnh 1 quy luËt
2. non- defining relative clauses:
MÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ ( Kh«ng h¹n ®Þnh)
MÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ cßn ®îc gäi lµ mÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ.
§Æc ®iÓm:
- Kh«ng tuyÖt ®èi cÇn thiÕt cho ý nghÜa cña c¶ c©u.
- Lo¹i bá mÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ kh«ng h¹n ®Þnh, mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh vÉn cã
®Çy ®ñ ý nghÜa.
- MÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ kh«ng h¹n ®Þnh chØ thªm mét Ýt th«ng tin phô
cho mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
- MÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ kh«ng h¹n ®Þnh thêng ë gi÷a 2 dÊu phÈy(,)
- Gi÷a mªnh ®Ò chÝnh vµ mÖnh ®Ò kh«ng h¹n ®Þnh cã dÊu phÈy
ng¨n c¸ch ë gi÷a.
- B¾t ®Çu b»ng who, whom, hoÆc which nhng Ko bao giê b¾t ®Çu
b»ng THAT.
Example:
_ Jack’s father, who is 90, goes swimming everyday.
Who is 90 = non- defining relative clauses, chØ cung cÊp thªm chi tiÕt
phô mµ th«i.
- The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for five
years, has just been sold.
- Which has been empty for five years= non- defining relative
clauses
MÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ ko h¹n ®Þnh ko h¹n ®Þnh ®îc nªu ra lµm vÝ dô cho
chóng ta biÕt th«ng tin phô vÒ ngêi vµ ng«i
nhµ.
• Chóng ta ko dung THAT vµ ko thÓ bá WHO hoÆc WHICH.
• Chóng ta ph¶i ®Æt dÊu phÈy ngay phÝa tríc mÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ ko h¹n
®Þnh vµ ngay phÝa sau nã. MÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ ko h¹n ®Þnh n»m gi÷a
hai dÊu phÈy.
- Yesterday I met Hoa, who told me, she was getting married.
Exercise: Put in the relative clauses. Supply the commas where
necessary.
Example:
Zedco has ten thousand employees. It is an international company.
=> Zedco, which has ten thousand emploees, is an international
company.
1. Vicky’s name was missed off the list, so she wasn’t very pleased.
Vicky ……………………………………………wasn’t very pleased.
2. Laura painted a picture, and it’s being shown in an exhibition.

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The picture…………………………………………...is being shown in an
exhibition.
3. We’re all looking forward to a concert. It’s next Sartuday.
The concert……………………………………….. is next Sartuday.
Answer:
1. Vicky, whose name was missed off the list, wasn’t very pleased.
2. The picture which Laura painted is being shown in an exhibition.

The concert which we’re all looking forward, is next Saturday.

UNIT 10:
Relative Pronouns with prepositions:
Show the picture on the board. Point to the boy and tell Ps: This is Tom.
This man is his teacher.
Then ask Ps:
_ Who is Tom talking to? – He is talking to the teacher.
Write on the board:
The man is Tom’s teacher. Tom is talking to him.
Ask Ps: Who can combine these two sentences into one?
 The man to Whom Tom is talking is his teacher.
Write some other examples on the board:
e.g: I’ll introduce you to the man. I share a flat with him.
- This is the magazine. I talked about it yesterday.
Ask Ps to combine the sentences into one.
-Copy these sentences on the board.
a- Formal:
* The man to whom Tom is talking is his teacher.
* I’ll introduce you to the man with whom I share a flat.
* This is the magazine about which I talked yesterday.
b- Informal:
* The man whom / who / that Tom is talking to is his teacher.
* I’ll introduce you to the man whom/ who / that I share a flat with.
* This is the magazine about which / that I talked yesterday.
Elicit the use of relative pronouns with prepositions from Ps.
Notes: - A relative pronoun can be the object of a preposition.
- In formal English we can put the preposition before whom or
which. We cannot leave out whom or which here, and we cannot use
who or that.
- In informal English the preposition can come after the verb or the
object of the verb. We can also leave out the relative pronoun.
( Whom is formal and rather old- fashioned. In everyday speech we
often use who).
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UNIT 11:

Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives.

