CEP Final Report Nigeria - Annexes - Ok

Consortium AGRIFOR Consult 46
7. Annexes
A. Technical annexes 47
Technical annex 1 : Environmental maps 47
Technical annex 2 : Reference list of environmental and policy documents, statements
and action plans, and other relevant technical information 64
B. Administrative annexes 77
Administrative annex 1: Study methodology / work plan 77
Administrative annex 2: Consultants’ itinerary 79
Administrative annex 3: List of persons / organizations consulted 80
Administrative annex 4: List of documentation consulted 84
Administrative annex 5: Curricula vitae of the consultants 86
Administrative annex 6: Terms of reference 88
Maps
Map 1: Physical map of Nigeria and linguistic groups 47
Map 2: Geopolitical zones 48
Map 3: Climatogrammes 49
Map 4: Ecological Zones 50
Map 5: Forestry map 51
Map 6: Vegetation index 52
Map 7: Soil use 52
Map 8: National parks 53
Map 9: Commodjty activities areas 54
Map 10: The coastal zones of the gulf of Guinea 55
Map 11: Primary marine productivity in the gulf of Guinea (1997) 55
Map 12: Priority sites for conservation in the gulf of Guinea 56
Map 13: Freshwater priorities for conservation action in the guld of Guinea (WWF) 57
Map 14: Currents affecting the gulf of Guinea 58
Map 15: High risk impact zones from offshore oil spills 58
Map 16: Ecological regions of the Níger delta 59
Map 17: Ecological zones of the Níger delta 60
Map 18: Soil fertility in the Níger delta 60
Map 19: Oil exploration and appraisal fields in the Níger delta 61
Map 20: Pipelines and flow stations in the Níger delta 61
Map 21: Solid minerals resources in the Níger delta 61
Map 22: West Africa gas pipeline 62
Map 23: Population density in the Níger delta 63
Map 24: Existing and recommended transportation in the Níger delta 63
Map 25: SPDC’s flares out programme 64
Diagrams
Diagram 1: Diameter class distribution in high forest 51
Diagram 2: Recovery of associated gas 64
Pre-feasibility Study to Review Country Environmental Profile of Nigeria – Final Report – June 2008
A. Technical annexes
Technical annex 1 : Environmental maps
Map 1: Physical map of Nigeria and linguistic groups
Map 2: Geopolitical zones
Zone States
North West Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Sokoto, Zamfara
North East Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, Yobe
North Central Benue, Kogi, Kwara, Nassarawa, Niger, Plateau
South West Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo
South East Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo
South South Akwa-Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross-River, Delta, Edo, Rivers
Federal Capital Territory Abuja
Map 3: Climatogrammes
Map 4: Ecological Zones
Source: FAO
The vegetation of Nigeria is determined by climate, in particular by the rainfall and the severity of the dry season.
Farming, fires and soil also profoundly affect it. The following main vegetation zones can be distinguished:
1. The forest zone (mangrove forest and coastal vegetation, freshwater swamp forest and lowland rain forest), a belt 50
to 250 km wide along the coast corresponding to rainfall generally higher than 1 600 mm, exceeding 2 500 mm in the
delta and along the eastern coast (3 600 mm, for instance, at Forcados in the delta);
2. The derived savanna zone with a 1 150 to 1 500 mm rainfall and a 3-months dry season, bordering the forest zone on
the north;
3. The savanna zones, including:
- The southern Guinea zone (1 150 to 1 500 mm, 4 to 5 months dry season);
- The median and northern Guinea zones (1 000 to 1 250 mm, 5 to 6 months dry season);
- The Sudan zone (500 to 1 500 mm, 5 to 7 months dry season), which can be subdivided in a northern, median and
southern Sudan zones;
- The Sahel zone (250 to 500 mm, 7 to 8 months dry season).
The savanna zones extend in this order from south to north, with the Sahel zone covering only approximately 1% of the
total area of the country along the north-eastern border with Niger. However with climatic change, this area could
become much more important than presently Altitude is a dominant factor for vegetation only on higher elevations of
the Bauchi plateau and in the mountainous area along the central section of the Cameroon border.
Map 5: Forestry map
Source: FAO 2005
Diagram 1: Diameter class distribution in high forest

n u m b e r o f tre e s /h a
120
100 Density Class 1
80
Density Class 2
60
40 Density Class 3
20
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
diameter classes in meter
Source: Forest Resources Study, 1998
Map 6: Vegetation index
Map 7: Soil use
Map 8: National parks
Map 9: Commodjty activities areas
Map 10: The coastal zones of the gulf of Guinea
Map 11: Primary marine productivity in the gulf of Guinea (1997)
Map 12: Priority sites for conservation in the gulf of Guinea
Map 13: Freshwater priorities for conservation action in the guld of Guinea (WWF)
The main coastal areas identified were:
• F1. Coastal mangroves, including the Niger Delta, the Rio

del Rey, the Baie du Cameroun and the zone from Port
Gentil to Kouliou.
• F2. Coastal estuaries, including the Ogooué Delta and Rio
Muni: important for their high productivity and support of
migratory birds (mudflats) and marine turtles (beaches).
The beaches south of Mayumba in Gabon and the island of
Corsico are of high importance for turtles.
• F3. Niger Delta and coastal swamp forest.
• F4. Bay of Cameroon Freshwater Swamps.
• F6. Lower Congo River mouth and swamps
• F7. Atlantic Coastal Lagoons, including the lagoons of
south Gabon and Congo, often surrounded by mangroves
and swamp forest.
• F8. Ogooué River: The Ogooué delta is one of the largest,
most intact and least well-known mangrove and freshwater
swamp systems in Africa, containing a unique assemblage
of plants and animals.
• F24. Lower Kouliou to Sunda.
• F43. Mangroves / Lagoon near Porto Alegre (São Tomé).
Map 14: Currents affecting the gulf of Guinea
Map 15: High risk impact zones from offshore oil spills
Map 16: Ecological regions of the Níger delta
Source: SPDC
Map 17: Ecological zones of the Níger delta
Map 18: Soil fertility in the Níger delta
Map 19: Oil exploration and appraisal fields in the Níger delta
Map 20: Pipelines and flow stations in the Níger delta
Map 21: Solid minerals resources in the Níger delta
Map 22: West Africa gas pipeline
Map 23: Population density in the Níger delta
Map 24: Existing and recommended transportation in the Níger delta
Map 25: SPDC’s flares out programme
Source:
SPDC.2004
Diagram 2: Recovery of associated gas
Technical annex 2 : Reference list of environmental and policy documents, statements and action plans, and
other relevant technical information
Environmental and policy documents, statements and action plans

Waterworks Act, 1915
Wild Animals Preservation Act, 1916
Forestry Act, 1937
Minerals Act, 1956
Antiquities Act, 1958
Explosives Act, 1964
Explosive Regulation, 1967
Oil in Navigable Waters Act, 1, 3, 5, 6, 1968 ss.
Quarries Act, 1969
The Petroleum Act n. 51, 1969
The Petroleum Drilling and Production Regulations, 1969
Sea fisheries act, 1971.
Land Use Act, 1978
Associated gas re-injection act, 1979.
Endangered Species (Control of International Trade and Traffic) Act, 1985
River Basins Development Authorities Act, 1987
Factories Act, 1987 (revised in 1992)
Harmful Wastes Act n. 42, 1988
Energy commissin of Nigeria act, 1985.
Federal Environmental Protection Agency, Act n. 58, 1988.
Environmental impact assessment decree n. 88, 1988
Nacional resources conservation council act, 1989.
National Policy on the environment, 1989
National Environmental Protection (Effluent limitation) Regulations, S 1.8, 1991
National Environmental Protection (Pollution Abatement in industries and Facilities Generating Wastes)
Regulations, S 1.9, 1991
National Environmental Protection (Management of Solid and Hazardous Waste) Regulations S. 1.15, 1991
Nigerian Ambient Noise Limitations 1991
Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Act n. 86), 1992
Sea Fisheries Act, 1992.
Factory Act, 1992
Urban and Regional Planning Law, Decree 88, 1992
Land (title vesting) decree, 1993
Envirnmental Impact Assessment Procedural Guidelines, 1995
National Inland Waterways Act, 1995
The Oil Pipeline Act and Oil and Gas Pipeline Regulation, 1995
Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) Mineral Oils Safety Regulations, 1997
National Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) Act 13, 1997
Revised National Health Policy, 2004
National Erosion and Flood Control Policy 2004.
National Guidelines on Erosion and Flood Control 2004
National Erosion and Flood Control Action Plan 2005
National / State / Local economic empowerment and development strategy 2005
National Health Act, 2005
NOSDRA Act, 2005
NESREA Act, 2006
National water resources Act, 2008.
Ministry of environment guidelines:

- National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria, 1990
- Air Quality Standards, 1991.
- National guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria. 1991.
- National effluent limitation regulation. Si.I. 8. 1991
- Pollution abatement in industries and facilities generationa wastes regulations, S.I. 9. 1991
- Waste management regulations S.I. 15. 1991.
- National gudelines and standards for water quality in Nigeria. 1991.
- National guidelines on waste disposal through underground injection. 1999.
- National quidelines for environmeantal audit in Nigeria. 1999.
- National guidelines on environmental management systems in Nigeria. 1999.
- National guidelines for spilled oil fingerprinting. 1999.
- National guidelines on registration of environmental friendly products and eco-labeling. 1999.
- Procedural and sectoral guidelines for EIA (1999):
- EIA sectoral guidelines: agriculture and rural development
- EIA sectoral guidelines: Mining of solid minerals, beneficiation and metallurgic processes
- EIA sectoral guidelines: Oil and gas industry projects
- Environmental Guidelines and Standards for the Petroleum Industry in Nigeria, 2002
Policy Guidelines on Solid Waste Management
Policy Guidelines on Excreta and Sewage Management.
Policy Guidelines on pest and Vector Control
National resources conservation action plan.
National fuel wood substitution programme.
National agenda 21. 1999.
National policy on the environment, 1998 (revised 1999)
National biodiversity strategy and action plan.
National action programme to combat desertificartion. 2000.
Nigeria first national biodiversity report. 2001
National environmental sanitation policy and action plan. 2005.
Combating desertification and mitigating the effects of drought in Nigeria. 2005
Reports of the 5tha dn 6th meeting of the National council on environment, 2006.
Niger Delta Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Project . 2006
National biodiversity strategy and action plan, 2007.
Mainstraiming environment into development in Nigeria: a training manual, 2008.
Energy commission of Nigeria. Renewable energy master plan, 2005

