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‌Noi,‌‌oamenii,‌ ‌in‌‌general,‌‌suntem‌‌foarte‌‌expresivi,‌‌fie‌‌ca‌‌vrem,‌‌fie‌‌ca‌‌nu‌‌vrem.

‌  ‌
Expresiile‌‌faciale‌‌‌constiente‌‌ne‌‌ajuta‌‌sa‌‌impartasim‌‌sentimente‌‌de‌‌iubire‌‌si‌‌compasiune,‌‌
 
intelegere‌s‌ i‌‌colaborare,‌‌dezgust‌‌si‌‌consternare.‌‌Practic‌‌acestea‌‌fiind‌‌niste‌‌stari‌‌prin‌‌care‌‌
 
indiferent‌‌ca‌‌ne‌‌dorim‌‌sau‌‌nu,‌‌tot‌‌le‌‌traim‌‌la‌‌un‌‌moment‌‌dat.‌‌Aceste‌‌expresii‌‌faciale‌‌pot‌‌fi‌‌de‌‌
 
asemenea‌‌folosite‌‌ca‌‌o‌‌masca,‌‌pentru‌‌a‌‌ascunde‌‌alte‌‌sentimente‌‌,‌‌dar‌‌nu‌‌pot‌‌face‌‌sa‌‌dispara‌‌ 
complet‌‌nici‌‌un‌‌sentiment‌‌intens.‌‌Oricat‌‌de‌‌mult‌‌ne-am‌‌dori‌‌sa‌‌credem‌‌ca‌‌avem‌‌control‌‌
 
complet‌‌asupra‌‌sentimentelor‌‌noastre‌‌si‌‌sa‌‌putem‌‌alege‌‌daca‌‌sa‌‌le‌‌aratam‌‌sau‌‌nu,‌‌lucrurile‌‌stau‌‌
 
cu‌‌totul‌‌altfel.‌‌Orice‌‌emotie‌‌pe‌‌care‌‌reusim‌‌sa‌‌o‌‌alungam‌‌ de‌‌pe‌‌fata‌‌se‌‌va‌‌scurge‌‌pana‌‌la‌‌urma‌‌
 
in‌‌exterior‌‌-adesea‌‌prin‌‌miscarile‌‌corpului‌‌ si‌‌uneori‌‌prin‌‌micro-expresii.‌  ‌
 ‌
‌Microexpresiile‌‌‌sunt‌‌scurte‌‌expresii‌‌faciale‌‌involuntare‌‌afisate‌‌de‌‌fata‌‌umana‌‌in‌‌
 
functie‌‌de‌‌emotia‌‌experimentata.‌‌Acestea‌‌sunt‌r‌ eactii‌‌involuntare‌‌ale‌‌muschilor‌‌fetei‌‌care‌‌au‌‌
 
loc‌‌atunci‌‌cand‌‌experimentam‌‌diferite‌‌emotii.‌‌Practic,‌‌lucrurile‌‌pe‌‌care‌‌le‌‌simtim‌‌sunt‌‌
 
„afisate” cu‌‌ajutorul‌‌muschilor‌‌fetei‌‌si‌‌„tradeaza”‌‌emotiile‌‌pe‌‌care‌‌le‌‌experimentam.‌S
‌ e‌‌
 
produc‌‌cu‌‌o‌‌rapiditate‌‌intre‌‌15ms‌‌si‌‌25‌‌ms.‌‌Cel‌‌mai‌‌des‌‌in‌‌situatii‌‌cu‌‌miza‌‌mare‌‌in‌‌care‌‌
 
persoana‌‌poate‌‌castiga‌‌ori‌‌pierde‌‌ceva.‌‌Astfel‌‌microexpresiile‌‌reprezinta‌‌importanti‌‌indicatori‌‌
 
ce‌‌pot‌‌duce‌‌la‌‌dezvaluirea‌‌unei‌‌emotii‌‌pe‌‌care‌‌persoana‌‌incearca‌‌sa‌‌o‌‌ascunda.‌  ‌
Identificare‌‌faciala‌‌se‌‌refera‌‌doar‌‌la‌‌indentificarea‌‌persoanelor,‌‌dar‌‌recunoasterea‌‌emotiilor‌‌ 
faciale‌‌se‌‌refera‌‌nu‌‌la‌‌identificarea‌‌oamenilor,‌‌ci‌‌se‌‌concentreaza‌‌pe‌‌intelegerea‌‌emotiilor.‌  ‌

