PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Predisposing Factors Etiology Precipitating Factors

Prior ischemic attack none diet – fatty foods
Age – 70y/o socio-economic factors
Gender – male stress
Hx of heart disease HPN

Formation of fatty streaks Stimulates hypothalamus

on arterial wall
Sympathoadrenal medullary response Anterior pituitary gland
Scar tissue formation
Sympathetic nervous system glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids
Formation of plague
Adrenal medulla Cortical secretion Aldosterone secretion
Restriction of expansion
and contraction of arteries
Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine Na and H2O retention
CHON Fat cells Glucoge-
Blood stasis metabolism nesis
bronchodilation Pupil dilation Tachycardia
Fatty
Blood coagulability acids glucose Blood oliguria
Hyperventilation - RR Wide eyed Cardiac volume
output
Thrombosis Dislodging of Joins general Altered immune system Cardiac output
blood clot circulation Visual
preceptors
Embolism

Blood pressure

Continuous peripheral Stimulation of nociceptive

A B resistance neural receptors

Nape pain

C
A B C
Minute vessels dilate
pressure & weakness of vessels

Rupture of hypertensive vessels

Intracerebral Hemmorhage

Cerebral blood flow

Hypoxia Blood spills on brain tissue Venous return

Ischemia Syncope Formation of blood clot Cardiac output

Infarction
Space occupying lesion Hypotension
Necrosis
Inflammatory response triggered
Capillary pressure

Cerebral Edema

Compression of brain tissue Brain complies to in pressure without ICP

Displacement of CSF into spinal canal

D Continuous brain tissue compression ICP

Compensation by blood volume in the brain Compensation by displacement of brain

tissue as manifested by: BP, BT, RR,
Further tissue hypoxia
PR, widened pulse pressure, agitation,
nausea, vomiting, seizures, dizziness, and
Necrosis drowsiness
Death Stupor Lethargy Continues tissue displacement
 D

Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery Posteroinferior artery

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Parietal, occipital, Medulla Brainstm cerebellum
temporal lobes oblongata (CN V, VII, IX, X, XII)
Wernicke’s area Brocha’s area
Premotor Motor cortex Agnosia
area left side Dysphonia Dysphagia Dysarthria
Receptive Expressive
Aphasia Aphasia
Aphraxia Nerve fibers cross
over pyramidal
RAS
tract

Right sided
hemiplegia LOC

Strong flexor muscles /

overbalances extensor

Serious deformities