Ministry of agriculture. Agricultural policy of Nigeria, 1988.
Ministry of water resources. Water resources management and policy, 2001.
Ministry of water resources. National water policy, 2004.
Ministry of water resources. National water supply and sanitationo policy, 2000.
Ministry of energy. National gas master plan (draft), 2008
Government of Nigeria. Water Supply & Sanitation Interim Strategy Note. 2000
Government of Nigeria. Nigeria country profile. Implementation of Agenda 2. 1997
Government of Nigeria. Environment and energy for poverty reduction programme. 2004
Proponed legislation:
National Water Resources Act
National Environmental Management Authority Act
National Forestry Programme including a Draft National Policy and National Forestry Act
Major inland water resources
Brackish and freshwater floodplains included
Water body Surface area (ha)

Major rivers
Anambra River 1,401,000
Benue River 129,000
Cross River 3,900,000
Imo River 910,000
Kwa Iboe River 500,200
Niger River (less Kainji & Jebba lakes) 169,800
Ogun River 2,237,000
Oshun River 1,565,400
Subtotal 10,812,400
Major lakes and reservoirs:
Lake Chad 550,000
Kainji Lake (man-made) 127,000
Jebba Lake (man-made) 35,000
Shiroro Lake (man-made) 31,200
Goronyo Lake (man-made) 20,000
8 others (man-made) 90,400
Subtotal 853,000
Floodplains 3,221,500
Total, major freshwater resources 14,886,900
Other fresh water bodies
Delta and estuaries, brackish 858,000
Other (minor reservoirs, fishponds) 104,400
Miscellaneous wetlands suitable for rice 4,108,100
Total, all inland water bodies 19,958,000
Adapted from: Ita et al, 1985 and Ita, 1993
Soils productivity
Productivity grade Soil classes % of land area

High None found in Nigeria ---
Good Fluvisols, gleysols, regosols 5.52
Medium Lixisols, cambisols, luvisols, nitosols 46.45
Low Acrisols, ferralsols, alfisols, vertisols 31.72
Poor Arenosols 16.32
Adapted from: Agboola, S.A. 1979. An Agricultural Atlas of Nigeria. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Land area under different vegetation types and designated as forest reserves
Area of forest reserves

S/N Vegetation type Total land (km2)
(km2)
1. Sahel savanna 31,463 2,572
2. Sudan savanna 342,158 31,247
3. Guinea savanna 400,168 38,271
4. Derived savanna 75,707 3,208
5. Rain forest 95,653 19,986
6. Fresh water swamp forest 25,653 256
7. Mangrove swamp and coastal vegetation 12,782 522
Total 983,584 96,062
Source: Ministry of Environment
Natural forest cover in Southern Nigeria
Forest type Estimated Area (ha) % in Forest Reserves

Lowland forest 1,700,147 20.7
Freshwater swamp forest 1,611,360 4.9
Savanna woodland 392,321 2.3
Riparian woodland 84,355 0.1
Mangrove forest 5,314 --
Montane forest 3,847 --
Total 3,797,344 28.0
Adapted from: Beak Consultants et .al., 1999
Estimates of natural forest types in the high forest zone in Southern Nigeria (17 states)
Within Forest Outside Forest Reserves Total Forested Area

Natural Forest Type
Reserves (ha) ( in Free Areas) (ha) in the State (ha)
Lowland rainforest 788,053 912,094 1,700,147
Freshwater swamp 186,621 1,424,739 1,611,360
Trees/woodlands/shrubs
85,789 306,532 392,321
(savanna woodland)
Trees/woodlands/shrubs (riparian
4,018 80,337 84,355
forests)
Mangrove with trees 0 5,314 5,314
Montane 0 3,847 3847
Total 1,064,481 2,732,863 3,797,344
Source: Beak Consultants et al, 1999.
Game reserves
N Name of Reserve Location Vegetation type
1. Ebbazikampe Kwara State Guinea Savannah
2. Okpara Oyo State Rain Forest
3. Upper Ogun Oyo State Dry Forest/G. Savannah
4. Ohosu Edo State Lowland Rainforest
5. Ologbo Edo State Lowland Rainforest
6. Iri-Ada-Obi Edo State Lowland Rainforest
7. Ologbolo-Emu-Urho Edo State Lowland Rainforest
8. Orle River Edo State Lowland Rainforest
9. Gilli-Gilli Edo State Lowland Rainforest
10. Anambra Anambra State Rainforest/Derived S.
11. Uddi/Nsukka Anambra State Lowland Rainforest
12. Akpaka Anambra State Lowland Rainforest
13. Obudu Cross River State Lowland Rainforest
14. Stubbs creek Akwa-Ibom State Mangrove/Swamp Forest
15. Ibi Taraba State Guinea Savannah
16. Wase Sanctuary Plateau State Sudan Savannah
17. Wase Rock Bird Sanctuary Plateau State Sudan Savannah
18. Pandam Wildlife Park Plateau State Sudan Savannah
19. Pai River Plateau State Sudan Savannah
20. Ankwe River Nasarawa State Sudan Savannah
21. Damper Sanctuary Nasarawa State Sudan Savannah
22. Nasarawa Nasarawa State Sudan Savannah
23. Lama/Bura Bauchi State Sudan Savannah
24. Kogin Kano Kano State Sudan Savannah
25. Lake Chad Borno State Sahel Savannah
26. Dagida Niger State Sudan Savannah
27. Alawa Niger State Sudan Savannah
28. Kwiambana Zamfara State Sudan Savannah
National parks
S/No. Name of Park Area (Ha) Location Vegetation Type
A. Kamuku National Park 121,130 Kaduna State Guinea Savannah
B1 Kainji National Park
(Borgu Sector) 532,000 Niger State Guinea Savannah
B2. Kainji National Park
(Zugurma Sector)
C. Old Oyo National Park 253,000 Oyo State Dry Forest/G. Savannah
D. Okomu National Park 200 Edo State Lowland Rainforest
E1. Cross-River National Park
(Oban Division)
E2. Cross-River National Park 400,000 Cross-River State Lowland Rainforest
(Okwango Division)
F. Gashaka Gumti National Park 6, 402,480 Taraba State Guinea S/Montane
G. Yankari National Park 225,000 Bauchi State Guinea Savannah
H. Chad Basin National Park
(Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands/oasis Sector)
H1. Chad Basin National Park
(Sambisa Sector) 230,000 Borno State Sahel Savannah
H2. Chad Basin National Park
(Chingurme-Duguma Sector)
Plant species
Groups of plants Familias Genera Species

Algae 67 281 1335
Lichens - 14 17
Fungi (Mushrooms) 26 60` 134

Mosses - 13 16
Liverworts - 16 6
Pteridophytes 27 64 165
Gymnosperms 2 3 5
Chlamydosperms 2 2 6
Monocotyledons 42 376 1575
Dicotyledons 172 1396 4636
Total 338 2215 7895
Source: first national biodiversity report, 2001
Ranking of major environmental problems in the Niger delta
Current Potential
Current health Intervention
Problem type Problem or source environmental intervention Overall priority
significance costs
significance benefits
Land resource Erosion
degradation coastal High Low High High Moderate
riverbank High Low High High Moderate
Flooding Low High High High Moderate-High
Sea level rise Low Low Moderate High Low
Agricultural land High Moderate High Moderate High
Renewable Fisheries
resource stock depletion Low Moderate High Low High
degradation habitat degradation Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Forestry
deforestation High Moderate High Low High
mangrove Low Low Low Low Low
freshwater forest High Low High Low High
barrier island High Low High Low High
Biodiversity loss High Moderate High Low High
Exotic species invasion
Nypa palm Low Low Low Moderate Low
Water hyacinth Moderate Moderate High Moderate High
Environmen- Water contamination Low Low Moderate Low Moderate
tal Oil
pollution industrial Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
toxic & hazardous Moderate Moderate Moderate Low High
sewage Moderate High High Moderate High
Air pollution
gas flaring Low Low Low High Low
industrial Low Moderate Moderate Low Moderate
vehicular Low High Moderate Moderate High
Solid wastes
industrial Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
municipal Moderate High High Moderate High
Notes on the ranking significance used in prioritizing environmental problems in the Niger Delta
For the environmental significance, long-term, large-scale and severely disruptive environmental problems are ranked
higher than short-term, local, and moderately disruptive anthropogenic activities. Health significance is similarly
ranked, with stressors that impact large populations or cause substantial direct health impacts ranked higher than those
with smaller scale or indirect health effects. The effect on economic productivity is included in the evaluation for both
health and environment.
Potential future environmental benefits are an estimate of the present value of all future benefits of mitigating the
problem. Consequently, interventions with short-term benefits (e.g., within five years) are ranked higher than
interventions which require longer periods for benefits to manifest themselves (e.g., more than five years). The benefits
are compared with the present value of intervention costs to derive an estimate of the net present value of addressing the
issue.
In establishing the overall priorities, equal weight is given to each of the criteria. Depending on the magnitude of the
issue it is given a rating of High (3), Moderate (2), or Low (1) FOR EACH CRITERION. The overall priority
assessment follows this ranking as well. To determine the overall priority, the sum of rankings of the environmental and
health parameters is added to the net intervention benefits (benefits-costs). From this calculation, the overall priority
(OP) is rated as High (OP 5), Moderate (2<OP<5) or Low (OP 2). A Low ranking does not mean that the problem is
unimportant, only that it is a less significant problem than the higher ranked issues. The ranking provides a critical
initial step for formulating policies and programs to address the most important environmental problems. Given the
weak information base, the framework and the priorities should be refined as additional information and values are
incorporated.
A further note: Water contamination from oil activities includes only oil pollution and other aquatic impacts. Other
significant concerns associated with oil activities, including deforestation, forest degradation, loss of biodiversity, gas
flaring emission, and solid wastes are incorporated into other categories.
Adapted from: Moffat, D. and O. Linden. 1995. Perception and reality: assessing priorities for sustainable development
in the Niger River Delta. Ambio 24(7-8):527-538.
NEEDS targets and level of achievement
Variable 2003 2004 2005 2006

Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual
Macroeconomic
Growth in real GDP% 10.20 10.20 5.00 6.10 6.0 6.51 6.00 5.67
Growth in oil sector % 23.0 23.9 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 -4.5
Growth in Non-oil sector 3.3 4.5 7.3 7.5 8.5 8.2 8.3 8.9
Reduction in Poverty incidence % 5.0 - 5.0 - - - 5.0 -
Growth in Real Private - - 4.08 3.08 - - - -
Consumption %
Growth in Real Private - - 2.0 0.69 - - - -
Consumption per capita %
Inflation rate % 11.0 14.0 10.0 15.0 9.5 11.6 9.5 8.5
Pectoral
Growth in Agriculture sector % 7.0 6.5 6.0 4.11 6.0 7.0 6.0 7.17
Growth in Manufacturing sector % - 5.7 7.0 6.17 7.0 7.0 9.5
Manufac. Sector Capacity 53.0 45.6 >53.0 45.0 - - - -
Utilization
Fiscal
Maximum Public Deficit % of - -2.8 -30.0 -1.7 3.0 >3.0 3.0 >3.0
GDP
Total Expenditure % of GDP 25.1 17.0 23.5 16.7
Recurrent Expenditure % of total 70.0 80.3 65.0 77.2 60.0 - 60.0 -
budget
Capital Expenditure % of total 30.0 19.7 35.0 22.8 40.0 - 40.0 -
budget
External
Reserves $ millions 7.18 7.46 7.68 17.26 8.69 28.61 9.68 43.0
Imports Growth % - 3.5 15.0 8.68 18.0 - 25.0 -
Exports Growth % - 55.3 10.0 7.51 20.0 - 25.0 -
Earnings from Non-oil exports <5.0 3.2 >5.0 3.6 >5.0 - >5.0 -
Sources: *Targets from NEEDS and **Actual from CBN Annual Report and Statement of Accounts, 2006.
Irrigation systems, 1993
Category Distribution Status Ha

Foramal irrigation (puglic projects) Full Equipped 119,350
Partial contorl Acutally irrigated 71,700
Informal rrigation (famrer owned and Full or partial Lift of shallow tubewell 161,700
operated) Equipped Flood control (improved 18,500
wetland fadama)
Residual fadama (flash flood plains strips) Flood plains 724,000
Total 1,095,250
Source: JICA, Adeniji, FACU and other works
Production, consumption, and trade of forest products
Removals of wood products Value of wood removal

Volume (‘000 CUM over bark) Value (‘000 US$)
FRA 2005 categories Forest
1990 2000 2005 1990 2000 2005
Industrial roundwood 4,660 10,830 13,916 302,891 1,119,156 1,527,288
Woodfuel 59,096 68,172 72,711 262,618 404,492 475,429
Total 63,756 79,002 86,627 565,508 1,523,648 2,002,718
Source: FAO
Balance of forest products, 2002
Import Export Production Consumption

Units Quantity ‘000 $US Quantity ‘000 $US Quantity Quantity
Sawnwood Cum 400 181 60600 33383 2000000 1939800
Sawnwood (C) Cum 400 181 0 0 0 400
Sawnwood (NC) Cum 0 0 60600 33383 2000000 1939400
Wood-Based Panels Cum 11925 3342 260 365 95000 106665
Veneer Sheets Cum 31 13 166 337 0 -135
Plywood Cum 885 700 91 27 55000 55794
Particle Board Cum 1173 300 0 0 40000 41173
Fibreboard Cum 9836 2329 3 1 0 9833
Wood Pulp Mt 3284 1753 0 0 23000 26284
Mechanical Wood Pulp Mt 64 23 0 0 0 64
Semi-Chemical Wood Pulp Mt 0 0 0 0 9000 9000
Chemical Wood Pulp Mt 3066 1562 0 0 14000 17066
Dissolving Wood Pulp Mt 154 168 0 0 0 154
Paper and Paperboard Mt 143800 100160 0 0 19000 162800
Wood Fuel Cum 0 0 266 27 89096000 89095736
Wood Residues Cum 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Fibre Pulp Mt 3362 2306 0 0 0 3362
Recovered Paper Mt 414 141 650 73 8000 7764
Source: FAO
Production, import-export projections for forest products 2010 and 2020
Item Unit Actual Projection

1992 2006 2006 2011 2016 2020
Fuelwood production ‘000CUM 76799 61258 61258 60595 59838 59162
Industrial roundwood production ‘000CUM 8263 9418 9418 9913 10286 10563
Sawnwood production ‘000CUM 2715 2000 2000 2152 2283 2387
Veneer and plywood production ‘000CUM 72 55 55 63 71 78
Particleboard production ‘000CUM 40 40 40 46 51 56
Fiberboard production ‘000CUM 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mechanical pulp production ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chemical pulp production ‘000 MT 7 300 300 303 299 293
Other fiber pulp production ‘000 MT 0 23 23 24 24 25
Waste paper production ‘000 MT 11 221 221 244 264 279
Table 11 Newsprint production ‘000 MT 13 545 545 571 592 607
Printing and writing paper production ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other paper and paperboard production ‘000 MT 8 18 18 20 16 10
Fuelwood import ‘000 CUM 0 0 0 0 0 0
Industrial roundwood import ‘000CUM 0 1 1 1 1 1
Sawnwood import ‘000CUM 1 1 1 1 1 1
Veneer and plywood import ‘000CUM 3 0 0 0 0 0
Particleboard import ‘000CUM 0 2 2 2 3 4
Fiberboard import ‘000CUM 16 53 53 67 83 99
Mechanical pulp import ‘000 MT 0 16 16 17 18 18
Chemical pulp import ‘000 MT 2 1 1 1 1 1
Other fiber pulp import ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Waste paper import ‘000 MT 1 1 1 1 1 1
Newsprint import ‘000 MT 5 22 22 23 26 29
Printing and writing paper import ‘000 MT 65 121 121 154 191 226
Other paper and paperboard import ‘000 MT 51 108 108 133 165 197
Fuelwood export ‘000 CUM 0 1 1 1 1 1
Industrial roundwood export ‘000CUM 5 27 27 22 17 14
Sawnwood export ‘000CUM 41 28 28 22 17 14
Veneer and plywood export by region ‘000CUM 0 0 0 0 0 0
Particleboard export by region ‘000CUM 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fiberboard export by region ‘000CUM 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mechanical pulp export by region ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chemical pulp export by region ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other fiber pulp export by region ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Waste paper export by region ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Newsprint export by region ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Printing and writing paper export by region ‘000 MT 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other paper and paperboard export by ‘000 MT
region 29 2 2 2 1 1
Area by region ‘000 Hectares 16620 10679 10679 8987 7563 6588
Stock by region million CUM 1022 1341 1341 1192 1040 919
Source: Buongiorno et al. ITTO, 2007
Specific environmental issues and recommendations
Themes Environmental threats Coping measures