Indiferent‌d‌ e‌‌cultura‌‌de‌‌care‌‌apartin‌‌sau‌‌de‌‌limba‌‌materna‌‌a‌‌cuiva,‌‌toti‌‌oamenii‌‌afiseaza‌‌in‌‌
 
acelasi‌‌fel,‌‌pe‌‌chipul‌‌lor,‌‌emotii‌‌universale.‌‌Initial,‌‌au‌‌fost‌‌descoperite‌‌6‌‌tipuri‌‌de‌‌astfel‌‌de‌‌
 
emotii:‌‌fericirea,‌‌tristetea,‌‌surpriza,‌‌frica,‌‌dezgustul‌‌si‌‌furia.‌‌Mai‌‌tarziu,‌‌pe‌‌aceasta‌‌lista‌‌a‌‌fost‌‌
 
adaugata‌‌o‌‌a‌‌saptea‌‌emotie,‌‌dispretul.‌I‌ nvatarea‌‌decodarii‌‌si‌‌interpretarii‌‌microexpresiilor‌‌
 
faciale‌‌poate‌‌fi‌‌de‌‌maxima‌‌importanta‌‌in‌‌interviul‌‌de‌‌selectie,‌‌educatie,‌‌vanzari‌‌sau‌‌marketing.‌‌ 
Astfel,‌‌pe‌‌de‌‌o‌‌parte,‌‌se‌‌exprima‌‌emotii‌‌reale‌‌traite‌‌de‌‌catre‌‌persoanele‌‌care‌‌le‌‌exprima‌‌si,‌‌pe‌‌
 
de‌‌alta‌‌pate,‌‌se‌‌mimeaza‌‌constient‌‌aceste‌‌emotii‌‌in‌‌vederea‌‌atingerii‌‌scopurilor‌‌propuse.‌‌Rolul‌‌
 
psihologului‌‌intervine‌‌acolo‌‌unde‌‌granita‌‌dintre‌‌costient‌‌si‌‌incostient‌‌este‌‌aproape‌‌
 
imperceptibil‌‌de‌‌trasat.‌  ‌

1‌  ‌
 ‌
In‌‌procesul‌‌afectiv‌‌este‌‌foarte‌‌importanta‌‌baza‌‌fiziologica‌‌(in‌‌special‌‌rolul‌‌sistemului‌‌nervos‌‌
 
vegetativ‌‌simpatic,‌‌al‌‌hipotalamusului‌‌si‌‌al‌‌scoartei‌‌cerebrale‌‌in‌‌coordonarea‌‌reactiilor‌‌
 
afective).‌‌
   ‌

 ‌
Metode‌‌utilizate‌‌pentru‌‌identificarea‌‌expresiilor‌‌faciale:‌  ‌
1. fMRI‌‌ ‌Ekman‌‌(1999)‌‌a‌‌evidentiat‌‌cu‌‌ajutorul‌f‌ MRI‌‌‌(Imageriei‌‌prin‌‌rezonanta‌‌
   ‌
magnetica‌‌nucleara‌‌functionala)‌ ‌faptul‌‌ca‌‌microexpresiile‌‌faciale‌‌sunt‌‌recunoscute‌‌ 
inconstient.‌ ‌Imagistica‌‌prin‌‌rezonanta‌‌magnetica‌‌functionala‌‌sau‌‌fMRI‌‌este‌‌un‌‌tip‌‌special‌‌de‌‌
 
imagistica‌‌prin‌‌rezonanta‌‌magnetica‌‌(IRM)‌‌care‌‌masoara‌‌activitatea‌‌creierului‌‌prin‌‌detectarea‌‌
 
schimbarilor‌‌in‌‌fluxul‌‌sanguin.‌ 
Cu‌‌ajutorul‌‌tehnicilor‌‌de‌‌imagistica‌‌prin‌‌rezonanta‌‌magnetica,‌‌psihologii‌‌au‌‌demonstrat‌‌ca,‌‌
 
atunci‌‌cand‌‌sunt‌‌prezentate‌‌unor‌‌persoane‌‌imagini‌‌cu‌‌chipuri‌‌mai‌‌mult‌‌sau‌‌mai‌‌putin‌‌credibile,‌‌ 
raspunsurile‌‌difera.‌‌Preocupati‌‌pentru‌‌cei‌‌batrani,‌‌care‌‌sunt‌‌foarte‌‌vulnerabili‌‌si‌‌pot‌‌deveni‌‌cu‌‌
 
usurinta‌‌victimele‌‌unor‌‌fraude,‌‌oamenii‌‌de‌‌stiinta‌‌din‌‌cadrul‌‌Universitatii‌‌U.C.L.A.‌‌ 
(California)‌‌au‌‌observat‌‌cum‌‌reactioneaza‌‌aceste‌‌persoane‌‌cand‌‌se‌‌confrunta‌‌cu‌‌figuri‌‌ce‌‌
 
denota‌‌incredere,‌‌neincredere‌‌sau‌‌sunt‌‌neutre.‌‌Concluzia‌‌a‌‌fost‌‌ca‌‌''sistemul‌‌visceral‌‌de‌‌
 
avertizare‌‌care‌‌ii‌‌ajuta‌‌pe‌‌tinerii‌‌adulti‌‌sa‌‌fie‌‌precauti,‌‌nu‌‌functioneaza‌‌la‌‌fel‌‌de‌‌bine‌‌in‌‌cazul‌‌
 
persoanelor‌‌in‌‌varsta''.‌‌Dar‌‌de‌‌ce‌‌persoanele‌‌in‌‌varsta‌‌sunt‌‌mai‌‌vulnerabile‌‌si‌‌mai‌‌usor‌‌de‌‌
 
inselat?‌‌Cauza‌‌poate‌‌fi‌‌imbatranirea‌‌creierului.‌‌Doua‌‌studii‌‌efectuate‌‌la‌‌Universitatea‌‌din‌‌
 