1- Active participles:
Show a picture of a girl playing with adog and tell Ps:
- She is Lan’s sister. What is she doing?
- She is playing with her dog.
Eliciting question: Who can combine the sentences into one?
Write on the board:
* The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister.
 The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister.
* The man who spoke to John is my brother.
=> The man speaking to John is my brother.
Ask Ps to look at the examples carefully. Elicit the rules from Ps.
Write the notes on the board.
Note: We can use a present participle to replace a relative clause which
has an active meaning.
2- Passive participles:
Show the second picture and tell Ps:
The picture has won the first prize. It was drawn by a blind.
Ask Ps to combine the two sentences into one
• The picture which was drawn by a blind has won the first prize.
 The picture drawn by a blind has won the first prize.
Elicit the rule from Ps.
Write the notes on the board.
Notes:
- We can use a past participle to replace a relative clause which has a
passive meaning.
3- Infinitive relative clauses:
Ask Ps:
a- Which was the first country which won the world cup?
Have Ps ask that question in another way.
 Which was the first country to win the world cup?
b- The last person who leaves will have to turn out the lights.
=> The last person to leave will have to turn out the lights.
Ask Ps to look at the examples carefully.
Elicit the rules from Ps.
Write the otes on the board.
Notes:
- We can use a to- infinitive to replace a relative clause.

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We offen use a to- infinitive after an ordinal number ( first, second…),
after next and last, after, only, and after superlative adjectives.

UNIT 12:

Relative clauses and the omission of relative pronouns:

Ask Ps to recall the use of relative Clause.
Copy the setences below on the board.
Ask Ps to read it carefully. Elicit the use of relative pronound as subject or
relative pronoun as object.
Elicit when we can leave out the relatoive pronouns.
Relative clause( revision)
- MÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ cßn ®îc gäi lµ mÖnh ®Ò tÝnh tõ. Mçi mét mÖnh ®Ò
®Òu cã sù liªn hÖ víi danh tõ. TÝnh tõ hoÆc côm giíi t cã thÓ bæ nghÜa
cho danh tõ. §¹i tõ kÕt nèi mÖnh ®Ò liªn hÖ víi mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh. C¸c ®¹i
tõ liªn hÖ cã thÓ lµm chñ ng÷ hoÆc t©n ng÷ cho mÖnh ®Ò.
Relative clause as Subject:
- They got on the first train that came.
- We don’t like the people who/ that talk a lot.
* The pronouns who / which/ that can be the subject of a relative clause.
Relative clause as Object:
- They got the first train that we saw.
- I like reading the book which/ that you lent me yesterday.
* The pronouns who / which/ that can be the object of a relative clause.
Omission of relative pronouns:
We can leave out the pronoun when it is not the subject of the relative
clause. Clauses without pronouns are very common in informal English.
( Chóng ta cã thÓ lîc bá c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hÖ who, which, that khi chóng lµ
t©n ng÷. Chóng ta thêng lîc bá c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hÖ nµy trong v¨n nãi.)
- That’s the lovely girl( who/ that) I met at Hai’s party.
- She show me the paintings( which / that ) she had brought
back from London.
Khi c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hÖ lµm chñ ng÷ cña 1 mÖnh ®Ò th× ta kh«ng thÓ lîc
bá chóng ®i ®îc.
- The woman who wrote this letter is a journalist.
( NOT: The woman wrote this letter is a journalist.)
- The picture that took first prize was my uncle’s.
( NOT: The picture took first prize was my uncle’s)

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UNIT 13:

T draws a boy who gave a rose to a girl.

T asks:
- What are their names?( Tom and Mary)
What did Tom do?( He gave a rose to Mary)
T: Now, who can rewrite that sentence, beginning as shown?
T writes on the BB: It was Tom.
Expected answer:
It was Tom who gave a rose to Mary.
T explains: Tom in the above sentences is subject of the sentence. To
emphsize, we can begin the sentence with It was Tom who…
Tom gave a rose to Mary.
Subject
It was Tom who gave a rose to Mary.
T draws a girl who saw a cat.
T asks: What did the girl see? ( A cat)
Yes, good. T writes:
The girl saw a cat.
T: Is the cat here the subject or object of the sentence? ( Object)
T: Who can rewrite the sentences as shown?
It was the cat…
Expected answer:
It was the cat that the girl saw.
T explains how to write cleft sentences with object focus.
The girl saw the cat.
Object
It was the cat that the girl saw.
T expands the second sentence.
T writes:
The girl saw the cat in the garden.
Now, who can rewrite my sentence as shown?
It was in the garden…
Expected answer:
It was in the garden that the girl saw the cat.
T explains how to write cleft sentence in case you pay attention to
adverbial modifier of the sentence.
The girl saw the cat in the garden .
Abverbial modifier
It was in the garden that the girl saw the cat.
T writes the form
It (is/ was) + N/ adverbial modifier + who/ that + V
Ask Ps to make their own sentences individually2. Grammar:
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UNIT 14:

1.Conjunctions:

Both…and, not only… but also, either ….or, neither …nor.T draws
two boys going to school.
T writes the names: Nam, Huy
T asks: are they boys or girls? (boys)
What are their names? ( Nam and Huy)
What do they do? ( They are students)
T remarks.
Nam is a student, and Huy is also a student. T writes:
*Both …and: Võa…võa
Both Nam and Huy are students.
T elicit and writes this form:
Both + N1( adj/ verb/ adverbial phrase…) + and + N2( adj/ verb/
adverbial phrase …)
* neither…nor: Kh«ng …mµ còng kh«ng…( Dïng ®Ó liªn kÕt hai ý t-
ëng gièng nhau, ph¶n nghÜa víi both...and.)
Now look at Nam and Huy again. Are they doctors?( No)
So, we write.
Neither nam nor Huy are doctors.
Neither + N1 (adj…) + or + N2 (adj)
- My husband neither smoke nor drink.
- Neither Jack nor Alice was at home.
“ I can’t swim” “ Neither can I”/ “ Nor can I”
* either …or: HoÆc…hoÆc…
T: Now, you see Nam is 16 years old, and Huy is 17 years old. So, we can
say
Either Nam or Huy is 16 years old.
Either + N1(adj… ) + or + N2(adj…)
* not only…but also: kh«ng nh÷ng …..mµ cßn…
- She is not only beautiful but also intelligent.
- His son both plays the piano and sings.
2. Cleft sentences in the passive:
T revise the previous lesson about cleft sentences, explaining that this
time the passive voice is used.
We can change an active sentence into cleft sentences in the passive:E.g:
- It was the cat that was seen by the girl.
- It was in the garden that the cat was seen.
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Form:
It(is/was) + N/ abverbial modifier + who/ that + (be) + pp
- It is a book that was bought for me yesterday.
Sentences in the Cleft sentences in the
active passive
My mother It was my birthday that
prepaired my was prepaired by my
birthday party. mother

He sweep the floor It is the floor that is

everyday. swept by him.

UNIT 15:

1. modal verbs
Could/ couldn’t or was/ were (not) able to.
T shows a picture of a man running.
T asks:
- Could he run fast five years ago?( Yes)
T writes on the board:
- He could run fast five years ago.
T shows a picture of a man whose leg was hurt but he was running fast.
T asks: Did his leg hurt? ( Yes)
T writes:
- His leg hurt but he was able to run fast.
T explains.
Can: have the ability or opportunity to do st
ex: He can speak three languages
Could:
- had ability in the past. Some verbs : see, hear. Smell, taste, fell,
remember, understand.
- express an ability
was/ were able to:
- had the specific ability to do st
- express an effort to do Sth.
Ask Ps to make sentences with the structures with could/ was/ were able
to.

2. Question Tags

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UNIT 16:

1. It is said/ believed that...and People say that...

- Teacher gives examples:
It is said that time is money.
People say that time is money.
- T remarks: C¶ hai cïng cã nghÜa lµ: Ngêi ta nãi r»ng.
+ It is said/ believed that: Dïng cho d¹ng bÞ ®éng cña c©u víi tóc tõ lµ
mét mÖnh ®Ò.
- T focuses the form:
S1 + V1 (that) + S2 + V2 + 0 + M
 It + be + V1 (V-edP2) (that) S2 + V2 + 0 +
M
 S2 + be + V1 (V-edP2) + V2 (infinitive) +
0+M
- T asks Ss to give some examples and rewrite the sentences using the
above structures.
- Teacher gives examples:
It is said that health is more precious than gold.
 Health is said to be more precious than gold.
a. MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh vµ mÖnh ®Ò tóc tõ cïng thêi gian (cïng th×): V2 ®îc
ë d¹ng nguyªn mÉu ®¬n.
People believe (that) knowledge is the key to open all things.
 Knowledge is believed to be the key to open all things.
b. MÖnh ®Ò tóc tõ diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng x¶y ra tríc hµnh ®éng cña mÖnh
®Ò chÝnh V2 ®îc ë d¹ng nguyªn mÉu hoµn thµnh.
They know that the prisoner escaped from the jail.
 The prisoner is believed to have escaped from the jail.
c. MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh vµ mÖnh ®Ò tóc tõ cïng thêi gian nhng kh¸c th×: V2
®îc ë th× tiÕp diÔn vµ V1 ë th× ®¬n.
They think that the police are searching for the murderer.
 The police are thought to be searching for the murderer.