Policy Parallel policies lacking clear mechanisms for Baseline State of environment elaborated with the participation of
environmental protection institutions & private sector
Overlapping of tasks and lack of common FMoE building environmental skills of other institutions
vision of institutions in charge of Institutional environmental reporting / database
environmental governance Environmental standards updated
Weak capacities for monitoring and Gathering and publishing the environmental code of laws and
enforcement regulations
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) adoption in policies
framing
Reshaping of the registration of inspectors (minimum skills standards
updated)
Establishment of managerial skills across environmental institutions
Mineral Oil industry contribution to climate change is Reduction of conflictuality in the Niger delta / grassroots leaders
resources doomed to go on, due to limited flexibility coaching
and (social constraints) in gas flaring reduction Preference for off-shore oil and gas drilling
geology technologies adoption Regional/local gas distribution network / electricity generation
Energy Coordination: spot approach to mitigation facilities in the Niger delta
measures adoption Master plan for dry construction materials production and use
Dominant use of fuel wood energy leading to designed with the participation of the private sector
deforestation/ desertification Afforestation linked to fuel wood exploitation
Renewable energy sources – hydro and solar – SEA of urban planning considers GHG reduction
unexploited Tapping renewable sources of energy included in urban planning
Land Soil erosion / desertification due to SEA of policy and programmes in the agricultural sector
deforestation Regional land use planning
No guidelines for the reduction of Basin / watershed management approach
agricultural / animal raising impact on soil EIA as requisite for industrial / agricultural projects funding
fertility conservation Economic diversification by valorization of local biodiversity
Land management hampered by complexity of Farming diversification through intercropping, food technology,
the land ownership system marketing
Traditional conflicts between farmers / herders
/ forest harvesters limit land policies and
planning
Natural hazards (e,g. floods) unchecked by
land planning skills
Traditional exploitation of natural resources
hampered by pollution from oil/chemical spills
in the Niger Delta
Water & Water management framework lacking Recycling linked to compost and other materials utilization initiatives
Sanitation managerial resources Valorization of traditional knowledge / community association in
Chlorine water potabilization technology in urban planning
urban areas EIA of chlorine/UV/ozone water treatment according to use
Eutrophication of surface water /prolific Basin approach to rural water and sanitation
growth of invasive aquatic species Awareness raising campaigns associated to health and hygiene issues /
Proliferation of disease vector habitats from school environmental education
poor sanitation and pollution
Solid Indiscriminate disposal of waste / no Recycling linked to compost and other materials utilization
waste separation of toxic waste Valorization of traditional knowledge / community association in
Opportunities lost in waste recycling, urban planning
improving viability of public services and Waste taxation system based on recycling efficiency parameters
private investments Incentives for public / private partnerships in waste management
Lack of managerial resources to cope with
municipal garbage
Air and Natural resources vulnerable to climate Private sector participation in environmental planning
climate change, due to demographic pressure on Reduction of gas flaring through associated gas separation and use
issues natural resources - desertification / Implementation of air monitoring systems in urban areas
deforestation Vehicles registration & taxation linked to pollution parameters
Green house gas emission (fossil fuel Coordination of climate change initiatives country-wide
combustion) by gas flaring, vehicles and Promotion of LPG powered vehicles
power generators
Forest, Encroachment on ecosystems (oil and gas, Forestry exploitation guidelines, linked to soil conservation
vegetation, solid mineral mining, plantations / traditional Community and commercial forestry linked to protected forest areas
eco- agriculture) Afforestation master plan: coordination of forestry and agroforestry
systems Blunt perception of the interaction of initiatives in the frame of a 200 million saplings per year programme,
conservation measures at different levels – through a microbasins approach
Low coordination efficiency Strengthen networking between environmental research institutions
GIS / Land cover atlas through international / academic partnerships
Biodiver- Limited valorization of natural resources Promotion of small businesses in rural areas, linked to natural
sity and forbids the build up of conservation interests resources valorization (processing technology, microfinance,
wildlife Public bodies lack economic resources, while marketing)
private companies are committed to image Market driven ecotourism strategy / Emphasis on internal tourism
improvement only Wildlife game strategy involving communities
Economic development plans of protected areas involving public /
private partnerships – ecotourism
Landsca- Limited interest to valorize traditional Public / private partnerships (high image value of cultural symbols)
pe and knowledge and preserve cultural heritage Involvement of cultural values in land / urban planning
culture Short term approach to environmental research Screening of traditional knowledge for economic valorization /
ecosystems conservation
Living Disruption of environmentally balanced Public / private partnerships (high image value of cultural symbols)
conditions livelihoods, in the Niger delta, is facilitated by Tax incentives for clean technologies adoption
in human the local communities fragmentation Infrastructures construction mitigation linked to basin management
settle- Boom economy with poor feed-back resources plans
ments saving mechanisms SEA applied to urban planning
Inclusion of managerial and maintenance skills in urban planning
Awareness raising
Health Poorly planned human settlements - clogged NGOs / community leaders participation in primary health care
drainages, floods and open garbage dumps, strengthened
exposing populations to health hazards like Regional (West Africa) Sanitary and phyto-sanitary food monitoring
cholera, malaria Biosafety on work
Limited valorization of community skills, to
interface with public services in order to
complete the primary health care delivery
B. Administrative annexes
Administrative annex 1: Study methodology / work plan
Methodology
The objective of the pre-feasibility study is formulate an environmental assessment of Nigeria for the
Country Strategy Paper (2008-2013) and identify areas of possible interventions for EC support under the
10th EDF, of with specific emphasis on the Niger delta.
In order to perform the pre-feasibility study, the Team is:
- review and assess existing environmental documentation, including legislation and studies,
- consultation with representatives of the relevant bodies of the Government of Nigeria, donors,
implementing agencies, and environmental stakeholders in Abuja,
- plan and implement field visits in the Niger Delta and other 2 regions, in order to first hand visit and
consult State representatives and other environmental stakeholders.
An environmental assessment, including the Nigeria environmental profile is elaborated, along the guidelines
established in the pre-feasibility study ToRs, with the aim of providing inputs on environmental issues for
the planning of the 10th EDF programme and of the coordination of cooperation initiatives with other
donors.
Assessment of basic issues is organized around the analysis of:
- the status of environment,
- environmental policies, legislation, concerned institutions and stakeholders,
- environment in past and ongoing programs of Ec and other donors,
- environment integration in development strategy, current and forecast programs.
And completed with conclusions and recommendations.
The Final draft report and Final report are elaborated along the format specified in Section 10 of the Terms
of reference.
The Final draft report is presented to major stakeholders in a validation workshop, to be held before the end
of the mission.
Work plan
Activity Description Days Place

Bergamo – Frankfurt -
Trip TL trip to Nigeria 24/1
Abuja
Briefing Briefing at the ECD 25/1 Abuja
Collection, analysis of documentation
Desk analysis 26/1-1/2 Abuja
Planning of field visits
Abuja + field trips to
Collection of Discussions with stakeholders Calabar (Cross river)
2-16/2
information Field visits and 2 other sites
(tentative)
Draft final report preparation
Desk study 17-19/2 Abuja
Briefing at the ECD
Abuja – Frankfurt –
Trip TL trip from Nigeria 20/2
Bergamo
TL trip to Nigeria Bergamo – Frankfurt

Trip 30/3
Draft final report preparation – Abuja
Environmental project proposals elaboration
Desk study Debriefing at the ECD 31/3-5/4 Abuja
Submission of the Draft final report
Workshop Validation workshop 6/4 Abuja
Abuja – Frankfurt –
Trip TL trip from Nigeria 7/4
Bergamo
Final report Comments on the Draft final report 3 weeks

Incorporation of comments and completion of the
Europe
Final report Final report 1 week
Submission of the Final report
Administrative annex 2: Consultants’ itinerary
Activity Description Days Place

Trip Trip from hometown 24/1 Bergamo –Abuja
Briefing at the ECD
Briefing 25/1 Abuja
Ministry of environment
National population commission
26/1
Collection, analysis of documentation
Collection, analysis of documentation 27/1
Undp, Energy unit – FAO 28/1
WS&SSRP project management unit
29/1
STWS&SP project management unit
Ministry of Environment, Nesrea, RDDC liaison office
30/1
EC Delegation
Desk
Nesrea Abuja
analysis
Paws, Oxfam, Environmental rights action, Nigeria Environmental society, NGOs 31/1
Abuja environmental protection agency
1/2
Usaid, CIDA
Inception report elaboration 2/2
Inception report elaboration 3/2
Ministry of environment, EIA department
4/2
EC Delegation
Trip to Calabar, Cross river state
5/2
Concern universal, Abremgo, NGOCE NGOs
NGOCE, Abremgo NGOs
RWS&SA project unit
State commissioner of environment
Min. of agriculture 6/2
Cercopan NGO
Oceanographc institute of University of Calabar
Field visit
Servicom Calabar
Aqua farm
Ministry of agriculture
7/2
Forestry commission
Drill rehabilitation and breed center
Flight to Abuja
Ministry of environment, Planning, strategy and research department 8/2
Nesrea
Environmental profile elaboration 9-10/2
Undp energy, Unicef
11/2
Eni, total liaison offices
Stakeholders workshop on the review of the EIA act on sectoral guidelines
Desk
SRIP project management unit
analysis 12/2
Movement for the survival of Ogoni people, Nigerian environmental society NGOs Abuja
CIDa, LNG Bonny, NPOC Ltd,
Ministry of energy, Planning, research & statistics department
Ministry of energy 13/2
Environmental profile elaboration 13-18/2
Debriefing EC Delegation 19/2
Trip Trip to hometown 20/2 Abuja –Bergamo
Trip Trip from hometown 13/5 Bergamo –Abuja
Briefing at the EC Delegation
Briefing 14/5 Abuja
Submission of the Draft final report
Desk
Environmental project proposals elaboration 15-18/5 Abuja
analysis
Environmental project proposals elaboration
Debriefing 19/5 Abuja
Ministy of environment / NESREA
Workshop Workshop on the Country environmental profile 20/5 Abuja
Trip Trip to hometown 21/5 Abuja-Bergamo
Administrative annex 3: List of persons / organizations consulted
Abubakar Nura IFAD Projects Coordinator, PCU 080 3807 9595 drnuraabubakar@yahoo.co.u
080 5560 3179 k
Adhiambo Odaga Ms Ford foundation, Lagos, environment 014610 141 2 e.odaga@fordfound.org
080 3402 3868
Agbamsi Uche Nigerian environmental society 080 3311 6884 jonagba@yahoo.com
president www.nes-environ.org
Abuja environmental protection agency,
monitoring deparment
Agbor Chris Odu Cross river state forestry commission, 080 3322 1562 Fc_gorillas@yahoo.com
Calabar, Perm. Sect./CEO
Agema A. Juliana Women environmental programme, 080 2309 5204 wep@usa.com
Abuja avershima2001@yahoo.com
Ahmad Tameez Unicef Nigeria, WS&H specialist 080 3659 0421 tahmad@unicef.org
Ahmed Goni LNG Bonnie, Abuja
Akinrinadé Solá Ibadan 080 53 023 733 solaakinrinade@yahoo.com
03 5203 097 marcopolo63_2003@yahoo.co
m
Akor George Women environmental programme, 080 3042 3085 georgeakor@aol.com
Abuja, sr. programme officer
Akpojiyovbi Mojisola Servicom, Cross river state, Calabar, 080 3509 9411
(Ms) project consultant
Allaoui Said WS&SSRP Lot 1 Team leader, Metro 080 5118 3776 s.allaoui@wsssrp.org
plaza, main building, Zakariya 09 234 2323 info@wsssrp.org
maimalari st., CBD
Amadi Ako CIDA, 12 Albara st., Wuse II, Abuja, 09 413 0283 aamadi@cidapsu-ng.org
Environment/Rural Development 080 3307 2551
Advisor 080 3650 0667
Amate Mohammed Ministry of energy, Planning, research 080 5506 5771 amatetng@yahoo.ca
K. & statistics, Block D, NNPC towers,
Abuja, Director
Anukam Lawrence Nesrea, director of planning and policy 080 7352 0866 Lanukamnesrea.org
Chidi analysis lanukam@yahoo.com
Ashcroft Keith Environmental agency Wales, +44 1248 484 044 Keith.ashcroft@environment-
Gwynedd, UK, area manager 07799 342 828 agency.gov.uk
Barbaresi Enrica Eni, Rome +39 348 2579 Enrica.Barbaresi@eni.it
880
Benebo Ngeri S. Mrs Nesrea director general / CEO, 4, Oro- 080 5964 8809 dg@nesrea.org
Ago crescent, Garki I, Abuja 09 3146 250 2 nsbenebo@yahoo.co.uk
Brigaglia Andrea Kano +234 070 3290 A_brigaglia@yahoo.com
7116
Carroll Richard Cercopan, Calabar, Norwich UK ricarroll@hotmail.com
info@cercopan.org
Cashmoney Anyamalem Naoc Ltd (Agip), Hse dept., Port 080 3674 3889
Harcourt x 2546 080 8713 3842
Castinel Alain Total, Division for the Sustainable alain.castinel@total.com
Development, Chief Editor
Chieshe DEsmond Women environmental programme, 080 3863 7347 chieshe@yahoo.com
Abuja, programme officer www.wepnigeria.org
Chukwueke Tony Department of petroleum resources,
Victoria island, Lagos, Managing
director
Chukwurah Michael A. RWS&SA, water board premises, 080 2334 2863 michaelchukwarah@yahoo.c
Calabar, W&S engineer o.uk
m.chukwarah@wssr.-org
Cookey Peter Earthwatch, Port Harcourt, captain 080 2324 5314 meter@earthwatchnigeria.org
080 5513 5316 earthwatch@earthwatchnigeri
a.org
Coulson Claire Cercopan, 4, Ishie lane, Calabar, deputy 080 2827 5428 clairecoulson@cercopan.org
director www.cercopan.org
www.wildlifedirect.org
DfID DFID Nigeria, British High 09 413 7710 19 nigeria-
Commission, Plot 607 Bobo Street, off enquiries@dfid.gov.uk
Gana Street, Maitama, Abuja bnigeria-
enquiries@dfid.gov.uk
Edem Edem Abgremo for development, 43 Mayne 080 3711 4770 edemgreen@yahoo.com
av, Caabar, programme coordinator abgremonigeria@yahoo.com
Edodi Ukam U. NDDC, Agriculture and Fisheries 084 237 652
Department, Port Harcourt, Director 080 3349 8244
Efa Richard National parks service, Akamkpa, Cross 080 5707 3677
river state, director
Ekanem Nyananso Paw - Wateraid Nigeria office, plot 759, 080 2381 5028 gabrielekanem@wateraidnig.
Gabriel Bassan plaza, by nat’l library, CBA org;
Abuja www.partnersforwater.org
Ene Ha Anne Ministry of environment, SPRS dir. 080 3312 9681
Gen. 09 6725 679
Enede Julius N. Commissioner of agriculture, Calabar, 080 6839 8589
Special assistant
Erman Mr Nesrea 080 3613 6212
Fontaine François Agrifor, head of the NR dep’t f.fontaine@agrifor.be
Freyer Baerbel STWS&SP in Adamawa, Delta and 080 3659 0108 Baerbel.freyer@stwssp.org
Ekiti states, - GTZ, Metro plaza Abuja,
Inst. Expert – Deputy TL
Gadsby Elizabeth L. Pandrillus, Drill ranch, Housing estate, 080 3592 1262 drill@hyperia.com
(Liza) PO Box 826, Calabar pandrillus@earthlink.net
Gires Jean-Michel Total, vicepresident for sustainable +33 1 4744 6903 Jean-michel.gires@total.com
development and environment f +33 1 4744 2590
Hause Amy Concern universal, 41 IBB way, 080 2727 9497 amy.hause@concern-
Calabar, coordinator universal.org
Iglebaek Hakon Olav Undp, Un house, energy & environment 070 3793 9029 Hakon.iglebaek@undp.org
unit, jpo
Ingawa S.A. Ifad PCU, FMARD Abuha, Director and 09 8821 033 saingawa@pcuagric.org
Head of Unit 09 8821 051 www.pcuagric.org
Jawara Dawda K. RWS&SA, water board premises, 080 5909 1519 d.jawara@wssrp.org
Calabar, coordinator
Jenkins jr. Peter D. Pandrillus, Drill ranch, Housing estate, 080 2325 7691 drill@hyperia.com
Calabar 087 234 310
Kallah Ms NDDC, Abuja liaison office 080 5424 2482
Kamza Jarufu Ulam National park service, Nnamdi Azikiwe 080 3576 6544 tsiammallum@yahoo.co.uk
airport express way 080 5707 7791
Kemedi Dimieari Bayelsa state gov., e-gov & due process 080 3474 0966 Vdimieari.kemedi@bayelsa.go
Von bureau, director general v.ng
www.bayelsa.gov.ng
Koya Tanwa Mrs Solicitor & advocate, PPP consultant, 080 7792 0767 Btkoya2000@yahoo.com
Lagos 070 2819 4212
Latanya Mapp Frett, Director, Economic Growth Office 09 461 9422 lmapp@usaid.gov
JD USAID/Nigeria 080 3659 0441 www.usaid.gov/ng
López Rojas Erika Sierra Mojada 1414 Guadalajara, lopezrojas_erika@hotmail.com
Jalisco, Mexico 44340, timber expert
Lorenzen Catherine Environmental agency Wales, Bristol, +44 1454 205 748 Catherine.lorenzen@environ
UK, international relations manager 07769 911 739 ment-agency.gov.uk
Mani Rabe I. FAO assistant repr. in Nigeria 080 3408 0461 Rabe.mani@fao.org.ng
Marx Véronique ECD W&S Project officer 09 524 4000 7 x veronique.marx@ec.europa.eu
114
M 080 6156 2645
Secr 080 3665
0761
F 09 524 4021
Masini Giuliano MPP6, Agriconsulting, Owerri, Imo 080 6835 9050 zanzarzamin@hotmail.com
state
Mendie Micah University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, cahmen@yahoo.com