California,‌‌Los‌‌Angeles‌‌(UCLA),‌‌in‌‌2012,‌‌sugereaza,‌‌de‌‌fapt,‌‌ca‌‌persoanele‌‌in‌‌varsta‌‌sunt‌‌mai‌‌
 
putin‌‌capabile‌‌sa‌‌recunoasca‌‌expresiile‌‌faciale‌‌asociate‌‌in‌‌mod‌‌tipic‌‌cu‌‌inselaciune‌‌si‌‌
 
minciuna,‌‌iar‌‌acest‌‌lucru‌‌s-ar‌‌datora‌‌slabei‌‌activari‌‌a‌‌unei‌‌regiuni‌‌a‌‌creierului‌‌numita‌‌insula‌‌ 
anterioara,‌‌responsabila‌‌tocmai‌‌de‌‌recunoasterea‌‌emotiilor‌‌faciale.‌  ‌

2. FACS‌‌–‌‌este‌‌un‌‌program‌‌prin‌‌care‌‌se‌‌simuleaza‌‌microexpresiile‌‌faciale‌‌umane.‌‌
 
Acesta‌‌ilustreaza‌‌trasaturile‌‌aspectului‌‌fetei,‌‌folosind‌‌descrieri‌‌scrise,‌‌imagini‌‌statice,‌‌exemple‌‌ 
si‌‌imagini‌‌video‌‌digitale.‌E
‌ kman‌‌identifica‌‌expresii‌‌faciale‌‌universale‌‌(furie,‌‌dezgust,‌‌teama,‌‌
 
bucurie,‌‌tristeţe‌‌si‌‌surpriza). In‌‌1990‌‌a‌‌completat‌‌lista‌‌cu încă‌‌11‌‌expresii‌‌universale:‌‌
 
amuzament,‌‌multumire,‌‌dispret,‌ ‌jena,‌‌excitatie,‌‌vina,‌‌mandrie,‌‌usurare,‌‌satisfactie,‌‌placere‌‌ 
senzoriala‌‌si‌‌rusine. Asadar,‌‌dupa‌‌indelungi‌‌experimente‌‌si‌‌studii,‌‌psihologul‌‌a‌‌elaborat ‌Codul‌ 
Expresiilor‌‌Faciale‌ -‌‌F.A.C.S.‌‌-‌‌care‌‌este‌‌o‌‌clasificare‌‌a‌‌expresiilor‌‌faciale‌‌umane.‌‌Acest‌‌
 
manual‌‌este‌‌util‌‌atat‌‌psihologilor,‌‌cat‌‌si‌‌altor‌‌categorii‌‌socioprofesionale‌‌care‌‌trebuie‌‌“sa‌‌
 

2‌  ‌
 ‌
citeasca”‌‌emoţiile‌‌umane.‌‌Cunoscand‌‌faptul‌‌ca‌‌fata‌‌umana‌‌are‌‌43‌‌muşchi‌‌care‌‌se‌‌pot‌‌combina‌‌
 
in‌‌10.000‌‌de‌‌expresii‌‌posibile,‌‌taxonomia‌‌lui‌‌Ekman,‌‌in‌‌colaborare‌‌cu‌‌Wallace‌‌Friesen,‌‌
 
identifica‌‌acele‌‌microexpresii‌‌universale,‌‌cognoscibile‌‌pentru‌‌o‌‌populatie‌‌diversa‌‌din‌‌punct‌‌de‌‌
 
vedere‌‌cultural.‌  ‌
3. WEBCAM‌‌‌–‌‌Se‌‌mai‌‌folosesc‌‌webcam-uri‌‌cu‌‌ajutorul‌‌carora‌‌se‌‌urmaresc‌‌
 
expresiile‌‌faciale‌‌ale‌‌unui‌‌utilizator,‌‌la‌‌nivel‌‌de‌‌microexpresii‌‌–‌‌dictate‌‌de‌‌subconstient‌‌si‌‌care‌‌ 
nu‌‌pot‌‌fi‌‌mimate,‌‌pe‌‌care‌‌le‌‌analizeaza‌‌apoi‌‌intr-un‌‌soft,‌‌prin‌‌intermediul‌‌inteligentei‌‌
 
artificiale.‌‌Scopul‌‌este‌‌ca‌‌afacerile‌‌sa‌‌înteleagă‌‌mai‌‌bine‌‌care‌‌sunt‌‌dorintele‌‌clientilor,‌‌cum‌‌
 
percep‌‌ei‌‌brandurile‌‌si‌‌produsele‌‌unei‌‌companii.‌  ‌
 ‌
Comportamentul‌‌simulat‌  ‌