Nigeria
Metibaiye J.W.E. eng. Grid design associates ltd, Abuja 080 3307 2527 William@skannet.com
jwemeti@yahoo.com
Mittee Ludum Movement for the survival of Ogoni
people, president
NCF Nigeria conservation foundation 01 2642 498
Km 19, Lagos-Epe expressway Lekki, 01 4718 693
Lagos
Ndifwe O. Zee Tek ltd. Agrc. / environmental 080 6734 8669 onuspecial@yahoo.com
consultant
Odele Muyiwa Undp energy & environment unit, 080 2336 1263 Muyiwa.odele@undp.org
programme analyst www.undp.org.ng
Odemwinge Osaro Oxfam GB, Bassan plaza, Abuja, 09 234 9227 oodemwingi@ofxam.org.uk
programme officer 080 3553 4623
080 5127 2717
Oden Ann WS&SSRP special adiver & CEO Gain-nig@yahooo.com
Odigha Odigha NGO coalition for environement, 65, 080 3723 7454 oodigha@yahoo.com
Ndidem Usang Iso Road, P.O. Box
2839, Calabar, Cross River State, Exec.
Dir.
Odugbesan Bola Nesrea legal adviser 080 3327 7140 bodugbesan@nesrea.org
badekou@yahoo.com
Ofu Sam Cross river state Commissioner for 080 5678 3742 drill@infoweb.com.ng
agriculture, Calabar
Okaro Nduka Usaid. Mambilla st., Maitama, Abuja, 09 461 9376 nokaro@usaid.gov
Environmental adviser 080 7367 4700
080 4212 3668
09 461 9422
0803 659 0441
Okon Paul Macpolykon, Agrocare/Farmers Welfare macpolykon@yahoo.com
Foundation International, Nigeria
Okputu Ochim Cross river state, Commission for 080 3726 2387 ojokputu@yahoo.com
Julius environment; Calabar 080 5902 2775
Olaghere Tony Ford foundation, Lagos t.olaghere@fordfound.org
ford-lagos@fordfound.org
Olojoba Africa World bank Abuja, environmental 080 3604 0684 aolojoba@worldbank.org
Eshogba specialist icka2k@yahoo.com
Oluwafemi Akinbode Environmental rights action, programme 080 6053 5681 bode@eraction.org
manager bodeolufemi@gmail.com
Oscar dr Aqua farm, Calabar
Oshunsanya Christiana Deputy Director & Ramsar Focal Point 080 3306 3512 cooshunsanya@hotmail.com
Federal Department of Forestry, MEnv,
Abuja
Osibo Oladipo Undp energy & environment unit 080 2325 9767 Oladipo.osibo@undp.org
Owolabi Comfort A. MEnvironment, PRS, deputy director, 080 3287 7546 caowolabi@yahoo.com
international affairs, statistics, education
Jawara Dawda K. WS&SSRP Lot 2 team leader, 080 5909 1519 d.jawara@wsssrp.org
RUWATSSA, Water board compound
Calabar
Plas Daniel ECD 1st secretary – Head of section 080 3659 0737 Daniel.plas@ec.europa.eu
rural & social dev’t, W&S
Public info Work bank, 102 Gowon crescent, 09 3145 269 15 picnigeria@worldbank.org
center Abuja. M-T 10 00 - 16 00
Pyagbara Legborsi MOSOP, International Advocacy legborsi88@hotmail.com
Saro Officer
Shibkau Hadjara IFAD field Coordinator, Abuja 080 2321 2588 saingawa@pcuagric.org
09 4616100 x
6133
Simidu G.I. eng. STWS&SP in Adamawa, Delta and 080 3659 0245 Gi.simidu@stwssp.org
Ekiti states, - GTZ, Metro plaza Abuja,
dep. Snr wate engineer

Sode Olufunbi O. Nesrea, Abuja, Deputy director, 080 2333 0841 osode@nesrea.org
O. Extractive industry compliance 080 5702 0894 funbisode@yahoo.com
Soyombo Ronke Mrs Nesrea, Abuja, director inspection & 080 3644 1567 nsoyombo@nesrea.org
enforcement ronkesoy@yahoo.com
Stampa Marco Eni, sustainability and stakeholders + 39 06 598 224 Marco.stampa@eni.it
coordinator, Rome 314
Symmonds Mary Undp, Deputy Resident Representative 09 461 8541 mary.symmonds@undp.org
(Programme) 09 803 402 2099
080 3402 2099
Unimke Godwin Council for renewable energy in 080 5416 1352 godwin@renewablenigeria.or
Nigeria, Calabar, program director g
www.renewablenigeria.org
van der Robert 21st Crescent, Off Constitution Avenue, +234 9 524 4000 7 Delegation-
Meulen Central Business District, P.O. Box 280, F +234 9 524 Nigeria@cec.eu.int
Garki, Abuja 4021
Administrative annex 4: List of documentation consulted
Adeyinka M. et al. Environmental statistics: situation in Federal republic of Nigeria. 2005

Aigbedion I. Environmental effects of mineral exploitation in Nigeria. 2007
Afrodad. The politics of MDG and Nigeria. 2005
Amika E. Participatory forest land use planning in Cross river state, Nigeria: the journey so far. 1996
Ard/Usaid. Nigeria environmental analysis. 2002
Aruofor R. Fosa country report: Nigeria. 2001
Atkins. Draft water resources stratety: NIgeria, 2006.
Babalola O. Use of Vetiver Grass for Soil and Water Conservation in Nigeria
Blackett H., Gardette E. Croos border flows of timber and wkkd products in West Africa. Htspe. Abuja, 2008
Chemonics/Usaid. Agribusiness development assistance to Nigeria. 2002
Chikwendu C. Engendering Nigerian Energy Policy
Contreras-Hermosillo et al. Forest governance in countries with federal system of government.2006
DfID. Rural and urban development case study: Nigeria. 2004
DfID. Country report for Nigeria: research strategy, 2008-2013. 2007
DfIF. Country assistance plan for Nigeria 2004-2008
Ebeku. K. Biodiversity conservation in Nigeria: an appraisal of the legal regime in relation to the Niger delta
area of the country. 2004
EC-Nigaria. Country strategy paper and national indicative programmae for the period 2008-2013. Draft
DoE-Energy information administration. Energy Outlook 2007
Ecowas. Forestry policy. Abuja 2007
Eni. Eni e la sostenibilità: focus Nigeria. 2006
Enplan. Draft national irrigation policy, 2006.
FAO. Marine fishery resources of Nigeria: a review of exploited fish stocks.FEPA. Water quality monitoring
and environmental status in Nigeria. 1991
FEPA. The making of the Nigerian environmental policy. 1991
FEPA. Biological diversity in Nigeria, 1992.
FEPA. The petroleum industry and the environmental impact in Nigeria. 1996
FEPA. Coastal profile of Nigeria. 1997
Government of Nigeria. Supporto to Nepad Caadp implementation: national medium term investment
programme. 2006
Helmer R., Espanhol I. Water pollution control: case study IV: Nigeria. 1997
Icf in’l. Nigeria: Carbon Credit Development for Flare Reduction Projects. 2006
Igbuzor B. Review of Nigeria millenium development goals 2005 report. 2006
IMF. Nigeria Poverty reduction strategy paper – progress report. 2006
Irsnb. Action plan Gorilla gorilla diehli. 2007
Isebor C. Marine biodiversity in Nigeria – the known and the unknown
Jica. Country profile on environment: Nigeria. 1999
Jinadu O. Small-scale Fisheries In Lagos State, Nigeria: Economic Sustainable Yield
Determination.
ITTO. Status of Tropical Forest Management 2005 – Nigeria
ITTO. Achieving the ITTO objective 2002 and sustainable forest managmeent in Nigeria 2007
Junge B. Assessment of past and present soil conservation initiatives in Nigeria, West Africa. 2007
Kuruk P. Customary water law and practice: Nigeria.
Malumfashi G. Phase-out of gas flaring in Nigeria by 2008: the prospects of a multi-win project
Mobbs P. The mineral industry of Nigeria. 2001
Mosop. Wither Ogoni-Shell reconciliation? 2006
Mosop. Ogoni Unep engagements: the failures, the opportunities. 2008
Naoc. First monitoring report on Recovery of Associated Gas that would otherwise be flared at Kwale Oil-
Gas Processing Plant, Nigeria. 2007
National parks service. Nigeria national parks service, 2007
National parks service. L. B. Marguba. Nacional parks and their benefits t lo9cal communities in Nigeria.
2002
NDDC. Niger delta development master plan. 2006
Nesrea. Stratgegic action plan 2007-2015
Nigeria national planning commission. National empowerment and development strategy. 2004
Journal of International Women’s Studies Vol. 9 #1 November 2007 167
Nwoye M. Gender Responsive Entrepreneurial Economy of Nigeria: Enabling Women in a
Disabling Environment. 2007
Obassi E. Science and technology development policy in Nigeria. 2006
Okafor E., Abdulazeez Y. Gender-Sensitive Projects for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: A Critical
Assessment. 2007
Onwuka C.F.I, Ojo L.O., Ojote J. A. Our lost crops, 1993.
Orubu C. Water Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development in Nigeria. 2006
Oyelude A., Adepeju O. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): gender gap in information, education
and library access to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment in local communities of Nigeria. 2007
RBA evaluation office. Findings, lessons and challenges, as identified in independent evaluations. 2006
Sogreah Magelis. USAN deepwater development project. 2007
Tamuno P. Eco-livelihood assessment of inland river dredging: the Kolo and Otuoke creeks, Nigeria, a case
study. 2005
Tell. 50 years of oil in Nigeria. 2008
Titilola S. T.. Environment and sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria
Ukeje E.. Modernizing Small Holder Agriculture to Ensure Food Security and Gender Empowerment: Issues
and Policy
Undp. Niger delta human development report. 2006
Undp. Human development report 2007/2008: fighting climate change.
Undp. Country evaluation: assessment of development results, Nigeria. 2005
Unep. The export crops sector in Nigeria
Usaid. Strategic analysis of development constraints and priorities for action in Southern Nigeria. 2003
USAID/Nigeria Country Strategic Plan 2004-2009
Wetlands int.l. Priority conservation actions for coastal wetlands of the gulf of Guinea. 2005
Who. Living standard measurement survey
Who. Country cooperation strategy: federal republic of Nigeria. 2002-2007
Women environmental programme. Informal settings in the FCT of Nigeria, 2006
World bank. Nigeria rapid country environmental analysis. 2006
World bank. Getting agriculture going in Nigeria: framework for a national growing strategy. 2006
World bank. Strengthening forest law enforcement and governance. 2006
Administrative annex 5: Curricula vitae of the consultants
Team leader and environment specialist
Family Name: Brandolini

First Name: Giorgio V.
Date of Birth: 24.6.1962
Nationality: Italian
Civil Status: Married
Education:
MSc in agriculture (Università degli studi di Milano, Italy) and Specialization in Teledetection and
evaluation of natural resources (Istituto agronomico per l’Oltremare, Florence, Italy)
Membership of Professional Bodies:
Research Associate, Civitatis International (Researchers Without Borders), London, UK
The Mountain Forum, Washington DC, Usa
Editorial board, Acque & terre magazine, Venice, italy
Present Position: Development and environmental consultant
Years within the Firm: +20 years of professional experience
Key Qualifications:
Dr Giorgio V. Brandolini has graduated in agronomy and specialized in the evaluation of natural resources.
He has over 20 years of professional experience in developing countries.
He is an agricultural biodiversity consultant, providing technical advice to national and international
organizations, donors and implementing agencies. He has a sound knowledge of participatory rural appraisals
and PCM planning and is very familiar with the European union environmental and development policies and
procedures. He has great familiarity with the programming and elaboration of country strategies in Africa.
In his field assignments, Mr. Brandolini emphasizes community development, agro-forestry and natural
resources conservation and valorization.
He has elaborated Environmental impact assessments and Environmental profiles (Liberia, Equatorial
Guinea), integrating conservation and natural resources management issues into development strategies.
He devotes his technical knowledge and skills in promoting local ownership and the sustainable
diversification of household income, through the analysis of social issues and development of strategies
involving women contribution to seed and agricultural biodiversity conservation.
He has gained a wide experience in education on natural resources issues: elaboration of capacity building
schemes, field manuals and dissemination materials for rural development and conservation projects; capacity
building of technicians, community leaders, farmers.
Mr. Brandolini has been in charge of the formulation, planning, management & budgeting, monitoring and
evaluation of agricultural and environmental programmes and projects, integrating environmental issues into
development policies and country strategies, plans.
He has excellent negotiation and communication skills and ability to swiftly establish good relationships with
counterparts and other stakeholders.
He advised on strategic planning, design of policies aligned with country strategy papers and incorporating
natural resources protection issues and implementation of programmes in the activities of the Ministries of
Agriculture and Forestry of Afghanistan, Iraq, Eritrea, Kosovo, Bolivia, Italy.
His field experience includes Africa, South Asia, the Middle East, East Europe and Latin America.
Mr. Brandolini has published over 250 articles and 12 books on agricultural biodiversity, natural resources
and their mapping, sustainable development, traditional medicine and the protection of intellectual property
rights.
Environment and energy specialist
Family Name: Hamadina

First Name: Mohammed K.
Date of Birth: 25.9.1966
Nationality: Nigerian
Civil Status: Married
Education:
MSc in agriculture, 1991
MSc in soil science, 1995
Impact Assessment Training – Practitioners Course. SPDC and AMEC Earth and Environmental. Port
Harcourt, 2003
National Training Workshop and Capacity-Building for Federal Ministry of Environment Accredited
Environmental Consultants in Nigeria..University of Lagos, 2003
Social Impact Assessment Best Practices Training course, SPDC, Port Harcourt, 2004
Social Impact Assessment: Methods, Procedures and Practices course. IAIA, Stavanger, Norway, 2006.
Managing Health, Safety and Environment issues in Contracts. Elf Petroleum Nigeria, 2006
Present Position: Environment and energy specialist for the oil industry / EIA specialist
Years within the Firm: CEO of Biogeochem associates Ltd, environmental consulting co., Port Harcourt
Key Qualifications: 15 years of research/consulting experience conducting over 40 environmental studies.