Comportamentul‌‌simulat‌‌(disimulat)‌‌reprezinta‌‌refuzul‌‌de‌‌a‌‌marturisi‌‌si‌‌de‌‌a‌‌recunoaste‌ ‌o ‌‌
atitudine‌‌reala‌‌fata‌‌de‌‌o‌‌persoana‌‌oarecare‌‌sau‌‌incercarea‌‌de‌‌a-si‌‌camufla‌‌fata‌‌de‌‌sine‌‌insusi‌‌o‌‌ 
dorinta‌‌pe‌‌care‌‌totusi‌‌o‌‌simte.‌ ‌Comportamentul‌‌are‌‌o‌‌latura‌‌directa,‌‌observabila,‌‌aparenta‌‌– ‌‌
cum‌‌ar‌‌fi‌‌limbajul‌‌vorbit‌‌sau‌‌gestul,‌‌miscarea‌‌membrelor‌‌sau‌‌corpului,‌‌expresivitatea‌‌fetei‌‌etc‌‌
 
si‌‌o‌‌latura‌‌inaparenta‌‌–‌‌comportamentul‌‌interior,‌‌micromiscarile‌‌laringelui‌‌in‌‌limbajul‌‌intern,‌‌
 
activitatea‌‌ideo-motorie,‌‌activitatea‌‌ritmului‌‌cardiac‌‌modificat‌‌ca‌‌raspuns‌‌la‌‌o‌‌incitare,‌‌
 
modificarea‌‌de‌‌volum‌‌a‌‌vaselor‌‌sangvine.‌‌Orice‌‌forma‌‌de‌‌comportament‌‌are‌‌in‌‌primul‌‌rand‌‌o ‌‌
expresie‌‌motorie,‌‌ceea‌‌ce‌‌este‌‌valabil‌‌pentru‌‌ambele‌‌aspecte‌‌ale‌‌comportamentului,‌‌aparent‌‌si‌‌
 
inaparent.‌D
‌ e‌‌exemplu,‌‌un‌‌psihopat‌‌este‌‌un‌‌individ‌‌egocentric,‌‌iresponsabil,‌‌impulsiv‌‌si‌‌rece,‌‌
 
care‌‌nu‌‌simte‌‌emotie‌‌si‌‌compasiune‌‌fata‌‌de‌‌semenii‌‌sai,‌‌in‌‌acelasi‌‌timp,‌‌insa,‌‌este,‌‌in‌‌general,‌‌
 
foarte‌‌inteligent,‌‌iar‌‌la‌‌prima‌‌vedere‌‌pare‌‌o‌‌persoana‌‌agreabila‌‌si‌‌binevoitoare,‌‌chiar‌‌sarmanta.‌‌
 
Un‌‌astfel‌‌de‌‌individ‌‌isi‌‌foloseste‌‌inteligenta‌‌pentru‌‌a-i‌‌manipula‌‌pe‌‌ceilalti,‌‌singurul‌‌scop‌‌fiind‌‌
 
propriul‌‌succes.‌ 

‌Starile‌‌emotionale‌‌daunatoare‌‌sunt‌‌furia‌‌si‌‌ostilitatea,‌‌depresia‌‌(nu‌‌include‌‌doar‌‌
 
tristetea,‌‌ci‌‌si‌‌autocompatimirea,‌‌sentimentul‌‌de‌‌vinovatie‌‌si‌‌disperarea),‌‌stresul‌‌(consta‌‌in‌‌
 
agitatie,‌‌nervozitate‌‌si‌‌anxietate,‌‌si‌‌reprimarea‌‌sau‌‌negarea‌‌anxietatii).‌‌Acestea,‌‌odata‌‌tinute‌‌ 
captive‌‌si‌‌nerezolvate,‌‌pot‌‌avea‌‌efecte‌‌nocive‌‌asupra‌‌corpului‌‌nostru.‌‌Singura‌‌modalitate‌‌de‌‌a ‌‌
sti‌‌daca‌‌avem‌‌sau‌‌nu‌‌acest‌‌tip‌‌de‌‌emotii‌‌in‌‌corp‌‌este‌‌aceea‌‌de‌‌a‌‌intreba‌‌mintea‌‌subconstienta.‌‌
   ‌

3‌  ‌
 ‌
Si‌‌una‌‌din‌‌modalitatile‌‌prin‌‌care‌‌putem‌‌face‌‌acest‌‌lucru‌‌este‌K
‌ inesiologia‌,‌‌respectiv‌‌‌prin‌‌
 
testarea‌‌muschilor.‌‌Prin‌‌kinesiologie‌‌se‌‌poate‌‌masura‌‌nivelul‌‌de‌‌constiinta‌‌(vibratia)‌‌unui‌‌om.‌‌
 
Mai‌‌exact,‌‌se‌‌poate‌‌sa:‌‌afli‌‌repede‌‌si‌‌usor‌‌adevarul‌‌unei‌‌intentii,‌‌afirmatii‌‌sau‌‌declaratii;‌‌afli‌‌ce‌‌ 
persoane,‌‌firme,‌‌carti,‌‌programe,‌‌filme‌‌si‌‌orice‌‌altceva‌‌intentionezi‌‌sa‌‌„consumi”‌‌sunt‌‌in‌‌
 
concordanta‌‌cu‌‌adevarul‌‌si‌‌iti‌‌sunt‌‌folositoare;‌‌poti‌‌sa‌‌o‌‌folosesti‌‌si‌‌ca‌‌o‌‌metoda‌‌de‌‌
 