Actino as Lenders coordinator to International Finance Corporation and Dutch Development Bank (FMO).
Participation in the review of EIAs related to this Greenfield cement project. Specialized in the analysis of
engineering/process designs, and their alternatives process efficiencies, and environmental effects, and
mitigation measures. Expertise in food process designs (cassava, fish/shrimp, fruits, wheat milling), mining,
infrastructure, as well as both upstream and downstream aspects of the oil and gas industry.
Formerly a Research assistant at IITA and Research Fellowship holder, in a collaboration between
IITA/Institute of Agrobiology and Soil Fertility, The Netherlands.
Dr Hamadina worked in various Nigerian regions and fields of expertise, including EIA of inshore and
offshore oil and gas extraction operations in the Níger delta. His ruties included ecological baseline studies,
Social and Environmental Assessments, environmental audits, polluted sites sampling and análisis,
Stakeholder Consultations. He established a company provideing technical and organization advice on
environment, with emphasis on social participation and stakeholders appropriation of the environmental
aspects of development. He has written and implemented research proposals on the valorization and
conservation of agricultural biodiversity.
Publications
- Effect of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen on Dry Matter Production and Nutrient Uptake of Sorghum,
1991
Sulfur Recycling in Alley Cropping System., IITA, Ibadan. 1992
Effect of Selected Cover Crops and Dactyladenia barteri Mulch on Ultisol in the Humid Tropics. 1995
Ethical Social and Environmental Responsibility for Sustainable Development. In: Owate, IO et al (eds)
Energy Resources and Environmental Crises. Port Hsrcourt, pp 294 – 325. 2006
Impact Assessment and Biodiversity Considerations: a case study of Niger Delta University Campus
Development Project on Wildlife in Nun River Forest Reserve in the Niger Delta., Stavanger, Norway, 2006
Challenges of Public Disclosure of Social and Environmental Issues at the Local Level in Nigeria. Presented
at the 27th Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact Assessment, Seoul, 2007
Economic Development Versus Social and Environmental Responsibility: a cursory look at Obajana Cement
Project in Nigeria. Presented at the 27 th Annual Conference of the International Association for Impact
Assessment, Seoul, 2007
Administrative annex 6: Terms of reference
Pre-feasibility Study to Review Country Environmental Profile of Nigeria
1. Background
The EC is preparing its Country Support Paper (CSP) for Nigeria for the years 2008 – 2012 which includes a
National Indicative Plan for the 10th EDF, for the same period. As part of the CSP preparation, the
environmental situation of Nigeria must be assessed and possible future EC-interventions in the sector be
identified.
The Niger Delta is formed by the riverine area facing the gulf of Guinea formed by the delta of the Niger
river, where most of the country’s oil and gas production takes place. Given its poverty indicators, its
economic importance and past EC support, the Niger delta has been identified as area of interest for EC
support. Also the substantial environmental problems, in part caused by the oil and gas extraction and high
biodiversity make environmental interventions potentially beneficial.
The Nigerian Government has prepared an Environmental Profile of Nigeria prepared in 1999 upon the
establishment of the Federal Ministry of Environment, which has been updated in May 2006. It identifies,
assesses and developed strategies and policies to address environmental issues in Nigeria, but does not
provide an overview of the donor involvement in the sector. The Country Environmental Profile includes
information on the national environmental outlook focused on key environmental challenges, responses to
environmental problems in Nigeria, current policies; legislative and institutional framework and
recommended strategies to address environmental problems in Nigeria.
In July 2007 the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) was
established, which has the mandate to ensure the enforcement of environmental standards in the country,
while the Oil spillage clearance office National Oil Spillage Damage and Regulation Agency (NOSDRA) is
responsible for environmental issues related to the oil extraction industry.
In 2006, the Niger Delta Development Commission completed the Niger Delta Development Plan, which
was adopted by the Government in 2007 and which formulates a blueprint for the development of the Niger
Delta area.
Since the resumption of Development cooperation in 1999, the EC support has had only limited funding for
environment specific actions, mostly through support to NGOs through the Environmental budget line. Other
donors have funded environmental interventions.
2. Objective
The objective of the pre-feasibility study is formulate an environmental assessment of Nigeria for the
Country Strategy Paper (2008-2013) and identify areas of possible interventions for EC support under the
10th EDF, of with specific emphasis on the Niger delta 1
3. Results
The pre-feasibility study will include the following components:
1. A review and assessment of the Environmental Profile of Nigeria prepared in 1999, updated in May 2006
and of other environmental documents available.
2. A review of the Government environmental legislation and policies and institutions responsible for
environmental protection and management, including those at Federal and State levels.
3. An overview of past and ongoing projects international co-operation in the environment sector, including
that by the EC, as well as by national and international CSOs.
4. An environmental assessment as required for the EC-Nigeria Country Strategy Paper (the format of which
will be provided to the consultants)
5. Recommendations and guidelines or criteria for mainstreaming environmental concerns in other co-
operation areas identified in the draft Country Strategy Paper and National Indicative Programme
6. Recommendations, if any, for a number specific EC intervention in the environment sector, with special
emphasis to the Niger delta region. The recommendations should also include an indicative budget for the
proposed interventions.
1
The Niger delta is situated in 9 States in southern Nigeria, namely Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Imo, Ondo,
and Rivers
[
4. Issues to be assessed
The following issues should be assessed:
4.1 The state of the environment

This Chapter should identify the state and trends of key environmental resources or components in the
country, including (as relevant) see attached table 2 in annex 2.
Pressures explaining the main negative trends should be identified, as well as pressures contributing to global
environmental problems, using table 3 in the annex as a guiding checklist.
Environmental trends should be assessed with regard to their social and economic impact, including:
- Declines in economic production or productivity (e.g. agriculture, forestry, fisheries);
- Threats to human health;
- Human exposure to environmental disasters (e.g. floods, drought);
- Loss of livelihoods and economic safeguard
- Impact on poverty, differentiated impact on women and men, impact on vulnerable groups (including
children and indigenous peoples);
- Sustainability of resource use;
- Cultural values.
This chapter should lead to the identification of problems, described in terms of situations or trends that are
undesirable due to their current socioeconomic consequences (e.g. falling productivity, health problems,
natural risks, and social crises), their future consequences (e.g. decline in natural resources, cumulative
pollution) or their contribution to global environmental problems.
If appropriate the consultant could refer to appropriate environmental indicators in order to establish a
consistent basis both for comparisons among countries and for monitoring changes in the studied country.
Attention should be paid to the MDG 7 indicators, and specific indicators related to the particular
environmental issues of the country.
If appropriate, the information could be organised according to eco-geographical subdivisions with the scale
(regional, national, local) of the issues indicated.
4.2. Environmental policy, legislation and institutions

A brief description and review should be provided of the strengths and weaknesses of the following aspects,
with their associated evaluation criteria given for guidance attached as annex to these terms of reference.
The analysis should identify potential institutional/policy/regulatory causes of environmental pressures.
4.3. Integration of environmental into the main policies and sectors

The assessment should examine the integration of environmental in the overall development policy and
sectors and areas that have key linkages with environmental which might be identified for EC support, taking
into account the focal areas of the current CSP. This section should examine the Environmental Profile of
Nigeria updated in May 2006.The Environmental Profile provides a brief description of the environmental
situation and recommendations for intervention in the Niger Delta and response so far by Government to
rescue the situation. The main legislation and institutional arrangements and measures of the sector which
address environmental issues, especially those identified in section 4.1 should be examined.
4.4. EU co-operation with the Country from an environmental perspective

This section should review the past and current experience relating to development co-operation
interventions with specific environmental objectives as well as the integration of environment into other co-
operation areas; including the application of environmental integration procedures (preparation of SEA or
EIA in EC funded programmes/projects). Where information is available the environmental impacts or
potential risks of EU cooperation should be identified for the benefit of future programmes. The results of
existing evaluations/reviews should be incorporated and lessons drawn for the future. The review should
cover both geographical and thematic programmes.
4.5. Co-operation funded by other donors from an environmental perspective

This section should review the past and current involvement of other donors and their experience in the
Country, and include a list of recent and planned projects/programmes with an environmental focus or
anticipated impact. Co-ordination mechanisms between donors and the EC with respect to the environment
should be assessed.
5. Conclusions and recommendations

The key aspects of the state and trends of environment in Nigeria, especially in the Niger delta region
including policy/regulatory and institutional constraints and challenges, should be clearly stated. These may
be presented in a matrix, crossing environmental concerns and the main sectors and policies.
Based on comprehensive assessment of the available information and on consultations with stakeholders,
recommendations should be made on how the European Commission and Government can better mainstream
the environment into the next Country Strategy Paper, taking into account current CSP and any pre-identified
options for the next one, including the anticipated focal sectors.
Recommendations should address (but not necessary be limited to) the following:
1 Recommendations concerning the response strategies based on environmental considerations. These
recommendations should show how best to address the main challenges identified by the Country
Environmental Profile. This might be done by selecting environment as a non-focal sector and or more
frequently, through environmental safeguards in other areas. These may include, for example proposal for
institutional strengthening and capacity building (including the enhancement of regulatory framework and
enforcement capacities.
2 Proposals for environmentally relevant indicators to be used in the National indicative programme.
3 Propose a modality for an integrated environment projects of between 5 – 10 Million EUR relevant to the
Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.
4 This proposals should look at the possibility of addressing biodegradation and biodiversity issues at the
micro-level i.e. community level initiatives
Individual recommendations should be clearly articulated and linked to the problems to be solved and
grouped according to the sector concerned or institutional stakeholder. The relative priority of the
recommendations and an indication of the challenges to their implementations should be given.
Any constraints to preparing the profile resulting from limited information should be described.
6. Work plan
The work plan should include but not necessary be limited to the following:
Consultation with the EC Delegation, National Authorising Officer (NAO), the National Environmental
Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Niger Delta Development Commission
(NDDC) and a selection of National, State, and local authorities, key international donors, plus key national
and international civil society actors operating in the environmental field.
Review key documents and reports, including the Country Environmental Profile, the current and draft
EC Country Strategy Papers; evaluation reports, existing strategic Environmental Assessments (particularly
those concerning focal sectors); environmental literature, environmental policy and regulatory framework,
legislations and enforcement relating to environmental issues, information on monitoring and environmental
performance indicators.
On the basis of the outline work plan and time schedule given in this terms of reference, propose a
detailed work plan.
7. Expertise required
The proposed mission shall be conducted by one category 1 expert and one category 2 expert.
Team leader Environment Specialist Cat 1 40 days (35 days in Nigeria, two travel days, 3 day report
writing at home base).
The expert should have at least 15 years experience in environmental issues, including institutional aspects,
international environmental policies and management; environmental assessment techniques and experience
in rapidly assessing information and developing recommendations. The Team Leader should have previous
experience in the EC cooperation, preferably in the ACP countries (EDF). The expert must a master’s degree
in a relevant field.
In addition
- Previous experience in Nigeria or the West African region is desirable
- Should have an understanding of the EU environment and development policies;
- Experience in undertaking environmental analyses and preparation of development programmes would
be an asset,
- Familiarity with Commission guidelines on programming, country strategies, PCM, policy mix and
integration of environmental issues into other policy areas is desirable.
- Familiarity with Commission guidelines on programming, country strategies, PCM, policy mix and
integration of environmental issues into other policy areas is desirable
Environment and Energy Specialist Cat 2 (35 days in Nigeria).