autocunoastere;‌‌poti‌‌obtine‌‌informatii‌‌care‌‌altfel‌‌nu‌‌iti‌‌sunt‌‌accesibile;‌‌ca‌‌metoda‌‌de‌‌vindecare‌‌
 
de‌‌anumite‌‌boli‌‌si‌‌afcetiuni;‌‌ca‌‌metoda‌‌de‌‌crestere‌‌a‌‌nivelului‌‌de‌‌constienta.‌ ‌Testarea‌‌
 
musculara‌‌se‌‌face‌‌de‌‌obicei‌‌cu‌‌ajutorul‌‌a‌‌doi‌‌oameni,‌‌pentru‌‌a‌‌fi‌‌precizia‌‌mai‌‌mare.‌‌Unul‌‌este‌‌
 
operatorul‌‌(cel‌‌care‌‌testeaza)‌‌iar‌‌celalalt‌‌subiectul‌‌(cel‌‌testat).‌‌Subiectul‌‌sta‌‌in‌‌picioare,‌‌cu‌‌
 
mana‌‌stanga‌‌intinsa‌‌lateral,‌‌paralela‌‌cu‌‌podeaua.‌‌De‌‌obicei,‌‌se‌‌recomanda‌‌mana‌c‌ are‌‌nu‌‌e ‌‌
dominata‌‌a‌‌persoanei‌‌testate.‌‌Operatorul‌‌se‌‌aseaza‌‌in‌‌fata‌‌subiectului,‌‌cu‌‌mana‌‌stanga‌‌pe‌‌
 
umarul‌‌acestuia,‌‌iar‌m
‌ ana‌‌dreapta‌‌pe‌‌antebratul‌‌subiectului,‌‌imediat‌‌deasupra‌‌incheieturii‌‌
 
palmei‌‌(in‌‌zona‌‌ceasului‌‌de‌‌mana).‌‌Se‌‌fac‌‌testari‌‌(apasari‌‌ale‌‌bratului‌‌subiectului)‌‌pentru‌‌ 
diferite‌‌intrebari‌‌adresate‌‌de‌‌operator.‌‌Operatorul‌‌apasa‌‌pe‌‌mana‌‌subiectului,‌‌cu‌‌o‌‌miscare‌‌
 
ferma,‌‌rapida‌‌si‌‌cu‌‌o‌‌presiune‌‌constanta.‌‌Gradul‌‌de‌‌apasare‌‌va‌‌arata‌‌rezistenta‌‌si‌‌opozitia‌‌ 
subiectului.‌‌Se‌‌va‌‌observa‌‌ca‌‌la‌‌intrebarile‌‌cu‌‌raspuns‌‌adevarat,‌‌bratul‌‌rezista‌‌in‌‌pozitia‌‌
 
orizontala‌i‌ar‌‌la‌‌cele‌‌cu‌‌raspuns‌‌negativ,‌‌bratul‌‌subiectului‌‌va‌‌cadea‌‌relativ‌‌usor‌‌spre‌‌corp.‌‌
 
Raspunsurile‌‌primite‌‌in‌‌urma‌‌testului‌‌sunt‌‌cele‌‌din‌‌interiorul‌‌corpului‌‌si‌‌al‌‌mintii.‌‌Muschii‌‌
 
devin‌‌instantaneu‌‌mai‌‌slabi‌‌atunci‌‌cand‌‌mintim‌‌sau‌‌cand‌‌discutam‌‌despre‌‌zahar,‌d‌ e‌‌exemplu‌‌
 
(zaharul‌‌fiind‌‌ceva‌‌daunator‌‌corpului)‌‌si‌‌mai‌‌puternici,‌‌mai‌‌fermi‌‌cand‌‌rostim‌‌adevarul‌‌sau,‌‌de‌‌
 
exemplu,‌‌cand‌‌ne‌‌gandim‌‌la‌‌un‌‌mar‌‌(care‌‌este‌‌sanatos‌‌corpului).‌‌Corpul‌‌nu‌‌poate‌‌fi‌‌pacalit.‌‌ 
Conteaza‌‌insa‌‌ca‌‌respondentul‌‌sa‌‌fie‌‌de‌‌acord‌‌cu‌‌aceasta‌‌metoda,‌‌pentru‌‌a‌‌putea‌r‌ eactiona‌‌
 
corespunzator.‌  ‌

O‌‌alta‌‌metoda‌‌prin‌‌care‌‌se‌‌pot‌‌obtine‌‌rezultate‌‌in‌‌ceea‌‌ce‌‌priveste‌‌mintea‌‌subconstienta‌‌este‌‌
 