The expert should have at least 10 years experience in environmental issues, including institutional aspects,
international environmental policies and management; environmental assessment techniques and experience
in rapidly assessing information and developing recommendations. Previous experience with EC cooperation
is an asset, preferably in the ACP countries (EDF). The expert must a master’s degree in a relevant field.
In addition
- Previous experience in Nigeria or the Niger Delta Region is essential
- Should have an understanding of the Nigerian environment and development policies;
- Experience in undertaking environmental analyses and preparation of development programmes would
be an asset,
- Familiarity with European Commission guidelines on programming, country strategies, PCM, policy mix
and integration of environmental issues into other policy areas is desirable.
Working language
The experts should have excellent skills in English Language. English will be the working language and the
final report must be presented in English
8. Reporting
The result of the study should be presented in a final report in the format given in section 10 of the ToR. The
consultants will meet with the EC Delegation on the proposed mission, seek clarification if any on the ToR
and discuss the tools they will use in the field. The draft report will be presented in hard copies and
electronic version (Microsoft Word) to the EC Delegation and NAO at least three working days before the
departure of the expert from Nigeria. Three weeks within departure from Nigeria the experts will receive the
EC's comments on the draft to expert for incorporation into the Final report. The final report should be
submitted to the EC Delegation in Nigeria latest two weeks after the receipt of the comments on the draft
report. The consultant shall submit five hard copies of the draft final report and five hard copies of the final
report. Both draft and final report shall also be submitted in electronic format (CD ROM required, also email
to above addresses if size less than 10Mb) using appropriate software.
9. Indicative Time schedule (in calendar days)

The experts are expected to start work latest 15 November 2007
DAYS Location
Team leader Cat Expert cat
1 2
Travel to Nigeria 1 -
Desk analysis, including briefing in EC Delegation 8 8 Abuja
Discussions with stakeholders like the Ministry of 15 15 Abuja
Environment, NESREA and NOSDRA (with the possibility
of traveling outside Abuja to projects in the Niger Delta)
Draft report preparation 4 4 Abuja
Environmental project proposals and validation with 8 8 Abuja
EC/NAO and other stakeholders
Team leader travel from Nigeria 1 - Abuja
Final Report Writing 3 1
Total Days 40 35
10. Report Format

Standard Report Format for a Country Environmental Profile Maximum length (excluding appendices): 40
pages. The following text appears on the inside front cover of the report:
This report is financed by the European Commission and is presented by (name of consultant) for the …
(National Institution) and the European Commission. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the … or
the European Commission.
1. Summary
The summary should succinctly and clearly present the key issues described in the profile following the
order of headings 2 to 5 given below. The Summary should not exceed 6 pages.
2. Review of the Environmental Profile of Nigeria and State of the environment
3. Environmental policy, legislative and institutional framework

3.1. Environmental policy
3.2. Environmental legislation and institutional framework
3.3. Integration of environmental concerns into the main sectors
4. EU and other donor co-operation with the Country from an environmental perspective
5. Conclusions and recommendations for the CSP preparation and EC involvement in the sector.
6. Country Strategy Paper Environmental Annex Summary

Comprising the main issues presented in sections 2 to 4 above (excluding section 5) in not more than 4
pages.
7. Technical appendices
I. Environmental maps of the Country
II. Reference list of environmental and policy documents, statements and action plans, and other relevant
technical information.
8. Other appendices I. Study methodology/work plan (1–2 pages)

II. Consultants’ Itinerary (1–2 pages)
III. List of persons/organisations consulted with their affiliation and contact details (1–2 pages)
IV. List of documentation consulted (1–2 pages)
V. Curricula vitae of the consultants (1 page per person)
VI. Terms of Reference for the Country Environmental Profile
11. Other information

Given the volatility in the Niger delta area, the mission should closely coordinate any possible visit to the
Niger delta with the Delegation. The consultants are not expected to work in areas with high security risks.
ANNEX
Table 1
Aspect Evaluation criteria
Policies Existence of national policies, strategies and action plans for the environment, including
possible National Strategy for Sustainable Development (NSSD) and National Environmental
Action Plans (NEAP).
Policy response to global issues, sustainability issues (depletion of natural resources), and
specific environmental issues identified above.
Policies on gender and environment.
Consistency between policies.
Environmental integration in sectoral and macro-economic policies and existence of SEA of
policies or strategies (especially the PRSP if relevant).
Important measures taken by the Government to solve environmental concerns.
Effectiveness in achieving targets.
Regulatory framework, Ratification status and implementation of MEAs (Multilateral Environment Agreements) such
including EIA and SEA as those concerning climate change, biodiversity and desertification.
legislation Adequacy of (current and in preparation) environmental legislation (including land tenure and
land reform, access rights to natural resources, management of natural resources, requirements
for environmental assessment such as for EIA and SEA, pollution control, development
control).
Provision and procedures for public participation in environmental issues.
Effectiveness of legislation enforcement.
Use of other (non legislative) instruments, e.g. “green budgeting” (or Environmental Fiscal
Reform) and market-based mechanisms, voluntary schemes (environmental management
systems, environmental labelling, industry-government agreements).

Potential impact of non-environmental legislation.
Potential influence of biodegradation and biodiversity of issues at the micro level
Institutions with Identity, number and quality of institutions (involved in policy making, legislation, planning,
environmental environmental protection, conflict prevention and transformation, monitoring and enforcement).
responsibilities Level of co-ordination and decentralisation.
Strength and capacity of individual institutions.
Influence on other institutions.
Good governance practices.
Capabilities, means, functioning of environmental and conflict prevention services.
Major NGOs, institutes or other organisations involved in environmental management or Policy
Public participation Transparency and access to information.
Role of NGOs and civil society in environmental decision-making
Effective participation.
Participation by women and traditionally less represented groups.
Access to justice in environmental matters.
Environmental services Protected Areas: number, areas, relevance, and effectiveness.
and Sanitation and waste treatment infrastructure.
infrastructures Disaster prevention systems.
Emergency response mechanisms.
Environmental Relevance of selected indicators (with reference to MDG7).
monitoring Measurement of the indicators: periodicity, liability.
system Integration in the general development indicators.
Table 2
Themes Aspects
ENVIRONMENT
Mineral resources and geology Mineral resources
Geological risks (seismic, volcanic and related risks)
Land Soil erosion and degradation
Desertification
Land use, arable land, losses due to urbanisation or infrastructure building
Water Water regime
Ground water
Water quality
Air and climate Air quality
Potential climate changes and vulnerability
Forest, vegetation, ecosystems Forest cover and volume
Pastureland
State of particular ecosystems (e.g. savannahs, mangroves, coral reefs)
Biodiversity, wildlife Local status of globally threatened species/habitats
Alien invasive species
Fish stocks
Species with special value
Landscape Aesthetic and cultural value of landscape
Living conditions in human Air and water quality
settlements Sanitation
Slums
Health
Vulnerability to disasters
Table 3
Themes Possible aspects to consider
ENVIRONMENT
Mining, extraction of Extraction, treatment and transport of minerals and hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons
Water use and Water extraction (surface- and ground-water)
management Waste water discharges, water treatment
Water use
Land management Land use planning
Forest exploitation, Forest extraction
hunting, fisheries, Forest and fisheries management practices

biodiversity Hunting and fishing activities, poaching
Use of NTFP (non-timber forest products)
Fires
Introduction of alien species
Livestock raising Overgrazing
Rangeland management, use of fire, water management
Agriculture Extension of agricultural land
Shifting cultivation
Intensification
Irrigation and water use
Pest control
Agricultural practices
Energy production Sources of energy
and use Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Urbanisation, Urban growth and sprawl, urban planning,
infrastructure and dams, roads, major infrastructure,
industry polluting industries, tourism
Waste disposal and Waste production
management Waste management
Public behaviour and practices, existing systems,
hazardous waste management
Atmospheric Emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances
emissions Air pollutants affecting local or regional air quality (point-source and non-point source emissions)

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Consortium AGRIFOR Consult 46

Technical annex 1 : Environmental maps

Map 1: Physical map of Nigeria and linguistic groups

Map 2: Geopolitical zones

Map 4: Ecological Zones

Map 5: Forestry map

Source: FAO 2005

Diagram 1: Diameter class distribution in high forest

Source: Forest Resources Study, 1998

Map 6: Vegetation index

Map 7: Soil use

Map 8: National parks

Map 9: Commodjty activities areas

Map 10: The coastal zones of the gulf of Guinea

Map 11: Primary marine productivity in the gulf of Guinea (1997)

Map 12: Priority sites for conservation in the gulf of Guinea

The main coastal areas identified were:

• F1. Coastal mangroves, including the Niger Delta, the Rio

Map 14: Currents affecting the gulf of Guinea

Map 16: Ecological regions of the Níger delta

Map 17: Ecological zones of the Níger delta

Map 18: Soil fertility in the Níger delta

Map 20: Pipelines and flow stations in the Níger delta

Map 21: Solid minerals resources in the Níger delta

Map 22: West Africa gas pipeline

Map 23: Population density in the Níger delta

Map 24: Existing and recommended transportation in the Níger delta

Map 25: SPDC’s flares out programme

Diagram 2: Recovery of associated gas

Environmental and policy documents, statements and action plans

Ministry of environment guidelines:

Energy commission of Nigeria. Renewable energy master plan, 2005

Major inland water resources

Brackish and freshwater floodplains included

Water body Surface area (ha)

Productivity grade Soil classes % of land area

Area of forest reserves

Natural forest cover in Southern Nigeria

Forest type Estimated Area (ha) % in Forest Reserves

Within Forest Outside Forest Reserves Total Forested Area

Groups of plants Familias Genera Species

Fungi (Mushrooms) 26 60` 134

Ranking of major environmental problems in the Niger delta

NEEDS targets and level of achievement

Variable 2003 2004 2005 2006

Irrigation systems, 1993

Category Distribution Status Ha

Production, consumption, and trade of forest products

Removals of wood products Value of wood removal

Balance of forest products, 2002

Import Export Production Consumption

Production, import-export projections for forest products 2010 and 2020

Item Unit Actual Projection

Specific environmental issues and recommendations

Themes Environmental threats Coping measures

Administrative annex 1: Study methodology / work plan

Activity Description Days Place

TL trip to Nigeria Bergamo – Frankfurt

Final report Comments on the Draft final report 3 weeks

Administrative annex 2: Consultants’ itinerary

Activity Description Days Place

Administrative annex 3: List of persons / organizations consulted