Testul‌‌Balansului‌‌Corporal‌.‌‌Daca‌‌vei‌‌rosti‌‌o‌‌afirmatie‌‌pozitiva,‌‌coerenta‌‌si‌‌adevarata,‌‌corpul‌‌
 
tau‌‌va‌‌incepe‌‌sa‌‌se‌‌incline‌‌inainte,‌‌de‌‌regula‌‌in‌‌mai‌‌putin‌‌de‌‌zece‌‌secunde.‌‌Mintea‌‌
 
subconstienta‌‌va‌‌sti‌‌ca‌‌aceasta‌‌afirmatie‌‌este‌‌adevarata‌‌si‌‌corpul‌‌va‌‌incepe‌‌sa‌‌se‌‌incline‌‌
 
inainte,‌‌intrucat‌‌se‌‌simte‌‌atras‌‌de‌‌orice‌‌afirmatie‌‌pozitiva,‌‌coerenta‌‌si‌‌adevarata‌‌Invers,‌‌daca‌‌
 
rostesti‌‌o‌‌afirmatie‌‌negativa,‌‌incoerenta‌‌sau‌‌falsa,‌‌corpul‌‌tau‌‌va‌‌incepe‌‌sa‌‌se‌‌incline‌‌inapoi,‌‌in‌‌
 
acelasi‌‌interval‌‌de‌‌timp,‌‌intrucat‌‌respinge‌‌nu‌‌numai‌‌gandurile‌‌negative‌‌ci‌‌si‌‌incoerenta‌‌si‌‌ 
minciuna.‌  ‌

4‌  ‌
 ‌
SISTEME‌‌ALTERNATIVE‌‌DE‌‌ANALIZA‌‌COMPORTAMENTALA‌  ‌
Sistemul‌‌poligraf‌‌computerizat‌‌LX‌‌4000‌  ‌
Poligraful‌(‌ detectorul‌‌de‌‌minciuni)‌‌este‌‌un‌‌instrument‌‌de‌‌inregistrare‌‌a‌‌reactiilor‌  ‌
psihofiziologice‌‌care‌‌analizeaza‌‌constiinta‌‌subiectului‌‌si‌‌cauta‌‌sa‌‌evidentieze‌‌daca‌  ‌
acesta‌‌reda‌‌cu‌‌fidelitate‌‌si‌‌sinceritate‌‌informatiile‌‌si‌‌derularea‌‌faptelor.‌‌Functionarea‌  ‌
poligrafului‌‌se‌‌bazeaza‌‌pe‌‌faptul‌‌ca‌‌o‌‌minciuna‌‌spusa‌‌constient‌‌produce‌‌tensiune‌  ‌
emotionala‌‌care,‌‌la‌‌rândul‌‌ei,‌‌induce‌‌modificari‌‌ale‌‌reactiilor‌‌fiziologice,‌‌acestea‌‌fiind‌  ‌
inregistrate‌‌sub‌‌forma‌‌unor‌‌diagrame.‌  ‌
Sistemul‌‌pentru‌‌achizitionarea‌‌de‌‌date‌‌model‌‌LX4000,‌‌prevazut‌‌cu‌‌7‌‌canale‌‌de‌  ‌
intrare‌‌constituie‌‌o‌‌interfata‌‌intre‌‌calculator‌‌si‌‌accesoriile‌‌poligrafului,‌‌care‌‌inregistreaza‌‌
 
modificarile‌‌parametrilor‌‌fiziologici‌‌ai‌‌subiectului,‌‌in‌‌timpul‌‌unei‌‌examinari‌‌cu‌‌poligraful.‌‌
 
Sistemul‌‌pentru‌‌achizitia‌‌de‌‌date‌‌este‌‌componenta‌‌de‌‌baza‌‌a‌‌poligrafului.‌  ‌
Cele‌‌7‌‌canale‌‌de‌‌intrare‌‌sunt:‌  ‌
-‌‌2‌‌pentru‌‌pneumograf‌‌-‌‌PNEUMO‌‌-‌‌doua‌‌canale‌‌de‌‌intrare‌‌pentru‌‌respiratie;‌  ‌
-‌‌1‌‌pentru‌‌tensiune‌‌arteriala;‌  ‌
-‌‌1‌‌pentru‌‌EDA‌‌activitate‌‌electrodermica‌‌-‌‌raspunsul‌‌galvanic‌‌al‌‌pielii;‌‌
   ‌
-‌‌3‌‌auxiliare.‌ 

Sistemul‌‌FAST‌‌-‌‌Future‌‌Attribute‌‌Screening‌‌Technology‌-‌ ‌T
‌ ehnologia‌‌de‌‌evaluare‌‌a ‌‌
viitoarelor‌‌intentii‌  ‌
Tehnologia‌‌de‌‌evaluare‌‌a‌‌viitoarelor‌‌intentii‌‌sau‌‌FAST‌‌isi‌‌doreste‌‌sa‌‌descifreze‌  ‌
indicatorii‌‌fizici‌‌si‌‌psihologici‌‌ai‌‌cuiva‌‌cu‌‌intentii‌‌rele.‌‌FAST‌‌este‌‌formata‌‌dintr-o‌‌camera‌‌de‌‌
 
triaj‌‌echipata‌‌cu‌‌aparate‌‌de‌‌filmat,‌‌microfoane‌‌si‌‌o‌‌camera‌‌de‌‌control‌‌unde‌‌specialistii‌‌
 
evalueaza‌‌datele.‌‌Una‌‌din‌‌principalele‌‌necesitati‌‌e‌‌verificarea‌‌oamenilor,‌‌atât‌‌a‌‌celor‌‌care‌‌ 
folosesc‌‌infrastructura‌‌sau‌‌un‌‌punct‌‌de‌‌acces‌‌cât‌‌si‌‌a‌‌celor‌‌care‌‌intra‌‌într-un‌‌spatiu‌‌necontrolat.‌‌
 
Senzorii‌‌FAST‌‌masoara‌‌pulsul‌‌persoanei,‌‌respiratia,‌‌temperatura‌‌si‌‌alte‌‌semne‌‌fiziologice.‌‌
 
Schimbarile‌‌parametrilor‌‌în‌‌timpul‌‌interogatoriului‌‌pot‌‌indica‌‌minciuna.‌‌
   ‌
Se‌‌poate‌‌utiliza‌‌intr-o‌‌incinta‌‌o‌‌camera‌‌in‌‌infrarosu‌‌care‌‌ne‌‌ofera‌‌date‌‌termice‌‌despre‌‌persoana‌‌
 
evaluata.‌‌Iar‌‌imaginile‌‌ne‌‌ofera‌‌indicii,‌‌pentru‌‌ca‌‌schimbarile‌‌de‌‌temperatura‌‌din‌‌jurul‌‌ochilor‌‌
 
sugereaza‌e‌ motii‌‌puternice.‌‌Nu‌‌este‌‌necesar‌‌ca‌‌persoana‌‌examinata‌‌sa‌‌fie‌‌atinsa‌‌si‌‌de‌‌
 
asemenea‌‌nu‌‌trebuie‌‌conectata‌‌la‌‌aparate.‌‌Având‌‌în‌‌vedere‌‌ca‌‌persoanele‌‌sunt‌‌entitati‌‌unice,‌‌ 

5‌  ‌
 ‌
daca‌‌am‌‌o‌‌reactie‌‌psihologica,‌‌daca‌‌simt‌‌ca‌‌voi‌‌minti,‌‌am‌‌un‌‌raspuns‌‌emotional.‌‌Acestea‌‌se‌‌ 
vor‌‌manifesta‌‌ca‌‌reactii‌‌fizice‌‌sau‌‌comportamentale.‌  ‌
 ‌
Proiectul‌‌„INTENTIE‌‌OSTILA”25‌  ‌
In‌‌laboratorul‌‌american‌‌de‌‌cercetari‌‌al‌‌marinei‌‌oamenii‌‌de‌‌stiinta‌‌dezvolta‌‌o‌‌tehnologie‌‌de‌‌
 
analiza‌‌care‌‌examineaza‌‌comportamentul‌‌simulat,‌‌denumit‌‌proiectul‌‌„Intentie‌‌ostila”‌‌inca‌‌din‌‌
 
anul‌‌2007.‌‌Aproximativ‌‌400‌‌de‌‌milioane‌‌de‌‌oameni‌‌trec‌‌granita‌‌SUA‌‌anual‌‌iar‌‌lucratorii‌‌de‌‌la‌‌
 
granita‌‌beneficiaza‌‌în‌‌medie‌‌de‌‌30‌‌de‌‌secunde‌‌pentru‌‌o‌‌analiza‌‌initiala‌‌a‌‌persoanelor,‌‌sa‌‌le‌‌
 
proceseze‌a‌ ctele‌‌si‌‌sa‌‌caute‌‌semne‌‌deosebite‌‌de‌‌comportament.‌‌Chiar‌‌si‌‌in‌‌cea‌‌mai‌‌buna‌‌
 
situatie‌‌30‌‌de‌‌secunde‌‌nu‌‌inseamna‌‌foarte‌‌mult‌‌timp.‌‌Teroristii‌‌pot‌‌fi‌‌antrenati‌‌sa-ti‌‌ascunda‌‌
 
emotiile‌‌cand‌‌trec‌‌prin‌‌punctele‌‌de‌‌control,‌‌insa‌‌cercetarile‌‌au‌‌descoperit‌‌ca‌‌avem‌‌cu‌‌totii‌‌ 
„microexpresii”‌‌involuntare‌‌în‌‌anumite‌‌zone‌‌ale‌‌fetei.‌‌„Scaparile‌‌microfaciale”‌‌pot‌‌dura‌‌doar‌‌
 
o‌‌fractiune‌‌de‌‌secunda.‌‌Programul‌‌„Intentie‌‌ostila”‌‌utilizeaza‌‌senzori‌‌de‌‌miscare‌‌pentru‌‌a ‌‌
înregistra‌‌ceea‌‌ce‌‌unui‌‌om‌‌i-ar‌‌putea‌‌scapa.‌‌O‌‌camera‌‌video‌‌si‌‌un‌‌algoritm‌‌de‌‌calculator‌‌
 
urmaresc‌‌nuantele‌‌subtile‌‌ale‌ ‌aproximativ‌‌40‌‌de‌‌muschi‌‌faciali.‌  ‌

Concluzii:‌‌
   ‌

Expresiile‌‌faciale‌‌constiente‌‌ne‌‌ajuta‌‌sa‌‌impartasim‌‌sentimente‌‌de‌‌iubire‌‌si‌‌compasiune,‌‌
 
intelegere‌s‌ i‌‌colaborare,‌‌dezgust‌‌si‌‌consternare.‌‌
   ‌

Microexpresiile‌‌sunt‌‌scurte‌‌expresii‌‌faciale‌‌involuntare‌‌afisate‌‌de‌‌fata‌‌umana‌‌in‌‌functie‌‌de‌‌
 
emotia‌‌experimentata.‌  ‌

‌Putem‌‌afisa‌‌sapte‌‌tipuri‌‌de‌‌emotii‌‌universale:‌‌fericirea,‌‌tristetea,‌‌surpriza,‌‌frica,‌‌dezgustul,‌‌
 
furia‌‌si‌‌dispretul.‌  ‌

Comportamentul‌‌simulat‌‌(disimulat)‌‌reprezinta‌‌refuzul‌‌de‌‌a‌‌marturisi‌‌si‌‌de‌‌a‌‌recunoaste‌ ‌o ‌‌
atitudine‌‌reala‌‌fata‌‌de‌‌o‌‌persoana‌‌oarecare‌‌sau‌‌incercarea‌‌de‌‌a-si‌‌camufla‌‌fata‌‌de‌‌sine‌‌insusi‌‌o‌‌ 
dorinta‌‌pe‌‌care‌‌totusi‌‌o‌‌simte.‌‌
   ‌

IRMf‌ ‌-‌I‌ mageria‌‌prin‌‌rezonansă‌‌magnetica‌‌nucleara‌‌functionala‌‌‌si‌‌FACS‌‌-‌C


‌ odul‌‌ 
Expresiilor‌‌Faciale‌s‌ unt‌‌doua‌‌din‌‌metodele‌‌utilizate‌‌in‌‌identificarea‌‌microexpresiile‌‌faciale.‌‌
   ‌

6‌  ‌
 ‌
Kinesiologia‌‌‌si‌T
‌ estul‌‌Balansului‌‌Corporal‌s‌ e‌‌utilizeaza‌‌pentru‌‌identificarea‌‌comportamenului‌‌ 
simulat.‌  ‌

Ca‌‌sisteme‌‌alternative‌‌avem‌P
‌ oligraful‌‌‌(detectorul‌‌de‌‌minciuni),‌‌Sistemul‌‌FAST‌‌-‌‌Future‌‌
 
Attribute‌‌Screening‌‌Technology‌‌‌si‌‌totodata‌‌se‌‌utilizează‌‌Proiectul‌‌„INTENTIE‌‌OSTILA”.‌‌
   ‌

BIBLIOGRAFIE‌  ‌

⦿ Anitei‌‌M.‌‌(2007),‌ ‌Psihologia‌‌experimentala‌,‌‌Edit.‌‌Polirom,‌‌Iasi‌  ‌

⦿ Anitei‌‌M.‌‌(2007‌),‌ ‌Posibilitati‌‌si‌‌limite‌‌in‌‌abordarea‌‌experimentala‌‌a‌‌constiintei.‌‌
 
Aspecte‌‌metodologice‌,‌‌Revista‌‌de‌‌Psihologie,‌‌nr.3-4,‌‌Edit.‌‌Academiei‌‌
   ‌

⦿ Aniței,‌‌M.,‌‌(2007),‌‌Psihologie‌‌Experimentală‌,‌‌Ed.‌‌Polirom,‌‌Iaşi‌  ‌

⦿ Cherniss,‌‌C.,‌‌Goleman,‌‌D.‌‌(2001),‌‌The‌‌Emotionally‌‌Intelligent‌‌Workplace‌,‌‌Jossey-Bass‌‌
 
,‌  ‌

⦿ San‌‌Francisco‌  ‌

⦿ Ekman,‌‌P.,‌‌(1999),‌B
‌ asic‌‌Emotions‌,‌‌in‌‌T.‌‌Dalgleish‌‌and‌‌M.‌‌Power‌‌(Eds.).‌H
‌ andbook‌‌of‌‌
   ‌

⦿ Cognition‌‌and‌‌Emotion‌.‌‌Sussex,‌‌U.K.:‌‌John‌‌Wiley‌‌&‌‌Sons,‌‌Ltd.‌  ‌

⦿ Mihai‌‌Aniţei,‌‌Mihaela‌‌Chraif,‌‌Claudiu‌‌Papasteri,‌‌Andrei‌‌Neacşu,‌‌(2010),‌ R
‌ evista‌‌
 
Română‌‌de‌‌Interacţiune‌‌Om-Calculator‌‌Utilizarea‌‌instrumentelor‌‌software‌‌pentru‌‌ 
analiza‌‌sarcinilor‌‌testării‌‌subliminale‌‌în‌‌recunoaşterea‌  ‌

⦿ microexpresiilor‌‌faciale ‌  ‌

⦿ https://www.scientia.ro/homo-humanus‌  ‌ ‌

⦿ adrry.wordpress.com/2010/05/23/o-scurta-istorie-a-teoriei-micro-expresiilor‌  ‌

⦿ www.scribd.com/doc/6795235/Charles-Darwin‌‌
   ‌

⦿ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ekman‌  ‌

⦿ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_Action_Coding_System‌  ‌

⦿ face-and-emotion.com/dataface/facs/description.jsp‌‌
   ‌

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